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Implementation of Smart Card Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) Technology in Small Transit Agencies for Standards Development

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Implementation of Smart Card Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) Technology in Small Transit Agencies for Standards Development Transit IDEA Program Implementation of Smart Card Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) Technology in Small Transit Agencies for Standards Development Final Report for Transit IDEA Project 79 Prepared by: Walter E. Allen and Robert D. Murray Acumen Building Enterprise, Inc. September 2016 Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) Programs Managed by the Transportation Research Board This IDEA project was funded by the Transit IDEA Program. The TRB currently manages the following three IDEA programs: The NCHRP IDEA Program, which focuses on advances in the design, construction, and maintenance of highway systems, is funded by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) as part of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). The Safety IDEA Program currently focuses on innovative approaches for improving railroad safety or performance. The program is currently funded by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The program was previously jointly funded by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) and the FRA. The Transit IDEA Program, which supports development and testing of innovative concepts and methods for advancing transit practice, is funded by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) as part of the Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP). Management of the three IDEA programs is coordinated to promote the development and testing of innovative concepts, methods, and technologies. For information on the IDEA programs, check the IDEA website (www.trb.org/idea). For questions, contact the IDEA programs office by telephone at (202) 334-3310. IDEA Programs Transportation Research Board 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 The project that is the subject of this contractor-authored report was a part of the Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) Programs, which are managed by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) with the approval of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The members of the oversight committee that monitored the project and reviewed the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. The views expressed in this report are those of the contractor who conducted the investigation documented in this report and do not necessarily reflect those of the Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; or the sponsors of the IDEA Programs. The Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; and the organizations that sponsor the IDEA Programs do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the investigation. Implementation of Smart Card Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) Technology in Small Transit Agencies for Standards Development TRANSIT IDEA 79 Project Final Report Prepared for the IDEA Program Transportation Research Board National Academy of Sciences Prepared by Walter E. Allen Robert D. Murray Acumen Building Enterprise, Inc. Oakland, CA September 2016 TRANSIT IDEA PROGRAM COMMITTEE IDEA PROGRAMS STAFF CHAIR STEPHEN R. GODWIN, Director for Studies and JOHN FAYOS Special Programs Critical Link JON M. WILLIAMS, Program Director, IDEA and Synthesis Studies MEMBERS JO ALLEN GAUSE, Senior Program Officer MELVIN CLARK DEMISHA WILLIAMS, Senior Program Assistant Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority JAKE MERRILL EXPERT REVIEW PANEL TRANSIT IDEA PROJECT 79 Sands Capital Management ANGELA K. MILLER KATHERINE F.TURNBALL, Texas A&M University Cubic Transportation Systems MARTIN SCHROEDER, American Public Transport. DAVID SPRINGSTEAD THOMAS PARKER, Infineon Technologies Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit SHELLY KREGER, YCIPTA Authority STEPHEN M. STARK MTA New York City Transit DAVID THURSTON ATKINS JOHN C. TOONE King County Metro PATRICIA A. WEAVER University of Kansas FTA LIAISON ROY WEI SHUN CHEN Federal Transit Administration APTA LIAISON LOUIS F. SANDERS American Public Transportation Association OTHER LIAISON GEORGIA M. HARRIGAN Transportation Centers of Excellence BRUCE LOURYK Federal Emergency Management Agency TRB LIAISON JAMES W. BRYANT, JR. Transportation Research Board 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1 INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT....................................................................................................................... 3 2 THE IDEA ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 3 APPROACH .................................................................................................................................................... 5 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 UNDERSTANDING THE APTA CONTACTLESS FARE MEDIA STANDARD ................................... 5 YCIPTA SMART CARD SYSTEM ............................................................................................................... 5 ACUMEN CFMS ARCHITECTURE FOR YCIPTA .................................................................................. 6 REFORMAT EXISTING YCAT SMART CARD ........................................................................................ 8 ACUFARE 200 CARD READER ................................................................................................................... 8 YCAT CARD MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................................... 8 ACUMEN HOST PROCESSING CENTER ................................................................................................. 8 Communications Interface Modifications .............................................................................................. 9 Add APTA CFMS Regional Central System and Agency Central System ......................................... 9 Add Purchasing Product with Payment Card ........................................................................................ 9 Smart Card Loading Terminology ........................................................................................................ 10 Acumen Smart Card Loading Implementation ................................................................................... 11 Add Website to Access Payment Processor .......................................................................................... 11 Add Link from YCAT Website to Acumen Website ........................................................................... 12 PILOT OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................... 12 Completion of Pilot Operation .............................................................................................................. 12 LESSONS LEARNED......................................................................................................................................... 133 IMPLEMENTATION LESSONS ................................................................................................................. 13 Cost Containment, Debit Card Implementation .................................................................................. 13 Original Design Used Data Cables ........................................................................................................ 13 Banking Gateway—eBay Card Format Transition ............................................................................. 13 Coexistence of Different Data Structures ............................................................................................. 13 PROCEDURAL LESSONS......................................................................................................................... 144 Pilot Duration Limitations ..................................................................................................................... 14 Agency Understanding of Functionality ............................................................................................... 14 Maintenance ............................................................................................................................................ 14 Passenger Training and Awareness ...................................................................................................... 14 Limited Agency Staff .............................................................................................................................. 14 TECHNOLOGY LESSONS .......................................................................................................................... 15 APTA Contactless Fare Media Standard ............................................................................................. 15 APTA CFMS Data Communication Structures ................................................................................... 15 Business Rules ......................................................................................................................................... 15 CFMS Consistency Among Parts .........................................................................................................
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