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- 0 AUGUST 2006 VOLUrViE'31, NO. 1
0 weih i4 0, • t 1.tit Focus !"ii ts k 'tie on' on Effective Interventions for N First Nations, • Métis afid Inuit • Offenders Contents LET'S TALK AUGUST 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 1
FEATURES MISS!ON
The CSC Mission - A ReneWèd • "= •1: Emphasis on Public Safety
Commissioner's Editorial 3 CSC's Aboriginal Initiatives 4 Focus on Effective Interventions for First Nations, Métis and Inuit Offenders 5
A Rendez-vous with Success 6 The Pathways Unit at La Macaza Institution — The Path to Personal Growth and Healing 8 Okimaw Ohci Healing Lodge — No Walls, No Wire, But I Will Never Run Away 10 Aboriginal Employment The CSC Mission Training Initiatives 12 A Renewed Emphasis Addressing Infectious Disease Issues for Aboriginal Offenders 13 on Public Safety 2005 Taylor Award Ceremony 15 Photo: Bill Rankin Moving Towards Purging the Paper Trail 15 he Minister of Public Safety, Stockwell Day, and Correctional Organizational Transition — Responding Service of Canada (CSC) Commissioner Keith Coulter recently to a More Diverse Inmate Population 16 Tsigned a revised version of CSC's Mission that reflects the A Problem That Hasn't Gone Away — government's emphasis on and CSC's contribution to public safety. Here Comes the Rain Again 17 "I was pleased to sign this revised Mission with the Minister," said Commissioner Coulter,"just before the Executive Development As Part of Strengthening Management Symposium, and 1 assure you that the fundamental elements of 13 Practices: New CSC Internal Communications Advisory Committee 18 our Mission remain unchanged and are fully supported by the new government." à Leadership Renewal 18 The revised wording is as follows: The Correctional Service of Canada, as part of the criminal justice system and respecting the rule of law, contributes to public safety by As You Aiwa Nismumw ? Êt. Van A litnake 7 actively encouraging and assisting offenders to become law-abiding Kumar ? citizens, while exercising reasonable, safe, secure and humane control. COVER
Jean Oakes, a highly respected Elder from the Nekaneet Reserve near Maple Creek in south- west Saskatchewan, counsels women offenders at the Okimaw Ohci Healing Lodge.
Inside this issue of Let's Talk you will read about the transformation in Aboriginal corrections that has occurred in recent years as the criminal justice system tries to narrow the gap between the rates of incarceration of Aboriginal people and mainstream offenders.
2 LET'S TALK-AUGUST 2006 VOLUME 31 , NO. 1 LET'S TALK is published by the Communications and Citizen Engagement Sector of the Correctional Service of Canada. Opinions expressed In the following articles do not necessarily reflect the views of the Commissioner.
• !*j. *2 L. 206 Assistant Commissioner Communications and Citizen Engagement Sector Lisa Hardey i'A1/2.4A (ONTARIO) Editor-in-Chief OP8 Daniela Rusu Production Martin Bélanger Focus on English Writing, Editing and Photography Bill Rankin Enhanced Writing, English/French Editing Djamila Amellal Capacities to English Writing Graham Chartier Provide Effective Inquiries Josée Deschambault Interventions for Translation Services Translation Bureau First Nations, Métis Graphic Design Accurate Design & Communication and Inuit Offenders Editorial Committee Nadine Archambault Marty Maltby his edition of Let's Talk offers a Cathy Barnes Julie McGregor window into the Service's work on areas. We have a series of targeted strategies Julie Foumier-Elrefaie Shereen Benzvy Miller providing enhanced capacities to Christina Guest Sandra Molineux T and plans to help meet our objectives; for Ellen Henderson Lucie Poliquin provide effective interventions for First instance, to help with safe transition to the Raymond Labelle Mary Beth Pongrac Nations, Métis, and Inuit offenders. As community, a plan is being developed and Jim Laplante Bill Staubi Ginette Leclerc Lisa Watson many readers know, this is one of CSC's piloted for an accelerated intake assessment Suzanne Leclerc five key priorities, and success in this area of offenders with short-term sentences. will also mean better results in our other Another example is the implementation of Contributors CSC's new community mental health strategy Travis Boone, Jodi McDonough, Jaimie Banks, four priority areas: safe transition of Alessandria Page, Trent Kane, Paul Provost, offenders into the community, safety and that addresses the mental health priority. Lisa Hardey security for staff and offenders in our To support our priority for safe and secure Articles may be reprinted in whole with the institutions, improved capacities to institutions, CSC is also implementing an permission of and credit to the Correctional enhanced drug interdiction plan to help Service of Canada. address mental health needs of offenders, and strengthened management practices. reduce illicit drugs in institutions. There will LET'S TALK welcomes letters to the editor, be more information on plans in support of suggestions for articles and contributions from readers. Material submitted may be edited for In this issue of Lees Talk, you'll find an this priority in the next edition of Let's Talk. style and length. Please include your electronic article on CSC's Aboriginal initiatives by All of these efforts are focused on achiev- mail address and a daytime telephone number. Senior Deputy Commissioner Don Head, ing the best possible public safety results. Address all correspondence to: I hope you enjoy learning more about our LET'S TALK /ENTRE Nous who I asked last fall to lead CSC's Aboriginal Initiatives in order for this important priority Aboriginal initiatives in this edition of Correctional Service of Canada Let's Talk and about the dedicated people 340 Laurier Avenue, West to benefit from his focus and strong leader- • Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0P9 ship. You'll also find other feature articles that who are behind these efforts. Telephone: 613-995-5364 highlight some of our key Aboriginal initia- Fax: 613-947-1184 www.csc-scc.gc.ca tives, and the employees and CSC partners ISSN 0715-285X who work diligently to make a difference and achieve real results in this area. © Correctional Service of Canada Keith Coulter August 2006 I am pleased with the progress we are Commissioner q5) Printed in Canada on recycled paper making to position the organization to achieve tangible results in all five priority Correctional Service of Canada Publications Mail agreement no.: 40063960 Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to: Correctional Service of Canada 340 Laurier Avenue West Ottawa, Ontario K1A OP9
AUGUST 2006 VOLUME 31, NO 1-LET 'S TALK 3 Enhanced capacities to provide effective interventions for First Nations, Métis and Inuit Offenders
Photo: Bill Rankin
Senior Deputy Commissioner Don Head
offenders and their communities. This new approach calls for greater integration of ver the past five years, CSC has developed and implemented new approaches to Aboriginal initiatives and considerations Aboriginal corrections and made progress; however, it takes time and we have more to throughout our organization, with other levels O do. For that reason, one of CSC's five key priorities for 2006-07 is to provide enhanced of government and with Aboriginal peoples. capacities to provide effective interventions for First Nations, Métis and Inuit offenders. We We will succeed with these plans only with are in the process of implementing specific, targeted plans to meet this goal, in line with our the ongoing support and commitment of longer term strategic vision for a federal correctional system that is responsive to the needs Elders, Aboriginal liaison officers, community of Aboriginal offenders and that contributes to safe and healthy communities. representatives and Aboriginal organizations, and we look forward to continuing our work with these significant partners. Ultimately, our results will be measured in terms of public safety, the contribution that To give you some context, offenders with offenders may also face many of these issues, Aboriginal-specific interventions make to First Nations, Métis and Inuit ancestry are there are unique aspects to consider for reducing the rate of violent re-offending while overrepresented in the criminal justice system Aboriginal offenders and different types of individuals are under CSC jurisdiction and the and in correctional systems across the country. interventions may be required to effectively contribution that those interventions make to While Aboriginal peoples comprise 2.7 percent address their needs. helping offenders sustain progress beyond the of the adult Canadian population, approximately To meet these needs, CSC adopted an end of their sentence. 16.7 percent of offenders serving federal Aboriginal corrections continuum of care in I look forward to sharing with you our sentences (in institutions and communities) 2003. It is consistent with the four key compo- achievements and successes, as we work are of Aboriginal ancestry. The proportion nents of CSC's overall correctional strategy: with dedicated partners and staff to provide is even higher for the overall women baseline risk and needs assessment at intake, enhanced capacities to provide effective offender population. research-based interventions that respond to interventions for First Nations, Métis and To understand the challenge that this those risks and needs, reassessment for decision- Inuit offenders. • presents for CSC, we must acknowledge the making, and community reintegration. differences between the Aboriginal offenders We are now poised to take the next step. and non-Aboriginal offenders in our custody. This fall, we will launch our five-year plan Research shows that Aboriginal people admit- which articulates a vision for Aboriginal cor- ted to federal custody are increasingly younger rections that will take us beyond development and are more likely to be incarcerated for a and implementation of correctional interven- Don Head violent offence, often have affiliations with tions to enhancing capacities to provide Senior Deputy Commissioner gangs and have much higher needs (including interventions for Aboriginal offenders within Correctional Service of Canada needs related to substance abuse, health, employ- a continuum of care model that respects the ment and education). While non-Aboriginal diversity of First Nations, Métis and Inuit
4 LST'S TALK-AUGUST 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 1 Focus on Effective Interventions for First Nations, Métis and Inuit Offenders
n recent years, the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) has made it a priority to find the healing process. Across the country, since alternatives to traditional incarceration for Aboriginal offenders. The impetus behind this the inception of the CCRA, there has been a I effort comes from within the Service, from various judicial inquiries and from the 1991 steady development of directives, policies, Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, which concluded that "the justice system has programs and institutions specific to the failed Aboriginal people" — the key indicator of which was their steadily increasing Aboriginal offender population and many disproportionate representation in Canadian institutions. agreements signed between Aboriginal communities and the Service. Over time, these initiatives have been adjusted and assessed as their results and long-term BY G. Chartier and Bill Rankin, The Corrections and Conditional effects on public safety become clearer. Communications Officers, Communications Release Act and Citizen Engagement "The CCRA fundamentally redefined the relationship between CSC and Aboriginal peoples when it came into effect in 1992' Photo: Martin Bélanger explains Diane Zilkowsky, Aboriginal Initiatives Branch. Sections 80 and 81 of the The current Canadian Aboriginal adult CCRA require that CSC provides programs population is approximately 2.7 percent of the designed to address the needs of Aboriginal total Canadian population, yet 16.7 percent offenders and gives CSC the authority to enter of current federal offenders are of First imo agreements with Aboriginal communities Nations, Métis or Inuit descent. And in the for the provision of correctional services. Prairie Region, where Aboriginal people "The challenge facing us:' says Zilkowsky, comprise a larger proportion of the general "is to bridge the gaps between traditional population, they account for a staggering correctional approaches and Aboriginal 60 percent of federal offenders. methods of justice and reconciliation." As alternatives to traditional incarceration evolve, CSC remains in a unique position as Steady Progress the federal agency responsible for the day- Just how is CSC accomplishing this? to-day lives of a significant segment of the CSC's Aboriginal Continuum of Care model Aboriginal population. This responsibility embodies research findings that culture, encompasses a wide range of services, including teachings and ceremony — core aspects of health, education, employment and those Aboriginal identity — appear to be critical to meeting diverse cultural needs. CSC is sup- ported in its efforts by special provisions laid out in the Corrections and Conditional Diane Zilkowsky, Manager Aboriginal Relations, Aboriginal Initiative Directorate Release Act (CCRA).
AUGUST 2006 VOLUME 31 , NO. 1-LET'S TALK 5 Enhanced capacities to provide effective interventions for First Nations, Métis and Inuit Offenders Equally important, sections 82 and 83 of the CCRA recognize Aboriginal spirituality as having the same status as other religions. As a result, Aboriginal spirituality has become an increasingly powerful factor in the day-to-day lives of both men and women offenders. Many have been intro- duced, often for the first time, to the beliefs of their ancestors, and through this way of life they have established a sense of self- Marc-Arthur Hyppolite, worth and identity. Their new sense of self Deputy Commissioner, Prairie Region, and and community is based not on criminal recipient of the Public pursuits but on the shared ceremonies of Service Award of the sacred pipe and the sweat lodge and on Excellence for 2005 the teachings of Elders who are accorded the same status as other faith leaders. Healing Lodges In no setting is this more apparent than in the eight healing lodges that CSC has established since the concept first emerged from the Task Force on Federally Sentenced Women in 1990.A collaborative effort between the Service, the Canadian • Association of Elizabeth Fry Societies and the Native Women's Association of Canada, these healing lodges integrate Aboriginal beliefs on justice and reconciliation into VVith Success the federal correctional system. Recent research shows that healing lodges and ne of the largest geographical regions managed by the Correctional Service of Canada other CSC initiatives for Aboriginal (CSC), the Prairies has the highest incarceration rate of First Nations, Métis and inmates, such as Pathways, have had Inuit offenders — close to 60 percent. And it is in this region precisely where Regional a positive effect on public safety. O Deputy Commissioner Marc-Arthur Hyppolite has put in place an effective action plan involving The following articles will give readers successful interventions that address the specific needs of offenders. With great modesty, insights and understanding into how CSC Mr. Hyppolite explains why and how this approach to corrections — one that is practical, works with Aboriginal communities to workable and highly successful — came into being. reach this goal, which ultimately leads to successful reintegration.• BY Djamila Amellal, Communications Officer, Communications and Citizen Engagement Sector
Photo: Courtesy of Marc-Arthur Hyppolite
With 22 years of CSC experience under his belt, Mr. Hyppolite speaks with conviction about the work that he finds so exciting. He introduces us to an approach where wisdom and serenity join hands with ambition."When in December 2003 I won the national competition that led to my appointment as Regional Deputy Commissioner for the Prairies, I was told that a formidable challenge lay before me. I don't know why I was selected for this region in particular, because I didn't know all that much about it. I found out it's a highly diversified and very complex region, with a large Aboriginal offender population, which is why the challenge at stake was not to be underestimated due to the combination of Aboriginal and political issues. But because I'm open-minded and willing to serve, I knew I could adapt to the situation?' Hyppolite isn't one to give up easily, whatever the challenge may be."I've worked in various regions in CSC, but my greatest challenge was in a previous position, going from Ontario to Quebec. The issues in Quebec can be unique, especially culturally. I generally have excellent memories of my time there, especially at Cowansville Institution. Looking back, it was a confidence-builder?
6 LET'S TALK-AUGUST 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 1 A Strategy Based on Reality and Law a chance to stay in and benefit from them. What Makes Him Tick Having looked at the challenges, Hyppolite "I reopened Ochichakkosipi, which is now When asked where he gets the motivation rolled up his sleeves and immediately began operating with 15 or 16 offenders, and quite a to work so hard on the Aboriginal offenders work on a strategy, knowing that a special few offenders have been released from there by file, Mr. Hyppolite says,"First, there's the action plan was needed."The facts were there. the National Parole Board. Occupancy is high, CSC Mission, an outstanding and, for me, The region has close to 3,700 inmates, 1,117 and I consider it to be a real success. I'm very inspirational document. Then there's the of whom are Aboriginal. Of these, 751 are First proud of it." exceptional results, the recognition from the Nations, 353 are Métis and 13 are Inuit. It is a Another initiative in Mr. Hyppolite's action region's Aboriginal population for my contribu- diverse population, and traditional teachings plan was creating Aboriginal Pathways in insti- tion, even though I am not Aboriginal myself. for these groups are not necessarily the same. tutions with higher security levels. He notes Their appreciation for my approach and for the The offenders are housed in 13 institutions, that the Aboriginal Pathways Strategy is interest that I take — all this encourages me along with healing lodges and district offices, designed to provide healing; it also prepares to do everything I can to help fulfill the hopes bringing the total to 18." offenders to go from a maximum-security of these offenders. I have indeed devoted a Mr. Hyppolite took as his starting point institution to a medium-security one, and good deal of time to this file, and it is still a the Corrections and Conditional Release Act from there to minimum security."I didn't have passion with me!' (CCRA), sections 4h along with sections 80 enough funding, so I redirected money budgeted A Broad Vision to 84, which outline, among other things, for traditional programs at institutions like Being pragmatic and realistic, Mr. Hyppolite programs suited to the needs of offenders, Stony Mountain, Bowden and Saskatchewan has certainly moved forward the CSC agenda recognition of Aboriginal spirituality Penitentiary. This worked very well, since for Aboriginal offenders in the Prairies Region. and the establishment of agreements with it helped establish a good level of security This has earned him the respect of the Aboriginal Aboriginal communities to provide services. for the inmates, a level that tends to appear population in the region and that of CSC partners. "These sections were vital to our approach," higher than it really is. It also helps raise the "This is probably the best assignment I have noted Mr. Hyppolite."There was an obvious motivation of difficult offenders and facilitate ever had. It keeps me busy and motivates me need for culturally competent human correctional interventions!' even more. The Prairies Region makes up close resources, for working with Elders and for Crossroads — A Special Unit to half of the country — the challenge is great. placing offenders in their hands immediately In addition to adhering to Section 4 h and I'm happy to have done my best and to have after their admission. It was also essential to Sections 81 and 84 of the CCRA, Mr. Hyppolite achieved good results although there's always place them in a healing centre and to have the also drew on his solid multi-dimensional room for improvement. I believe that my success initial evaluators prepare a correctional and experience as warden at both the community is also CSC's success.I did not have any rendez-vous healing plan. Aboriginal programs must form and institutional levels, including the Special with destiny; I am just a man who's too stub- the basis of that plan, and move toward appro- Handling Unit, to create a specialized unit in the born to quit in the face of challenges!' priate, secure release that would be gauged by Prairies Region. The Crossroads Unit, similar Looking to the future, the recipient of the the offender's progress." to the unit in use at Stony Mountain Institution, Public Service Award of Excellence in June Special Recruitment, Special Programs was designed for offenders who are the least 2005 says,"I'm very proud to see that the "The regional plan included hiring and cooperative and involved in intimidating activi- Aboriginal issue counts among the five priorities training front-line and other staff, because we ties. "I deny offenders the right to become of Commissioner Coulter and Senior Deputy had to develop specific skills and abilities to predators. We put them in this unit that we Commissioner Head. As for my part in a worthy meet the needs on site added Mr. Hyppolite. have created where it's more structured cause, I will continue to do my best, as long "These staff members had to be Aboriginal so and where they're closely supervised. The as I have the strength and the will to loyally they could help us understand a lot of things Crossroads Unit helps reduce the level of serve CSC, the Public Service of Canada and, related to their culture and give us guidance. violence. Those assigned to it participate in ultimately, my fellow Canadians." • For example, the contribution made by Aboriginal programs, and when they're ready, Lawrence Burnouf, Regional Administrator, they go back into the regular population. Aboriginal Issues, and his team, was invaluable. We have some very encouraging results The work had to be done with people motivated to from this initiative!' work with the type of offenders we have here, Partnership with people with an understanding of their culture. Aboriginal Communities "The programs absolutely must be tied in Mr. Hyppolite also scores points by promoting with Native realities. I found that CSC's accredited partnerships with the Aboriginal communities, programs were just not there yet. We had to which in turn, lend him considerable support. tailor them to suit the Aboriginal way of life, "We have created some invaluable partnerships or it just wouldn't work." in the community, one of which is the Aboriginal Healing Centres and Consultative Committee. We can consult about Aboriginal Pathways everything. Working with Lawrence Burnouf, Healing centres were included in Mr. Hyppolite's who has at his disposal a whole sector dealing An excellent example, the Pé. Sâkâstêw strategic plan. He re-established some that with Aboriginal issues, we try to understand Healing Lodge provides effective interventions for First Nations, Métis and Inuit offenders. were no longer functioning and created new why things happen and then what we can ones as well. This gave many more offenders do about them."
AUGUST 2006 VOLUME 31. NO. 1-LET'S TALK 7 Enhanced capacities to provide effective interventions for First Nations, Métis and Inuit Offenders
The Pathways Unit at La Macaza Institution The Path to Personal Growth and Healing
creates the cultural ties that some inmates Communications Djamila AmeIlal, Communications Officer, have lost for a variety of reasons, including and Citizen Engagement their experiences with residential schools and assimilation into mainstream culture. Within Pathways, offenders interact with other Pathways Unit is a living environment that addresses the cultural and spiritual needs of participants who have similar dynamics, goals First Nations, Métis and Inuit offenders. A number of Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) and beliefs." Ainstitutions, including La Macaza Institution in the Quebec Region, have implemented this The initiative. A Let's Talk team met with Pierre Gervais, the Pathways coordinator at La Macaza, Core of the Initiative and his staff They talked about the benefits of this approach, which meets CSC's current priorities. Pathways units were created in 2000 as a pilot project. In light of the makeup of the inmate population in the institution, manage- Photos: Bill Rankin 257 offenders, of which nearly half are sex ment took a marked interest and, as a result, offenders undergoing intensive treatment. it underwent significant changes in 2004. After two hours heading north on winding According to Pierre Gervais, the coordinator According to the small team working on roads, the buildings of La Macaza Institution for the Pathways initiative, the unit is the catalyst Pathways, the unit fosters a way of living that appear in the distance. The institution sprawls over for progress made by offenders on their path to takes into account the actual experiences of a large area, which in the 1960s was the site of a personal growth and eventual healing."It is a Aboriginal, Métis and Inuit offenders — U.S. army base, and later, an Aboriginal school. way of life that First Nations, Inuit and Métis experiences marked by residential schools, life From there, you can see a longhouse and the tip offenders can relate to in a more specific and on reserves, forced assimilation, broken family of a great white tepee that pierces the blue sky. personal way than they could to more main- ties and a pervading feeling of helplessness in This medium-security institution houses about stream programs," explains Gervais."Pathways the face of change.
8 LET'S TALK-AUGUST 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 1 The Pathways Unit team. but in our institution we do find real differences, Seated: Elders Pierre Papatie which Pathways tries to take into account. In and Colette Sabourin Quebec alone, there are about 12 Aboriginal Standing: Elizabeth Alikashuak and Pierre Gervais nations, including the Montagnais, Naskapi, Mohawk, Micmac and Malecite. The Inuit do not consider themselves Indians, but rather as a distinct Aboriginal people. They have their Pierre Gervais explains: "Pathways is an own culture, language and spiritual traditions. initiative that tries to offer solutions to alleviate For example, sweetgrass is very important in certain social problems by recreating a way First Nations spiritual ceremonies, but the Inuit of life that enables offenders to reconnect to do not use it. Pathways accommodates these dif- Aboriginal culture and philosophy and take ferences because it is important to the offenders." their needs — such as self-esteem — into An Alternative That Promotes Change account." Darryn Roy, Acting Manager, "Pathways is a healing tool," says one Aboriginal Initiatives Branch, National offender,"a way to reconnect with my cultural Headquarters, adds:"Pathways tries to create a heritage and with who I am. I used to be in a special healing environment that encourages maximum-security institution in Kingston. I only positive behaviour. It is a considerable am here now, and I hope that the progress I've challenge, when considered in the context made will help me get into a minimum-security of a medium-security institution." institution.1 would rather talk to the Elders The Pathways team consists of three Elders, than to correctional officers. Their teachings a liaison officer, two program officers and are fantastic: respecting the land and the people. Coordinator Pierre Gervais. Together, they work I prefer that to meetings with psychologists. with nearly 60 offenders, providing them with Now, I make objects that are part of my culture individual counselling, organizing sweat lodges and that I'm really proud of." and other ceremonies and crafts workshops, Gervais explains that offenders wishing to In the activities room, an inmate burns and preparing traditional meals. In addition, participate in Pathways must show genuine sweetgrass and immerses himself in its the team works with parole officers, building a motivation and commit to making positive scent. In front of him, on an Aboriginal mat, relationship of increased trust that is essential emotional, mental, physical and spiritual changes. are works of art, a fox fur and a drum. to achieving positive outcomes. They must also demonstrate responsibility and Pathways: Recognizing Di fferences show respect for others and themselves."An According to Pierre Gervais,"Commissioner's inmate interested in Pathways has to fill out the healing process."I have been here with the Directive 702 does not refer to differences the participation request form, explaining why team for two years. I was sent by the Creator. I between Aboriginal, Inuit and Métis peoples; he is interested in joining Pathways," he says. have lived the cultural duality and today I'm "After consultations with the Elders, the coor- proud of it, but it hasn't always been easy. Self- dinator, the liaison officer, the correctional acceptance is important. In Pathways, we focus officer and the parole officer, the case is on the offenders' best inner qualities rather discussed by the Pavilion Board, and if the than on their negative side." decision is favourable, we hold a welcome Elizabeth Alikashuak has been in the insti- ceremony for the new member." tution for 13 years and works closely with Inuit Participants are housed in C Block living offenders:"I try to work within a spiritual base. I unit. They must follow traditional protocols, talk to them about the old ways of life; I used keep to their correctional plans and obey the to live in a tent in the middle of nowhere and institution's regulations. I'm proud of who I am. I also encourage them to speak their mother tongue." The Elders' Central Role Offenders find that the arrival of Elders at Elders Pierre Papatie, Colette Sabourin and the institution in 1997 changed their life for Elizabeth Alikashuak work side by side with the better. Pierre Gervais. When asked how they fit into Pathways, Elder Papatie says: "I think God Common Goal Aims High chose me to play a role here. Pathways harmo- The Pathways initiative has been established nizes body and soul through various activities. in all CSC regions. The particular approach We must listen to them because their past is used may vary among the institutions, based holding them back." on the guidance of the Elders on site, but the Métis Colette Sabourin, another Elder and ultimate goal is the same: to help offenders former midwife, says that being there for heal so that they can become positive role offenders in their troubled times is crucial to models for other offenders, their families and their community.• An offender (le ft) with Pierre Gervais in the longhouse, where inmates meet for social activities or for a sweat lodge organized by the Pathways team.
AUGUST 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 1- LET'S TALK 9 _111111.11L, iimmit111111111111 111111■__ - I • Enhanced capacities to provide effective interventions J- for First Nations, Métis and Inuit Offenders
Okimaw Ohci Healing Lodge • dr. No Walls, No But I Will Never Run Away
he Okimaw Ohci Healing Lodge (0OHL) was built specifically to meet the diverse and unique needs of federally sentenced women. It follows the requirements for Aboriginal correctional initiatives noted in Creating Choices, the 1990 report of the Task Force on Federally TSentenced Women: the participation of Aboriginal women and Elders, the connection of the lodge to the Aboriginal community and an approach that is meaningful to Aboriginal women. The lodge, located on the Nekaneet Reserve near Maple Creek in southwest Saskatchewan, recently celebrated its 10th anniversary. The philosophy of Aboriginal life enriches and guides the day-to-day work carried out by lodge staff, and sets this lodge apart from traditional Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) institutions. Staff members all say that after 10 years there is cause for celebration.
BY Djamila Amellal, Communications Officer, Communications eight contain three bedrooms and six contain two bedrooms. One secure and Citizen Engagement living unit equipped with video cameras, another unit used for private family visits, plus two units housing Elders who stay at the lodge complete the 0OHL. These units flank the spiritual lodge, where Photos: Bill Rankin residents take part in traditional spiritual practices guided by Elders. The Lodge A sweat lodge sits in the middle of the forest nearby; the yellows, reds and greens that colour the wings of the structure blend in well with the 13uilt in 1995, Okimaw Ohci — the Cree term for Thunder Hills — is natural setting. located on 160 acres of land on the Nekaneet Reserve. This minimum- "The vision for this healing lodge has become a reality," explains and medium-security institution currently houses 28 residents, the Dorene Sayer, Acting Kikawinaw. (Kikawinaw means "mother" in Cree, majority of which are Aboriginal; a number of non-Aboriginal residents which translates to "executive director" in this setting.) have also opted for its holistic lifestyle. "Okimaw Ohci Healing Lodge is guided by the CSC Mission as The circular administration building is the main entrance to the well as the Vision Document. The Vision Document is, in part, the lodge. Further down, and closer to the forest, are the 14 living units: result of extensive consultations supported by CSC and held with various
10 LET'S TALK-AUGUST 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 1 age: Elder Jean Oakes with in the spiritual lodge.
Above: Okimaw Ohci Healing Lodge, an excellent example of initiatives that provide effective interventions for First Nations, Métis and Inuit women offenders.
Left: Janice Manygreyhorses
Middle: Elaine Philpott
Right: Dorene Sayer
stakeholders — the federally sentenced women, communities, and According to Elaine Philpott, security is enhanced by the fact that Elders who contributed to the development of the healing lodge. The the ()OHL staff selects the candidates who stay at the lodge."Residents Vision Document also articulates the principles, philosophy and teachings are not placed here; we approve cases from those who apply voluntarily. of the Aboriginal way of life, reflecting our values, beliefs and interac- They must satisfy a set of criteria and meet our expectations?' tion with ourselves, others and all Creation." Diverse Programs for Diverse Needs In speaking about operations and the day-to-day functioning of the The programs of the lodge are focused on healing and presented in °OHL, Elaine Philpott, Acting Assistant Kikawinaw (Acting Assistant a manner that is culture and gender sensitive. Elders and the traditional Director) explains,"This institution is different from the others because teachings are the foundation on which all programs are based. everything we do is derived from the Aboriginal culture. This is reflected When residents — both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal — are asked in our organizational structure. The Kikawisinaw ("aunts") are the team why they chose the ()OHL, they list the natural surroundings, clean air, leaders, and the Kimisinaw (older sisters) are the primary workers. Here, we pure water, the sacred land of Nekaneet, the sense of freedom, commu- focus on the family concept. The doors are always open to the residents, nication with Elders, and a sense of belonging to a large family as the who do not need an appointment to meet with their Kikawinaw." aspects that attracted them. Above all, they are convinced that the programs Dynamic Security as the Foundation will help set them on the right path, help them be good mothers to their To successfully carry out its mission to ensure the safety of employees, children, and become respected members of their community. residents and the public, the ()OHL employs nearly 50 staff, including According to Janice Manygreyhorses, Kikawisinaw of Programs, healing the Kikawinaw, the Assistant Kikawinaw, 4 Kikawisinaw, 21 Kimisinaw, begins with self-understanding and the acluiowledgement of life-altering 1 parole officer, 3 program officers, 5 Elders who work on a rotating events. There are three types of programs at the ()OHL to meet the basis, and a number of support and essential service staff such as derical, specific needs of its residents: CSC basic programs, such as Spirit of a administrative, food services, and maintenance. Warrior, Circles of Change, Women Offender Substance Abuse Program, "From the beginning," explains Ms. Sayeethis lodge was designed to and Nekaneet Horse Teachings program; the Elders Program that is held adhere to the holistic approaches utilized by traditional peoples, unique in the spiritual lodge; and the Mother-Child Program. There is also a and different from the mainstream CSC institutions. Security requirements at recreational program that includes sports, crafts and music. the healing lodge afford residents and staff a high level of safety, and All programs emphasize spirituality; accordingly, the day begins with comfort, accomplished by using dynamic security principles. We have a talking circle in the spiritual lodge, in the presence of Elders. This ritual no fences, no barbed wire and no walls around the lodge, and minimal starts with the burning of sweet grass and sage, and prayer; afterwards, the static security so it does not hinder our lifestyle in any way. Our residents voice their fears, dreams and thoughts before making their relationships with the residents, mutual respect and the choices we way to their daily program activities. Given that the residents are members provide are the tools that help us?' of diverse Aboriginal nations, the spiritual activities vary widely and
AUGUST 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 1-LET'S TALK 11 include fasting, sun dances, sweat lodges and Aboriginal programs — begins to heal the A Successful, Innovative Model other ceremonies. They are all ways of teaching cycle of violence and teaches skills to deal According to the 0OHLs staff, the residents respect for the residents' respective nations. more effectively with emotional issues that usually arrive feeling a profound sense of "At some point in their lives," explains Jean contribute to violent behaviour. The Circles of emptiness. Through the programs they attend Oakes, an ()OHL Elder who started working Change program, developed by Manitoba Justice, and the traditional teachings of the Elders, they here when the lodge first opened,"these teaches a number of skills and defines the role learn to understand what has happened to them residents were led astray because of abuse. of women in Aboriginal culture. and why they travelled the road that led them Emotionally, they are still there, and that is The ()OHL is currently offering a new program, to incarceration. They rediscover their spirit the starting point of the path to healing. the Nekaneet Four Seasonal Horse Teachùss and develop pride in themselves. The residents have a correctional plan and a Program, developed and owned by the Nekaneet "This lodge has a philosophy and a vision," healing plan that is tied in with the teaching First Nation. The program teaches residents tradi- says Elaine Philpott,"and we are committed of Aboriginal values, fundamental protocols, tional lessons about the horse from a Nekaneet to doing whatever it takes to be successful. dances and Indian names." perspective, and allows them to master the basics When former residents call us, just to let us Developed by the Native Counselling of equine care and horseback riding. Horses are know they are doing well, that is proof of Services of Alberta, the Spirit of A Warrior often used for healing in Aboriginal culture. their accomplishments ... and ours!" • program — one of the most popular holistic
Enhanced capacities to provide effective interventions Aboriginal Employment for First Nations, Métis and Inuit Offenders Training Initiatives ue to the relatively high numbers of Aboriginal inmates within the While on work release, many of the offenders resided at the Stan Daniels Correctional Service of Canada (CSC), programs are being developed Healing Centre, operated by the Native Counselling Services of Alberta Dwith their needs specifically in mind. This year has been a strong year in Edmonton. in the Prairie Region for employment and employabili ty skills training for Prairie Region healing lodges have also provided training in various Aboriginal offenders. That's where CORCAN comes in. The aim of COR CAN skills to inmates prior to their release into the community: food safety, is to aid in the safe reintegration of all offenders by providing training oppor- workplace hazardous materials, construction safety, computer skills, first tunities and employment. Several new and promising initiatives have yielded aid and chainsaw safety. These skills are delivered through courses that positive results. are third party–certified, meaning the course material and subsequent certification is issued by an agency other than CSC or CORCAN. Aboriginal inmates earned 1,315 vocational certificates — 33 percent of the total BY Travis Boone, Manager, Employment and Employability, number of vocational certifications earned in the Prairie Region. Prairie Regional Headquarters In the Community Following offenders' release into the community, an employment Photo: Travis Boone coordinator interviews them and then assists them with job placement or job search services. Prairie Region employment coordinators have been What's Old Is New Again trained in Guiding Circles, which is an Aboriginal-specific employment CORCAN has entered into an interdepartmental agreement with assessment technique developed by the Aboriginal Human Resources Industry Canada for the delivery of the Information and Communication Development Council. The technique is widely used in the Aboriginal Technology Program at Saskatchewan Penitentiary's maximum-security conununity by schools, community employment counsellors and persons unit. This program teaches inmates skills in repair and refurbishing of seeking employment. As well, two of the four community employment computers that are then redistributed to schools and other service coordinators are members of Aboriginal employment committees in their groups by Industry Canada. By the time they are finished the program, parole districts. This provides access to a strong network of agencies where inmates can pass the A+ certification exams — a credential that is in offenders can be streamed into demand in today's labour market. At the present time, 75 percent of programs to assist with their the participants in the program are Aboriginal inmates. re-entry into the community.* Filling the Construction Gap The construction field is facing a chronic shortage of skilled workers in the Prairies, but CSC and CORCAN have taken on new initiatives to fill this need. Twenty-eight inmates (11 percent Aboriginal) have completed the Construction Framing Skills program from the Northern Aboriginal inmates learn new Alberta Institute of Technology, then followed it up with a practical skills skills that increase their component in the community via various types of conditional release. chances of securing a steady job.
12 LET'S TALK-AUGUST 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 1 Enhanced capacities to provide effective intervention for First Nations, Métis and Inuit Offenders
Gil Carriere, National Aboriginal Health Coordinator and Marlene Buller-Lesage, Manager, Aboriginal Relations, recognize the value of partnership and collaborative relationships in meeting the particular health needs of Aboriginal offenders. The Aboriginal Initiatives Directorate provides advice and support to Health Services in defining strategic directions. ates of blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections in prison populations the world over are much higher than in the outside population and, generally, R are dependent on various factors including intravenous drug use, the rates of injection among intravenous drug users in the community, high risk sexual behav- iour and sharing unsterilized tattoo equipment.
INFORMATION PROVIDED BY Health Services, Correctional Operations and Programs, Correctional Service of Canada
In the Canadian federal correctional system, the number of reported cases of HIV/ AIDS at year end 2004 was 188, an overall prevalence of 1.43 percent. In the same year, a total of 3,303 federal inmates were known to test positive for hepatitis C, or 25.2 percent (24.8 percent of men and 37.6 percent of women) of the offender population. Overall, the estimated rate of HIV infection among inmates is 7-10 times higher than the Canadian population while the prevalence of hepatitis C is estimated at 25-30 times higher.
AUGUST 2006 0 01UME 31 NO 1- LF 'S TALK 13 Routine health data on Aboriginals in the Upon admission and throughout incarceration by using Aboriginal organizations whenever Canadian population are not collected and neither inmates are encouraged to undergo voluntary possible and ensuring open communication is it available for Aboriginal offenders in CSC; testing for HIV/AIDS, hepatitis A, B, and C, with the community. therefore, it is impossible to determine the sexually transmitted infections, and tuberculosis. "Aboriginal community partners will con- specific prevalence of infectious diseases among Those who test positive for any infectious tinue to play a significant role in the successes Aboriginal populations. However, of the 30 per- disease have access to medical specialists that A-PEC will undoubtedly achieve in the cent of case reports where ethnicity is available, and treatment. future says Charney. Aboriginal people represented 18.8 percent in In the Pacific Region, Aboriginal Health Aboriginal Peer Education and 1998 and 25.5 percent in 2003. This data is Coordinator Jane Whiting says,"We have great Counselling Program in the form of diagnosis reports and not inci- goals for Aboriginal health for all eight institutions The A-PEC program — implemented in all dence of HIV infection. The large proportion and our one healing lodge. The A-PEC program five regions and in most institutions — is a new of missing data makes interpretation difficult; has been especially tailored to reach Aboriginal educational program that addresses the issues nonetheless, it does sug,gest a higher burden people from the West Coast culture. of HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C and other infectious of HIV among Aboriginal "Not only will the Pacific Region be delivering diseases faced by Aboriginal offenders. Its peoples in Canada. A-PEC, but we are adding a component that primary goal is to train Aboriginal inmates to National HIV will deal with diabetes, cancer, nutrition and become peer helpers within their institutions. surveillance basic health wellness. This ensures that Aboriginal A-PEC distinguishes itself from the regular data capture offenders will be educated on many health Peer Education Counselling (PEC) program only those who issues that could affect them or their community." by including Aboriginal traditional healing are tested, whose Charney, Whiting and others have their practices: sweats, smudging and employing HIV infection is work cut out for them. Program training is a Elders as regular participants offering spiritual diagnosed and whose constant exercise in renewal as new inmates guidance. This approach emphasizes the mental, positive test results are enter the institutions and others leave on spiritual, physical and emotional balance that reported to the Public various forms of release. The coordinators is necessary for complete wellness. Health Agency of often spend a month at a time on the road, A-PEC training is presented by a nurse, a Canada. Surveillance travelling from one institution to another, trained member of an Aboriginal Aids Service data, therefore, does liaising with regional infectious disease organization or by the regional health coordinator. not describe the full scope coordinators, chiefs of Health Services, and Training provides participants with up-to-date of the epidemic; however, Elders, and ensuring that all goes well with medical information on infectious diseases, calculations using these data and the new program.• skills needed to lead information sessions with other sources of data are carried out to estimate peers, education on use of harm reduction the total number of people living with HIV measures and also training in the principles (prevalence) and the number newly infected of the PEC program, including confidentiality, with HIV (incidence). In 2002, it was estimated a non-judgemental approach, and respect for that Aboriginal people accounted for 5 to 8 percent lifestyles and views of others. Some graduating (or 3,000 to 4,000) of prevalent infections and participants are chosen as volunteers and one 6 to 12 percent (or 250 to 450) of new infections. is chosen as the peer leader whose paid position is This is noteworthy because the proportion known as the A-PEC coordinator. of the population in Canada represented by Prairie Regional Aboriginal Health Aboriginal people is 3.3 percent, while the Coordinator Curtis Charney describes it proportion in CSC is 17 percent; thus it is clear as "new and exciting." Gil L. Carriere, CSC that Aboriginals are likely over-represented in National Aboriginal Health Coordinator firmly the epidemic. believes that "CSC is making inroads in the A Long-Term Strategy fight against infectious diseases through this What has been adopted by CSC in recent educational program. The great success is the years is a long-term strategic approach to the result of the hard work by CSC Aboriginal Curtis Charney, Regional Health Coordinator, issue of infectious diseases among offenders health coordinators, regional health staff, Prairie Region that includes close collaboration with the Aboriginal stakeholders and especially the Left: This t-shirt was designed by an Public Health Agency of Canada and Health Elders, peer coordinators and volunteers." Aboriginal inmate at Westmorland Institution Canada, and infectious disease and drug education Links to the Community with funding he received under CSC's Special programs for inmates and staff Harm reduction Developing and maintaining strong ties to Initiatives Program. The goal of the program measures within CSC include the provision of is for inmates to engage in activities and the Aboriginal community is a vital component condoms, dental dams, and water-based lubricant, projects that promote HIV (and other infectious of this initiative, as it is part of CSC's commitment bleach for cleaning injecting, tattooing and disease) prevention for other inmates. In addition to involve community partners throughout the to English piercing equipment and a methadone and French, the message on the offender's sentence. This has been accomplished t-shirt is written in Micmac and Maliseet. maintenance program.
14 LET'S TALK-AUGUST 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 1 BY Jodi McDonough, Project Officer, Community Initiatives, Communications and Citizen Engagement would be the recipient of the Recipient of the 2005 CSC Taylor Taylor Award, ex-offenders Award Jackie Maxfield (right), Photo: Honora Johannesen from all parts of the country with the Regional Deputy Com- travelled to Victoria at their missioner Don Demers (left) and Commissioner Keith Coulter (centre) ore than a hundred Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) own expense to share in this employees, volunteers and ex-offenders gathered in the community special moment with her, and M of Victoria, British Columbia, on April 28 to honour and celebrate to relay in person the effect that she has had on their lives. After 30 years, the contributions ofiackie Maxfield, recipient of the 2005 CSC Taylor Award. Jackie still receives weekly visits and phone calls from parolees and Created by CSC in 2001, the Taylor Award is presented annually to a ex-offenders living in all parts of Canada, and continues to support CSC volunteer who exemplifies the spirit of dedication and caring needed their efforts to successfully reintegrate into the community. to help offenders rebuild their lives. Selected through a rigorous nomina- Among her many accomplishments, Jackie was William Head Institution's tion and evaluation process, Taylor Award recipients are recognized as (WHI) first citizen escort, accompanying offenders to medical appointments, outstanding volunteers with CSC who have made a significant and long- cultural events, speaking engagements, funerals and meetings. In 2001, lasting contribution to corrections in Canada. Jackie began supporting offenders through the Community Adult Jackie, who was nominated by the Victoria Parole Office, has been Mentoring and Support (CAMS) Program, based out of the Victoria volunteering with CSC in the Pacific Region for close to 30 years, both in Parole Office. institutions and in the community. For once, it was her turn to be recognized, Jackie has also been instrumental in inspiring others to become but she was clearly not used to the attention.A humble and compassionate involved with CSC. Through her regular participation in community woman who asks little in return for her volunteer efforts, it is not surprising forums, volunteer fairs and public speaking engagements, Jackie works that Jackie was moved by the hugs, thanks and well wishes extended by hard to raise awareness of the work of CSC and to encourage caring and guests throughout the evening. After accepting the Taylor Award from understanding in the communities to which offenders return. Commissioner Keith Coulter during the ceremony's formal dinner, Jackie To all who attended the 2005 Taylor Award ceremony, one thing was described herself as "completely overwhelmed." clear: lucky are those who have had the opportunity to get to know Jackie Many people in Victoria had another description for Jackie: she's "the and benefit from her generous spirit and kind heart. face of voluntee ring with CSC." And it is no exaggeration to say that the Jackie Maxfield is truly an exceptional woman. On behalf of CSC, results of Jackie's work speak for themselves. When advised that Jackie congratulations Jackie, and thank you. • Moving Towards Purging the Paper Trail
magine the situation: you are a parole officer in charge of 25 offender cases. The information that exists to help you in your role of overseeing these offenders in the community has been I stored in several diffe rent areas. Half of the files are jammed into heavy filing cabinets and the other half are in applications and documents on your computer. As you are reviewing your cases, a nagging feeling hangs in the back of your mind: What if something is missing? The project team works toward electronic What if something has been overlooked? What i f 1 am not seeing everything there is? solutions. Left to right: Karen Kelly, Gerry MacDonald and Suzanne St.Georges-Trépanier Absent: Heather Dagorne BY Jaimie Banks, Communications Officer, Information Management Services
What you really need is one easily accessible share all relevant offender information in "We won't be changing the information that file, containing all pertinent information on an electronic format — from only one source. is available," explains Information Management any given offender. CSC, which currently uses both paper and Services (IMS) Director General Richard It is with that idea in mind that the electronic formats, must continue to move Harvey."Instead, we will simply be gathering Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) is now away from paper-based systems in order to all the pieces together to make the most effec- developing a strategy to implement integrated align itself more closely with its partners and tive and comprehensive system possible." electronic offender files that will provide CSC Government of Canada (GoC) policies. Aside from allowing CSC to comply with staff with the ability to store, access and GoC policies, guidelines and directions when it
AUGUST 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 1- LET'S TALK 15 comes to information management practices, this will also put the organiza- Organizational Transition tion in a better position to share vital information with its partners in the criminal justice system. Responding to a More Though CSC currently holds records for all offenders in the electronic Offender Management System (OMS), not all infor- mation is integrated into those records, Diverse Inmate Population often making it necessary for front-line workers to consult multiple sources when spart of an effort to change the organizational structure searching for information. With the electronic Left to right: like Velichka; and correctional officer deployment standards in CSC insti- offender file, CSC hopes to eradicate this Sheila Liston; Lisa Waddell, tutions, senior management met with a group representing practice. The new electronic files will be a A Stony Mountain Institution; unit managers and team leaders from across the country on Michelle Bridgen, Collins virtual one-stop shop for all the information 28, 2006. Bay Institution; Val Whitton, available to manage the case of any April This initiative came about in response to the diverse population, the aim being to improve Beavercreek Institution; given offender. increasingly inmate Dianne Livesey, Ferndale "It is a matter of moving forward clinical supervision and interactions with offenders. Institution; Judy Amos, with the amazing technology now at our Springhill Institution; disposal," says Harvey."Technology. is Fraser McVie; Don Head; Simon Coakeley; Diane designed to make our lives easier, and Lacelle; Daniel Cournoyer, that is precisely what we hope to do for Établissement Joliette; our front-line workers." Brad Donovan, Atlantic CSC will be spending the summer and Institution; Morgan fall wrapping up an analysis of the project. Andreassen, Mission This process involves legal consultations, Institution; Alessandria defining requirements and needs, analyzing Page, Établissement Cowansville; Josée current offender file banks against legal Brunelle, Établissement requirements, and comparing paper docu- Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines; ments to what is already available in OMS. Trent Kane, Edmonton Information that is duplicated could then Institution be phased out of the paper environment. This initial analysis will also assess Photo: Jean-François Racine how best to meet CSC's needs for require- ments such as file tracking, electronic signatures, information sharing, forms BY Alessandria Page. Unit Manager, Cowansville In consultation with the regional deputy com- design and management, to name a few. Institution, and Trent Kane, Unit Manager, missioners, eleven unit managers and one team Edmonton Institution Eventually, applications like the Police and leader were chosen to represent their peers at the Court Information Management Module first consultation meeting in Ottawa. (PCIMM) and document information Fraser McVie leads the National Headquarters Unit managers were first to receive Fraser management systems will be integrated (NHQ) implementation team for both the McVie's strategy for implementation. They into OMS to form a more comprehensive institutional management structure reorganiza- provided valuable input. It was an important tool. IMS will be working closely with tion and the correctional officer deployment opportunity for unit managers to have a say other CSC business areas on this initiative study. It became clear, as the work of the in the future of CSC. The group also presented to ensure that all operational and legislative reorganization team progressed, that the the strategy to senior managers based on requirements are covered. current role of the unit manager (UM) their concerns, not only for the future of the In the end, it all comes down to making would not remain within the organization. unit managers and team leaders, but for the the job safer, quicker and more efficient Unit managers from across the country organization as a whole. A constructive dis- for staff members who have the arduous task had asked to be heard on the introduction cussion ensued. of managing offenders and making decisions and implementation of changes emerging Fraser and his team are making good use throughout the administration of their from the reorganization. Following approval of the invaluable front-line experience and sentences. If CSC can provide staff with a of the reorganization in principle by the knowledge of day-to-day operations. The single window through which they can Executive Committee in March, the professionalism of the group has impressed view all the pertinent information, then Commissioner asked the Senior Deputy many, including Senior Deputy Commissioner we can be sure we are helping to make Commissioner to invite a group of unit Don Head who wishes to consult on a regular their jobs a bit easier and, consequently, managers to National Headquarters to discuss basis with the Unit Manager Consultative the country a bit safer. • their roles and responsibilities. Committee. A second meeting is will take This initiative was seen as recognizing place soon. • the importance of the unit manager and team leader role within the organization.
16 LET'S TALK-AUGUST 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 1 A Problem That Hasn't Gone Away Here Comes the Rain Again Studies have shown that the most serious negative priority for the future, as will various energy effects include acidified lakes that are no longer efficiency measures in institutions. Studies able to support the same diversity of life forms conducted last year confirmed the positive benefits as healthy lakes, while prolonged exposure to of regularly making the required adjustments acid precipitation robs the soil of vital nutrients. to optimize the performance of institutional Consequently, trees grow more slowly and are boilers. However, given the obsolete condition less resistant to other sources of stress, such as of some of these boilers, especially those located drought, diseases, insect pests and cold. in the Quebec City—Windsor corridor, a number of heating plant renovation projects (including Attacking the Problem at the Source replacing old control systems with new ones In keeping with target 1.1.2 of its Sustainable and replacing inefficient burners with low-NO 1 Development Strategy, in 2005-06, CSC com- have to be carried out if we are to burners) will missioned Natural Resources Canadas Energy significantly reduce NO 1 emissions from boiler Technology Applications Group to analyze NO 1 rooms at certain CSC institutions. BY Paul Provost, MSc, National Coordinator, for emissions, develop technical adjustments Environmental Protection Programs the selected institutional boilers and propose What Goes Up Must Come Down corrective actions based on the data collected. In the past, one way of minimizing the problem s if we didn't have enough to worry In addition to previous projects with similar of air pollution was to build taller industrial about with the environmental effects of aims, the ultimate objective was to improve the stacks. But this "not in my backyard" approach, carbon dioxide (CO) and methane efficiency of CSC's heating plants in the short which is largely to blame for the emergence of A and medium terms while reducing their NO. acid rain, is no longer acceptable given the border- (CH) emissions, which cause the greenhouse emissions. Visits were made to boilers at the less and macro-level environmental effects of effect and climate change; chlorofluorocarbons il institutions selected, all located in the the transport and transformation of air pollutants (CFCs), which cause thinning of the stratospheric Quebec City—Windsor corridor and the Fraser generated by human activities. In fact, the ozone layer; and volatile organic compounds Valley in British Columbia, namely Kent, events of the past few decades have demon- (VOCs), which contribute to urban smog. Mission and Matsqui institutions in the Pacific strated in many ways that the equilibrium of Nitrogen oxides (NO) and sulphur oxides Region; Leclerc, Ste-Anne-des-Plaines, our thin and precious tropospheric layer is much (SO) are still causing problems of acidification Drummond and Donnacona institutions in more fragile than previously thought. It is of soil and water bodies. To reduce its contribution Quebec; and Kingston, Bath, Collins Bay and therefore in everyone's interest to reduce our to this still unresolved ecological problem, the Ioyceville institutions in Ontario. atmospheric emissions, since despite the invisible Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) recently nature of this threat, the effects are, and will Future Actions took further steps aimed at reducing the gases continue to be, very real. Since the transportation sector is a major responsible for acid precipitation. For more details: source of NO1 emissions, initiatives promoting http://www.ec.gc.ca/acidrain/acidfact.html • Acid Precipitation energy-efficient vehicles will continue to be a Acid precipitation results primarily from the transformation of sulphur dioxide (SO 2) and nitrogen oxides (NO) into dry or moist secondary pollutants, such as sulphuric acid and nitric acid. The transformation of SO2 (a by-product of industrial processes and the burning of fossil fuels) and NO. (gases gener- ated by fuels used for heating equipment, vehicles, engines and industrial/ institutional boilers) into acidic particles and vapours occurs as these pollutants are transported in the atmosphere over long distances. According to Environment Canada (EC), the provinces most affected by acid precipitation are Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia because their aquatic and geological characteristics are unable to counter the adverse effects of acid precipitation. In the absence of additional control measures, an area of approx- imately 800,000 km2 in southeastern Canada Acid precipitation stems from industrial activity and vehicle exhaust. receives harmful quantities of acid precipitation.
AUGLIST 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 1-LET'S TALK 17 Left to right, front row: Denis Dugas and Delvin Allbright Back Row: Patsy Le Clair, Julia Hopps, Mike Lightstone, David Snowdon and Lisa Hardey
New CSC Internal Strengthening management practices Communications Advisory Committee As Part of Strengthening Management Practices
trengthening management practices is one of the Service's five initiatives before they are implemented. This proposal had solid support key priorities this fiscal year, and improving internal communica- at both the Executive Committee and at the most recent Executive S tions is identified as an essential component. That's why all direct Development Symposium. reports to the Commissioner have now made formal commitments to This CSC Internal Communications Advisory Committee is now fully demonstrate improved internal communications in their sectors or operational. On May 31, at our inaugural meeting, Commissioner Coulter regions, and that's why our Commissioner continues to emphasize the joined us and underscored the importance of the link between effective important roles and responsibilities for himself, managers, employees, internal communications and a high-performing organization, and to and communications specialists in building better internal communica- thank committee members for agreeing to serve on the committee and tions capacity. for providing their time and advice. The committee is comprised of a cross-section of CSC employees from across the country, including national headquarters and, it is BY Lisa Hardey, Assistant Commissioner, Communications and Citizen Engagement Sector important to note, that individual members do not represent their region, unit, area of expertise, function, level, etc. Criteria for member- ship involves only a dedication to and willingness to help build better The Communications and Citizen Engagement Sector is uniquely internal communications by providing suggestions, new ideas, and positioned to work in partnership with regions and sectors to offer advice on proposals and initiatives. advice, and to build and deliver services, tools, and products that will To keep a collaborative and inclusive approach to strengthening be useful and practical in meeting objectives. CSC internal communications, more focus groups are planned for this To help ensure that our efforts net the right results, we first held focus year, and membership on this advisory committee will be refreshed groups with employees across CSC this past February, and then in April periodically through rotation. Towardthe end of this fiscal year, more proposed to use the new CSC Internal Communications Advisory information will be provided for CSC employees who may be interested Committee that will offer creative ideas, advice, and will "test-drive" in becoming members.•
LEADERSHIP Regions Daniel Erickson ppNinivAl Mike Hanly Warden, Stony Mountain Warden, Drumheller Institution Institution National Headquarters Judith Lockett Prairie Region Prairie Region Stephen Wilson Director General, Organizational Effective February 28, 2006 Effective February 28, 2006 Director General, Values Design and Resourcing Dave Niles Linda Boily and Ethics Performance Human Resources Warden, Atlantic Institution Warden, Drummond Institution Assurance Sector Management Sector Atlantic Region Quebec Region Effective February 20, 2006 Effective April 6, 2006 Effective February 28, 2006 Effective March 17, 2006
18 LET'S TALK-AUGUST 2006 VOLUME 31 , NO. 1 LET'S TALKDECEMBER 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 2
Inside CSC Institutions
Correctional Service Service correctionnel 7 041 Canada Canada Canada Contents LET'S TALK DECEMBER 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 2
COVER FEATURES
Commissioner's Editorial 3
Staying One Step Ahead of Organized Crime 4 The Special Handling Unit High Security, Special Expertise 6
Security Levels and What They Mean 10
Keeping Drugs OUT 11
Defending the Electronic Frontier 14
Simonne Poirier: A Thirty-Year Contribution to Public Safety 17
The Need to Establish a Vast Protection Perimeter 18
A correctional officer monitors inmate movement using state-of-the-art surveillance equipment that allows the user to keep an eye on several locations at once. It's one example of static security methods that CSC employs to make their institutions safer and more secure. Even more important is the positive, daily interaction between offenders and staff — known as dynamic security — that breaks down communication barriers and creates an atmosphere that promotes trust and rehabilitation.
Publication mail agreement number no.: 40063960 Retum undeliverable Canadian addresses to: Correctional Service of Canada 340 Laurier Avenue West Ottawa, Ontario K1 A OP9
2 LET'S TALK—DECEMBER 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 2 LET'S TALK is published by the Communications and Citizen Engagement Sector of the Correctional Service of Canada. Opinions expressed in the following articles do not necessarily reflect the views of the Commissioner. Enhanced Safety Assistant Commissioner, Communications and Citizen and Security Engagement Sector Lisa Hardey for Staff and Editor- in - Chief Daniela Rusu Offenders in Production Martin Bélanger Our Institutions English Writer, Editor and Photographer Bill Rankin orrectional Service of Canada (CSC) Writer, English/French Editor employees from across Canada Djamila AmeIlal moved into fall 2006 with the shared English Writer C Graham Chartier objective of meeting our results commit- ments in our five strategic priority areas Inquiries Josée Deschambault for 2006-07. Our focus on these priorities is Translation Services a necessary response to the rapid changes Translation Bureau in the profile of the federal offenders com- Graphic Design ing through our front door. For example, we Accurate Design & Communication Inc. are seeing more offenders with histories of violence and violent criminal behaviour, Editorial Committee more offenders with previous convictions, world-class, research-based addiction Nadine Archambault Marty Maltby more offenders with affiliations to gangs treatments to stop the demand for these Cathy Barnes Julie McGregor and other organized crime groups, and Julie Fournier-Elrefaie Shereen Benzvy Miller harmful substances. Christina Guest Sandra Molineux more offenders rated maximum security Of course, not all threats are physical. Ellen Henderson Lucie Poliquin when admitted. This issue of Let's Talk Frequent attempted breaches of electronic Raymond Labelle Mary Beth Pongrac explores how we are working to improve security both from inside our institutions Jim Laplante Bill Staubi our results in one of our key priority areas: Ginette Leclerc Lisa Watson and from external sources over the Internet Suzanne Leclerc enhancing safety and security for employ- mean CSC's Information Management ees and inmates in our institutions through Services staff are on the alert 24/7, protect- Contributors specialized strategies and programs. ing CSC's networks from these attacks. Paul Provost For example, you will read about how I hope that reading this issue helps you our security intelligence officers use identi- understand how CSC employees are playing Articles may be reprinted in whole with the fication, surveillance and dynamic security permission of and credit to the Correctional a key role enhancing safety and security at Service of Canada. strategies to deal with threats posed by our institutions, thereby increasing CSC's inmates who have affiliations to organized LET'S TALK welcomes letters to the editor, public safety contribution. While this hard suggestions for articles and contributions from crime. We have also developed specialized work and dedication in an operationally readers. Material submitted may be edited for programs that address their resistance to focussed business is always challenging style and length. Please include your electronic changing this antisocial behaviour. and often under-appreciated, we need to mail address and a daytime telephone number. In an article on the Special Handling Address all correspondence to: continue to measure our progress against Unit (SHU), you will learn how CSC staff our business plan to ensure that we stay on handle our most disruptive offenders. At a steady course to deliver the best possible LET'S TALK /ENTRE Nous the SHU, inmates participate in intense public safety results. Correctional Service of Canada programming that strives to modify their The next edition of Lees Talk will focus 340 Laurier Avenue, West violent behaviour, the goal being their Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0P9 on another one of our key priority areas: Telephone: 613-995-5364 quick and safe return to the mainstream enhancing the safe transition of offenders Telecopier: 613-947-1184 offender population. into the community. • www.csc-scc.gc.ca Keeping Drugs OUT focuses on the challenges of offender substance abuse, a tri-IFIÈQUE ISSN 0715-285X problem with which 80 percent of our 701. 1a—ernie. CC e Correctional Service of Canada December 2006 offenders are afflicted prior to arriving at Kcoeimthm pissioneetaCISPPr CSC. As part of our fight against drugs — (ie Printed in Canada on recycled paper which includes eliminating the flow of drugs CorrectiojeSe1vZe4ignada into our facilities — we are developing
t0N -r.„,„, EmBEForrAyie3 m_LE. TAL 3 Â SAFETY AND SECURITY
•( lusti(t(lioH.," Staying One Step Ahead of Organized Crime
xperts will tell you that organized crime doesn't spring from any particular country or culture; it's a culture all its own, a way of Ife driven by a need for profit and power, E two appetites that cross both ethnic and sociological lines. Today there is an intricate web of organized crime groups operating in Canada — traditional, eastern European, Asian and Aboriginal gangs, outlaw motorcycle gangs, Colombian cartels, and others with business connections that span the globe. Organized crime is not a new phenomenon in Canada but its complexity and level of sophistication have dramatically increased over the past two decades.
BY 13111 Rankin, Communications Officer, global enterprises and try to persuade the Communications and Citizen Engagement Sector media and the public that they remain unchanged from the 1970s and '80s. But every Photo: Bill Rankin Canadian — from the suburban hockey mom to the Bay Street broker — pays a high price A High Price to Pay for their growth not only in street crime but Ordinary citizens may shrug their shoulders through deteriorating health caused by the illicit and think they are unaffected by organized drug trade, increased incidences of fraud, and crime as long as they are not directly threat- higher insurance premiums, to name just a few. ened or do not accidentally stray into the An Ongoing Threat crossfire of street gangs' turf wars. But the Organized crime groups value their privacy; Dynamic security is one of the keys to director of CSC's Preventive Security and their very existence is jeopardized by exposure. managing organized crime members in Intelligence Division will tell you that the Much of their operations are well hidden, and CSC institutions. facts are otherwise. any clues that rise to the surface are valuable "Organized crime operates on three differ- and must be analyzed. When gang members ent levels. The first is highly visible: the are convicted of crimes and sent to federal organization and intimidate unaffiliated stabbings and drive-by shootings — settling of institutions, it is a unique opportunity for inmates so they bow to the gangs' priorities. accounts between rival gangs, the street-corner front-line staff to report on their activities and The links between these offenders, violence drug dealers, and the sex trade that infiltrates interactions, gain an understanding of how and drugs within federal institutions are respectable neighbourhoods. These are the they operate and share findings with partners undisputed and pervasive. activities that provoke a strong reaction in the in law enforcement. It's vital because organized community: concern and fear that crime is Effective Strategies criminal groups pose a serious and ongoing on the Front Lines out of control. The second level involves the threat not only to the community but also to How does CSC staff combat this situation? unseen profits of organized crime and how the safety and security of CSC institutions. What strategies do they use to counter the these funds are concealed through money Incarcerated gang members — estimated often subtle effects gang members may have laundering techniques that drain the Canadian by CSC Research Branch at approximately on an entire institution? First, it is essential to economy. The third and most troubling level is 14 percent of the total federal inmate popula- positively identify organized crime members reinvestment of laundered money into legiti- tion at intake — try to pursue their illicit as early as possible in the correctional process, mate businesses, allowing criminals to seize activities and maintain their ties with the ideally at the remand stage before they pass even more power, more profits, and entrench outside world. Typically, they seize opportuni- through the gates of any federal institution. themselves in normal society, masquerading ties that will give them the leverage needed Once they are in CSC custody, front-line as honest citizens." to reach their own goals, using violence and workers employ multidisciplinary strategies Many criminal organizations that have intimidation as their tools. They try to undercut based on proven principles and substantiated undergone rapid expansion over the past other inmates' desire to reform, discourage by research to stay one step ahead of these 20 years gloss over their transformation into fellow members from breaking ties with their
4 LET'S TALK-DECEMBER 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 2 offenders. How staff reacts to a gang member Correctional officers record vital clues as All institutional employees play a vital role is very specific to that individual in that they become available. Reports are written when it comes to dealing with organized crime. particular situation: keeping them under close and information flows both horizontally and Many are well versed in the legal process nec- supervision, collecting information and, if vertically, through regional intelligence coordina- essary to identify an offender as a member or need be, using it in court to prosecute for ille- tors and into a national centralized intelligence associate. They know if an inmate has been gal activities. Gang members come to realize unit, then on to other law enforcement agencies, prosecuted under sections of the Criminal that trying to stay active members during and back again — a reciprocal process that con- Code of Canada that deal with criminal organi- incarceration is not in their best interests. tinuously feeds itself and proves invaluable for zations. Through the proper channels they can Security staff work diligently to sort out decision makers. At first, ies like putting together contact the Regional Strategic Intelligence the full gang members from the associates, a jigsaw puzzle with most of the pieces missing, Committee if they discover emerging gangs or the hangers-on, and those who claim to be but gradually correlations are made and patterns gang activity. In their daily interactions, staff members but really aren't. This is often diffi- of behaviour and association are established. make it clear to offenders that membership cult because smart gang members tend to keep In 2004 CSC launched the Security Intelligence or association in a criminal organization is a low profile in prison and blend in with the Network or SINet in maximum-security institu- considered a strong risk factor that influences regular population. Their orders are passed tions across the country, a secure network for parole recommendations and other decisions down verbally with no direct link between the storing and sharing Protected 'C' and eventually that affect the offender's release plans. Even issuers and the followers who carry them out; secret information on gangs, suspicious or illegal if they do achieve conditional release, record their actions are protected by a wall of silence. activities occurring in CSC penitentiaries and in of their affiliations will follow them into the For security staff, closing the gap between the community, and threats to the safety of staff, community. These are strong incentives for knowledge and legal proof of illegal activities other offenders and the public. The goal is better inmates to cease gang-related activities. a challenge. Adding to the murk are other and faster responses to security threats by giving is New Legislation Holds Promise offenders — outsiders foolish enough to think SlOs and their counterparts in the community Canadian law enforcement and Crown prose- they can gain some kind of status or protection increased intelligence gathering, analysis and cutors are hopeful that the country's relatively by falsely claiming affiliation. It's important for dissemination capabilities. new anti-gang legislation will give them increased CSC staff to accurately identify the real players. Information Management Services is currently clout against members of organized crime. So in the process of hooking up minimum-security Cooperation and Communication far, tougher laws have resulted in longer prison institutions to SINet and next year the connec- Central to the security and safety effort is terms for members of the Quebec Hells Angels tions will extend into the community via the security intelligence officer (SIO) in each convicted of gangsterism. Still, there is a heavy another secure network called the Classified institution. "It's a role that over the last few burden imposed on the Crown to prove a crime Communications Network. This will allow CSC years has become increasingly strategic," has been committed for the benefit or with the to safely share classified information with its explains one security intelligence supervisor. help of a criminal organization. law enforcement partners, including the RCMP, "This means SIOs undergo thorough training Police and prosecutors are constantly devis- National Parole Board and many others. On in gang management and share best practices ing new strategies to destabilize or cripple gang an even larger front, the network will be linked with other law enforcement agencies such as activities and to keep them off balance. Law to the Integrated Threat Assessment Centre that the Canadian Security Intelligence Service enforcement agencies are lobbying hard for liaises with foreign intelligence organizations. which protects our national security interests." harsher sentences for criminals that target On a daily basis, SIOs across the country Involving All Staff the most vulnerable in Canadian society and penetrate the surface of institutional life, CSC's comprehensive organized crime destroy their lives through both violent and gathering intelligence, sharing it with law strategy is more than identification and sur- non-violent crimes. As cases wind their way enforcement partners and, most importantly, veillance. lust like every other inmate, gang through the courts, new legal precedents will be working with the correctional officers (CXs) members are required to follow a correctional set and CSC may find that it will be playing host that walk the floors of the ranges each day, plan that includes programs that go to the root to more and more of these types of offenders. interacting with offenders, and keeping their of their antisocial behaviour and encourage In the meantime, the Service is aware of eyes and ears open. them to break the ties or "disaffiliate" from the very real dangers of organized crime and "The CXs have incredible abilities to talk their criminal organizations. These offenders working to counteract the effects both in insti- to these guys," comments one SIO."They get are often in need of the Violence Prevention tutions and in the community. Battling the really good at sensing an inmate's state of Program and community maintenance programs global criminal will require the cooperation mind and know whether the inmate is trying once they are on statutory release. Soon they will not only of law enforcement but all citizens to feed them lies or half-truths, whether their be able to take the newly developed Alternatives, in all countries working together. • information is for real. They are trained to Attitudes and Associates program that deals with know that behind a gang member's behaviour peer pressure, antisocial lifestyle and self-control often there is an underlying strategy. So they problems. The program will be piloted this winter watch carefully. I wouldn't be able to do my and will be rolled out in the community and the job without the CXs. I'm only one employee; institutions in June 2007. they are many."
DECEMBER 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 2-LET'S TALK 5 SAFET SECURITY CSC, THE SPECIAL HANDLING UNIT HIGH SECURITY, SPECIAL EXPERTISE
s one of its main priorities, the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) is working "I always know what time I start work in the to meet the challenges related to the changing offender profile, including the safety morning," says Brouillette with a broad smile, A of both offenders and staff in our institutions. Whether it is infrastructure, equipment "but I never know what time I'll be leaving at or programs, CSC continues to make the necessary changes to ensure an essential level of the end of the day. I leave when the work is safety and security. complete?' The unit manager is proud of the fact The Special Handling Unit (SHU) at the Regional Reception Centre in Quebec Region is one that both he and his staff, through their own excellent example of an environment where safety has true meaning. The Let's Talk team was diligence, have prevented any major incidents recently given an on-site tour with Unit Manager Serge Brouillette, who spoke openly about the from occurring in the last nine months. environment, the day-to-day work and the security challenges in this national unit that serves Alert and Prepared all maximum-security institutions in Canada. As we closely follow our guide through the dimmed interior, a deafening bang suddenly fills the silence, abruptly ending our conversa- BY Djamila Amellal, Communications Officer, are our most violent offenders who, at some tion. For a moment time stands still. Brouillette Communications and Citizen Engagement point in time, have demonstrated the danger is immediately on the alert, thanks to his they pose for other inmates or staff. Our unit's 27 years of service with CSC. He quickly scans mission is, first and foremost, to provide the Photos: Bill Rankin the surroundings and turns to two correctional necessary supervision to stop the violent officers (CXs) standing before a broad plexiglass Standing at the entrance of the unit, Brouillette behaviour and thus ensure the staff's and barrier. He approaches them and quickly fires prepares to do his rounds."Transfer of offenders inmates' safety. We must then prepare inmates, bare-chested inmate to the SHU is an exceptional measure of last within the shortest possible timeframe, to off a few questions. A standing behind the plexiglass has punched the recourse, designed to accommodate inmates return to a maximum security institution by barrier, complaining that the temperature in his who cannot be integrated into a maximum- putting them through a long list of programs cell is intolerable. Brouillette has a few words security penitentiary for safety reasons. These that target violent behaviour."
LET'S TALK-DECEMBER 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 2 with the inmate. He turns to one of the CXs is carefully entered on a chart in the control maximum-security institutions after being and sug,gests placing the inmate in the range room and updated daily. Contact with staff is involved in serious incidents that demonstrate yard as an interim solution until the air reduced to a minimum by hallways that are they are not manageable under ordinary security. conditioning unit for his cell is repaired. divided into two sides, one for staff movement The regional deputy commissioner of the region He turns to us, apologizes, and says,"We and one for inmates. More than 50 cameras from which the inmate arrives authorizes a never know when something will happen, have been strategically installed for complete transfer to the SHU for assessment purposes.A and when it does, we need to be ready." visual surveillance of the unit. national committee chaired by the senior deputy commissioner, composed of all the wardens from and Population The SAS System Tailored to the SHU The Facility maximum-security institutions, assesses the "The Unit's layout is based on dynamic Whether they are receiving visitors, taking a unifs inmates every four months to determine security," explains Brouillette."Ifs shaped like course, being interviewed or being transferred, progress. Inmates are then transferred or remain a star, with the control post located at the inmates absolutely must transit through a at the SHU if no progress is noted.A correctional centre. It may appear forbidding to outsiders, double-locked security area: the SAS. Unit plan, including programs, is developed for each but normal institutional activities take place Manager Brouillette explains: "The SHU is one. On average, they stay for close to one year. in this unit and additional controls are imple- based on the SAS system. The SAS is a secure mented when movements occur." area where correctional officers handcuff and Keeping Abreast of Tense Situations The SHU, built in 1984, can accommodate frisk inmates and scan them with a metal According to the SHU manager, inmates nearly 90 inmates in cells that are divided into detector before entry or exit. This system assault staff or each other for various reasons. five wings with two ranges on each wing. Each also makes it possible to monitor inmates' Thus, vigilance is crucial in this environment range houses nine inmates and includes a movements one by one and thus, protect where appearances can be deceiving."When common room and yard access. The wings are staff and inmates. something happens, we do not immediately divided according to population, including the jump to conclusions:' explains Brouillette."In A Stay at the SHU assessment, segregation and protection wings. order to understand the reasons for the ten- The SHU currently houses 71 inmates, their Cell 100 is reserved for any inmate in a crisis sion and to control the situation, we must keep average age being 34 years, although some situation. Information concerning each offender in mind at all times that inmates are familiar are as young as 21. The majority arrives from
Separated by a safety barrier of plexiglass, CXs reply to an agitated inmate's questions while, Inmates are placed in ranges with other at the same time, trying to assess the reason for the disturbance and determine whether it is compatible offenders. They share common a trap or diversion used to conceal a more serious intention. areas and the yard, both of which are supervised through plexiglass or from the second-floor gallery.
DECEMBER 2006 VOLUME 31 NO. 2-LET'S TALK 7 with our security techniques and may try to use them against us. So, each time we stop, assess the situation, and make sure that we are not walking into a trap." SHU Placement and Transfers — National Responsibilities According to Lee Redpath, SHU Senior Advisor to the senior deputy commissioner (SDC), man- agement of the SHU's inmate population is closely tied with the recommendations issued by the National Advisory Committee, chaired by SDC Don Head and supported by the other members, all maximum-security institution wardens. Final decisions concerning proposed placement, trans- fers or detention are made through the National SHU Advisory Committee by the SDC."The SHU houses the most difficult inmates," Redpath comments,"and even when they make progress, these inmates may have incompatibles some- where. When the time comes to send them to another institution, the Committee is there to make things happen" After consultation with and the decision of the SDC, the SHU has 30 days to move the inmate."We contribute to everyone's safety by ensuring that the inmates are placed Michèle Bourbonnais, CX Il, works in the gallery's communication centre. Very proud of the new in the location most appropriate for them." surveillance equipment, she can view various parts of the unit simultaneously and closely mon- itor inmates' activities and movements in the common areas, yards outside the ranges, the SAS or along the SHU perimeter. She can also zoom in on the faces of inmates involved in disputes and provide concrete evidence, if need be, during internal disciplinary court hearings or regular court trials. Using the zoom lens, she can also determine whether an incident is genuine or a trap set for correctional staff. When she detects violent activity, she sounds a shrill alarm to warn inmates that they have been observed. She is able to oversee any location at any time within the institution. She communicates with staff members and coordinates inmates' movements upon exit and entry."
Motivation-Based Intervention This intervention by parole officers at the Strategy (MBIS) SHU helps to increase the offenders' receptive- Various programs are available at the SHU ness to change, helps them identify problem to help inmates fulfil their correctional plan. behaviours, select the behaviours they wish to In 2003, Sébastien Girard, a psychologist at change, consider the good and bad repercus- National Headquarters, and Isabelle Bastien, sions of their decisions, and determine their responsible for the program at National life goals. According to Girard, the results Headquarters, developed the Motivation- obtained so far are very promising. Based Intervention Strategy expressly for SHU inmates who lack motivation and present a high risk of re-offending. Lee Redpath
8 LET'S TALK-DECEMBER 2006 VOLUME 31, NO, 2 Ongoing Training, a Prevention Tool part of the preparation for security work. The Sylvain Mongrain, National Training recruits may also choose to become members Coordinator, Reintegration Programs, National of the institutional emergency response teams Headquarters, has participated this year in if the warden and members of the IERT recom- the development of institutional and commu- mend them. nity parole officers' (PO) continuous training. This year, one of the two training workshops addresses ways to deal with resistant offenders. "It is a matter of safety," he explains,"to equip POs with the tools they need to manage these "It's a matter of safety to equip POs inmates. A certain number of them are suscep- with the tools they need to manage tible to re-offending and turning to violence:' resistant offenders." The CSC new recruit training program is solid Yves Malépart, Assistant Director, Training, Sylvain Mongrain and improves over time and with experience. The Quebec Region Staff College and Mario Paré selection process for recruits is rigorous from the (right one of the 14 instructors at the College. outset and training prepares them for work inside "We teach respect for both inmates and for institutions at any security level. New recruits correctional officers. Holding discussions receive 11 weeks of theoretical and practical between these two groups minimizes problems Team of Experts and Dynamic Security and classroom training, and 2 weeks of practical reduces tension," explains Paré. "In spite of all the new facilities and equip- training in an institution. ment we have," says Brouillette,"dynamic security Yves Malépart, Assistant Director, Training, and additional courses on personal safety are is essential. Groups that customarily form within Quebec Region Staff College, explains that new organized at the request of the institutions. the inmate population of most institutions also recruits must recertify according to standards He emphasizes that continuity is an essential exist within the SHU. The mix of various popula- tions, such as organized crime groups, street gangs or protection groups, in Canada's only SHU sometimes becomes very difficult to manage. Thanks to the expertise of my multidisciplinary team members, everything remains under con- trol; they have developed an expertise that is specific to the SHU. Team members are skilled at talking with inmates, and they know when offenders are plotting. That is what dynamic security is all about:'•
Safety measures in the SHU are commensu- rate with risk. For example, plexiglass barriers have been installed in the interview rooms, classrooms and other areas to minimize contact between staff and inmates.
DECEMBER 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 2- LET'S TALK 9 SAFETY \\D SECURITY
and VVhat They Mean
efore being assigned a security level, a new federal inmate is admitted to a regional intake Special Handling Unit assessment centre and housed on a special intake range with other newcomers. During the • The highest level of security is reserved for B assessment (an extremely thorough procedure that takes up to a few months to complete), the small percentage of extremely violent the inmate will come into contact with a great nurnber of Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) male offenders who cannot function safely employees — correctional and parole officers, and health workers. at the maximum-security level. The goal of the SH U is to prepare inmates to return to maximum security institutions by evaluat- The parole officer will build an exhaustive • Many of these institutions have training ing their risks and behaviour and providing social and criminal profile, identify problem centres and a variety of educational and appropriate programs. areas that contributed to the offender's crimi- treatment facilities. and niay lead to re-offending, Women Offenders nal behaviour Maximum Security and devise a compulsory correctional plan that • There are no firearms within the institution • Maximum-security facilities are surrounded focuses on both risks and needs. The plan will or on the perimeter, which is surrounded by a by high (20 feet) walls or fences with guard be carefully monitored and updated through- chain-link fence and topped with razor wire. towers in strategic positions and electronic out the inmate's sentence. • Typically, women are housed in living units systems that ensure any movement within The main factor for determining a security that accommodate 2-4 persons. Their the perimeter is detected. level is safety — for the public, for CSC staff movement, association and privileges are • Correctional officers in the towers are sup- and for the offender. designed to give them freedom to pursue plied with firearms and there are additional educational and training opportunities locked caches of firearms within the institu- within the grounds of the institution. MAIN SECURITY LEVELS tions in the event of a serious disturbance. • Women with serious behavioural issues may • Various parts of the facility are separated Minimum Security be confined to a "secure unit" within the by locked gates, fences and walls. Inmate larger institution. • The institution perimeter is defined but movement, association and privileges are usually there are no walls or fences. strictly controlled because inmates pose Aboriginal Inmates There are no armed correctional officers, a serious risk to staff, other offenders and • Aboriginal inmates can be found in institu- no towers, no razor wire or electronic the community. tions of every security level. Their particular surveillance equipment. • Inmates are expected to interact effectively needs are accommodated in special living • Restrictions on movement, association with other individuals and in highly structured units where Native culture and spirituality and privileges are minimal. Inmates are groups such as in educational and treatment are taught and practiced. In addition, the non-violent and pose very limited risk programs and skills development programs. Correctional Service of Canada is responsible to the safety of the community. Many • Some inmates live in segregation units, due for the establishment of eight healing lodges are on work-release programs that allow either to behavioural problems or out of across the country, specially designed to them to hold jobs during the day. concern that they will be harmed by other accommodate the needs of minimum-security • Inmates show the desire and ability to inmates, usually as a result of their crimes. Aboriginal offenders, based on the principles, get along responsibly with fellow inmates philosophy and teachings of the Aboriginal with little or no supervision. OTHER SECURITY way of life.A small number of non-Aboriginal Medium Security offenders may be accommodated at healing • These institutions are usually surrounded LEVELS AND lodges if they are willing to take the same by chain-link fences topped with razor wire. CONSIDERATIONS programs as Aboriginal offenders. Firearms are present but not normally Community Correctional Centres Multi-Level Security deployed within the perimeter. • Community correctional centres are federal • Offenders with serious mental health issues • Inmates pose a risk to the safety of the facilities that house offenders on condi- are accommodated in multi-level security community. They are contained in an envi- tional release. The facility director, parole facilities that combine the features of two or ronment which promotes and tests socially officers and support staff work as a team, more of the security levels described above. acceptable behaviour. Inmates are expected often in co-operation with community to act responsibly under regular and often partners, to supervise and provide pro- direct supervision and participate in their grams for offenders. • correctional program plans.
10 LET'S TALK-DECEMBER 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 2 Keeping Drugs
t was a hot summer for Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) security intelli- I gence divisions across the country. At Stony Mountain Institution (SMI) in Manitoba for example, more drugs were seized in that one season than in its entire last fiscal year, including the largest single seizure in the institution's history — marijuana, morphine and heroin with an institutional value of over $34,000. Haifa in one week were made in dozen seizures If they are not confiscated, homemade weapons and alcohol can lead to violent confronta- both April and August. Thanks to sharp eyes tions. "Shine" is pure alcohol, refined from home brew (fermented from almost any kind of and ears and effective strategies, a total organic foodstuff — even ketchup) using a crude distillery apparatus cobbled together of well over $120,000 worth of street and from copper pipe and electric wires. The bottom line with drugs — be it crack, cocaine, pharmaceutical drugs have been turned prescription pills, marijuana or home brew — is that they are the root of violence inside correctional institutions. over to the RCMP and charges have been laid against a number of inmates and visitors. Stony Mountain officials credit their teamwork approach and hard-working staff for the recent successes.
DECEMBER 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 2-LET'S TALK 11 BY Bill Rankin, Communications Officer, Part of the National Drug Strategy they could immediately call the Stony Communications and Citizen Engagement CSC strategies include using existing Mountain Suspicious Perimeter Activity legislation in innovative ways to deal with Hotline and make a report:' Photos: Bill Rankin inmates and visitors involved in the drug trade; McLauchlan came up with the idea of carrying out thorough searches of inmates, placing lettered signs on the surrounding This is just one recent success story visitors and staff; random drug-testing of perimeter fence so that any person making concerning CSC's efforts to halt the inward offenders; and working with police and Crown a report could easily pinpoint the location of flow of drugs — a problem the Service shares prosecutors to secure serious consequences the suspicious activity for security staff, who with correctional systems around the world. for law breakers. could be dispatched swiftly to the scene. Drugs have a serious negative impact on "We involved the community in coming effective corrections, often leading to violent Innovation Is Part of the Solution up with solutions," says McLauchlan."We also criminal behaviour, interfering with successful In past years, Stony Mountain Institution removed foliage from our perimeter, added programming and contributing to the spread and many other penitentiaries across the additional camera equipment, and increased of infectious diseases. The detection of contra- country have had a serious problem with our motor patrols. This has been very success- band, especially drugs, is a serious challenge "throw-overs" — drug packets being tossed or ful in pushing throw-overs out of the community for security staff, in part due to the number otherwise projected over walls and fences and and on to the institutional reserve where they can of persons who enter and leave an institution landing in prison yards where inmates can be more easily detected!' on any given day. For example, a medium-size scoop them up and distribute to fellow users. penitentiary that houses 650 inmates records "The initiative to fight this," explains SMI Everyone's Business approximately 1,900 individuals — visitors, Search Coordinator Christer McLauchlan,"was "The main point is that drug interdiction staff, contractors, deliveries, inmates — entering to gain the cooperation of community mem- is everyone's business!' says SMI Security every week. Policies, strategies and staff proce- bers who lived close to the institution. They Intelligence Officer Tim Van der Hoek."And dures to counter the drug trade must be clear could act as eyes and ears for security staff and everyone takes part. We are not successful and coordinated if they are to be successful. if they saw any strangers on their property because of one department or one individual,
Morphine pills confiscated during an institutional drug seizure
12 LET'S TALK-DECEMBER 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 2 Able to detect substances in parts per billion, the amazing canine olfactory sense is Mother Nature's contribution to institutional security. A trained dog can detect the tiniest trace of a specific chemical, sometimes from a considerable distance, even if the scent is masked by other harsh odours. Dogs work and live with their handlers, developing a close partnership that can become almost telepathic in nature. The dogs' subtlest signs speak clearly to the experienced handler. Dog handlers and their canine counterparts, along with ion scanners, metal detectors and even more intrusive forms of search, are a vital part of front-line security enforcement within federal institutions.
need treatment. In fact, it can notions and misconceptions about methadone be argued that no other single use. The most common of these beliefs is that factor has as great an effect being on methadone is efree high:The reality is on criminal behaviour as sub- that there is no high, but there is a reduction in stance abuse. But there's no cravings and in opioid usage. And it is less costly sense trying to stop the drug to provide methadone treatment than to pay for trade without also trying to the associated costs of institutional drug use limit the demand for drugs, [including violence] or to treat those infected which necessitates smuggling with HIV and/or hepatitis!' in the first place. Research evi- Brian Mitchell, a lifer at Saskatchewan dence consistently demonstrates Penitentiary who began MMT one year ago, that substance abuse treatment says that he no longer craves drugs and he has for inmates reduces drug and distanced himself from the violent subculture alcohol demand as well as low- that accompanies their use. ers criminal activity. Treatment "I used to react quickly to frustrations and and intervention are essential it seemed that if I wasn't high, I was angry.... factors in the drug interdiction Whenever I communicated with other inmates, equation, part of a balanced and it was for the purpose of obtaining or selling integrated approach. drugs in whatever way possible. I muscled and manipulated people for drugs. inmate Assessment Is Vital we are successful because all our staff make "Now I no longer communicate for the pur- At CSC intake/assessment centres, new it a priority. Everyone is involved, from the pose of buying or selling drugs. I'm not around inmates are assessed for the purpose of drug security intelligence officer, to the search violence any more. I've been the chairman of and alcohol treatment matching. It's important coordinator/dog handler, to the front-line the Lifer's Group since beginning methadone. that offenders be assessed at the earliest stage correctional officers, to the non-custody staff, I've gone from being a destructive force in the possible to get them on the right track. In recent to the management team. And we are working institution to a constructive force." harder than ever to foster alliances with other years this has become a growing challenge due criminal justice agencies, including the RCMP, to the increasing number of inmates who are Challenging Population Manitoba Justice, the Winnipeg Police Service serving sentences of three years or less. The Calls for Ingenuity and many more." pressure is on to get them assessed and treated Given the increasingly diverse and challenging Getting this message out to the public is before a significant part of their sentence has offender population — more gang members, another effective strategy. SMI and many other passed. Treatment is provided through various higher rates of mental health problems, higher institutions across the country have been very programs: Choices, the High Intensity prevalence of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis, an proactive about sharing drug interdiction sto- Substance Abuse Program, and the Offender aging population — CSC is seeking new ries with local media."We know for a fact that Substance Abuse Pre-Release Program. ways to manage inmates that come into their custody, inmates with complex and often this has had an effect on persons considering Going from Destructive to Constructive interlocking health and social problems, drug smuggling drugs or other contraband," says The CSC Methadone Maintenance Treatment addiction being just one of them. It takes Van der Hoek."They are scared about what (MMT) program is one of the many successful truly dedicated staff and a combination of they see on the news. Now they think twice treatment programs designed to get inmates off strategies involving experts in treatment, about making an attempt:' drugs. Started in 1997, MMT is widely recognized programming, health care, law enforcement, as a very effective approach to dealing with opiate Solving the Problem education and research to come up with addiction. Allan Magnin, a correctional program from the Inside Out comprehensive solutions. • Research across North America and Europe officer at Saskatchewan Penitentiary who works shows that the vast majority of offenders have with inmates in MMT, says,"People who are not alcohol and other drug-related problems that involved with MMT frequently have preconceived
DECEMBER 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 2- LET'S TALIC 13 SAFETY SECURIT
Defending the Electronic Frontier
A thumb drive or memory key is small enough to be easily concealed yet is capable of storing digital data in the gigabyte range.
14 LET 'S TALK-DECEMBER 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 2 Guardians at the Gate „A s the offender population changes, so does technology. The populations we manage are not standing still in Ted Reinhardt, CSC Director of Information Technology (IT) the technology race. For each advance that we make in Security, is an advisor with years of experience battling electronic maintaining order, they have a vested interest in subverting." threats. Reinhardt and all Information Management Services (IMS) staff are on the alert 24/7, protecting the Service's networks from external and sometimes even internal attackers. Much of their demanding work By Bill Rankin, Communications Officer, Communications and Citizen goes on in the background, leaving CSC employees blissfully unaware of Engagement Sector any threats until one actually penetrates defences – a rare occurrence – and interferes with their day-to-day work.
Photo: Bill Rankin The Wild Frontier External threats come mainly from the Internet, the wild frontier of The speaker was Paul Urmson, Acting Deputy Commissioner, our age, where speed-of-light communications renders meaningless the annual week-long Prairie Region, addressing participants at both distance and geography. An attack on a network can be mounted National Security Equipment Committee meeting in Saskatoon this past from Tokyo just as easily as from Toronto. the May. The audience comprised almost 70 professionals from across "When you connect your computer to the Internet:' Reinhardt whom share the same regions and their provincial counterparts, all of explains,"you can expect an attack within one minute. inmates within correctional institutions. concern: safety for staff and "But don't take it personally," he adds with a wry smile."Most of trade show where approximately Included in the event was a these attacks are automated and aimed broadly, at nobody in particular." in hi-tech 40 suppliers and manufacturers demonstrated the latest To put the situation in perspective: of the close to 100,000 electronic highly specific to gear and security technologies, most of which are messages that reach CSC every day through the Internet, approximately opportunity for managers the needs of correctional security. It was an 60,000 are spam and roughly 350 contain viruses. Do the math and marketplace that is expanding in leaps to see what's available in a you will see that over the course of a year, the numbers add up to a and bounds. forbidding amount — a constant bombardment from an enemy that caps and It was also a chance for staff to don their strategic thinking never sleeps. IT Security has been very successful in keeping the "unde- security operations, both for brainstorm about common objectives in sirables" out, but occasionally one manages to breach the CSC firewall. the short term and the future. In his speech, Urmson underscored the Most employees will remember the Sasser Worm two years ago, a public safety Correctional Service of Canada'a (CSC) commitment to "denial-of-service" worm that disrupted workflow without being and its responsibility for managing a changing offender population capable of actually accessing the network. both in institutions and in the community. First Worms, Now Fishing Keeping Ahead of the Wave Not all the attacks are simply a form of vandalism. Skilled hackers he highlighted — electronic threats to security, in Many of the issues try to penetrate networks to gather vital security data that is specific challenging criminal justice organi- particular — are global in nature, to CSC. But they are after much more than money-related information: world's population zations almost everywhere. As more and more of the intruders also want access to a computer's resources, meaning its hard on computers and related storage and communica- becomes dependent disk space, fast processors, and Internet connections. They hijack com- technologies to tion devices, opportunities increase to bend these new puters and turn them into "zombies" that spew out spam promoting means of communication between criminals, a illegal purposes: as a everything from vitamins to Viagra or use these resources to attack repository to hide incriminating tool for theft and extortion, and as a other computers on the Internet. In fact, the more computers an evidence or contraband. intruder uses, the harder it is for law enforcement to figure out where Electronic devices range from mainframe computers and pocket-sized the attack is really coming from. If intruders can't be found, they can't personal data assistants (e.g., a BlackBerry) to the diskette, compact disc be stopped — or prosecuted. and miniature electronic chip devices. Text, images, audio and other data Another ploy of on-line hackers is "fishing," in which fraudulent can be quickly altered or destroyed, and many of these on these media e-mails are sent to unsuspecting individuals. These highly sophisticated devices, such as thumb drives (see photo) and key-stroke loggers, are fraud artists pose as persons of importance in positions of trust, such easily concealed. as a banker, and using bogus but very authentic-looking log-in screens, To keep abreast, law enforcement agencies need up-to-date knowledge ask for personal information such as employees' names and account that use and equipment to investigate this modern breed of crùninals numbers so they can solve "urgent problems." established and emerging technologies to support their illicit operations.
DECEMBER 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 2-LET'S TALK 15 .ddill11111111111111
Working Against Time IT Security staff also spend a lot of time repairing vulnerabilities in software programs used by CSC. When one is detected, it must be eliminated by applying a "patch" — a corrective measure in the form of updated software. Without the patch, the weakness could be exploited by hackers who lie in wait for such opportunities to wreak havoc. Once the weakness is discovered, patch notifications are sent out, often by the manufacturer, to software users. That's when the clock starts ticking. The challenge for IMS staff is to test the new patch's effectiveness and apply it quickly to CSC's thousands of servers, desk- tops and laptops (which are often on the road) before trouble starts. It's a race against time, with employees sometimes working flat out, day and night, to avert the threat. Unauthorized Software Spells Trouble Reinhardt says that employees sometimes unknowingly disrupt the network by trying to download unauthorized software onto their desktops."Let me give you an example," he explains."You just got a new digital camera for Christmas. It comes with a little software program for loading photographs onto your computer. Seems innocent, but it may cause serious problems because it's not compatible with our critical service delivery infrastructure, it may interfere with large network systems or compromise our security mechanisms. Some of these little software programs act like miniature Web servers and, unsuspectingly, you end up sharing not only your snaps of Santa Claus but your sensi- tive documents as well."
Threat of the Week A cell phone can act as a powerful receiver for access to the Internet. Technology is developing at such a fast rate that devices that were unimaginable 10 years ago are now in the hands of the average con- sumer. Who would have thought even five years ago that millions of Canadians would be carrying cell-phones that are also cameras and MP3 players all rolled into one? gives us in IT Security the biggest bang for our buck. A combination "These gadgets are so easily accessible Reinhardt comments. of awareness, monitoring and implementing technical controls keeps "I look at the flyers I get in the newspaper every week that advertise us on top of this problem." and I think of them as `threat-of-the-week' magazines. The these goods Computer Security Is Everyone's Business emerging technology is so powerful, yet so cheap. One of our jobs in Reinhardt urges everyone to educate themselves about computer IT Security is to ensure these devices are kept off the network and out security and heed the warnings that IMS staff post through the e-mail of our institutions!' system. There are a number of simple steps that everyone can take to Technology on the Inside protect themselves and the network: Inside CSC penitentiaries, miniaturization of technology is a con- • Use strong passwords and don't share them with other employees. cern. There are cameras available on the market the size of a grown • Lock your computer when you leave your workstation, even if you're man's finger and radio transmitters half the size of a fingernail. They gone for only a minute. are a challenge to detect. • If you are a laptop user, keep your workstation "patched," and update Another serious problem is the encroachment of housing on your anti-virus software by either accepting updates or bringing the institutional perimeters. With new homes come new communications laptop in regularly to be patched. And keep your laptop out of sight services, including access points for cell-phones and other wireless and secure when not in use. devices (e.g., a BlackBerry) and wireless Internet. The indiscriminate • Don't leave print-outs on the printer where other people might broadcast of radio- and micro-waves often extends outside the neigh- see them. bourhood, through fences and walls and into the institutions. If an • Don't install personal devices on your desktop, e.g. MP3 players, iPods. inmate manages to smuggle in a device that is capable of receiving • Report any suspected IT Security incidents to your manager. these broadcasts, he/she may be able to gain access to local wireless By taking the time to follow these steps, employees can help ensure networks, and instant communication with the outside world. the security of IT systems and make life easier for IMS staff. We all "To counter this, we do physical searches and electronic sweeps," says benefit from a more secure IT network.• Reinhardt. "And we place a heavy reliance on staff awareness; that's what
16 LET'S TALK-DECEMBER 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 2 SAFETY SECURI Simonne Poirier A Thirty-Year Contribution to Public Safety BY Djamila Amellal, Communications Officer, Communications and Citizen Engagement Sector
n 1976, at age 26, Simonne Poirier joined the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) as a secretary at the Atlantic Regional Training Centre. She had no idea that a remarkable career I was ahead of her. Today, the newly retired warden of Dorchester Penitentiary takes us on her extraordinary journey and recounts her contribution to public safety.
"I loved my career at CSC," says Ms. Poirier. warden) of a maximum-security facility in "During 30 years of service, I never felt bored or Renous, New Brunswick: Atlantic Institution. wanted to go elsewhere. I followed my passion for correctional services, which led me to Dorchester A Strong Management Penitentiary, where I worked for 14 months:" Her Team Essential for Success When asked what she feels she has contributed colleagues in the Atlantic Region agree in saying to the safety of staff, offenders and the public, that Ms. Poirier has more than one ace up her Ms. Poirier answers with conviction: "The best sleeve, including courage, determination and per- way to contribute to safety is to ensure that the severance."Simonne had the potential to succeed; management team is strong and that everyone explains Marena McLaughlin, former Deputy works together to achieve the same objective. Commissioner of the Atlantic Region."She had the with the police, RCMP and community members Consultation with the unions is very important support of her colleagues and accomplished the are crucial; she says."It is important to consult too. Respect for others — whether it is mem- rest with her open-mindedness and perseverance." each other, listen to people and coordinate our bers of staff or offenders — is obligatory. For efforts. The community is a major partner in Support Goes a Long Way this reason, we put in place many initiatives our success and its members must be informed In the 1980s, employees in the field of correc- to ensure everyone's safety and well-being." before offenders are released so that the latter tions were being encouraged to return to school. Visibility Is at the Heart can succeed." Eugène Niles, former warden of Dorchester of Dynamic Security Penitentiary, noted Ms. Poirier's interest and abili- Making a Difference in According to Ms. Poirier, ongoing consultation ties and encouraged her to continue studying to Offenders' Lives with members of her team, at regional and learn more about corrections. "My boss encour- "Being able to listen to offenders," adds national headquarters, and with community mem- aged me to move ahead," says Ms. Poirier. "This Ms. Poirier,"understand what they are going bers is important. She also sees visibility in the confidence he had in me spurred me to apply, and through and work with them to get them back on workplace as essential."As an institutional warden, I was accepted. I returned to school and earned a the right track, it makes a difference in their lives. I felt I must be seen by all staff and offenders. It baccalaureate in business management:' According It takes a lot of courage, tenacity and perseverance is important to walk the corridors, enter units, talk to Ms. Poirier, the support she found in her man- because there is so much negativity, and results to inmates and staff, and maintain contact with agers and colleagues was crucial. After completing are not ùnmediately obvious. And, if at the end of the security intelligence staff. Any information her studies, she resumed working at CSC and the day, we can turn them into good, law-abiding we receive must always be taken seriously and made valuable contributions to human resources, citizens, then we have really made a difference checked out, and we must then act on it.'When you official languages and many other fields at and contributed to everyone's safety." have a presence, you have a better understanding Regional Headquarters. of the reality so you can make good decisions. I Retirement Looks Exciting From Administration to Operations remember the disturbance in January 2000 at the With the satisfied feeling of a job well done, Rémi Gobeil, then-Deputy Commissioner of Atlantic Institution. We had to shut down the entire Simonne Poirier is adjusting to retirement and Atlantic Region, did not fail to notice Ms. Poirier's institution after I consulted with the management already has clear plans. The mother of three chil- growing passion for correctional services and committee, the inmate committee and the emer- dren, and grandmother of three, Ms. Poirier is asked her whether she wanted to join Operations. gency response team as well as many other key getting set to travel with her husband and spend She accepted the challenge. Still today she recalls persons to avoid any loss of life and re-establish more time with her family. She also wants to earn the Range Nine at Springhill Institution in Nova security in the institution!' a motorcycle licence, and spend time fishing, hunt- Scotia, as well as her mentoring work with women ing and camping. "I am leaving, but I will always offenders:"1 really enjoyed my work with the Invaluable Parbierships be there, if need be. I am proud of our correctional Ms. Poirier feels that establishing partnerships women at Springhill Institution. It was quite an system. It has a lot of tools to offer those who want with various organizations and the community is experience; In 1998, she succeeded in a competi- to make a difference in offenders' lives and, at the vital to overcoming difficulties."Our partnerships tion and was appointed deputy warden (and later same time, contribute to public safety.'•
DECEMBER 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 2-LET'S TALK 17 Environmental Safety The Need to Establish a Vast Protection Perimeter
Paul Provost, M.Sc., National Coordinator, • maintaining the Environmental Management System (EMS); Environmental Protection Programs • measuring and conserving energy and water; • responding to environmental emergencies; • managing halocarbons (CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs); hether we talk about protecting the environment, conserving • controlling hazardous materials and managing hazardous waste; • managing wastewater treatment systems operated by CSC; natural resources, preserving environmental quality, or man- • measuring and managing solid waste (recycling and aging sustainable development, the common denominator W composting programs); remains the same: we must ensure environmental safety for current • monitoring petroleum storage tanks; and and future generations. With the recent explosion of environmental • managing drinking water quality. phenomena such as climate change, natural disasters, smog and waterway pollution, people are becoming acutely aware of the fact that we are highly dependent on the natural environment. Building Commitment — A Measure of Success? on this realization, the time has come to strengthen our delicate, but Since the 1990s, CSC has generated consistent achievements on this front, culminating in the emergence of a corporate culture focused on neglected — even abandoned — relationship with nature. Over time, environmental safety will become more rooted in many public and environmental safety in the above-mentioned areas. However, as with private organizations in Canada and abroad. Through a growing other CSC functions, we do not have unlimited resources, and this and commitment, the pace of dedication to this issue, staff at the Correctional Service of Canada reminds us that, in spite of goodwill progress often seems to be insufficient. We are confident that the recent (CSC) are already making a contribution to environmental safety. implementation of environmental accountability structures at all levels of CSC will produce more tangible results. In fact, with the publication of Pillars of Action the next SDS (December 2006), the accomplishment of environmental Most people associate penal institutions with images of fences, high targets will, more than ever, be dependent on greater participation by walls, bars, and heightened security and supervision. Others associate staff at all levels of the organization. them with rehabilitation, personal learning and professional development Everyone should be concerned about environmental safety, both programs, based on the expectation that human beings will change for at work and at home. With a wide range of signs indicating that natural the better. For environmentalists, a penitentiary is a microcosm of an mechanisms to reduce ecosystem pollution are being depleted, let us urban centre, which inevitably consumes natural resources (energy, water ask ourselves seriously: How much longer can we allow ourselves to and material) and generates refuse in the forms of gaseous, liquid and fall behind? If we truly believe in the ability of human beings to change solid waste. Aware of this ecological reality, their main concern focuses for the better, the ultimate proof in the eyes of environmentalists on minimizing environmental repercussions. Whether they are regional is the solid establishment and maintenance of an environmental environmental coordinators, health/safety/environmental officers, protection perimeter. It is no longer time for debate, but rather for plant maintenance chiefs, technical supervisors or managers/directors action — actions that are incorporated into the way we live, so that at various levels, the work of CSC's environmental professionals inter- our behaviours are always marked by respect for our environment and faces with many disciplines and functions, and includes an array of its safety. responsibilities, such as the following: For more information on CSC's environmental policies, visit the • tracking environmental compliance (legislation, regulations, following Web site: http://infonet/tsb/env_policy_e.shtml . • directives); • implementing the Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS 1997, 2000, 2003, 2006);
18 LET'S TALK-DECEMBER 2006 VOLUME 31, NO. 2 LETS 'TALKMARCH 2007 VOLUME 31, NO,
Safe Transition THE CORRECTIONAL PROCESS of me FROM START TO FINISH Offenders into the MAINTASING THE TIES
EMPLOYMENT SUPPORT - Community REINTEGRATION
Correctional Service Service correctionnel 11,111 Canada Canada Canae Contents LET 'S TALK MARCH 2007 VOLUME 31, NO. 3
FEATURES
Correctional Experts in Afghanistan 2 Correctional In August 2006, Rick Reiman, Area Director, Winnipeg Parole, was seconded to UNAMA Commissioner's for this purpose. Editorial 3 Experts in CSC is making an extremely valuable The Correctional contribution not only to nation-building Process from Afghanistan efforts in Afghanistan, but also other interna- Start to Finish 4 tional correctional missions."Few Canadians Maintaining the Ties 5 BY Suzanne Leclerc, Senior Media Relations Officer, know about the excellent work done by CSC Communications and Citizen Engagement Sector around the world bringing stability to the Comrades in Crises, correctional systems of war-torn countriee Partners in Success 6 commented CSC Commissioner Keith Coulter. Photo: Jean-Marc Carisse A Simple Plan 8 "Contributing to the establishment of a sound s part of the Government of Canada's correctional system that respects international What Works 10 commitment to help Afghanistan standards of human rights and the rule of law Adapting and Abecome stable and self-sufficient, the is vital to the development and stability of any Reinforcing Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) is playing a civil society." CSC's Basic Programs11 key role in an important prison reconstruction CSC has been involved since 2001 in Afghanistan issues with partners in justice Partnerships and team project in Kandahar in southern Afghanistan. Employment On February 2, 2007, Linda Garwood- sector departments under the strategic Support Reintegration12 Filbert, Unit Manager, Stony Mountain direction of DFAIT. The Service undertook Institution and Ric Fecteau, Correctional pioneering work in Kosovo and developed The Case of Mr. Z 14 Supervisor, Edmonton Institution, headed and managed CSC's contribution to the United From Kabul to for Afghanistan on a one-year assignment as Nations peacekeeping mission in Côte d'Ivoire. Kandahar 16 members of Canada's Provincial Reconstruction The Service also maintains individual relation- Team (PRT). They will provide training and ships with other nations and international Sustainable Development mentoring to staff and prison administrators corrections organizations. Strategy 2007-2010 18 at Sarpoza Provincial Prison in Kandahar. We can be very proud that these professionals Linda and Ric will assist the Afghan Central have volunteered to help the people of Afghanistan Prison Department in developing a national rebuild their country after years of turmoil prison administration that is responsive to the and upheaval. COVER rule of law and whose operations and practices For more information on Afghanistan respect international standards. The project is and CSC's other international engagements, The safe transition wholly funded by the Department of Foreign please go to the International link at h of offenders into the Affairs and International Trade's (DFAIT) www.csc-scc.gc.ca . To read a personal Global Peace and Security Fund. Linda and account of one CSC employee's recent CO11111111114 community involves close cooperation Ric will work closely with PRT colleagues from contribution and experience in Afghanistan, the that department, the Royal Canadian Mounted go to From Kabul to Kandahar on page 16 01 between Correctional Service Police, the Canadian International Development in this issue. • of Canada and its Agency, and the Department of criminal justice National Defence. partners and com- This is not a new commitment munity members for CSC. The Service has been and organizations. present in Afghanistan since 2002 through deployments to the United Nations Assistance Mission for Afghanistan (UNAMA) and has Publication mail agreement number no.: 40063960 Retum undeliverable Canadian addresses to: provided culturally relevant advice Correctional Service of Canada on everything from prison recon- 340 Lauder Avenue West struction to the creation of policy Ottawa, Ontario Stockwell Day, Minister of Public Safety Canada, Linda K1 A OP9 and practices, staff training, Garwood-Filbert, Rio Fecteau and Commissioner Keith gender issues, and offender Coulter on the eve of the team's departure to Kandahar, programming. Afghanistan.
2 LET 'S TALK—MARCH 2007 VOLUME 31, NO. 3 LET 'S TALK is published by the Communications and Citizen Engagement Sector of the Correctional Service of Canada. Opinions expressed in the following articles do not necessarily reflect the views of the Commissioner.
Assistant Commissioner, Safe Transition of Communications and Citizen Engagement Sector Lisa Hardey Offenders into the Editor-in-Chief Daniela Rusu Community Production Martin Bélanger Before I turn to the focus of this issue of English Writer, Editor and Photographer Let's Talk — safe transition of offenders into Bill Rankin the community — I want to mention how Writer, English/French Editor Djamila Amellal proud I am that we have CSC employees working in Afghanistan, helping to build a English Writer Graham Chartier secure and democratic society. As you see in Inquiries the article opposite, Linda Garwood-Filbert Josée Deschambault and Ric Fecteau had the opportunity to meet Translation Services with Public Safety Canada Minister Stockwell Translation Bureau Day the day before they left. Minister Day Graphic Design thanked them for their willingness to contribute Accurate Design & Communication Inc. to Canada's efforts in Afghanistan, and wished them every success in the coming months. Editorial Committee Linda and Ric have serious work before Nadine Archannbault Marty Maltby them, but I am confident that they are up to doors for assessment, and continue through Cathy Barnes Julie McGregor their task. Through dedicated employees like their re-entry into the community. Julie Fournier-Elrefaie Shereen Benzvy Miller Christina Guest Sandra Molineux Linda and Ric,we are making a real contribution The articles focus on how CSC supports Ellen Henderson Lucie Poliquin to bringing stability to the correctional systems offenders' successful reintegration with the Raymond Labelle Mary Beth Pongrac of war-torn countries. In this magazine, you help of a host of people and programs — Jim Laplante Bill Staubi will also read about CSC employee Thérèse including chaplains, parole officers, volunteers Ginette Leclerc Lisa Watson LeBlanc's successful mission to Afghanistan and others who help offenders prepare Suzanne Leclerc for last summer. Her work laid the groundwork release, and Circles of Support and Accountability for Linda and Ric's current deployment. and others who support them after release. Contributors Readers of Let's Talk learned about CSC's You will also read about the important role a Suzanne Leclerc, Lisa Bayne, Teal Maedel, strategic priorities in past issues, and heard family can Matt Logan, Paul Provost play in a successful conditional about CSC employees in all parts of the release, and the role of other partners who Articles may be reprinted in whole with the country who are making a public safety support successful reintegration of offenders permission of and credit to the Correctional contribution. We chose these priorities to into the community, including law enforce- Service of Canada. guide our efforts in delivering the best possible ment agencies and community partners. LET 'S TALK welcomes letters to the editor, public safety results, while responding to the Our strategic priority to improve our suggestions for articles and contributions from changing offender population profile, and the capacities to address mental health needs readers. Material submitted may be edited for Government's tackling crime agenda. This of offenders will be the focus of the next style and length. Please include your email address and a daytime telephone number. year, we will continue to focus on these same edition of Let's Talk. Address all correspondence to: priorities in order to maximize our contribu- tion to public safety. This issue of Lees Talk focuses on a priority LET 'S TALK /ENTRE Nous that affects all aspects of our work: safe Correctional Service of Canada 340 Laurier Avenue, West transition of offenders into the community. Keith Coulter Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0P9 This is because CSC's efforts in this regard Commissioner Telephone: 613-995-5364 begin when offenders come through the Correctional Service of Canada Telecopier: 613-947-1184 www.csc-scc.gc.ca
ISSN 0715-285X © Correctional Service of Canada March 2007
qi) Printed in Canada on recycled paper
MARCH 2007 VOLUME 31, NO. 3—LET'S TALK a e ransition Offenders into the Communi
Djamila Amellal, Ph. D, Communications Officer, factors, risks and needs. During this process, the parole officer will make use of the health Communications and Citizen Engagement Sector staff also determine the security classification care services and social services available in (minimum, medium or maximum) correspon- the community. This is another way for offenders ding to the risk that the inmate poses, as well to create ties with the community and inte- The correctional process begins when the as the penitentiary where the inmate will be grate. The inmate follows the correctional judge hands down a sentence. The Correctional incarcerated. The correctional plan is updated plan, which is updated to indicate the inmate's Service of Canada (CSC) under the Corrections throughout the inmate's incarceration. progress and compliance with the conditions and Conditional Release Act (CCRA) oversees At the institution, a new phase of the hunate's established by the National Parole Board an offender's correctional process through supervision and management begins. The (NPB). CMT intervention continues to rein- several stages until the offender's warrant inmate meets the case management team force the inmate's progress and mitigate the expiry date. (CMT), which includes the parole officer in risk. The NPB intervenes only if an inmate To administer the judge's sentence and fully charge of the case, correctional officers, health commits another crime or breaches a prepare the inmate for returning to the com- care professionals (such as psychologists), release condition. munity, the CCRA requires CSC to carry out program officers and staff working in various With the exception of lifers, who remain an extensive assessment of the case as soon as institutional shops. At this point, it is impera- for their lifetime under CSC's jurisdiction possible. Based on this assessment, CSC estab- tive that the inmate commits himself or herself whether they are incarcerated or in the com- lishes a detailed correctional plan to help the to the correctional plan. The CMT's main munity, the correctional process ends on the inmate address his or her criminogenic factors. objective is to help the inmate resolve his or inmate's warrant expiry date or on expiry of a The inmate will first be admitted to an her criminogenic problems and, subsequently, long-term supervision order, though in some assessment unit in a regional reception centre, reduce the inmate's security classification cases, because of the nature of the offence, a which is part of a larger correctional institu- before release on parole. judge may impose an order of five or eight tion. CSC has seven such units: three located in As day parole or statutory release eligibility additional years of incarceration. the Prairie Region and one in each other dates approach, case preparation begins in Julie Keravel, Director, Institutional region. On average, the inmate remains at the cooperation with members of the community Reintegration Operations, Operations and reception centre between 70 and 90 days while into which the offender will be released under Correctional Programs Sector, comments: correctional staff members collect all neces- parole supervision. Community members "I continue to be amazed, even a fter 23 years, sary information from various sources. This often include family, friends, volunteers and at the effect our staff's interventions have on includes information provided by the court or members of circles of support. public safety and on offenders' lives. In fact, relating to prior offences at the provincial level, The correctional process does not end with 90 percent of federal offenders are admitted or related to family, education, employment and the inmate's release — it continues in the com- to CSC with previous youth or adult critninal other factors. munity. Just like in the institution, inmates records. One would expect that most would fail At the end of the assessment period, correc- work with a CMT that includes a parole officer, again, yet most never recidivate after condi- tional staff put in place a correctional plan health care professionals, volunteers and an tional release or their warrant expiry date. To based on the inmate's identified criminogenic entire network of support. During this stage, me, it is certain that we make a difference."•
4 LET 'S TALK-MARCH 2007 VOLUME 31, NO. 3 Safe Transition of Offenders into the Community
Official logo of CFCN publications – "Building stronger and safer communities by assisting families affected by criminal behaviour..." Maintaining the Ties Reintegration and the Canadian Families and Corrections Network
ach offender has a unique family history—some may have grown up in a string of foster Families as a Force for Good homes while others may come from more stable environments. For some, family ties were "Reintegration begins when the judge Ebroken long ago; these offenders have been rejected by both their parents and siblings sentences an offender," Withers says. because of their criminal lifestyles. Still others have proven that family bonds are unshakeable According to the CFCN, the families of offenders and any form of adversity only serves to make them stronger. Many offenders have created should be recognized as assets to offenders, to the families of their own. correctional system and to society because of the role they can play in successful conditional release, BY G. Chartier, Communications Officer, CFCN, a Canadian charity. without compromising public safety or the security Communications and Citizen Engagement Sector The family-based orientation course began of an institution. as a two-year pilot project and is now funded That view was one of the conclusions of a The prospect of incarceration for a key on a year-by-year contract by the Ontario policy document about the needs of families member can shake the family unit to its foun- Regional Chaplaincy of CSC. In 2006, approxi- affected by incarceration and reintegration. dations. The Correctional Service of Canada mately 650 recently sentenced offenders attended The report, based on extensive consultation (CSC) recognizes this and knows that healthy the family-based orientation at the MAU. in communities across the country, is entitled family units play an important part in an The course involves a two-and-a-half hour A Strategic Approach and Policy Document to offender's rehabilitation and reintegration. lecture and discussion on making links with Address the Needs of Families of Offenders: Family programs such as the one at Millhaven community organizations, faith-based groups, Safety, Respect and Dignity forAll. (available on Institution in Ontario have been established to and community chaplaincies. The discussion the CFCN Web site at www3.sympatico.ca/cfcn) respect and strengthen the ties that bind. focuses on the offenders' families and the impact their crimes have had on their families, A Partner with CSC Family-based Orientation Course at and attempts to give the offenders the means "CFCN is a major voluntary sector partner," Millhaven Institution to maintain relationships in the community. says Reverend Christina Guest of Chaplaincy in At the Millhaven Assessment Unit (MAU), a The discussion also includes ways to maintain CSC,"in the development of policy and prac- compulsory family-based orientation course is the bonds between an incarcerated father and tice, and also in the designing and piloting of given by Lloyd Withers of the Canadian Families his children, and how to normalize being a resources and tools." CFCN was established and Corrections Network (CFCN). In it, he asks family without making criminal behavior or around 1993 with the additional support of offenders to examine the impact their criminal incarceration normal. CSC's Chaplaincy Branch. behaviour has had on those closest to them and At the end of the orientation, Withers gives "This was perfect timing because we were to make amends for the hurt they may have inmates a form that discusses how to write a trying to heighten the profile of families within caused. Perhaps in return they will gain some restorative letter home saying "I'm sorry," and CSC," she says. strong family-based support for their eventual how to take responsibility for what they have reintegration into society. done. Inmates are given pen and paper and "Every Person Comes from a Family" During his 10 years as a chaplain with CSC, encouraged to write letters to their families. Rev. Guest says that while it is true that Withers developed and delivered the Maintaining "They call me the pen guy' Withers jokes. He some family members may choose to not Positive Couple Relationships at Millhaven, also asks inmates if they want an orientation pack- remain in contact with an inmate, thousands of Frontenac and Kingston penitentiaries. He is age sent to their families, noting that families are families strive to maintain ties when a family currently the National Coordinator of the generally appreciative of the material sent. member is incarcerated.
MARCH 2007 VOLUME 31, NO. 3-LET 'S TALK 5 "Every person comes from a family," she says."We can be talking about parents trying to support one of their adult children inside, various forms of partnered relationships, and children, often very young ones, the average age being between 7 and Rev. Guest recalls sitting in on one of Lloyd Withers' sessions at the MAU when an Chaplaincy offender said that he had told his family to give up on him. Comrades in Crises, Partners in Success "He didn't want to put them through all kinds of hardship and he clearly did not see orrectional Service of Canada (CSC) chaplains and parole officers approach corrections a lot of hope in his future. That's what we are rom different perspectives but they share the same goal: the safe and effective reintegra- trying to avoid by thinking more intention- cf. tion of offenders into the community. In their daily activities, Chaplain Leon Remus and ally about CSC's role and response vis-à-vis Parole Officer Lak Sehmbi demonstrate what it takes to help these offenders succeed. families," she says. "Because I monitor the CSC portal on families (http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/portals/ families/index_e.shtrnI) and I get inquiries 13Y Lisa Bayne, Programs Manager, that he is not alone, the chaplain continues all the time from family members who are Vancouver Parole to offer support. attempting to maintain ties, I know how dif- ficult that can be because of the location of A Day in the Life our institutions and visiting hours and those Photos courtesy of Lisa Bayne Chaplain Remus' day is never boring. sorts of things. At the same time, I have Flexibility is essential because his schedule heard of families who reported back how Offering Spiritual Support often changes by the hour. He is constantly incredibly helpful it has been to have this sup- A day in the life of Chaplain Leon Remus is trying to build relationships with co-workers, port as they planned for the re-entry of their varied, hectic and often spent on the road. The offenders, and community partners. In effect, family member. chaplain is frequently seen flying in and out of he builds bridges in the community because "We see this as one of the many ways in the office en route to meetings, always offering he feels strongly that everyone is part of the which support can be offered. It is not going an encouraging "Hello ... how's it going?" as community."The healthier the individuals are to work for everyone, first, because some fami- he runs by, usually with an offender in tow. in the community, the healthier that commu- lies are not supportive, and second, because Chaplain Remus is responsible for offering nity is as a whole," he says. some families contribute to and participate spiritual support as well as various physical in the values that have led people to prison. supports for offenders in seven institutions, Challenges But certainly some parents and some very the community, and ten community residential Chaplain Remus is well aware of the chal- devoted spouses make a big difference." facilities. When it comes to helping offenders lenges facing offenders in the Pacific Region. make positive changes in their lives, the chap- "Many are ill-prepared to live in the community. Results from Maintaining the Ties lain's day may be long but his energy and They have lived their lives in separate com- "The most telling result," says Rev. Guest, enthusiasm are boundless. munities; some are institutionalized and "was reported by the assistant warden in Chaplain Remus is passionate about his often they feel ostracized. Many feel the urge charge of Correctional Programs at Millhaven work because he believes that God has placed to go back to institutional life because it is all Institution when Lloyd started the family- him where he is meant to be. He appreciates they have ever known. "The biggest challenge based orientation pilot. He said that the support of his co-workers in community is when they stop believing in themselves," he there had been a measurable decline in ten- corrections, including Regional Chaplain comments. He is there to help when offenders sion and incidents at the assessment unit. Gerry Ayotte and other institutional chaplains. make the decision to change the way they The guys knew that through CFCN, their One example of Chaplain Remus' success approach their lives. families could get access to the information is the progress he made with an offender "We are more alike than different" is needed. They had resources to assist their named Cedric, who was referred to him by a his personal motto when he deals with an families and maintain the ties." psychologist. Cedric was somewhat hesitant offender's negative behaviour."They have "Clearly it affects how they're able to cope to speak with the chaplain; however, Chaplain a chance for positive change, and there is with the beginning of their incarcerations," Remus spent a lot of time with him and was always hope. I am an eternal optimist, which says Rev. Guest."There are huge amounts able to successfully walk him to his warrant helps me search out the good in people." of stress and the family-based orientation expiry date (WED) two and a half years later. program helps reduce that."• Currently, the chaplain is providing support Supervision in Vancouver to Cedric's brother, who is incarcerated in one Lak Sehmbi took an interest in risk assess- of CSC's institutions. To help Cedric know ment while enrolled in criminology and
6 LET 'S TALK-MARCH 2007 VOLUME 31, NO. 3 a e ransition of Offenders into the COMMUnitY nd Parole
psychology at Simon Fraser University, and between 60 and 64 years old find it very every day is different. You start with your later chose a field practice at New Westminster difficult to obtain jobs, or they are disabled voicemail in the morning and after that you Area Parole. Eight years later, Sehmbi, now a but not yet able to retire. Disability pensions have to intervene in situations as you see fit. community parole officer, continues to be a are also extremely difficult to obtain." We are constantly juggling our schedules to valued member of Vancouver Area Community Sehmbi addresses those challenges by forming address emerging issues on our caseload." Corrections. She loves the flexibility, creativity and exceptional relationships with partners and innovation that go into working with offenders. non-profit societies. Also, she works closely From Chaplaincy to Parole Supervision with community police, and organizes the Ask Chaplain Leon Remus to name his Housing and Health annual Police/Parole Workshop as well as an major supporters and he quickly points to his Sehmbi says that one continuing problem annual police/parole/Crown contact event. She co-workers at the parole office. If you ask Lak for offenders is Vancouver's extremely high understands that the police and other partners Sehmbi the same question, she is quick to cost of living, which results in severe shortages are a vital resource in ensuring the safe reinte- mention how support from Chaplain Remus of affordable and appropriate housing."I see gration of offenders. and others is crucial for success. Community Vancouver-based offenders with good family Sehmbi sees offenders facing other serious corrections staff members know that they are support and even they struggle with living challenges in the community. She describes a not alone in their work, and they value and expenses. People who come from other parts typical cycle: "Drug use and its related instability, support each others' contributions. They call of Canada may not know just how costly it is coupled with poor coping skills and negative upon one another in times of crisis and in until they get here." associations, make it hard to succeed." She says times of success. "Managing diseases like HIV and Hepatitis that because offenders are often alone, they go Leon Remus and Lak Sehmbi are two shining C, and working with an aging population also back to what they know—drug abuse. examples of how good support, structure and has challenges:' she says. "There are limited community partnerships can help offenders bed spaces for offenders at community resi- A Typical Day? live law-abiding lifestyles and successfully dential facilities, and we do not have a lot "There is no such thing as a typical day in reach warrant expiry, thus making the of resources to help them. Mso, offenders the life of a parole officee she adds,"because community safer for all. •
Chaplain Leon Remus is constantly trying to build relationships with Lak Sehmbi loves the flexibility, creativity and innovation that go co-workers, offenders, and community partners. into working with offenders.
MARCH 2007 VOLUME 31 , NO. 3-LET'S TALK 7 a e ransition of Offenders into the Communi
or many newly released inmates, the first few weeks of freedom can be the most vulnerable period for a relapse into criminal behaviour. However, with proper preparation and planning for outside realities, offenders increase their chances of succeeding. The goal of the Pre-Release FProgram, a pilot project in several institutions, including Kingston Penitentiary (KP), is to encourage offenders to make serious plans so they are prepared to function in normal society once they are released. Recently, a Let's Talk writer visited KP to see how a dedicated and innovative volunteer – Grant Mitchell – runs the program.
BY Bill Rankin, Communications Officer, "Toronto, eh? I know Toronto. Spent a lot of "I'm a volunteer, says Mitchell, "and I'm Communications and Citizen Engagement Sector time there myself when I was younger. Why here to help guys plan for when they get don't we have a seat here and we'll chat." He out — help them find a job, for instance." motions to a chair beside a small table in a He taps his clipboard with a pen."I have a few Photo: Bill Rankin quiet room adjacent to one of the Kingston questions for you, if you don't mind. These Penitentiary (KP) ranges. Robert hesitates, questions will get you thinking so you can "Hey, I understand you're getting out soon," then pulls the chair back and stretches his cover all the bases before you are out on the says the middle-aged man in the crisp white large frame over it, regarding the man with street. Have you thought about what you're shirt and sneakers, a clipboard under his arm. a mixture of scepticism and curiosity. going to do when you leave here?" The inmate, Robert, is a big fellow, well over "I'm Grant Mitchell, the 'pre-release guy'," "Uh, well yeah, some," is the guarded reply. six feet. He eyes the man with an expression of says the middle-aged man with a smile and "Great!" Mitchell exclaims. "Then bear with uncertainty, as if to say,"Who is this guy?" holds out his hand. Robert slowly extends me if you know some of the answers already." The middle-aged man smiles with disarm- his heavily inked arm. Mitchell grasps the His eyes twinkle and he launches into a well- ing friendliness."Where are you from?" calloused mitt and shakes it warmly, then rehearsed delivery: a mixture of light-hearted "Tionto," Robert replies in a low voice. offers a business card. banter, serious questions and bits of advice.
8 LET 'S TALK-MARCH 2007 VOLUME 31, NO. 3 Grant Mitchell in his interview with volunteer Sharon Mitchell and many others pipe, concrete forming, house framing and inmate Robert helped design it. So far, it's worldng very well:' many more skills. They not only acquire a sub-trade, but they also pay only $400 for the Breaking Down the Barriers course. And when they finish, they can start out "Fifty percent of the guys who walk in here at $16 per hour on a job site and within a year think they know it all and at first they are they are making $24 per hour. That's real money!" doubtful about what I have to offer. I have to Beyond job assistance, Mitchell educates "What kind of work have you done in the work hard to break down the barriers and gain offenders about tenants' rights, birth certificate past? Have your family or friends offered to their trust. I use my business skills — speaking applications and social services, anything that help you find work?" He sounds like either a ability, controlling a conversation, salesman- can keep these men afloat while they adjust to professional salesman or a radio host (he's ship, and being able to read and understand life outside the institution. been both in past careers) and Robert starts people — to get through to them. "I'm always on the lookout for information to visibly relax. He tips back the peak of his "I give inmates as much information as that is going to help these guys. And when they baseball cap to get a better look at Mitchell they can handle so when they walk out of here come in here with a problem, I tell them that I and focuses on what the older man is saying. they know their options and they have a plan. will try to solve it today. In my position, I have This is not lost on Mitchell. He may not have I encourage them to think about all the essentials: the luxury of time to do that." Robert's complete confidence yet, but soon transportation, reading a city map, finding a the offender will see that Mitchell is trying place to live, education, a job. You can tell it's Motivation to Help Others to help him. not easy for them at first. Many of them are Why does a respected businessman devote alone and without support. Once they are hundreds of hours to this effort when he could Another Chance at Life released, they will have to think for themselvesr be investing the time in his own business? And there is a good possibility that Robert The proper paperwork is essential outside What is the payoff for this hard working and will need help. Within the next 10 weeks he an institution but many inmates have lost theirs thoughtful man? And why does he want to help will be released from KP after being incarcer- over the course of time or never had it in the this segment of the population in particular, a ated — his time and movements strictly first place. If these details are taken care of group that many people would rather ignore? controlled — for the last eight years. He's been before release, inmates have a better chance "At 8:30 in the morning, I change from Grant in and out of institutions before, but this has of succeeding. Mitchell, salesman and administrator, to a very been his longest stretch and he's now pushing "I try to help them with their money, as different role in here. My job is to help these men 40 — no longer a young man with a world of well," says Mitchell. "Typically, they leave here understand that it is time to get on with their lives, opportunities before him. without very much. They need to be thrifty if to take a new role and to show them that if they As both the "pre-release guy" and citizens' they are going to survive. I give them a sheet make an effort, there are opportunities available. advisory committee member for Canada's oldest called Pre-Release Tips. Often they head for the I get a lot of gratification from knowing that I've penitentiary, Mitchell is a highly valued, appointed Kingston bus station and right next door is a helped some of these guys and contributed to volunteer who wants to see ex-inmates succeed Tim Horton's. They can get the soup, a roll and making our communities safer? and safely reintegrate into the outside world. a doughnut with a cup of coffee deal before He knows that the keys to success include they board the bus. It'll cost you $3.82; I tell Information and Sound Advice housing, contacts in the community and, of them. Little tips like that help them save." Inmate Robert leaves after talking with course, a steady job — things that many Mitchell for over half an hour. This is their first offenders have never had. And that's where Skills and Schooling encounter, but before Robert is released he will Mitchell and other volunteers in the program But they'll need more than just a full stom- probably be back to see the pre-release guy can help. ach if they are to make their way in the world. again. Mitchell will be ready for him with more "I tell the inmate right off the bat that I'm not Mitchell has done hours of thorough research helpful information and advice that will help interested in him from a legal standpoint," he to help provide offenders who lack education him on his way and just might keep him out of explains."I tell them I'm only interested in where and job skills — and that's most of them — trouble with the law. he is going and how he plans to support himself. with the contacts they'll need in the urban centres. As they leave the interview room, another "We started the Pre-Release Program as a pilot "I often point them to an organization in inmate hails Mitchell as he passes by."I'm getting back in 2005.A lot of CSC employees, including Toronto called the Universal Workers Union's out in a year, man. Don't forget me!" Mitchell former KP Warden Monty Bourke, Unit Manager Lifelong Learning Centre. It offers training in smiles, nods and gives him a thumbs up.You can Marg Rhodes, Assistant Warden Robert Clark, an array of construction work: laying sewer bet that Grant Mitchell won't forget anybody.•
MARCH 2007 VOLUME 31, NO. 3-LET'S TALK 9 a e ransition of Offenders into the COMMUnitV Circles of Sus sort ntability
Left to right: Edmonton Police Detective Wil Tonowski, former Ottawa Police Chief Vince Bevan, human rights lawyer Lawrence Greenspon, Roxanne Lief, Director of the Washington State Institute for Public Policy at the What Works conference
ircles of Support and Accountability (CoSA), the 12-year old volunteer-run initiative that my knowledge, none of our guys in Ottawa, has proven to be an effective method for dealing with high-risk, high-needs sex offenders current or past, have re-offended sexually. And C released at warrant expiry into communities across Canada, was highlighted at a recent studies have shown that it reduces recidivism national conference in Ottawa. rates by about 60 percent!'
BY Bill Rankin, Communications Officer, in CoSA's inception. Another sex offender Motivation to Help Communications and Citizen Engagement Sector had been released amid a public outcry and When one CoSA volunteer was asked what a circle was formed to support him. And again, prompted him to work with sex offenders, he Photos: Bill Rankin it worked. From these two acts, which mirrored replied,"I used to be like everyone else. I hated the "radical hospitality" espoused by the these guys. Then I met one. I realized pretty Public Safety Canada Minister Stockwell Christian Gospels, sprang what has since quickly that he's just like me. He's a human Day, in his opening remarks at the What Works become a world-renowned project embraced being just like I am. Once I understood that, I conference, invited participants to bring for- by faith and non-faith groups alike. could not turn my back on him. I hate what ward ideas for reducing the rate of repeat he's done but if he's willing to do his part, I'm offences. In response, respected human rights Creating National Unity willing to be there to help him. I don't want lawyer Lawrence Greenspon, Edmonton and Today, the organization has chapters in there to be any more victims!' Toronto police detectives Wil Tonowski and Canadian cities from Newfoundland and No more victims is the bottom line and Wendy Leaver, former Ottawa Police Chief Labrador to British Columbia, each with the with the help of CSC and other supporters, Vince Bevan, Correctional Service of Canada same mission statement but separate in every CoSA will continue to make Canadian commu- (CSC) staff, and others praised the CoSA program other way. This lack of unity is a situation nities safer places to live. for its long track record of effectiveness. that CoSA leaders want to change. They For more information, see the evaluation hope to meet soon to discuss a more strategic report of the CoSA pilot project www.csc-scc.gc. How It Started approach and ways to develop a stronger ca/text/rsrch/reports/r168/r168_e.shtml . The Just how does CoSA work and where did it national voice. following is an excerpt:"Overall, CoSA partici- start? CoSA-Ottawa program director Susan "Nobody can deny the effectiveness of pants have been responsible for considerably Love explains: CoSA," says Love."We walk with these guys, less sexual, violent, and general offending in "CoSA originated in Hamilton in 1994 with form a surrogate family around them, offer comparison to their matched compatriots, ulti- Mennonite Pastor Harry Nigh, who befriended them practical support and a friendly ear. Each mately contributing to savings both financially a mentally delayed, repeat sex offender — a offender signs a covenant to commit to the and, more importantly, in regard to human suffer- man who had been in and out of institutions terms of the program, including being involved ing!' Robin J. Wilson, Janice E. Picheca and Michelle his entire life. Nigh and some of his parish- for a minimum period of one year. They must Prinz,o, Correctional Service of Canada. • ioners formed a support group and obtained have a two-fold motivation for joining: not to Susan Love, funding from the Mennonite Central Committee of return to prison and, most importantly, never Ottawa Program Ontario and CSC to keep the group going. It to harm another person again. Director, Circles was effective; the man did not re-offend." "Another great thing about CoSA is its cost- of Support and A few months later, a similar situation effectiveness. It's run by volunteers and they Accountability arose in Toronto that would play a large part make it work. There's no question about it. To
10 LET 'S TALK-MARCH 2007 VOLUME 31, NO 3 a e ransition of Offenders into the Successful Reintegration Community of Ethnocultural Offenders Marcel Kabundi, Adapting and Reinforcing CSC's Basic Programs recipient of the Black History Month Steering hanks to its research-based correctional consultations with NPB Headquarters in Ottawa, Committee approach and programs, the Correctional the ethnocultural diversity awareness course Professional TService of Canada (CSC) enjoys an was developed and given to an initial group Excellence excellent reputation that extends beyond the of CSC Quebec employees at the Laval Staff Award was nation's borders to as far away as countries College by Kabundi. This first tool opens the declared Person of the Week by such as Kosovo and, more recently, Afghanistan. door to many others, such as Commissioner's Radio-Canada Whether in institutions or in the community, Directive (CD) 767 Ethnocultural Offender and LeDroit CSC administered programs target offenders' Programs. newspaper. criminogenic factors and prepare them for release on parole. However, do these same A Big Step Forward highly effective programs adequately meet "When I arrived in 1991 at National regional ethnocultural advisory committees the needs of ethnocultural offenders? Headquarters," Kabundi adds,"I found that it of professionals representative of Canada's was necessary to start from scratch to bring general and prison population, the Multi- BY Manilla Amellal, Ph.D, Communications about changes. We needed a policy that would culturalism Award, and the recruitment of Officer, Communications and Citizen take into account the specific needs of ethnocul- ethnically diverse staff in order to have the Engagement Sector tural offenders, and whose ultimate objective was internal cultural skills crucial to communica- to adapt regular CSC programs to the situation tion and intervention with ethnocultural Photo: Bill Rankin of ethnocultural offenders. This would lead to minority offenders." better results." Professionals in the field of corrections In 1994, the CSC Audit and Investigation Work Renriaining speak of high-quality programs such as the Sector performed an internal audit to review Professionals in the field consider that the Living Skills Program, the Substance Abuse the scope of the programs offered to Aboriginal objective should not be having specific pro- Intervention Program, the Program for Sexual and ethnocultural offenders. The audit Report grams for ethnocultural offenders, but rather Offenders, the Violence Prevention Program, or recommends, in part, that NHQ should clarify adapting and enhancing the foundations of the education and employment programs, to which assessment strategies and psychological the CSC basic programs so as to customize name just a few. However, in the case of ethno- tests can be used for Native and ethnocultural intervention. This approach will guarantee cultural offenders, these programs can further offenders (Rec. 2), that appropriate cross-cultural the quality of these programs. be strengthened. According to Marcel Kabundi, awareness training be strongly encouraged for The same professionals, including the CSC National Manager, Ethnocultural Programs, all staff especially those who have direct regular Chair of the National Advisory Ethnocultural NHQ, to ensure that programs recommended contact with inmates (Rec. 4) and that regions Committee, Professor E. Douyon, following data in the correctional plan of ethnocultural and institutions review the role which Native collected throughout CSC regions, recommend, offenders have an effect, these programs and ethnocultural communities can play (Rec. 5). for example, that CSC take a further look must be individualized. As a result of this report, the CD Ethnocultural at the criteria for validating cultural equivalencies Offender Programs was created. It strengthens for correctional programs, such as content Start at the Beginning the basic programs by requiring that the diverse equivalency, and the relevance of components "When I arrived at the Leclerc Institution needs of ethnocultural offenders be taken into for the culture at issue and for the offender in the Quebec Region in 1987:' explains Marcel account in order to effectively help them correct being assessed. Do these components have the Kabundi,"I was surprised to find that a unit, the factors related to their criminal behaviour same meaning for all cultures? Is the evalua- commonly known as the 'United Nations: cov- and reduce the risk of recidivism. tion method comparable between cultures? Is ered all of the offenders belonging to ethnic At the time, the hard work involved in crafting the interpretation of the components the same, minorities. I also noted that my colleagues the CD Ethnocultural Offender Programs given that each culture has its own norms? experienced communication problems when started in cooperation with Mario Dion, "All these aspects and parameters must be faced with the varying cultures of the offenders. former Deputy Commissioner, Correctional included in order to adapt and customize CSC Moreover, the mediocre quality of language Operations and Programs Sector and now programs, based on the criminogenic and cul- interpretation at some parole hearings could Chairman of the National Parole Board. "CD tural needs of offenders belonging to ethnic mislead the members of the National Parole 767 changed a lot of things from the outset," minorities," Kabundi explains."It is essential Board (NPB), resulting in erroneous decisions Kabundi said."This directive then became the that the assessment, analysis and interpretation in granting parole or maintaining in detention:' in-house source document and resulted in a tools be adapted to ethnocultural differences in As a result of these observations and great deal of progress, such as the creation of order to make fair and informed decisions." •
MARCH 2007 VOLUME 31, NO. 3-LET'S TALK 11 Partn a hips and Emplo Support Reintegrati
oday, more than ever, the safe transition and reintegration of offenders into the Full Circle Bicycles is a Mississauga-based community requires not only preparing offenders for parole from the beginning of their company owned by Peter Daniels, who origi- Tsentences, but also creating partnerships within the community that will receive the nally comes from Trinidad. Daniels signed an offenders. It is this ultimate objective that CSC is pursuing, day after day, by building bridges agreement with CSC to offer professional with various groups in the community. training and technical advice on vehicle main- tenance to women offenders from Grand Valley The manager of National Ethnocultural Programs, Marcel Kabundi, talks to us about the issue Institution in Kitchener. This training in a and about current and future achievements related to ethnocultural offenders. non-traditional field has been specifically requested by offenders. "I am very happy to be part of this innova- BY Djamila Amellal, Ph.D, Communications Office face when they are released from institutions — tive project and to make a contribution to Communications and Citizen Engagement Sector the stigma of a criminal record, their cultural public safety," commented Daniels. "When affiliation and their training acquired during offenders acquire sought-after skills, this gives their incarceration. There have been numerous them a better chance to find a job quickly. Photos: Bill Rankin and Courtesy of positive spin-offs from the conference, including "This project is important for me. For Peter Daniels a very useful guide that provides a list of practical reasons, we have decided that the companies that will support parolees "Building bridges and establishing partner- seeking employment." ships with the community and with business people, in particular, is at the heart of CSC's One of So Many Initiatives Mission:' said Kabundi."That is why, in 2005, The Toronto conference has achieved its thanks to the financial aid provided by objective, and has not only built awareness Canadian Heritage, we organized a conference around the potential of this new labour force, in Toronto entitled Building Bridges with but has also paved the way for several partnerships Ethnocultural Communities. It was a resounding with a variety of business people. A good success. It allowed the business community example is the partnership between CSC Peter Daniels to gain awareness of the reality that offenders and Full Circle Bicycles.
12 LET 'S TALK-MARCH 2007 VOLUME 31, NO. 3 CSC Diversity Committee members Marcel Kabundi and Bill Staubi (both in orange headgear) meet with leaders of the Sikh community in Ottawa to discuss ethnocultural issues and the rights of otfenders from the Sikh community.
years by Heritage Canada. The memorandum Many community partners, professionals, of understanding has just been signed and the and role models from Canadian ethno-cultural funding is already beginning to generate note- communities have been invited to the confer- worthy initiatives related to the reintegration ence, which will also help raise awareness of of ethnocultural offenders. One such initiative CSC's mission. It's a way to express to members is the KARIBU program (a Swahili term of the community how much CSC values their meaning welcome). contribution, their role in working with parolees, and their contribution to public safety. The KARIBU Program: Well-Planned and Fair All Roads Lead to Rome The funding from Heritage Canada has Kabundi, who brings to this task 20 years' enabled the development of a second confer- experience at CSC and his experience as a ence, which will take place later this year, to magistrate in his native Congo, says alternative build on the momentum of Building Bridges. routes have been needed to overcome chal- The KARIBU program, a long-term effort based lenges. He has personally solicited the support on research in criminology and data collected of the Canadian Council of Chief Executives by ethno-cultural advisory committees across (CCCE) for ethno-cultural offenders on parole, Canada, will be unveiled at that conference. and now educates the executives about the dis- KARIBU is the result of a collaborative crimination offenders face in the community effort between Kabundi and internationally and their difficulties in finding employment. known psychologist Professor Emerson "Integration only occurs through employ- Douyon, the Chairman of the National ment," he says,"so the only solution is to company representatives will go to the institu- Ethnocultural Advisory Committee. inform and educate people in the business tion to provide the offenders with theoretical "Professor Douyon and I are working to community who can help out. These education and practical training at various levels and develop the IMBU program, which is specifi- efforts are in the interest of offenders, CSC and in various subject components. This training cally geared to ethnocultural offenders," said. the safety of the entire community." will last three to six months, depending on the Kabundi."This program takes into consideration While work continues on other projects that candidate's level. Offenders will be awarded a many of the details contained in Commissioner's will be unveiled at the conference, Kabundi certificate on completion of the training. Directive 767 in order to effectively address the says that support for the conference continues "Full Circle always recruits trained employees," needs of offenders. KARIBU is a comprehensive to pour in. For instance, CCCE Executive Daniels notes."These offenders can apply for program that also includes a chapter on Vice-President David Stewart-Patterson has jobs within this company or other companies offenders who will be deported at some confirmed participation in the conference. when out on conditional release. It is hoped point in time during their sentence because Proud of his intuition about the future, that the job will motivate them and ease their they are not Canadian citizens." Kabundi adds: "We are on the right track. Little gradual and safe return into the community, In addition to this eagerly awaited program, by little, we are getting closer to our objectives will ensure financial independence, and pro- the upcoming conference will include the and I am very optimistic. We must strengthen mote a feeling of pride and accomplishment." presentation of other extremely useful tools, existing partnerships and establish new ones. including a list of CSC employees who speak We must raise awareness and educate people Determination Pays Off many languages and can assist as cultural because they need to understand that it is our As outlined in the action plan from the first mediators in various ways behind the walls, duty to contribute and that we all have a role to conference, Kabundi, a man of vision, set down such as at the initial admission assessment or play. Each of us must bring a piece to rebuild to the hard work of finding the necessary in conflict situations. They also hope to estab- the broken walls and create a harmonious liv- funding to carry out a multitude of projects lish a list of business champions who will hire ing environment characterized by respect for similar to the Full Circle Bicycles project. His parolees from ethnocultural communities. our diversity. We must not hesitate to reach out determination has paid off. Under the program "These champions will reinforce our objectives to others. We have a moral obligation to help Enhancing the Cultural Competency of CSC in by making official commitments to give these each other and give a second chance to those Dealing With Ethnocultural Communities and offenders a second chance — despite their criminal who deserve it. Isn't this what the sense of col- Offenders from Diverse Cultural Backgrounds, records and the differences in their appearance lective responsibility and social solidarity are CSC has been granted $400,000 over three from the rest of society,' explains Kabundi. all about? "•
MARCH 2007 VOLUME 31, NO. 3-LET'S TALIC 13 Community Supervision of Offenders
ection 810 peace bonds are court orders that enable the police to protect the The S public by requiring an individual who poses a threat to society to abide by specific conditions for up to one year. This is the story of how this complex and demanding process is successfully coordinated by criminal justice Case of partners and includes the key role played by the Correctional Service of Canada.
BY Bill Rankin, Communications Officer, Mr. Z Communications and Citizen Engagement Sector, Teal Maedel, Psychologist, Vancouver Parole, and RCMP Staff Sergeant/Psychologist Matt Logan, Behavioural Science Group
Photo: Pierre St-Jacques
Mr. Z is an offender with a lengthy criminal history. For his most recent crime, he was sen- tenced to seven years inside the Correctional Service of Canada's (CSC's) maximum-security Kent Institution near Chilliwack, British Columbia. When he reached his parole eligibility date, the National Parole Board (NPB) decided to keep him in prison until warrant expiry. The NPB decision was based, in part, on CSC's contribution to the process. CSC psychol- ogist Teal Maedel carefully assessed Mr. Z's risk and concluded that for numerous reasons he should be detained. As Mr. Z's warrant expiry date draws near, CSC and its partners want to take action to ensure that he receives adequate supervision and support once he is outside the jurisdiction of the Service.
Effective Measures Currently, to help ensure public safety, law enforcement depends on some very innovative and effective measures — legislation that has evolved to allow offenders like Mr. Z to be con- trolled with restrictions that extend beyond their warrant expiry dates. One of these powerful legal tools is called a Section 810 (of the Criminal Code of Canada) recognizance order. It allows police to impose restrictions for up to one year after release if there are reasonable grounds to expect an offender may commit a serious personal injury Mr. Z is released under the 810 order imposed by the court. offence. Strict conditions can be imposed, including a measure that prohibits a suspect
14 LET'S TALK-MARCH 2007 VOLUME 31, NO. 3 a e ransition of Offenders into the Communi
from possessing firearms or ammunition, and to cooperate while incarcerated and the dis- Support—dedicated and trained volunteers another that requires the offender to report to turbing reports of some of his victims. who would keep a close eye on him, report any police or a correctional authority. Section 810s evidence of him entering into another crime have been particularly useful in cases where A Legal Threshold cycle and help him in his transition into the prior violent crimes resulted in a sentence that The two psychologists on the committee, community on release. was eventually completed, as in the case of Mr. Z. Teal Maedel and Staff Sgt. Logan, help their Mr. Z informs his institutional parole officer fellow committee members reach a consensus: that he intends to head for Vancouver once he Essential Intelligence Networks Mr. Z should be subject to sanctions once he is is released. The Vancouver Police's High Risk As Mr. Z's release date approaches, law released. Now, the committee turns to Crown Offender Unit is notified. Another team, the enforcement agencies are in close communica- Counsel Roger Cutler to tell them whether the Coordinated High Risk Offender Management tion with CSC institutional parole officers who offender meets the legal threshold for impos- team (CHROMe), composed of police, a com- provide information from their own files on ing the 810 order. munity probation officer, a psychologist and the offender, including his risk and psychological Cutler ponders the key legal question: Are outreach workers, is waiting in Vancouver, assessment and evidence of his crime cycle. there reasonable grounds to fear that Mr. Z will ready to help Mr. Z with his transition into In the Pacific Region, these data are relayed to commit a serious personal injury offence on his the community. the RCMP Behavioural Science Group (BSG), release? Because of Mr. Z's criminal record, his The Iwo weeks finally pass and Mr. Z is which has developed highly sophisticated refusal to take programs while incarcerated released, on the street and on the move.Will he intelligence networks to gather all available and the results of his recent psychiatric assess- comply with the conditions of his 810 order? For a high-risk offender information, not only from ments, the Crown prosecutor believes an 810 few days, the answer is'yes: but then both the CSC, but also from the Vancouver Police order should be sought that includes specific Vancouver Police and CHROMe workers note signs Department's High-Risk Offender Unit. conditions (no alcohol or drugs), with the aim of deterioration in his attitude and a return to his RCMP behavioural psychologist Staff of preventing his crime cycle from being triggered. crime cycle: he skips a therapy session, neglects to Sergeant Matt Logan explains: "Using a complete daily logs on his thoughts and feelings, template called I-SPIN, we take all this infor- The 810 Coordinator and cooks up a story about why he can't meet with mation... Every known location frequented Once these decisions are made, Mr. Z's file support workers. CHROMe notifies Behavioural by each of these offenders is plotted on an is passed on to 810 Coordinator Judy Dizy, a Sciences and an I-SPOT team is quickly dispatched electronic mapping system and colour coded detective from the RCMP Behavioural Science and begins surveillance. to correspond with the template score given Group and an expert at preparing the report It's not long before their man reveals his to each offender." for Crown counsel that will be handed to the intentions. The team trails him by vehicle and "This system is crucial" says Staff Sgt. judge in charge of granting the order. Offender on foot to one of his old haunts, a crumbling Logan."Should there be [an offence conunitted] information, including victim target group, block of dilapidated hotels near the corner of in a particular location, the mapping system known residences, associates, crime cycle and Main and Hastings in Vancouver's notorious will identify the most likely suspects" many other factors, is part of the report to east end. He's observed buying cocaine from But I-SPIN is only half the story. Both Crown prosecutors. a drug dealer and kibitzing with known the RCMP and Vancouver Police have at their In the meantime, Detective Dizy makes the disposal observation teams (I-SPOT) that journey from downtown Vancouver to Kent closely monitor offenders who show signs Institution to interview Mr. Z and inform him of trouble. These teams, ideally made up of of the intent to impose the order. After mulling full-time units of 10 officers, are trained in it over and weighing his options, Mr. Z realizes surveillance techniques and in understanding that he has little chance of successfily blocking it offenders and their specific crime cycles. and decides not to legally contest the order. This is a relief for law enforcement; a challenge would eat Preparing for Mr. Z's Release up valuable time. Naturally, for everyone involved, The Pacific Region team involved in the 810 order Three months prior to his release, Mr. Z's offender consent for an 810 order is the process. Left to right Steve Howell, British Columbia (BC) Corrections; Teal Maedel, on sec- name is passed from the CSC Warrant Expiry preferred route. ondment to RCMP-BSG from CSC and past Chair, Date Coordinator to the High Risk Recognizance Pacific Region NJC; Roger Cutler, Crown counsel, Advisory Committee (HRRAC), an interagency Everyone Gets Ready BC Criminal Justice Branch; Greg Fitch, Director, coordinating body that reviews every federal The court imposes the order two weeks Ministry of the BC Attorney General and Pacific offender that has been detained until his or before Mr. Z's release, and now police are Region National Joint Committee Chair, Senior Criminal Justice Officials; Staff Sergeant Matt her warrant expiry date, with an eye to apply- empowered to take over the functions of Logan, RCMP; Bob Brown, Corrections Program ing an 810 order. A case review by HRRAC monitoring and, if need be, intervention. The Director, International Centre for Criminal Law weighs many factors, including Mr. Z's refusal offender has refused the offer of a Circle of Reform and Criminal Justice Policy
MARCH 2007 VOLUME 31, NO. 3-.LET 'S TALK 15 prostitutes along their stroll. Clearly, the A Year Later placed on bail with conditions identical to the offender has no wish to stick to his conditions. Fast forward almost a year to a time close expiring order and a trial date is set. At the The I-SPOT team quickly nabs him before he to the expiry of the 810 order. Since his release trial, six months later, the court grants a can progress in his crime cycle. He is charged after the breach conviction, Mr. Z has been renewal for another year. with possession of a narcotic and breach of compliant, crime free and cooperating with The year passes uneventfully and Mr. Z's recognizance. outreach workers. The I-SPOT surveillance has support system in the community continues "In British Columbia' comments Crown been called off, but HRRAC members agree to strengthen: he has settled into an apartment Counsel Cutler,"our, courts take breaches of that an application for renewal of the 810 and been hired at a local recycling plant. 810s much more seriously than breaches of order is necessary. Before they make the appli- He is assessed again and no renewal of the other court orders. The judges recognize the cation, the offender is brought in for another 810 order is sought. risk the community is exposed to and they psychological assessment. know that the offender fully understood that "Mr. Z is one of those individuals who Partners in Safety his breach triggers his criminal behaviour." seems to thrive on structure and support:' Mr. Z's 810 order is a study in cooperation Mr. Z is handed a sentence of three months. the psychologist reports."His history both between criminal justice partners. It highlights the While in custody, outreach workers visit him in custody and on release indicates that his importance of strong alliances and interagency and discuss the breach and plans are made for present success is due to it, at least in part!' communication in managing the risk of re-offend- substance abuse treatment. On release, I-SPOT The 810 coordinator prepares another ing and provides the offender with incentives to surveillance resumes whik outreach workers help application and the Crown takes it to court participate in the community. CSC plays a key role the offender find a place to live and other efforts three weeks before expiry of the first order. in this complex response and makes an essential are made to stabilize him. Mr. Z opposes the application. He is quickly contribution to community safety. •
CSC Expertise in Afghanistan From Kabul to Kandahar
SC Assistant Deputy Commissioner Thérèse LeBlanc was high in the sky, C gazing down from a Hercules air transport plane at the jagged, granite spine of the Hindu Kush, thousands of feet below. She was on her way from Kabul, Afghanistan's capital, to the city of Kandahar, a Taliban strong- hold in the country's southernmost reaches.
BY Bill Rankin, Communications Officer, Communications and Citizen Engagement Sector
Photos courtesy of Thérèse LeBlanc
An International Effort When LeBlanc reached her destination, she would become one of thousands of international e A flak jacket, Kevlar helmet and ballistic goggles are essential workers including approximately 2,500 members gear for Thérèse LeBlanc and of the Canadian Armed Forces currently serving all other Canadian government as part of Joint Task Force Afghanistan. They play personnel that travel throughout a key role in the NATO-led International Security the country. Assistance Force mission whose goal, according
16 LET 'S TALK-MARCH 2007 VOLUME 31, NO. 3 to the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT) is "to help bring security and stability, and foster development in Afghanistan!'
Experience and Expertise As a manager with decades of correctional expertise, LeBlanc's three-week mission (mid- July to August 2006) was one of the most recent chapters in CSC's involvement in Afghanistan. It started approximately four years ago when CSC Special Advisor Dru Allen journeyed to Kabul to Pol E Charki Prison outside of Kabul help develop a 10-year strategy for the Afghan Ministry of Justice entitled Justice for All. LeBlanc's goal was to assess the Afghan situation and challenges faced in the Kandahar correctional system in Kandahar: staff training region. For living accommodations, she was needs, building and rebuilding of facilities, transported in a Canadian military armoured administrative reform and determine what role personnel carrier that threaded its way in a CSC could play in the future. Before departing convoy to the smaller Canadian military base, for the southern city, LeBlanc made a four-day known as the Provincial Reconstruction Team stop in Kabul, where she met with the Afghan (PRT), located across the city on the grounds of minister of justice; Rick Reiman, Winnipeg an old canning factory. Engineers had converted Parole Area Director - CSC's current representa- the facility to accommodate 250 troops as well as tive in the capital; the head of the United Nations representatives from various federal government A military convoy rolls through the streets Assistance Mission in Afghanistan; and represen- departments - the Canadian International of Kandahar. tatives from the Ministry of Justice working Development Agency, DFAIT, RCMP and CSC - group on prisons and detentions centres, as well who are part of the international effort. as other international partners involved in the "It was a lot like living in a CSC correctional possible training and mentoring opportunities rebuilding of the country. institution!' LeBlanc comments,"a perimeter between CSC trainers and Afghan prison staff "This set the stage for me:' commented wall and guard towers all around.You were free and cross-training opportunities with the RCMP LeBlanc."and gave me an overall look at the to travel anywhere within the perimeter but leav- and Afghan National Police on such topics as national strategy, achievements to date and ing the base required a military convoy escort. search methods and human rights issues. future challenges. I also toured the Pol E Charki During those forays everyone's life was at risk "The Afghans that I met were very grateful for Prison outside of Kabul [a multi-nationally so you didn't ask lightly to go. It had to be Canada's presence and assistance and wanted funded project). Old sections have been refur- absolutely necessary!' this to continue!' said LeBlanc."And the young bished and a new maximum-security section Canadian soldiers I talked to were extremely area is being constructed as part of the Ministry Touring the Prisons committed to the mission. They face the dangers of Justice's strategic plan. It's close to completion. Sarpoza, the provincial prison, was a with bravery. The RCMP is also doing great work My time in Kabul provided me with an overview 40-minute drive from the PRT base. On a with the Afghan police!' and a framework on which to base my assess- typical journey, with a searing, outdoor air All in all, LeBlanc says it was an amazing ment of the progress in the prison system once temperature of 58 °C, the personnel carriers experience on so many levels and a once-in-a- I got to Kandahar!' quickly heated up. Passengers sweated inside lifetime chance to make a contribution to global their 30-1b. flak jackets and constantly swigged security. Would she go back?"I'd love to," she Reaching Kandahar from their water bottles to stave off dehydration. says,"but it would take some long conversations LeBlanc's military transport touched down in LeBlanc toured various correctional facilities, with my family in light of the continued security the southern city at the Kandahar Air Force Base, communicating with staff through an interpreter, issues faced in the region!" home to a multinational security force of several and seeing firsthand the basic conditions both As a direct result of LeBlanc's work, in early thousand soldiers. During the first 48 hours, she for offenders and for the extremely dedicated February CSC deployed two staff to the PRT to met with Canadian military and Afghan govern- employees. Based on her impressions, she has begin a training and mentoring program with ment officials who provided an overview of the made numerous recommendations concerning staff at the provincial prison in Kandahar. •
MARCH 2007 VOLUME 31, NO. 3-LET'S TALK 17 Contributions in Line with Our Resources Sustainable Development Strategy
2007-2010 t.ede
Pushkar Godbole, Acting Director General, Technical Services; Ruth Rathwell, Officer, Environmental Programs; Paul Provost, National Paul Provost, M.Sc., National Coordinator, Coordinator, Environment Protection Programs; and Lucien Gosselin, Environmental Protection Programs Manager, Environmental Programs, have coordinated the development of the SOS in close consultation with all regions. Absent from the photo: Jocelyne Landriault, Environmental Programs Officer. Photo: Bill Rankin
n March I, 2007, the Honourable Stockwell Day, Minister of Public Safety Canada, tabled areas. This time we have tried to reap maxi- to Parliament the Correctional Service of Canada's (CSC) fourth Sustainable Development mum benefit from those lessons learned by O Strategy (SDS). The strategy set out CSC's environmental commitments for April 2007 to making specific commitments that are in line March 2010, building on the 1997, 2000 and 2003 SDSs. With the experience gained throughout with the resources currently available to us. the last decade, we produced an SDS that seeks a balance between the sustainable development Aspiring to do more for the environment and goals we wish to reach and the targets we can reasonably achieve. Our task is proving to be rather sustainable development is definitely a laud- challenging because federal departments required to submit SDSs can be audited by the Office of able goal, and we should pursue it tirelessly. the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development on their success in meeting However, if we keep repeating the same mis- recommended targets. Considering that the list of requirements keeps growing while dedicated resources takes we will end up losing the credibility that remain limited, we needed to adjust our expectations to bring them in line with our resources. is crucial to the progress of any undertaking. In short, sometimes it is better to backtrack somewhat so we can review and strengthen Nature of the Contributions 5. support for sustainable communities our foundations, rather than to keep working Although environmental issues have 6. sustainable use of natural resources on unsettled ground. remained relatively unchanged since our first 7. strengthened governance and decisions SDS, this time we focused more rigorously that support sustainable development. Priority Action toward our forthcoming environmental contri- CSC has made a commitment to pursue Both financial and human resources allocated butions. On these grounds, we encourage you diligently, until 2010, fourteen specific, to environmental programs and sustainable to consult our 2007-2010 SDS which includes measurable, attainable targets that are development have remained relatively a four-level logic model based on a hierarchical realistically achievable in a timely manner. unchanged since 1997, while environmental structure of goals, objectives, commitments demands have continued to grow. To reduce and targets. Scope of Commitments this gap, we must focus on wisely allocating To achieve the strategic outcome to "con- Some will think that the scope of commit- resources, especially at the institution level. tribute to a just, peaceful and safe Canadian ments in the new SDS is too modest since the This approach is vital to keeping environmental society, respectful of natural resources and targets—although more numerous than in the protection a priority and will result in concrete ecological capacities," the new strategy renews 2000 and 2003 SDSs— may appear to make an actions leading to significant outcomes. In our commitments to the following aspects: insignificant contribution to sustainable devel- brief, we are counting on the 2007-2010 SDS 1. reduction of greenhouse gas emissions opment. However, we must look beneath the to exceed all our past commitments! causing climate change surface and consider long-term gains. Except for For more information about CSC's 2. protection of the atmosphere the SDS 2003, previous strategies failed to achieve Sustainable Development Strategy 2007-2010, 3. conservation of air quality in the most of the expected targets, primarily because please go to http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/ lower atmosphere we did not have the resources to improve and publictitle_e.shtml• 4. protection of the hydrosphere accurately assess our performance in certain
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