American Slave Owners
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American slave owners Presidents who owned slaves Approximate While number No. President in Details of slaves office? held Washington was a major slaveholder before, during, and after his presidency. His will freed Yes George his slaves pending the death of his widow, 1 600+ (1789– Washington though she freed them within a year of her 1797) husband's death. See George Washington and slavery for more details. Most historians believe Jefferson fathered multiple slave children with the enslaved woman Sally Hemings, the likely half-sister of his late wife Martha Wayles Skelton. Despite being a Yes Thomas lifelong slave owner, Jefferson routinely 3 600+ (1801– Jefferson condemned the institution of slavery, attempted 1809) to restrict its expansion, and advocated gradual emancipation. As President, he oversaw the abolition of the international slave trade. See Thomas Jefferson and slavery for more details. Madison did not free his slaves in his will. Paul Yes James Jennings, one of Madison's slaves, served him 4 100+ (1809– Madison during his presidency and later published the 1817) first memoir of life in the White House. Monroe supported sending freed slaves to the Yes James new country of Liberia; its capital, Monrovia, is 5 75 (1817– Monroe named after him. See James Monroe for more 1825) details. Jackson owned many slaves. One controversy Yes during his presidency was his reaction to anti- Andrew 7 200 (1829– slavery tracts. During his campaign for the Jackson 1837) presidency, he faced criticism for being a slave trader. He did not free his slaves in his will. Van Buren's father owned six slaves. The only slave he personally owned, Tom, escaped in 1814. When Tom was found in Massachusetts, No Van Buren tentatively agreed to sell him to the Martin Van 8 1 (1837– finder, but terms were not agreed and Tom Buren 1841) remained free. Later in life, Van Buren belonged to the Free Soil Party, which opposed the expansion of slavery into the Western territories expansion of slavery into the Western territories without advocating immediate abolition. Harrison inherited several slaves. As the first William No governor of the Indiana Territory, he 9 Henry 11 (1841) unsuccessfully lobbied Congress to legalize Harrison slavery in Indiana. Yes Tyler never freed any of his slaves and 10 John Tyler 29 (1841– consistently supported slavery and its expansion 1845) during his time in political office. Polk became the Democratic nominee for president in 1844 partially because of his tolerance of slavery, in contrast to Van Buren. As president, he generally supported the rights of Yes James K. slave owners. His will provided for the freeing of 11 56 (1845– Polk his slaves after the death of his wife, though the 1849) Emancipation Proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ended up freeing them long before her death in 1891. Although Taylor owned slaves throughout his life, he generally resisted attempts to expand Yes Zachary slavery in the territories. After his death, there 12 300 (1849– Taylor were rumors that slavery advocates had 50) poisoned him; tests of his body over 100 years later have been inconclusive. Johnson owned a few slaves and was No supportive of James K. Polk's slavery policies. Andrew 17 9 (1865– As military governor of Tennessee, he convinced Johnson 1869) Abraham Lincoln to exempt that area from the Emancipation Proclamation. Although he later served as a general in the Union Army, his wife Julia had control of four slaves during the American Civil War, given to her by her father. However, it is unclear if she actually was granted legal ownership of them or No merely temporary custody. All would be freed by Ulysses S. 18 1 (1869– the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 (she Grant 1877) chose to free them at that time even though the proclamation did not apply to her state of Missouri). Grant personally owned one slave, William Jones, given to him in 1857 by his father-in-law and manumitted by Grant on March 29, 1859. Black Slave owners Antoine Dubuclet William Ellison William Ellison Anthony Johnson (colonist) Anna Kingsley A Adelicia Acklen William Wirt Adams Thomas Affleck (planter) William Aiken Jr. Valcour Aime James L. Alcorn Julius Caesar Alford William W. Allen Alexander Allison Philip Alston (counterfeiter) Charles D. Anderson Archibald Hunter Arrington David Rice Atchison John James Audubon Stephen F. Austin B David Jackson Bailey Simmons Jones Baker Alexander Balmain James Barbour James Barbour (lawyer) John S. Barbour Philip Pendleton Barbour P. T. Barnum Robert Ruffin Barrow John Meredith Bass Joel Allen Battle Nicholas Bayard Erasmus W. Beck John Bell (Tennessee politician) Judah P. Benjamin Ezra T. Benson Thomas Hart Benton (politician) William Berkeley (governor) John M. Berrien Marion Bethune William Beverley William Wyatt Bibb James G. Birney Edward Junius Black Richard Bland James Boggs (general) Spires Boling Johann Martin Boltzius Shadrach Bond Nathan Boone Pierre Bossier James Bowie James Bowie George Boxley Braxton Bragg William L. Brandon J. Rufus Bratton Carter Braxton John C. Breckinridge William Brent Jr. Robert Brent Abbott Hall Brisbane Thomas Patterson Brockman Thomas Brooke Sr. Preston Brooks James E. Broome James Brown (Louisiana politician) John Brown (Mormon pioneer) Joseph E. Brown Moses Brown Don Carlos Buell Archibald Bulloch James Stephens Bulloch William Bellinger Bulloch Chang and Eng Bunker Armistead Burwell (planter) Pierce Butler William Byrd III C Samuel I. Cabell Joseph Caldwell Floride Calhoun John C. Calhoun Richard K. Call William Overton Callis Benedict Swingate Calvert Charles Benedict Calvert John Archibald Campbell Milton A. Candler James Cantey John S. Carlile Julian Carr (industrialist) Charles Carroll the Settler Charles Carroll of Carrollton Daniel Carroll Frances Ann Tasker Carter George Carter I Landon Carter Robert Carter I Robert Carter III Samuel A. Cartwright Moses Carver Archibald Cary George Cary (Georgia politician) John Catron Absalom Harris Chappell Robert M. Charlton Robert M. Charlton Samuel Chase William Henry Chase Benjamin Chew Auguste Chouteau Jean-Pierre Chouteau Alonzo S. Church John Barker Church Thomas James Churchill Jeremiah Watkins Clapp Abraham Clark Daniel Clark (Louisiana politician) James West Clark John Clark (Georgia governor) William Clark George J. F. Clarke Green Clay Henry Clay Augustin Smith Clayton Thomas Green Clemson Duncan Lamont Clinch George Clinton (vice president) George Clymer Coast Salish Howell Cobb (born 1772) Thomas W. Cobb Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb Nicholas H. Cobbs John Hartwell Cocke Mark R. Cockrill John E. Coffee Edward Coles Alfred H. Colquitt Walter T. Colquitt J. W. Comer Thomas Contee Philip Cook (general) Zadock Cook Mark Anthony Cooper Samuel Cooper (general) Stephen A. Corker Dabney Cosby James Hamilton Couper Marie Couvent Elijah Craig George W. Crawford Joel Crawford Martin Jenkins Crawford John Cruger Aspasia Cruvellier Mirault Daniel Parke Custis George Washington Parke Custis John Custis John Parke Custis Alfred Cuthbert John Alfred Cuthbert D D Willis J. Dance Henry Darnall II William Lee Davidson Jefferson Davis Joseph Emory Davis William Crosby Dawson Oliver De Lancey (American loyalist) William Barton Wade Dent Jean Noël Destréhan Thomas Roderick Dew John Dickinson Henry Dodge Dudley M. DuBose Antoine Dubuclet John Duff (counterfeiter) Francis E. Dumas Stephen Duncan Charles H. DuPont Gabriel Duvall Mareen Duvall E Jubal Early Peter Early Jonathan Edwards (theologian) Ninian Edwards William P. Edwards Perry J. Eggborn John Elliott (Georgia) Stephen Elliott (bishop) William Ellison William R. Elliston Elihu Embree Francis W. Eppes John Wayles Eppes Richard Eppes William Ewen Jacob Ezekiel F Joseph Fairbanks Ferdinando Fairfax Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron Thomas Fairfax, 9th Lord Fairfax of Cameron Charles J. Faulkner Thomas T. Fauntleroy (lawyer) Rebecca Latimer Felton Samuel W. Ferguson F Joseph Finegan Joshua Fisher (merchant) Joshua Fisher (merchant) George Fitzhugh Harris Flanagin William Bennett Fleming Read Fletcher Thomas Fletcher (Arkansas politician) John Floyd (Georgia politician) William Floyd James Ford (pirate) Nathan Bedford Forrest John Forsyth (politician) Tomlinson Fort (congressman) William A. Forward Nathaniel Greene Foster Thomas Flournoy Foster Josiah Francis (Hillis Hadjo) Milly Francis Benjamin Franklin Isaac Franklin James C. Freeman Richard Fuller (minister) G Christopher Gadsden John P. Gaines Ana Gallum Hamilton Rowan Gamble Roger Lawson Gamble Landon Garland Hugh A. Garland Theophilus T. Garrard Freeborn Garrettson Lucius Jeremiah Gartrell Horatio Gates Thomas Gillespie (North Carolina) George Rockingham Gilmer Stephen Girard Samuel Gist Thomas Glascock Jane Cocking Glover William Goode (politician) John Brown Gordon Harry Dorsey Gough Samuel F. Gove Julia Grant Ulysses S. Grant Seaton Grantland Alexander Little Page Green John Faucheraud Grimké Button Gwinnett H James Habersham James Habersham Jr. Joseph Habersham Joseph Habersham Richard W. Habersham George Hairston Robert Hairston Bolling Hall Lyman Hall James Henry Hammond Nathaniel Job Hammond Samuel Hammond Wade Hampton I Wade Hampton II Wade Hampton III George Hancock (Virginia) John Hancock John Hanson Hugh A. Haralson Thomas Hardeman Jr. John Harding (Southern planter) William Giles Harding Henry R. Harris Isham G. Harris Benjamin Harrison IV Benjamin Harrison V Gessner Harrison Grancer Harrison William Henry Harrison Benjamin Hawkins James Boyd Hawkins Stephen Heard Robert Johnson Henderson