Birds of Prey in Nidderdale AONB Evidence Report
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© Jonathan Bliss Birds of Prey in Nidderdale AONB Evidence Report September 2019 Contents 1. Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 3 2. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 5 3. Data Sources ................................................................................................................................... 9 4. Legal Protection ............................................................................................................................ 12 5. Species Assessment: Common Buzzard Buteo buteo ................................................................... 15 6. Species Assessment: Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus ....................................................................... 17 7. Species Assessment: Merlin Falco columbarius .......................................................................... 23 8. Species Assessment: Peregrine Falco peregrinus ........................................................................ 25 9. Species Assessment: Short-Eared Owl Asio flammeus................................................................. 29 10. Species Assessment: Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis ......................................................... 32 11. Species Assessment: Red Kite Milvus milvus............................................................................... 34 12. Other Species ................................................................................................................................ 36 13. RSPB Persecution Data ................................................................................................................ 38 14. Raptor Persecution Priority Delivery Group Data 2011-2015...................................................... 47 15. Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... 50 16. References ..................................................................................................................................... 51 Nidderdale AONB, September 2019 1 List of Tables and Figures Figure 1. AONB overview map ........................................................................................................................... 5 Table 1. SPA/SSSI citations and relevant bird of prey species ........................................................................... 7 Figure 2. SSSI’s in the AONB ............................................................................................................................ 7 Table 2. North Pennines Moors SPA ................................................................................................................ 12 Table 3. Area of North Pennines Moors SPA within Nidderdale AONB ......................................................... 14 Figure 3. Locations of last contact of hen harriers tagged by Natural England from 2002-2017 ..................... 20 Table 4. Territory occupancy, success rate and young reared for multi occupation sites ................................. 27 Table 5. Short-eared owl site occupancy data ................................................................................................... 30 Figure 4. Short-eared owl mean number of sites occupied in Northern Nidderdale AONB at five year intervals from 1988-2017. ................................................................................................................................. 30 Figure 5. The distribution of total owls in Nidderdale AONB as sent in from the public between March 2018- January 2019 ...................................................................................................................................................... 37 Table 6. Confirmed RSPB raptor persecution incidents in 10km squares occupied by Nidderdale AONB (and where specified, within 2km buffer of the AONB boundary) between 1987-2017 .......................................... 40 Figure 6. Number of confirmed RSPB raptor persecution incidents from 1987-2017 in Nidderdale AONB with a 2km boundary around the outside. .................................................................................................................. 43 Figure 7. Heat map of confirmed RSPB raptor persecution incidents within the Nidderdale AONB (including 2km buffer), 1987-2017 ..................................................................................................................................... 44 Figure 8. Birds of prey species subjected to confirmed illegal persecution from 1987-2017 in within Nidderdale AONB and 2km outside its boundary ............................................................................................. 45 Figure 9. Confirmed RSPB raptor persecution incident types from 1987-2017 in within Nidderdale AONB and 2km outside its boundary ................................................................................................................................... 45 Figure 10. Trends in RSPB raptor persecution incident type from the years 2000-2017 in Nidderdale AONB (including 2km buffer) ...................................................................................................................................... 46 Figure 11. Confirmed RPPDG incidents 2011-2015 by 10km square .............................................................. 48 Table 7. Confirmed RPPDG raptor persecution incidents in 10km squares with some overlap with Nidderdale AONB between 2011-2015 ............................................................................................................................... 48 Nidderdale AONB, September 2019 2 1. Executive Summary _____________________________________________________________________ 1.1 The issue of wildlife crime, in particular bird of prey persecution, features prominently in comments submitted to the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and was raised as a key issue in the 2019 Nidderdale AONB Management Plan 2019-2024 public consultation. In response, the populations of a number of key upland bird of prey species in the AONB have been assessed, and known confirmed incidents of persecution have been quantified. Data has been compiled from a wide range of sources and includes the best breeding data currently available up to and including the 2018 breeding season (i.e. data from the 2019 season has not been included as it is not yet sufficiently available). It also shows where there are currently data gaps. Our intention is to repeat this exercise in the future to assess progress against this ‘baseline’. 1.2 In the last two decades there has been a significant increase in the population and distribution of buzzard and red kite nationally. In both these species, the population increases are in the main, the re-occupancy of historic breeding ranges following historic declines or local extinction. Although there is no comprehensive monitoring programme for buzzard in the AONB, available records suggest that while widespread in the AONB as a non-breeding species, the breeding population is lower than would be expected given the available habitat. Red kite currently breeds in the very south of the AONB. Persecution incidents in the Washburn Valley and Upper Nidderdale appear to be preventing the expansion of the breeding population into these areas. 1.3 Despite large areas of potentially suitable breeding habitat, there were no successful hen harrier breeding attempts in Nidderdale between 2005 and 20181. Nidderdale is also an important area for wintering hen harrier, with a number of known roost sites. Of the 59 hen harriers that were satellite tagged by Natural England across northern England and Scotland between 2017 and 2017, seven (12%) are classified as ‘missing fate unknown’ in Nidderdale AONB, or close to its boundary. A further bird classified as ‘recovered – persecuted’ was recovered from within the AONB. A recent research paper by Murgatroyd et al. (2019) looked at the patterns of disappearances of satellite tagged hen harriers and concluded ‘that hen harriers 1 1 It is understood that breeding was successful in Nidderdale in 2019 (see https://www.gov.uk/government/news/record-breaking-year-for-hen-harrier-breeding), but data is not yet available. Nidderdale AONB, September 2019 3 in Britain suffer elevated levels of mortality on grouse moors, which is most likely the result of illegal killing’. They found that this pattern was apparent in protected areas in northern England, including Nidderdale AONB. 1.4 The long-term breeding data for peregrine indicates that the population remains relatively stable in the AONB. There has, however, been a marked difference in site occupancy, with traditional territories on areas not managed for grouse, including at Coldstones Quarry, regularly occupied and successfully fledging young. In contrast there has not been a known successful peregrine nesting attempt on any of the traditional grouse moor sites since 1998. There is no natural explanation for this difference. 1.5 There is no comprehensive monitoring programme for goshawk, merlin or short-eared owl across the whole AONB, so it is not possible to determine the true status or definitive population trends. However, the available data suggest that goshawk has become genuinely rare in Nidderdale AONB, with no recent confirmed