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Water Quality Strategy Report

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Water Quality Strategy Report FINAL REPORT CITY OF EL PASO DE ROBLES WATER & WASTEWATER QUALITY CONCERNS – WATER QUALITY STRATEGY TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................ES-1 1.0 SUMMARY OF EXISTING WATER/WASTEWATER QUALITY INFORMATION.............................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 EXISTING CITY WASTEWATER INFORMATION....................................... 1-1 1.3 EXISTING CITY WATER SYSTEM INFORMATION.................................... 1-2 1.4 RECYCLEDWATER ......................................................................................... 1-2 1.5 SURFACEWATER ............................................................................................ 1-2 1.6 SUMMARY......................................................................................................... 1-3 2.0 ANALYSIS OF IMPORTING SURFACE WATER: DRINKING WATER AND WASTEWATER QUALITY BENEFITS/IMPACTS..................................................... 2-1 2.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 POTENTIAL WATER QUALITY IMPACTS OF INTRODUCING SURFACE WATER TO CITY SYSTEMS......................................................... 2-1 2.2.1 Pertinent Existing Water Quality Parameters .......................................... 2-1 2.2.2 Water Supply Scenario with Nacimiento Imports ................................... 2-2 2.2.3 Imported Water Quality ........................................................................... 2-6 2.2.4 Nacimiento Project Water Treatment Alternatives.................................. 2-7 2.2.5 Water Treatment Plant Modeling Results/Treated Water Quality......... 2-14 2.2.6 BlendingAnalysis.................................................................................. 2-18 2.3 EFFECT OF IMPORTING SURFACE WATER ON TREATED WASTEWATER QUALITY AND REGULATORY COMPLIANCE............ 2-24 3.0 ALTERNATIVES COMPARISON................................................................................ 3-1 3.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 ALTERNATIVESCONSIDERED ..................................................................... 3-1 3.3 EVALUATION CRITERIA ................................................................................ 3-7 3.4 EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES ............................................................ 3-12 3.4.1 RankingMethodology ........................................................................... 3-12 3.4.2 EvaluationResults ................................................................................. 3-12 3.4.3 Alternatives Comparison Matrix and Cost Summary............................ 3-31 4639001 i 4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS – WATER/WASTEWATER QUALITY STRATEGY......... 4-1 4.1 FINDINGS REGARDING IMPORTING SURFACE WATER......................... 4-1 4.2 RECOMMENDED ALTERNATIVES............................................................... 4-2 5.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 5-1 LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Description 1-1 Location Map 1-2 Northern Segment of Nacimiento Project – Treated Water Alternative 2-1 Population, Water Demand, and Water Supply Sources Over Time 2-2 Schematic of Conventional Treatment (Scenario 1A) 2-3 Schematic of Conventional Treatment Coupled with Post-Filter Adsorber (Scenario 1B) 2-4 Schematic of Microfiltration Treatment (Scenario 2A) 2-5 Schematic of Microfiltration with Post-Filter Adsorber (Scenario 2B) 2-6 Example WWTP Effluent Quality (TDS) Over Time With Surface Water Imports LIST OF TABLES Table No. Description 2-1 Population, Water Demand, and Water Supply Sources Over Time 2-2 Conceptual Design Criteria For Conventional Treatment Plant (Scenario 1A) 2-3 Conceptual Design Criteria For Conventional Treatment Plant With Post- Filter Adsorbers (Scenario 1B) 2-4 Conceptual Design Criteria For Microfiltration Treatment Plant (Scenario 2A) 2-5 Conceptual Design Criteria For Microfiltration Treatment Plant (Scenario 2B) 2-6 WTP Model Predictions For Conventional Treatment Plant (Scenario 1A) 2-7 WTP Model Predictions For Conventional Treatment Plant With Post- Filter Adsorbers (Scenario 1B) 2-8 WTP Model Predictions For Microfiltration Treatment Plant (Scenario 2A) 2-9 WTP Model Predictions For Microfiltration Treatment Plant With Post- Filter Adsorbers (Scenario 2B) 2-10 Selected Additional Raw and Treated Water Quality Parameters for the Four Modeled WTP Scenarios 4639001 ii 2-11 Example WWTP Effluent Quality (TDS) Over Time With Surface Water Imports 3-1 Conceptual Cost Estimate of Alternative 4: Participate in Nacimiento Alternative (Raw Water Option) and Treat Water with City-owned Plant 3-2 Conceptual Cost Estimate of Alternative 5: Import Lake Nacimiento Water (Independent of Nacimiento Project) and Treat Water with City- owned Plant 3-3 Conceptual Design Summary of Alternative 7: Desalinate Well Water Supply 3-4 Conceptual Cost Estimate of Alternative 7: Desalinate Well Water Supply 3-5 Conceptual Design Summary of Alternative 9: Desalinate WWTP Effluent to Meet NPDES Discharge Limits 3-6 Conceptual Cost Estimate of Alternative 9: Desalinate WWTP Effluent to Meet NPDES Discharge Limits 3-7 Conceptual Design Summary of Desalination Components of Alternative 13: Desalinate WWTP Effluent for Recharge 3-8 Conceptual Cost Estimate of Alternative 13: Desalinate WWTP Effluent for Recharge 3-9 Approximate Projected Wastewater Production Rates for the Next Twenty Years 3-10 Conceptual Cost Estimate of Alternative 14: Add East Side WWTP (Upstream Reclamation Plant) 3-11 Cost Summary for Alternatives that Address Primary Project Criteria 3-12 Example Boundaries on Annual and Total Payments According to Variations in Interest Rates and Loan Periods LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix No. Description A Summary of Existing Water/Wastewater Quality Information – Full Version 4639001 iii LIST OF ACRONYMS AF/yr acre-feet per year AWWA American Water Works Association BOD5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand CADHS California Department of Health Services DBP disinfection by-product EIR Environmental Impact Report GAC granular activated carbon gpm gallons per minute HAA haloacetic acids MF microfiltration MGD million gallons per day mg/L milligrams per liter NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System PVC polyvinyl chloride RAS return activated sludge RO reverse osmosis RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board SCVWD Santa Clara Valley Water District SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act SFPUC San Francisco Public Utilities Commission SLO County San Luis Obispo County TDS Total Dissolved Solids TOC Total Organic Carbon TTHM Total Trihalomethanes USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency UV ultraviolet VFD variable frequency drive WAS waste activated sludge WTP water treatment plant WWTP wastewater treatment plant 4639001 iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The City of El Paso de Robles faces two important wastewater discharge challenges. Specifically, the City’s wastewater effluent to the Salinas River does not consistently comply with numerical permit limits for Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and the individual constituents chloride, sodium, and sulfate. The Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) has also indicated that ceasing discharge to the river altogether will likely become a future permit requirement. In addition, the City faces a long-term water supply problem. It currently relies completely on local groundwater for its water supply, but localized overdrafting of the groundwater basin has been documented. The City’s population and water demand are expected to grow by roughly 80% over the next twenty years. These factors indicate that the City would be prudent to secure a new source of water to preserve the local groundwater basin and increase long-term water supply reliability. The City realized that these wastewater quality/discharge and water supply issues were interrelated, but had only been partially studied, individually in response to particular regulatory requirements. The City commissioned Malcolm Pirnie to develop a water/wastewater strategy to provide the City with direction to address its multiple, interrelated issues related to wastewater quality and discharge compliance, water supply, and drinking water quality. We first reviewed individual reports and documents pertinent to the City’s wastewater discharge and water supply issues. These included regular City water and wastewater quantity and quality reports, and reports prepared by others addressing previous individual regulatory requirements (e.g., recycled water, urban water management). We prepared a summary of this available information for the City’s use and to provide a foundation for the subsequent phases of this project. We next considered the potential benefits and impacts of importing surface water, both in terms of City drinking water and wastewater effluent quality. The final and key task of this project was the development and relative ranking of over a dozen alternatives the City could implement to address its interrelated water and wastewater issues. For comparative purposes, well and wastewater desalination alternatives were evaluated on an equal TDS basis; that is,
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