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Effects of Habitat Quality, Diversity and Fragmentation Inge Van Halder

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Effects of Habitat Quality, Diversity and Fragmentation Inge Van Halder Conservation of butterfly communities in mosaic forest landscapes : effects of habitat quality, diversity and fragmentation Inge van Halder To cite this version: Inge van Halder. Conservation of butterfly communities in mosaic forest landscapes : effects of habitat quality, diversity and fragmentation. Ecosystems. Université de Bordeaux, 2017. English. NNT : 2017BORD0001. tel-01477782 HAL Id: tel-01477782 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01477782 Submitted on 27 Feb 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE PRÉSENTÉE POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE BORDEAUX ÉCOLE DOCTORALE SCIENCES ET ENVIRONNEMENTS SPECIALITÉ : Ecologie évolutive, fonctionnelle et des communautés Par Inge VAN HALDER Conservation des communautés de papillons de jour dans les paysages forestiers hétérogènes : effets de la qualité, de la diversité et de la fragmentation des habitats Sous la direction de : Hervé JACTEL co-directeur : Luc BARBARO Soutenue le 6 janvier 2017 Membres du jury : Mme BUREL, Françoise Directeur de recherches, CNRS Rennes Rapporteur Mme PETIT, Sandrine Directeur de recherches, INRA Dijon Rapporteur M. DUFRÊNE, Marc Professeur, Université de Liège Examinateur Mme SIRAMI, Clélia Chargé de recherches, INRA Toulouse Examinateur M. JACTEL, Hervé Directeur de recherches, INRA Bordeaux Directeur M. BARBARO, Luc Chargé de recherches, INRA Bordeaux Co-directeur 2 3 Unité de recherche BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France Equipe Diversité et Fonctionnement des Communautés Site de Recherches Forêt Bois de Pierroton 69, route d’Arcachon 33612 Cestas cedex, France 4 Remerciements Je voudrais commencer par remercier chaleureusement Hervé et Luc. D’abord pour m’avoir proposé ce sujet de thèse sur les papillons de jour, un modèle d’étude qui m'a toujours beaucoup plu, et de m’avoir ensuite accompagné de leurs conseils pendant tout ce trajet de thèse. Ça a commencé comme une thèse ‘normale’, mais après mon recrutement dans l’équipe, c’est devenu une thèse au ‘ralenti’ avec des articles publiés au fil des années. Merci de m’avoir soutenue tout ce temps et de m’avoir aidé et stimulé pour finaliser ce projet. Je voudrais bien-sûr aussi remercier toutes les personnes qui m’ont aidé pendant cette période de thèse ou qui ont fait que l’ambiance au labo soit agréable. Certains sont déjà parti depuis un moment, d’autres sont encore là. Un grand merci à Pierre, pour m’avoir appris la forêt landaise et ses insectes ravageurs et à Fabrice pour le terrain qu’on a fait un peu partout, sa compagnie et ses conseils techniques. Je voudrais aussi remercier les stagiaires, ensuite les thésards, les CDD et les permanents, mais certaines personnes ont fait toutes ces étapes pendant ma période de thèse. J’ai vu arriver Bastien comme M2 et le-voilà maintenant chercheur dans l’équipe. Un grand merci à toi Bastien pour tes conseils, ta bonne humeur et tes petites blagues. Aussi un grand merci à Guillaume pour ta compagnie très agréable, tes conseils et tes histoires de toutes sortes (je passe les détails, ça serait trop long). Parmi les stagiaires je voudrais remercier particulièrement Audrey et Zoé pour m’avoir aidé dans la partie terrain de mon travail de thèse. Un très grand merci aussi à : Jean-Charles, Brice, Maïmiti, Jean-Sébastien, Pili, Maude et Thierry, pour votre agréable compagnie à Pierroton, Yohan, pour avoir partagé avec moi le même bureau pendant plusieurs années et pour ton agréable compagnie à Pierroton ou sur le terrain, Jean-Yves, pour tes conseils statistiques et ta façon de voir les choses ; on est même arrivé à publier ensemble ! Dominique, pour avoir partagé ta bonne humeur et tes connaissances encyclopédiques sur les petites bêtes en forêt. Je voudrais aussi remercier Manu : tu étais déjà présent pour discuter le plan d’échantillonnage pour la première année de terrain et tu m’as stimulée à la fin pour finir ce travail. Merci aussi à tous les autres membres de l’équipe à l’Université, c’est dommage qu’on ne se voie pas assez souvent. Même si ça date un peu, je voudrais aussi remercier mes anciens collègues aux Pays Bas, qui m’ont appris plein de choses sur l’écologie des papillons de jour et la gestion des milieux naturels et qui m’ont donné la passion de travailler avec ces insectes si jolis. C’est très agréable quand on peut combiner son travail de recherche avec le plaisir ! Et merci à tous les autres collègues dans l’unité pour leur agréable compagnie pendant toutes ces années : Chantal, Véronique, Florence, Loïc, Thierry, Xavier, Martine, Gilles, Marie-Laure, Cécile, Jennifer, Thomas, Gabriel, Céline ………………………….. 5 Liste des valorisations dans le cadre de la thèse Articles publiés : van Halder, I., Barnagaud, J.-Y., Jactel, H. and Barbaro, L., 2015. Woodland habitat quality prevails over fragmentation for shaping butterfly diversity in deciduous forest remnants. Forest Ecology and Management 357, 171–180. van Halder I., Barbaro, L. and Jactel, H., 2011. Conserving butterflies in fragmented plantation forests: are edge and interior habitats equally important? Journal of Insect Conservation 15, 591-601. Rossi, J.P. and van Halder, I., 2010. Towards indicators of butterfly biodiversity based on a multiscale landscape description. Ecological Indicators, 10 (2): 452-458. Barbaro, L. and van Halder, I., 2009. Linking bird, carabid beetle and butterfly life-history traits to habitat fragmentation in mosaic landscapes. Ecography, 32:321-333. van Halder, I., Barbaro, L., Corcket, E. and Jactel, H., 2008. Importance of semi-natural habitats for the conservation of butterfly communities in landscapes dominated by pine plantations. Biodiversity and Conservation. 2008, 17 (5): 1149-1169. Communications orales : van Halder I., Jactel H., Barbaro L. 2015. Conserving butterflies in plantation forest landscapes: role of local and landscape factors. ICCB: 27th International Congress for Conservation Biology / 4th European Congress for Conservation Biology, August 2-6 2015, Montpellier, France. van Halder I., Barnagaud J.Y., Jactel H., Barbaro L. 2014. Effets des îlots de feuillus sur les assemblages de papillons de jour dans un paysage de plantation de pins. 7èmes Journées françaises de l'Ecologie du Paysage, Dijon, IALE France, 27-30 octobre 2014. van Halder I., Barbaro L., Jactel H. 2013. Effet de la taille, l’isolation et la qualité des îlots de feuillus sur les cortèges de papillons de jour. 7èmes Rencontres du Groupe des Entomologistes Forestiers Francophones, Brens, 22-24 octobre 2013. van Halder I., Barbaro L., Jactel H. 2012. Conserving butterflies in plantation forests. International Butterfly Congress, Future of Butterflies in Europe III, Wageningen, Pays-Bas, Mars 2012. Barbaro L., van Halder I., Vetillard F., Nezan J. 2008. Life-history traits indicate bird, beetle and butterfly responses to landscape fragmentation in plantation forests. IUFRO Conference, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada, 4-9 aout 2008 van Halder I., Barbaro L., Jactel H. 2008. Quel est l’intérêt d’échantillonner les lisières pour évaluer la diversité des papillons de jour en forêt de plantation ? 3èmes Rencontres du Groupe des Entomologistes Forestiers Francophones, Bedoin, 27 mars 2008. van Halder I., Jactel H., Barbaro L., Corcket E., Vetillard F. 2006. Towards indirect, management oriented indicators for biodiversity in plantation forests. IUFRO Conference, Indicators for sustainable forest management in cultivated forests, Porto, 11-13 December 2006. van Halder I., Barbaro L., Corcket E., Jactel H. 2006. Butterfly diversity in pine plantation landscapes. IUFRO Conference, Ecosystem goods and services from planted forests, Bilbao, October 2006. 6 Barbaro L., Dupuich M., Corcket E., van Halder I., Witte I., Burlett R., Vetillard F., Brunet Y. 2005. Approche multi-taxa des relations microclimat-biodiversité en forêt de plantation. Colloque ECCO, Programme National coordonné ANR, 5-7 Dec. 2005, Météo France, Toulouse, France. van Halder I., Barbaro L., Lugot A., Jactel H. 2005. Butterfly community structure in maritime pine plantation landscapes. IUFRO Conference, Biodiversity and conservation biology in plantation forests, 26-29 April 2005, Bordeaux, France. 7 Contenu 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 11 1.1. Global biodiversity loss ...................................................................................................... 13 1.2. From the patch to the landscape level ............................................................................... 15 1.3. Concepts in landscape ecology .......................................................................................... 16 1.3.1. Starting point: the Island Biogeography Theory .......................................................... 16 1.3.2. Metapopulation models ............................................................................................. 17 1.3.3. Species-Area Relationships and the SLOSS-discussion
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