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Things to do

Write the names of the sixteen mahajanapadas in the proper places on an outline map of .

Janapadas The period from about 1000 BC to 600 BC is considered to be the post-. It is in this period that the janapadas came into existence. Janapadas were the many small States that spread from today’s which is to the northwest of the to and in the east and to in the south. The called ‘Ashmak’ occupied a part of today’s Maharashtra. The names of these janapadas can be found in , and Ardhamagadhi literature. One can also find information about them in the writings of Greek historians. Some of the janapadas were , while others were . Some janapadas had a gana-parishad of senior citizens. Members of the gana- parishad came together for discussions and made decisions regarding administrative issues. The place where these discussions took place was known as the santhagar. Gautam hailed from the . Every janapada had its own coinage.

Mahajanapadas Some janapadas gradually became stronger and expanded their geographical boundaries. Such janapadas came to be known as mahajanapadas. From the literature of that period, it is clear that up to the sixth century BCE, sixteen mahajanapadas had acquired special importance. , , and among them became more powerful.

Rise of the Magadha Ajat shatru, the son of , continued with the policy of expansion of the . He successfully conquered many republics of the east. The kingdom of Magadha prospered during the reign of Ajatshatru. He had become a follower of . After the Mahaparinirvana of Gautama Buddha, it was during his reign that the first Buddhist Council or Sangiti was held at Rajgriha. The foundation for the new Pataligram of Magadha was laid during Ajatshatru’s period. was Ajatshatru Sculpture probably in the vicinity of today’s city. A noteworthy successor of Ajatshatru was the Magadha king Shishunag. He annexed the kingdoms of Avanti, Kosala and Vatsa to Magadha. Nearly the entire region of northern India came under the control of Magadha.

The Nanda Kings of Magadha : The Nandas ruled the Magadha Empire between 364 BCE and 324 BCE. They had set up a good administrative system necessary to run the huge empire. They had a huge four-column of infantry, , and . The Nandas also introduced the system of standard weights and measures. King Dhananand was the last king of the Nanda dynasty. However, during Dhananand’s reign, the ambitious youth won Pataliputra, ended the Nanda regime and laid the foundation of the .

For your information The ancient and modern names of the 16 mahajanapadas : (1) Kashi (Benaras), (2) Kosal (Lucknow), (3) (), (4) Vatsa (), (5) Chedi (Kanpur), (6) Kuru (), (7) Panchal (), (8) (), (9) Shurasen (), (10) Ashmak (Aurangabad, Maharashtra), (11) Avanti (), (12) Ang (Champa East ), (13) Magadha (South Bihar), (14) Vrijji (North Bihar), (15) (), (16) Kamboj (Near Gandhara)