Clark County, Arkansas: the Garden Spot of the Sunny South
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Ouachita Baptist University Scholarly Commons @ Ouachita Articles Faculty Publications 2019 Clark County, Arkansas: The Garden Spot of the Sunny South Lisa K. Speer Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.obu.edu/articles Part of the Public History Commons ClarkCounty Historicaljournal. --- 2019 Clark County, Arkansas The Garden Spot of the Sunny South LisaK Speer Presented here is a typescript of a pamphlet produced and distributed circa 1877 by the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway to promote settlement in Clark County. The original pamphlet is housed in the collections of the Arkansas State Archives.1 Introduction Effortsaimed at increasing the population of Arkansas were common in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Promoters, like Arkansas Governor Powell Clayton (1868-1871), who established an Immigration Commission, saw this as a means of diversifying and rebuilding the state's economy following the Civil War. Immigration societies formed around the state to recruit prospective residents, with one starting in Clark County in 1875. Railroads, which owned a lot of land along tracks in Arkansas, also worked to promote settlement, producing volumes of promotional literature aimed at attracting settlers foreignand domestic. "Clark County, garden spot of the sunny south," presented here in typescript form, is a 23-page pamphlet describing the lands, soils, topography, agricultural production, and towns in the county. The text is authored D. (Daniel) R. Joslyn, identified on the pamphlet as "immigrants' friend and agent." In actuality, Joslyn was also a transplant to Clark County, having emigrated from Otsego, New York, where a state census shows him living in 1855 in the household of his brother, J.C. Joslyn, at age 33. By 1880, Joslyn, a 50-year old widower, was living in Clark County, Arkansas, Missouri township, with his 15-year old son. Joslyn is, in fact, well known in the history of Clark County. He and Silas Miller surveyed the town site of Gurdon, and Joslyn served as Gurdon's firstmayor. 2 According to the pamphlet, interested parties were encouraged to contact A. M. Crow for additional information. Crow is another well-known figure in Clark County history. Austin M. Crow, a native of Clark County, served as a land agent for several railroads, including the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern, for 1 Clark County, Arkansas, the garden spot of the sunny south (Little Rock: St. Louis, Iron Mountain, and Southern Railway, 1877). 2 Wendy B. Richter, ed., Clark County, Arkansas: past and present (Arkadelphia: Clark County Historical Association, 1992), 274. See also, John McAlpin, "Early History of Gurdon and Growth Described," Clark County Historical Journal (1999): 107-110. In 1887, Joslyn remarried to Sophina J. Bell. 70 ClarkCounty Historical Journal. --- 2019 whom he oversaw around 200,000 acres of land.3 Among those offering land for sale in Clark County are other well-known names, including early settler Michael Bozeman, Arkadelphia attorney and educator R. D. [Rufus] Hearn, and D. Flanagin, who was most likely Judge Duncan Flanagin, son of former Governor Harris Flanagin. On the back page of the pamphlet are two stamps that may offer additional evidence as to the its provenance: those of two land emigration agents in Ohio - N. R. Warwick in Cincinnati and Henry H. Hannan in Swan Creek. Hannan (1844- 1879) was active in settling land in Arkansas, Missouri, and Texas throughout the 1870s. He died in 1879 fromcomplications after a fallfrom a horse. Warwick went to work in 1874 for the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad in Southern Ohio and Eastern Kentucky as a general emigration agent.4 By the 1890s, he was working as a District Passenger Agent for the Missouri Pacific Railway. s Like Hannan, Warwick distributed information about settlement in Arkansas and Texas and arranged excursion trips to the southwest by prospective homeseekers. 3 Clark County, 87. 4 "Gone to his Work," Council Grove Republican [Council Grove, KS], March 17, 1874, 3. 5 Cincinnati, Ohio, City Directory, 1891, accessed September 26, 2019 at ancestry.com. 71 ClarkCounty HistoricalJoumal --- 2019 LOCATION Clark County, as to location, is considered one of the South-western counties of the State. The thirty-fourth parallel of latitude passes directly through its centre. The Ouachitah river forms about two-thirds of the Eastern and the Missouri river the Southern and a part of the Western boundary. It is situated immediately South of the Ozark Mountains, a part of the county lying along the hilly uplands, terminating this range; the rest, comprising about three-fourths of its area, sloping to the Southward along the Ouachitah, Missouri, Caddo, Antoine and Terrenoir rivers. This was one of the five original counties when the State was a Territory. The seat of government for the Territory being at an early day located in this naturally favored district. This county is advantageously located for good water, health, uniformity of climate and early Springs. Its close proximity to the Ozark Mountains, on their South side, and sloping gradually Southward, exempt it from sudden changes in winter and the terror of Northern winds or "northers" as they are sometimes called. For this reason we have milder winters and earlier springs than some counties South of us. It is often as late as the last of January before we have colder weather than that experienced during an ordinary white frost. These facts result in a multitude of advantages to the farmer - such as gathering and exporting his crops, and improving his farm, and preparing his lands for another year. While the thermometer, at the North, touches 20 degrees below zero the farmers in Clark County, Arkansas are in the fields - coats off - at work, and his stock still grazing in the fields. Its population is about 15,000 inhabitants about three-fourths white and the others colored people. LANDS. Clark County contains an area of about 576,000 acres of land. Some 50,000 acres of which belong to the United States, and can be occupied under the Homestead Laws, by those who desire to settle on them, for a very small sum. 90,000 acres belong to the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railroad Company, and can be purchased at about $4.50 per acre, on an average. The larger portion of these railroad lands are fertile and productive, and susceptible of profitable cultivation. They are situated along the line of the road, and in consideration of this convenience, the low price placed on them, and the time given for its payment, fertility, etc., are inducements indeed to the homeless to come and see them. The State of Arkansas is also the owner of a large number of acres, some of which are very rich and can be purchased at low prices, ranging from fifty cents to five dollars per acre, cash, and are much the cheapest lands in the State. Those who have a small amount of money to expend should have an eye to these State lands; for the State, by proper legislation, is offering liberal inducements to 72 ClarkCounty Historica[Joumal --- 2019 immigration, by fixing a low price on all State lands. These are divided into several classes, known as the Real Estate, State Bank, Saline, School, Swamp and Forfeited lands, all for sale or donation. Further information can be obtained, concerning these, from persons here. Besides the State, Railroad and United States land, many thousands of acres belong to individuals which can be purchased at low prices and on time. There are many thousands of acres of land for sale in Clark County, but not because the owners are anxious to sell out and get away. This is a new country, and the unimproved lands are a part of the traffic and trade of the country; they, not being occupied as homes, are traded as carelessly as a horse or cow. There are a large number of land owners who have from one thousand to ten thousand acres, purchased many years ago - at a small price - for speculation. They are generally uncleared and consequently unremunerative. The owners have paid taxes on them formany years, and being anxious to get their money back and stop the payment of taxes, are offering them for sale very cheap, on reasonable time. Then there are here a large area of cleared lands for sale, at prices from $5 to $40 per acre, that produces cotton, annually, worth from $20 to $50 per acre. The change from slave to freelabor left many farmers with more cleared land than they can cultivate. The formerslaves are, many of them, clearing and opening little farms of their own. Men who have money to pay down for land can make such purchase in these cleared lands, as, that by industry and proper cultivation - in the products of the country - they will more than pay for them in one or two years; and we advise those who can do so, to pay cash for their purchases. But to those who cannot pay cash at once, we say, there is no better opportunity for you anywhere than can be found here, to purchase and pay for a home. For a farmer can more certainly pay fora tract of land, purchased in this country at its low price on the time given, by his own labor on it, than . anywhere else. And these inducements offered to the homeless will not always be open for acceptance; our county is fastfilling up, and good bargains in lands, conveniently located, are being struck every day. This is the county for colonies to locate, because large bodies of land, rich and productive, lying adjoining, can be purchased, with good water, good timber and healthy locations.