E22 Förbifart Rinkabyholm
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E22 Förbifart Rinkabyholm Arkeologiska förundersökningar 2013 Lokalerna Hossmo Väst, Hossmo Öst, Skyttlahagen och Trafikplats E22/Väg 25. Fastigheterna Hossmo 3:1, Rinkaby 9:2, 13:3 och Dörby 8:7, Hossmo och Dörby socknar, Kalmar län Ludvig Papmehl-Dufay, Nicholas Nilsson, Alf Ericsson, Kenneth Alexandersson, Ivonne Dutra Leivas, John Ljungkvist och Jens Heimdahl KALMAR LÄNS MUSEUM Arkeologisk rapport 2013:6 Gärdslösa kyrka • Kalmar läns museum E22 Förbifart Rinkabyholm Arkeologiska förundersökningar 2013 Lokalerna Hossmo Väst, Hossmo Öst, Skyttlahagen och Trafikplats E22/Väg 25. Fastigheterna Hossmo 3:1, Rinkaby 9:2, 13:3 och Dörby 8:7, Hossmo och Dörby socknar, Kalmar län Författare Ludvig Papmehl-Dufay, Nicholas Nilsson, Alf Ericsson, Kenneth Alexandersson, Ivonne Dutra Leivas, John Ljungkvist och Jens Heimdahl Copyright Kalmar läns museum Redaktion Per Lekberg, Seija Nyberg Kartor Publicerade i enlighet med tillstånd 507-98-2848 från Lantmäteriverket Förlag Kalmar läns museum ISSN 1400-352X E22 Förbifart Rinkabyholm • Kalmar läns museum E22 Förbifart Rinkabyholm • Kalmar läns museum Abstract Keywords: Archaeological trial excavation, E22 highway south of Kalmar, Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, vendel period, settlements, traces of farming, clearance cairns. During two weeks in early June 2013, Kalmar dated to the Viking Age. If this is consistent with County Museum (KLM) conducted archaeologi- an approximate date of the road, a highly interes- cal site evaluations at four separate locations along ting connection can be assumed with a site exca- the course of the new E22 highway bypassing Rin- vated a short distance to the SE in 1997 at which a kabyholm, just south of Kalmar, SE Sweden. The number of traces of various crafts as well as graves project included collaboration with the National from mainly the Vendel and Viking periods were Heritage Board in Linköping, which took part in detected. Another interesting feature at Hossmo all parts of the process. The sites were identified Väst was an oven, bearing striking similarities with during trial excavations in 2008, 2009 and 2012, a certain form of “figure of eight-shaped” Roman and the investigations were commissioned by the field ovens from Great Britain. Charcoal from the County Administrative Board (Lst) in Kalmar. The Hossmo oven as well as charcoal from a hearth at site evaluations presented in this report will be used the same site was dated to the Vendel period, 7th by Lst as a basis for coming decisions regarding century AD, connecting to the metal objects reco- further archaeological work in connection to the vered in the area. new highway. At Skyttlahagen finds of pottery together with At the sites Hossmo Väst, Skyttlahagen and Tra- a number of 14C-dates indicate a date of the settle- fikplats E22/Väg 25, prehistoric settlement traces ment to the Bronze Age, and at Trafikplats E22/Väg were identified, and in addition to this, at Skytt- 25 finds of flint point towards a Mesolithic date. lahagen ancient farming activities were evidenced The well preserved and varied agrarian remains at in the form of clearance cairns, abandoned fields, Skyttlahagen stratigraphically overlap the Bronze terraces etc. At the site Hossmo Öst only marginal Age settlement remains, but their exact date is still traces of settlement remains were detected, and at difficult to establish. Based on plant macrofos- this site no further investigations are suggested. The sils and stratigraphic observations, a start of the settlements identified at the other sites date to dif- clearance activities in the Vendel or Viking period ferent periods. At Hossmo Väst the finds and the is suggested. The flint at Trafikplats E22/Väg 25 character of the sunken features indicate dates to was found in a small area also containing cultural the Mesolithic Stone Age and early Medieval time layers and sunken features, suggesting a relatively respectively. A metal detector survey resulted in a well preserved Mesolithic activity area. One of the number of quite remarkable finds from the Vendel hearths, as well as a hearth in a different part of the and Viking periods, including brooches, coins and investigation area, were subjected to 14C-analysis scale weights. The early date mainly refers to finds which resulted in a late Bronze Age/early Iron Age of flint and other lithic material, whereas hearths, date for both features. The connection between the postholes and pits at the site are held to represent the flint artefacts and the sunken features at this site is later phase. The most prominent feature at Hossmo therefore at the present difficult to fully evaluate. Väst is what has been interpreted as a stretch of an At Hossmo Väst and Skyttlahagen, further exca- ancient road, visible as a 20 x 2.5 m dark feature vations are suggested based on the results of the site stretching NNW/SSE towards the river. An animal evaluations presented here. Decision in this matter tooth from the bottom layer of the road was 14C- is taken by the County Administrative Board. E22 Förbifart Rinkabyholm • Kalmar läns museum E22 Förbifart Rinkabyholm • Kalmar läns museum Innehåll Sammanfattning .................................................................................................9 Inledning ............................................................................................................11 Topografi, fornlämningsmiljö och kunskapsläge ............................................13 Stenålder ......................................................................................................................................13 Bronsålder ...................................................................................................................................14 Äldre järnålder ...........................................................................................................................15 Yngre järnålder och tidig medeltid ........................................................................................16 Odlingslandskapet ......................................................................................................................18 Förundersökningarnas övergripande syfte ....................................................20 Förundersökningarnas genomförande ...........................................................21 Dokumentation ..........................................................................................................................21 Analyser och provtagningsstrategi .........................................................................................21 Fyndstrategi .................................................................................................................................22 Hossmo Väst .....................................................................................................23 Sammanfattning: ..........................................................................................................................23 Syfte och frågeställningar .........................................................................................................24 Genomförande ...........................................................................................................................24 Resultat ........................................................................................................................................26 Metalldetektering och prospektering ..............................................................................26 Utgrävning...............................................................................................................................33 Vägen .......................................................................................................................................36 Boplatslämningar ...................................................................................................................41 Finta och annat stenmaterial ..............................................................................................46 Bedömning ...................................................................................................................................48 Förslag till temainriktningar vid en SU ..................................................................................51 Administrativa uppgifter ...........................................................................................................52 E22 Förbifart Rinkabyholm • Kalmar läns museum E22 Förbifart Rinkabyholm • Kalmar läns museum Hossmo Öst ......................................................................................................53 Sammanfattning: ..........................................................................................................................53 Syfte och frågeställningar .........................................................................................................53 Genomförande ...........................................................................................................................53 Resultat ........................................................................................................................................53 Metalldetektering ..................................................................................................................53 Utgrävning...............................................................................................................................54 Bedömning ...................................................................................................................................56