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GAUCHE & DROITE Quelles Différences Classe de 3ème EMC DROITE/GAUCHE Quelles différences ? 4 GAUCHE & DROITE Quelles différences ? SOMMAIRE C’est quoi la droite et la gauche ? Présidentielle 2017 : qui sont les 11 candidats ? / t e n ie. h p ra g o t is h / / : ps tt h Classe de 3ème EMC DROITE/GAUCHE Quelles différences ? 1 GAUCHE & DROITE Quelles différences ? Il faut rappeler, d'abord et avant tout, que tous les politiques, quelque soit leur parti, ont pour ambition de rendre les gens heureux. Les programmes prétendent tous améliorer la vie des gens. Il n'y a pas la méchante droite d'un côté, et la gentille gauche de l'autre, ou inversement. Les extrêmes n'y échappent pas, qui proposent toutefois des méthodes un peu plus radicales pour y parvenir. « Reste, qu’on soit de droite ou de gauche, à l’être intelligemment. C’est le plus difficile. C’est le plus important. L’intelligence n’est d’aucun camp. C’est pourquoi nous avons besoin des deux, et de l’alternance entre les deux ». André Comte Sponville, philosophe. Naissance de la droite et de la gauche sous la Révolution française La division droite et gauche est née pendant la Révolution française. Quand les tout nouveaux députés de l'Assemblée de 1791 ont dû se décider sur le rôle du roi, ils n'étaient pas d'accord. Certains voulaient que le roi conserve des droits (les conservateurs), d'autres souhaitaient que ses droits soient limités (les partisans du changement). Pour se distinguer, les conservateurs se sont assis à la / droite du président de l'Assemblée et les partisans du changement, à t e n sa gauche. ie. h p Ainsi sont nées la droite et la gauche. ra g o t is h Aujourd'hui, à l'Assemblée nationale, les députés de droite ont / / : conservé leur place à la droite du président de l'Assemblée, les ps tt députés de gauche, à sa gauche, et ceux du centre au centre. h Sommaire Classe de 3ème EMC DROITE/GAUCHE Quelles différences ? 2 En théorie Dans la pratique, c’est compliqué La gauche La droite La gauche La droite Plutôt tournée vers le changement, Attachée au maintien, à la conservation, même si l'on sait que tout n'est pas la société n'est pas si mal faite ; il faut possible, on a plutôt tendance à corriger quelques-uns de ses défauts, mais La loi El Khomri (ouLoi vouloir améliorer la société. La dans l'ensemble, elle est satisfaisante. La Travail) du 9 août Le président Giscard 2016 est passée en Les idées gauche est plutôt réformiste. Elle droite est plus conservatrice (les valeurs de la d’Estaing (1974-1981) force sans vote (art. défend les réformes et cherche le famille, du travail…), la droite est réaliste et générales 49.3) et contre l’avis fait voter l’IVG, la dialogue et le compromis (avec les cherche l’efficacité. des syndicats de majorité à 18 ans. syndicats, les associations…). Pour que la société aille mieux, il faut queles gauche (CGT et FO). Pour que les individus aillent mieux, individus aillent mieux. il faut que la société aille mieux. Le président Le président Sarkozy Les milieux riches ou aisés, pour préserver Hollande (2012- (2007-2012) favorise les Dans la Les milieux modestes, pour espérer leurs richesses : couches supérieures, 2017) favorise les petits salaires en société qui avoir une vie meilleure : couches indépendants (artisans, commerçants, entreprises pour supprimant les impôts adhère ? populaires, les salariés modestes. professions libérales) tenter de diminuer sur les heures le chômage. supplémentaires. Fait confiance au marché et privatise plus facilement, mais essaie de lutter contre les Fait confiance à l’État et se montre inégalités sociales. plus interventionniste. Est devenue La volonté de réussir provoque le besoin de plus réaliste sur le plan économique. Sous le gouvernement s'instruire, de créer des entreprises, Pour que chacun dispose d'un de Jospin (1997-2002) d'innover, ce qui au final crée de la Les idées capital de départ financier, culturel, l’ensemble des croissance, des emplois et plus généralement privatisationsrapporte économiques symbolique, à peu près équivalent, de la richesse. Celle-ci peut alors être plus ou 31 milliards d’€ en / les questions d'éducation, de t cinq ans. e moins redistribuée par l'Etat, au travers de n protection sociale, d'infrastructure, dispositifs comme la Sécurité sociale, ie. h de logement dominent. p l'assurance chômage, l'enseignement, ou les ra g infrastructures collectives. o t is Les idées en h / / politique Souvent d’un avis convergent pour la gauche et la droite sauf dans le cas des extrêmes gauche et droite. : ps étrangère tt h Sommaire Classe de 3ème EMC DROITE/GAUCHE Quelles différences ? 3 Libéralisme culturel EELV En Marche,Macron PS Socialdémocrate PS Gauche populaire Modem Intervention de l’État Libéralisme économique UDI Front de Gauche UMPlibéraux Parti communiste / t e n ie. h p ra g o t is h / / : ps Front national UMP droite « dure » tt h Conservatisme Sommaire Classe de 3ème EMC DROITE/GAUCHE Quelles différences ? 4 Présidentielle 2017 : les 11 candidats A gauche quelques candidats éliminés / t e n ie. h p ra g o t is h / / : ps tt h Sommaire Classe de 3ème EMC DROITE/GAUCHE Quelles différences ? 4 Présidentielle 2017 : les 11 candidats A droite quelques candidats éliminés / t e n ie. h p ra g o t is h / / : ps tt h Sommaire Classe de 3ème EMC DROITE/GAUCHE Quelles différences ? 4 Présidentielle 2017 : les 11 candidats Nathalie Arthaud (Lutte ouvrière) François Asselineau (Union populaire républicaine) Jacques Cheminade (Solidarité et progrès) Nicolas Dupont-Aignan (Debout la France) François Fillon (Les Républicains) Benoît Hamon (Parti socialiste) Jean Lassalle (Résistons ! ) Marine Le Pen (Front national) Emmanuel Macron (En marche ! ) Jean-Luc Mélenchon (La France insoumise) / t e Philippe Poutou (Nouveau parti anticapitaliste) n ie. h p ra g o t is h / / : ps tt h Sommaire Classe de 3ème EMC DROITE/GAUCHE Quelles différences ? 4 Présidentielle 2017 GAUCHE GAUCHE & DROITE DROITE Nathalie Arthaud (Lutte Emmanuel Macron François Asselineau (Union ouvrière) (En marche !) populaire républicaine) Benoît Hamon (Parti Jacques Cheminade (Solidarité socialiste) et progrès) Jean-Luc Mélenchon (La Nicolas Dupont-Aignan (Debout France insoumise) la France) Philippe Poutou (Nouveau François Fillon (Les parti anticapitaliste) Républicains) Jean Lassalle (Résistons !) / t e Marine Le Pen (Front national) n ie. h p ra g o t is h / / : ps tt h Sommaire Classe de 3ème EMC DROITE/GAUCHE Quelles différences ? 4 Présidentielle 2017 Nathalie Arthaud (Lutte ouvrière) La candidate de Lutte ouvrière (LO), Nathalie Arthaud, va vivre sa deuxième campagne présidentielle, après celle de 2012. Elle avait alors obtenu 0,56 % des voix. Quatre ans plus tôt, en 2008, elle était devenue porte-parole nationale de LO, succédant à la figure emblématique du parti trotskiste, Arlette Laguiller. En 2009 et 2014, elle a été candidate aux élections européennes, où elle a obtenu respectivement 0,84 % et 0,85 % des voix. Elle s’est présentée également aux élections législatives de 2012 en Seine-Saint-Denis, où elle a réuni 2,47 % des suffrages. Son parcours : Professeure agrégée d'économie-gestion, Nathalie Arthaud est une militante de longue date de Lutte Ouvrière, âgée de 47 ans. En 2008, elle est nommée porte-parole du mouvement puis investie candidate à l'élection présidentielle de 2012. Elle arrive à la neuvième place avec 0,56% des voix. En 2016, LO la désigne de nouveau pour représenter «le camp des travailleurs». Le réseau militant de LO est solide, ce qui permet à Nathalie Arthaud de réunir, sans trop de peine, ses 500 parrainages. Ses idées : Sans cesse questionnée sur ses différences avec le Nouveau parti anticapitaliste, Nathalie Arthaud n'a de cesse de répéter qu'elle est la seule candidate communiste. Ses références sont la Commune de Paris et la révolution soviétique, sans revendication de la période staliniste, considérée comme une caricature du communisme. Les idées de son programme sont dans cette veine: «accueil des migrants à bras ouverts», disparition des frontières, renversement du capitalisme… / t e n ie. Son ambition : Nathalie Arthaud ne désire pas accomplir un destin personnel, au travers du cadre des institutions, puisqu'elle h p ra souhaite les renverser. Son but est la multiplication des revendications dans la rue, jusqu'à la révolte ultime: la révolution. g o t is h / / : ps tt h Sources : Le Figaro & Le Monde http://www.lefigaro.fr/elections/presidentielles/2017/03/18/35003-20170318ARTFIG00052-presidentielle-qui-sont-les-11-candidats-sur-la-ligne-de-depart.php http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2017/03/18/deux-femmes-neuf-hommes-qui-sont-les-candidats-qualifies-pour-l-election-presidentielle_5096791_4854003.html Sommaire Classe de 3ème EMC DROITE/GAUCHE Quelles différences ? 4 Présidentielle 2017 Le site de campagne de Nathalie Arthaud (cliquez sur l’image) / t e n ie. h p ra g o t is h / / : ps tt h Sources : Le Figaro & Le Monde http://www.lefigaro.fr/elections/presidentielles/2017/03/18/35003-20170318ARTFIG00052-presidentielle-qui-sont-les-11-candidats-sur-la-ligne-de-depart.php http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2017/03/18/deux-femmes-neuf-hommes-qui-sont-les-candidats-qualifies-pour-l-election-presidentielle_5096791_4854003.html Sommaire Classe de 3ème EMC DROITE/GAUCHE Quelles différences ? 4 Présidentielle 2017 Benoît Hamon (Parti socialiste) Lui aussi est l’un des vainqueurs surprise des primaires organisées par les partis. En janvier, l’ancien frondeur du gouvernement l’a emporté face à Manuel Valls au second tour de la primaire à gauche, faisant de lui le successeur du Parti socialiste à François Hollande pour briguer l’investiture suprême. Son ancrage à gauche, Benoît Hamon le revendique depuis sa jeunesse.
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