A Level Music Technology
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Producing an a Cappella CD and Development of a Pitch Detection Program
A Guide to Producing An A Cappella CD and Development of a Pitch Detection Program A Senior Project submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the Bachelor of Arts Degree in Liberal Arts and Engineering Studies By Jacob Ray Stringfellow Liberal Arts and Engineering Studies Department College of Engineering California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo Spring Quarter, 2012 Abstract An in-depth look at the steps required to produce a CD for an a cappella group. From what microphone and preamplifiers to use, to what steps to take during the editing, mixing, and mastering processes. Finished with a look at pitch detection algorithms and how they work, and a little bit of experimentation with my own algorithm and program. 1. Introduction We live in a world that is filled with music. This music comes in different varieties ranging from hip-hop and rap to country and classical. One genre of music that seems to be on the rise now a day is that of a cappella, or singing without instruments. With shows such as America’s Got Talent showcasing collegiate a cappella groups, and shows like the Sing Off that focus on a cappella singing, it seems that collegiate a cappella groups are reaching a peak in popularity. With a cappella groups being formed, and music being performed, there is also a rising demand to record their music. This presents an interesting challenge. Getting your a cappella group’s song recorded professionally can be costly, and on college student budgets it can be hard to afford. That being said, I suggest that there is a solution to this problem. -
Sound FX Unlocking the Creative Potential of Recording Studio Effects
Sound FX Unlocking the Creative Potential of Recording Studio Effects Alexander U. Case AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Focal Press is an Imprint of Elsevier FFM-K52032.inddM-K52032.indd iiiiii 55/30/2007/30/2007 110:25:100:25:10 AAMM FFM-K52032.inddM-K52032.indd iivv 55/30/2007/30/2007 110:25:100:25:10 AAMM For Dolores and Joe who taught me how to learn and showed me I could teach. FFM-K52032.inddM-K52032.indd v 55/30/2007/30/2007 110:25:100:25:10 AAMM FFM-K52032.inddM-K52032.indd vvii 55/30/2007/30/2007 110:25:100:25:10 AAMM Contents Acknowledgements xv Introduction xix Section 1: Sound — Signals, Systems, and Sensation 1 Chapter 1: Audio Waveform 3 1.1 Medium 3 1.2 Amplitude versus Time 4 1.2.1 Amplitude Confusions 6 1.2.2 Time Implications 8 1.3 Amplitude versus Distance 9 1.4 Amplitude versus Frequency 10 1.5 Complex Waves 12 1.5.1 Square Waves 15 1.5.2 Sawtooth Waves 16 1.5.3 Triangle Waves 19 1.6 Decibel 19 1.6.1 Logarithm 21 1.6.2 Ratios 24 1.6.3 References 29 1.6.4 Zero Decibels 31 1.6.5 Negative Decibels 32 1.7 Dynamic Range 32 1.8 Sound Misconceptions 35 1.8.1 Mistaking the Message for the Medium 35 1.8.2 Don’t Picture These Sketches 35 Chapter 2: Signal Flow 39 2.1 Types of Sessions 39 2.1.1 Basics 40 2.1.2 Overdubs 42 2.1.3 Mixdown 45 2.1.4 Live to Two 46 2.2 Console Signal Flow 47 2.2.1 Channel Path 48 vii FFM-K52032.inddM-K52032.indd vviiii 55/30/2007/30/2007 110:25:100:25:10 AAMM Contents 2.2.2 Monitor Path 48 2.2.3 Split Console -
Cunard Announces Grammy® Award Artist Gregory Porter to Headline Blue Note "Jazz at Sea" Transatlantic Crossing October 25, 2016
Cunard Announces Grammy® Award Artist Gregory Porter to Headline Blue Note "Jazz at Sea" Transatlantic Crossing October 25, 2016 November 18, 2015 SOUTHAMPTON, England, Nov. 18, 2015 /PRNewswire/ -- On the heels of Queen Mary 2's first-ever "Jazz at Sea" Transatlantic Crossing with Blue Note Records, Cunard is delighted to announce that Grammy® Award-winning singer and songwriter, Gregory Porter, will be headlining the third Blue Note jazz-themed Transatlantic Crossing on October 25, 2016. Porter delighted fans with his powerhouse performances in the Royal Court Theatre during the first, October 29 Jazz at Sea Crossing. During the voyage, Porter spoke about Queen Mary 2's intimate venues and about how the rhythm of water inspires his music. Described by The New York Times as "a jazz singer of thrilling presence, a booming baritone with a gift for earthy refinement and soaring uplift," Porter signed to Blue Note Records in 2013 and recently took home his second Jazz FM award for "International Jazz Artist of the Year." Porter is widely known for his third studio album, Liquid Spirit, which won the 2014 Grammy for Best Jazz Vocal Album and reached top 10 on the UK album chart. "Having sailed across the Atlantic with Cunard for the first time, I realize what a unique and exciting travel experience the transatlantic crossing was and I'm thrilled to headline one of the Jazz at Sea voyages next year," said Gregory Porter. "It was inspiring to be on board Queen Mary 2 with some of the greatest minds and musicians in jazz and to meet music fans from around the world." Cunard and Blue Note Records' first "Jazz at Sea" Transatlantic Crossing included intimate performances by a star-studded roster of fellow Blue Note musicians, featuring: Grammy® Award-winning jazz pianist and record producer Robert Glasper, acclaimed trumpet player Keyon Harrold, tenor saxophonist Marcus Strickland, guitarist Lionel Loueke, bassist Derrick Hodge and drummer Kendrick Scott. -
21065L Audio Tutorial
a Using The Low-Cost, High Performance ADSP-21065L Digital Signal Processor For Digital Audio Applications Revision 1.0 - 12/4/98 dB +12 0 -12 Left Right Left EQ Right EQ Pan L R L R L R L R L R L R L R L R 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mic High Line L R Mid Play Back Bass CNTR 0 0 3 4 Input Gain P F R Master Vol. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Authors: John Tomarakos Dan Ledger Analog Devices DSP Applications 1 Using The Low Cost, High Performance ADSP-21065L Digital Signal Processor For Digital Audio Applications Dan Ledger and John Tomarakos DSP Applications Group, Analog Devices, Norwood, MA 02062, USA This document examines desirable DSP features to consider for implementation of real time audio applications, and also offers programming techniques to create DSP algorithms found in today's professional and consumer audio equipment. Part One will begin with a discussion of important audio processor-specific characteristics such as speed, cost, data word length, floating-point vs. fixed-point arithmetic, double-precision vs. single-precision data, I/O capabilities, and dynamic range/SNR capabilities. Comparisions between DSP's and audio decoders that are targeted for consumer/professional audio applications will be shown. Part Two will cover example algorithmic building blocks that can be used to implement many DSP audio algorithms using the ADSP-21065L including: Basic audio signal manipulation, filtering/digital parametric equalization, digital audio effects and sound synthesis techniques. TABLE OF CONTENTS 0. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................4 1. -
TA-1VP Vocal Processor
D01141720C TA-1VP Vocal Processor OWNER'S MANUAL IMPORTANT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ªª For European Customers CE Marking Information a) Applicable electromagnetic environment: E4 b) Peak inrush current: 5 A CAUTION: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT REMOVE COVER (OR BACK). NO USER- Disposal of electrical and electronic equipment SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE. REFER SERVICING TO (a) All electrical and electronic equipment should be QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL. disposed of separately from the municipal waste stream via collection facilities designated by the government or local authorities. The lightning flash with arrowhead symbol, within equilateral triangle, is intended to (b) By disposing of electrical and electronic equipment alert the user to the presence of uninsulated correctly, you will help save valuable resources and “dangerous voltage” within the product’s prevent any potential negative effects on human enclosure that may be of sufficient health and the environment. magnitude to constitute a risk of electric (c) Improper disposal of waste electrical and electronic shock to persons. equipment can have serious effects on the The exclamation point within an equilateral environment and human health because of the triangle is intended to alert the user to presence of hazardous substances in the equipment. the presence of important operating and (d) The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) maintenance (servicing) instructions in the literature accompanying the appliance. symbol, which shows a wheeled bin that has been crossed out, indicates that electrical and electronic equipment must be collected and disposed of WARNING: TO PREVENT FIRE OR SHOCK separately from household waste. HAZARD, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS APPLIANCE TO RAIN OR MOISTURE. -
88-Page Mega Version 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010
The Gift Guide YEAR-LONG, ALL OCCCASION GIFT IDEAS! 88-PAGE MEGA VERSION 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 COMBINED jazz & blues report jazz-blues.com The Gift Guide YEAR-LONG, ALL OCCCASION GIFT IDEAS! INDEX 2017 Gift Guide •••••• 3 2016 Gift Guide •••••• 9 2015 Gift Guide •••••• 25 2014 Gift Guide •••••• 44 2013 Gift Guide •••••• 54 2012 Gift Guide •••••• 60 2011 Gift Guide •••••• 68 2010 Gift Guide •••••• 83 jazz &blues report jazz & blues report jazz-blues.com 2017 Gift Guide While our annual Gift Guide appears every year at this time, the gift ideas covered are in no way just to be thought of as holiday gifts only. Obviously, these items would be a good gift idea for any occasion year-round, as well as a gift for yourself! We do not include many, if any at all, single CDs in the guide. Most everything contained will be multiple CD sets, DVDs, CD/DVD sets, books and the like. Of course, you can always look though our back issues to see what came out in 2017 (and prior years), but none of us would want to attempt to decide which CDs would be a fitting ad- dition to this guide. As with 2016, the year 2017 was a bit on the lean side as far as reviews go of box sets, books and DVDs - it appears tht the days of mass quantities of boxed sets are over - but we do have some to check out. These are in no particular order in terms of importance or release dates. -
GRAMOFON 2014. Tavasz Jazz
INTERJÚK, BÔSÉGES KONCERT- ÉS FESZTIVÁLKÍNÁLAT, LEMEZKRITIKÁK, ZENEKARI KÖRKÉP Művészettekek PPaloalotája Klasszikus és Jazz Roger Murarroo ((zozongoora)ra) 2014–2015. TÉL Valérie Harttmann-mann-Cllaveraverie (ondes Marrtenot)tenot) Vezényel Fischeerr IIváván 2014–2015. TÉL LOVE SONG GRAMOFON • 2014–2015. TÉL FRICSAY FERENC 100 Egy rövid élet lenyomata BABOS GYULA Gramofon-díj és Makrokozmosz-koncert CSÍK JÁNOS AZ IGAZI NÉPMÛVÉSZETRÔL A táncháztól a Kispál és a Borzig XIX. ÉVFOLYAM 4. SZÁM ÁRA: MEDVECZKY ÁDÁM 900 Ft bfz_muraro_200x282mm.indd 1 2014.11.18. 13:42 Élmény! Minden tekintetben. BÉRLETEK KARÁCSONYI ORGONAKONCERT In dulci jubilo 2015 Hans-Ola Ericson estje 2014. december 18. / 19.30 ZENE KARNYÚJTÁSNYIRA KARÁCSONYI HANGVERSENY J. S. Bach: Karácsonyi oratórium 2014. december 20. / 19.30 Peter Harvey Annette Dasch © Daniel Pasche ÚJÉVI HANGVERSENY Haydn: A teremtés 2015. január 1. / 19.00 mupa.hu ZENEAKADEMIA.HU/BERLETEK Stratégiai partnereink Stratégiai médiapartnereink A Müpa támogatója az Emberi Erőforrások Minisztériuma Emberi Erőforrások Minisztériuma Jegyek kaphatók a Müpa jegypénztáraiban, valamint online a www.mupa.hu oldalon. További információ: +36 1 555 3300, +36 1 555 3310 ISO 9001:2000 TÉLI PROGRAMOK Mûvészeti vezetô: OHJGÍ;HO@NODAIÍCKossuth-díjas, kiváló mûvész Magyar Nemzeti Táncegyüttes (volt Honvéd Táncszínház) 2014. DECEMBER Szerda 18 óra A TENKES KAPITÁNYA — ifjúsági eloadás Kecskemét, Kulturális és Konferencia Központ 2015. JANUÁR Péntek 16.30 óra LÚDAS MATYI — mesejáték Kecskemét, Kulturális és Konferencia Központ Kedd 19 óra NAPSZÉDÍTO / PÁVA-VARIÁCIÓK — táncköltemény Mûvészetek Palotája, Fesztivál Színház Péntek 19 óra SÍRNAK A HARANGOK… Emlékezés az I. világháborúra ;di/K{gVY^AZkZciZ Várkert Bazár A HONVÉD FÉRFIKAR FELLÉPÉSEI 2014. DECEMBER Kedd 19 óra ELFELEDETT REMEKMUVEK — hangverseny-bérlet MTA Díszterem KZocnZa/Strausz Kálmán 19 óra , / , 1 A BUVÖS VADÁSZ Erkel Színház , 3 ) ' - , ) ' OZcZhoZgo/ Carl Maria von Weber @VgbZhiZg : Halász Péter I GZcYZo: Zsótér Sándor - 1 ) ' - 3 ) 6BV\nVgÍaaVb^DeZgV]{oegdYj`X^_V# 2015. -
SZEDER-SZABÓ KRISZTINA Új Hang a Világzenében
MOZART INTERJÚK, BÔSÉGES KONCERT- ÉS FESZTIVÁLKÍNÁLAT, LEMEZKRITIKÁK, ZENEKARI KÖRKÉP A VARÁZSFUVOLA Klasszikus és Jazz 2015. TAVASZ eri Errőforrások Minisztériuma 2015. TAVASZ MÁRCIUS 07./09./11. MŰVÉSZETEK PALOTÁJA BUDAPESTI FESZTIVÁLZENEKAR RENDEZŐ ÉS KARMESTER: FISCHER IVÁN WWW.BFZ.HU WWW.MUPA.HU GRAMOFON • 2015. TAVASZ WAGNER ÉS A MAGYAROK Egy különös kapcsolat krónikája RIVKA GOLANI Brácsamûvész és emberjogi harcos SZEDER-SZABÓ KRISZTINA Új hang a világzenében XX. ÉVFOLYAM 1. SZÁM ÁRA: DRESCH MIHÁLY 900 Ft BFZ_MVF_200x282mm.indd 1 2015.02.20. 12:14 tavaszi programok © JIMMY KATZ Mûvészeti vezetô: OHJGÍ;HO@NODAIÍCKossuth-díjas, kiváló mûvész Magyar Nemzeti Táncegyüttes (volt Honvéd Táncszínház) 2015. MÁRCIUS ZENEAKADEMIA.HU Vasárnap 15 ÓRA +,) A TENKES KAPITÁNYA — ifjúsági eloadás Mûvészetek Palotája, Fesztivál Színház Szerda 19 ÓRA ,,) NAPSZÉDÍTO / PÁVA-VARIÁCIÓK — táncköltemény Mûvészetek Palotája, Fesztivál Színház + . ) ' KÖRHINTA -,)' ;dg\Vi`cnkg"YgVbVijg\/K^cXoZOhjohV>I{ghgZcYZo"`dgZd\g{[jh/Ohjg{[ho`nOdai{c GZcYZo/K^Ycn{cho`n6ii^aV - - Nemzeti Színház -/) 2015. ÁPRILIS Csütörtök 10.30 és 15 óra ZENEAKADÉMIA +4) TÜNDÉRMESE — mesejáték Marczi Közösségi Tér SOLTI TEREM HÉTFO 19 ÓRA ,.) KALOTASZEG — Élo Martin Archívum MOM Kulturális Központ + . ) ' KÖRHINTA JAZZ ITT! ;dg\Vi`cnkg"YgVbVijg\/K^cXoZOhjohV>I{ghgZcYZo"`dgZd\g{[jh/Ohjg{[ho`nOdai{c ;di/K{gVY^AZkZciZ ,GZcYZo/K^Ycn{cho`n6ii^aV+)' - 2 ) Nemzeti Színház Anat Cohen A HONVÉD FÉRFIKAR FELLÉPÉSEI Quartet 2015. MÁRCIUS Erkel Ferenc: Paul Claudel—Arthur Honegger: +/ , + BÁNK BÁN +2)' JOHANNA A MÁGLYÁN Anat Cohen (klarinét) @VgbZhiZg/BZYkZXo`nÍY{b KZocnZa/@dXh{g7Va{oh$HigVjho@{ab{c ,GZcYZo/@{Za8hVWV/ '-- ,-)'-0) GZcYZo/K^Ycn{cho`n6ii^aV Jason Lindner (zongora) Magyar Állami Operaház Nemzeti Színház Joe Martin (basszusgitár) 2015 ÁPRILIS Donald Kotomanou (dob) Guiseppe Verdi: AIDA Kedd 19 ÓRA + / ) ' + 3 ) ' @VgbZhiZg/@ZhhZan{`<Zg\Zan -,) Operagála GZcYZo/Bd]{Xh^?{cdh a Honvéd Férfikarral , +)',-)'Erkel Színház hangverseny-bérlet KZocnZa/HigVjho@{ab{c 2015.05.28. -
A History of Audio Effects
applied sciences Review A History of Audio Effects Thomas Wilmering 1,∗ , David Moffat 2 , Alessia Milo 1 and Mark B. Sandler 1 1 Centre for Digital Music, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (M.B.S.) 2 Interdisciplinary Centre for Computer Music Research, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 December 2019; Accepted: 13 January 2020; Published: 22 January 2020 Abstract: Audio effects are an essential tool that the field of music production relies upon. The ability to intentionally manipulate and modify a piece of sound has opened up considerable opportunities for music making. The evolution of technology has often driven new audio tools and effects, from early architectural acoustics through electromechanical and electronic devices to the digitisation of music production studios. Throughout time, music has constantly borrowed ideas and technological advancements from all other fields and contributed back to the innovative technology. This is defined as transsectorial innovation and fundamentally underpins the technological developments of audio effects. The development and evolution of audio effect technology is discussed, highlighting major technical breakthroughs and the impact of available audio effects. Keywords: audio effects; history; transsectorial innovation; technology; audio processing; music production 1. Introduction In this article, we describe the history of audio effects with regards to musical composition (music performance and production). We define audio effects as the controlled transformation of a sound typically based on some control parameters. As such, the term sound transformation can be considered synonymous with audio effect. -
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1 CONTENTS Introduction 2 Writing & Recording Like A Pro 4 Write Around The Vocals 5 Production Perfection 5 Start With The Lead 6 Harmonies, Adlibs & More! 7 The Recording Session 8 Getting the Best Sound 9 Focus on the Pitch 11 Editing Vocals 12 Vocal Tuning 13 Pocket Your Timing 14 Pay Attention 15 The Vocal Producer’s Toolbox 16 Clippers 17 Using A Clipper 17 Why Clipping Plugins Work 18 Taking Your Clipping A Step Further 19 Vocal Compressors 20 Defining Distortion 21 “Why Don’t I Hear It?” 21 Adding Good Distortion 22 Adding Distortion To Your Mix 23 Distorted Terminology 24 Reverbs 24 Picking The Right Reverb 25 Delays 26 Adding Ambience to Your Vocals 27 Blend with the Mix Knob 27 More Repeats 28 Feedback 28 Spatial Wideners 29 Wider Vocals for More Presence 30 Automating Your Widener 31 Finding The Sweet Spot 31 Don’t Spread It Thin 31 Beyond The Bypass 32 Vocal Bus Compression 33 Printing Vocal Stems 34 Why Print Stems? 35 Printing Standard Stems 36 Printing Vocal Stems 37 Going The Extra Mile 38 Conclusion 39 1 INTRODUCTION If you’re someone who struggles with vocal production, this guide should put many of your worries at ease. Many producers and engineers seem to share the mindset that vocals are a type of instrument that’s just too tough to tame. For many of those music professionals, that means burying the most important element of their song; hiding the most human element behind the parts of their mix they’re more confident about. -
An Evening with Gregory Porter
presents An Evening with Gregory Porter Gregory Porter vocals Chip Crawford piano Emanuel Harrold drums Tivon Pennicott tenor saxophone Jahmal Nichols bass Ondrej Pivec Hammond organ Post-performance discussion with Chip Crawford Funded in part by the Class of 1961 Legacy: The American Tradition in Performance Fund, the Bob Gatzert 1951 Jazz Series Fund for the Hopkins Center, Hopkins Center Members, and a Gift of Robert O. Wetzel ‘76 and Brenda Mainer Tue • February 13, 2018 • 7 pm Spaulding Auditorium • Dartmouth College Program This performance is presented without intermission. Selections will be announced from the stage. About the Artists Gregory Porter vocals says the influence of Nat King solo career thanks to his mellifluous baritone, poignant Cole on his life and music runs deep, a through line that originals and invigorating concerts—Porter dramatized reaches back into some of his earliest childhood his deep appreciation for Cole in a semi- memories, and culminates in the release of the two- autobiographical musical, Nat King Cole & Me, which time Grammy-winning vocalist’s stunning fifth studio premiered in 2004. album Nat King Cole & Me, a heartfelt tribute to the legendary singer, pianist and Capitol recording artist. “That musical was a way of me trying to find my father,” “He was one of a kind. He left such great music—such Porter explains. “I wrote it after my father [Rufus Porter] beautiful things to listen to that you can’t help but be had passed. The musical was of Nat King Cole; and half influenced by that extraordinary timbre, style and of the music was of my original writing. -
Gregory Porter Performing Live at Mesa Arts Center Sunday, November 5, 2017
Media Contact: Casey Blake 480-644-6620 [email protected] Gregory Porter Performing Live at Mesa Arts Center Sunday, November 5, 2017 Mesa, AZ (October 5, 2017) – Gregory Porter solidifies his standing as his generation’s most soulful jazz singer- songwriter with Take Me to the Alley, winner of the 2017 GRAMMY Award for Best Jazz Vocal Album, and the much- anticipated follow-up to his sensational 2013 Blue Note debut Liquid Spirit. Porter will perform live at Mesa Arts Center Sunday, November 5 at 7:30 p.m. Tickets are on sale now and available at the Mesa Arts Center box office, MesaArtsCenter.com and by calling 480-644-6500. In his career, Porter has demonstrated an innate ability to transcend genre and connect with audiences from all walks of life, and his new music reflects the singer’s continued and mindful growth as an artist and as a person amidst the constant touring demands that have resulted from tremendous international success. Liquid Spirit – which followed the critically-acclaimed and GRAMMY-nominated albums Water (2010) and Be Good (2012) – quickly grew into a global phenomenon, selling a million albums worldwide and becoming the most streamed jazz album of all-time with over 20 million streams. The album has sold Platinum in the U.K. and Germany, and Gold in France, The Netherlands, and Austria. In the U.S. Porter made his first-ever national TV appearances on The Tonight Show and Jimmy Kimmel Live while both ESQUIRE and NPR Music declared him “America’s Next Great Jazz Singer.” Liquid Spirit also won Porter his first GRAMMY Award in 2014 for Best Jazz Vocal Album while also earning him a Best Traditional R&B Performance nomination for his affecting ballad “Hey Laura.” In the Fall of 2015 Porter found the time to return to the studio in New York City to record Take Me To The Alley.