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Calostemma Abdicatum (Amaryllidacaeae), a New Species of Garland Lily Endemic to the Everard Ranges, and a Comparison of the Three Species Within Calostemma R.Br

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Calostemma Abdicatum (Amaryllidacaeae), a New Species of Garland Lily Endemic to the Everard Ranges, and a Comparison of the Three Species Within Calostemma R.Br JOURNAL of the ADELAIDE BOTANIC GARDENS AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FOR AUSTRALIAN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY flora.sa.gov.au/jabg Published by the STATE HERBARIUM OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on behalf of the BOARD OF THE BOTANIC GARDENS AND STATE HERBARIUM © Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Adelaide, South Australia © Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Government of South Australia All rights reserved State Herbarium of South Australia PO Box 2732 Kent Town SA 5071 Australia © 2008 Board of the Botanic Gardens & State Herbarium, Government of South Australia J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 22 (2008) 47–56 © 2008 Department for Environment & Heritage, Government of South Australia Calostemma abdicatum (Amaryllidacaeae), a new species of Garland Lily endemic to the Everard Ranges, and a comparison of the three species within Calostemma R.Br. P.J. Lang Bioknowledge SA, Information, Science & Technology, Department of Environment and Heritage, G.P.O. Box 1047, Adelaide, South Australia 5001 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new rare arid zone species, Calostemma abdicatum, is described from central Australia. It has hitherto been treated as a north-western outlier of either of its two congeners, C. purpureum and C. luteum. Morphological measurements support the retention of these as separate species and demonstrate the distinctiveness of the new species. Despite the absence of a staminal corona, C. abdicatum is placed in Calostemma and the description of the genus is amended. Notes on habitat, ecology and conservation status are included. Introduction that “variation in the genus requires investigation” and that C. luteum was “possibly only a colour variant of C. Calostemma R.Br. is a genus of bulbous, seasonally purpureum, though mostly larger in its parts”. nacresent and renascent, perennial geophytes, endemic One area where assigning material to either species in southern and eastern Australia. The genus was seemed particularly unworkable was the Everard Ranges established by Robert Brown (1810) based on his in northern South Australia, an outlying occurrence Australian collections and comprised two species: at the western limit for the genus. The two herbarium Calostemma album R.Br. from Australia’s north coast, collections from this area, the first made in 1950 (J.B. and C. purpureum R.Br. from the south coast. The Cleland s.n., AD968051052), the second in 1983 (R. former species is now regarded as belonging in the Bates 2920), had been variously determined. Jessop allied genus Proiphys Herb., distributed from Southeast (1978, p. 363) referred to a specimen from the Everard Asia to north-eastern Australia. Ranges that shared characters of both species and noted A similar plant with yellow flowers was described that it “would be a unique collection for C. purpureum by Sims (1819) from cultivated material as a third which is not otherwise known from within 600 km of species, Calostemma luteum Sims. Bentham (1873) in this locality.” For the Flora of Central Australia, Jessop his Flora Australiensis treatment recognised all three (1981) recorded C. purpureum as uncertain for the species but suggested that C. luteum might only be a Northwestern Region presumably based on the single variety of C. purpureum and also noted the affinity of collection by Cleland. In the Flora of South Australia, Calostemma album with the tropical genus Eurycles Jessop (1986, p. 1778) was more equivocal, omitting Salisb. ex Schult. & Schult.f., describing it as “a the Northwestern Region listing altogether and noting remarkable species with flowers of Calostemma and the under C. purpureum that “two specimens from the NW [petiolate] leaves of Eurycles” (Bentham 1873, p. 458). resemble this species in colour, but in size and shape Eventually Mueller (1889) transferred the latter species of the flower resemble C. luteum”. Subsequently, in to Eurycles. More recently it was published as the new the South Australian plant census Jessop (1993) gave combination Proiphys alba (R.Br.) Mabb. by Mabberley a definite NW listing for C. purpureum. In 2000, both (1980), based on priority of the generic name Proiphys collections at AD were redetermined by H. Vonow as over Eurycles. C. luteum, and this has been the view projected by Calostemma has mostly been recognised as Australia’s Virtual Herbarium (CHAH 2004). comprising the two species, C. purpureum R.Br. and The Everard Ranges Calostemma was collected in C. luteum Sims, although some botanists have regarded May 2000 during the Biological Survey of the Anangu the latter as taxonomically indistinct and treated it as a Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY) Lands and its synonym of the former (e.g., Cunningham et al. 1992). significance as a probable new and distinct taxon was Intermediate forms with a variety of colour combinations described in the survey report (Lang et al. 2003, pp. are well known (Clark & Parsons 1994, Gibson 2002), 82–83, 442). This paper presents the results of further especially in populations along the River Murray. investigation of the Everard Range plants and their Telford (1987, p. 383) accepted both species, but noted relationship to existing species. 47 P.J. Lang J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 22 (2008) Fig. 1. Comparison of inflorescence ofCalostemma abdicatum (left; P.J.Lang BSOP-762) and C. purpureum (right; P.J.Lang BSOP-755). Note erect bilobed spathe bract on C. abdicatum. Methods single collection for C. purpureum in the protologue – a reference to his 1802 gathering of a purple-flowered lily A field trip to the Everard Ranges was undertaken originally labelled as Pancratium purpureum from near in March 2004 to augment the small sample provided Mount Brown in the southern Flinders Ranges, South by existing herbarium specimens and to make field Australia (Barker 2007)1. observations of populations. Additional material of the new species was obtained from plants cultivated ex situ The generic description of Telford (1987) is amended as from wild-collected bulbs. follows (additional characters emphasised in bold): Comparative measurements of morphological Perennial herbs with subglobose tunicated bulbs. Leaves characters were made using a ruler, callipers and a radical, linear, annual, elongating after flowering; binocular microscope graticule and included both venation parallel. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, fresh and dried pressed material for each of the three pedicellate, usually purple, pink, yellow, rarely white, Calostemma species. All herbarium material examined fragrant, in scapose umbels; spathes 1 to 3, narrowly is deposited at AD. Measurements were made for ovate. Perianth funnel-shaped; segments connate at all collections cited in the taxonomic section but the base; lobes 6, obovate, mucronate, slightly spreading. characters that could be scored (and the resultant Stamens 6, inserted into throat of perianth tube, the sample size) varied according to which organs were lower parts of filaments expanded and united into a present in a suitable condition. Being soft and succulent, corona, or free; corona, when present, truncate or lobed Calostemma specimens press poorly and they also between the free parts of filaments; anthers versatile, fragment readily when dry, and as a result much material dehiscing longitudinally, introrse. Ovary inferior, was unsuitable. Measurements for each collection were globose, 1-locular; placentation parietal; ovules 2; style averaged and used to generate scatterplots for character 1; stigma small. Fruit subglobose, 1-‘seeded’, rupturing pairs of interest using Microsoft Excel. irregularly as ‘seed’ enlarges. ‘Seeds’ large, globose to Taxonomy ovoid, firm, succulent, smooth, green, non-dormant. 1 Until Telford’s designation as “Type” in 1987, no lectotype Calostemma R.Br. species had been chosen from Brown’s two syntype species Prodr. 297 (1810). — Type: Calostemma purpureum (International Code of Biological Nomenclature, Art. 7.11). R.Br. was designated as the type species of Calostemma Telford’s choice of Calostemma purpureum over C. album. in the Flora of Australia treatment by Telford (1987). (now Proiphys alba) is in accordance with the Code’s Recommendation 9A.5 and preserves current usage of the The type material is constrained by Brown’s citation of a genus Calostemma. 48 J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 22 (2008) Calostemma abdicatum (Amaryllidaceae) Fig. 2. Calostemma abdicatum. Bulbs. J.Bice, N.Dodd & A.Robin s.n., 9.iv.2003. Fig. 4. C. abdicatum. Vegetative plants showing remains of sheathing Fig. 3. C. abdicatum. Fruit (the uppermost partially peeled away to leaf bases between the bulb and bases of laminae which emerge at reveal the pseudoseed. P.J.Lang & P.D.Canty BSOP-904. the ground surface. J.Bice et al. s.n., 9.iv.2003. Key to species Herbaceous perennial geophyte renascent from a 1. Staminal corona absent; spathe bract usually solitary . spheroidal bulb. Leaves several per bulb, produced . 1. Calostemma abdicatum after flowers, seasonally senescent, withering to ground 1: Staminal corona present; spathe bracts two or more . 2 level, radical with sheathing bases, non-petiolate, erect, 2. Perianth 18–31 mm long, with yellow coloration; spathe linear, 0.3–0.7 m long and 7–18 mm wide, flat to gently bracts two . 2. C. luteum channelled, fleshy, slightly glaucous and mid-green 2: Perianth 11–19 mm long, without yellow coloration; spathe 2 bracts three . 3. C. purpureum (137 C ) to strongly glaucous and pale grey-green (138 C) sometimes with a purplish tinge, often reddish near 1. Calostemma abdicatum P.J.Lang, sp. nov.
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