Bastian Bentlage Assistant Professor of Bioinformatics Marine Laboratory University of Guam Mangilao, GU 96923
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A Case Study with the Monospecific Genus Aegina
MARINE BIOLOGY RESEARCH, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2016.1268261 ORIGINAL ARTICLE The perils of online biogeographic databases: a case study with the ‘monospecific’ genus Aegina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Narcomedusae) Dhugal John Lindsaya,b, Mary Matilda Grossmannc, Bastian Bentlaged,e, Allen Gilbert Collinsd, Ryo Minemizuf, Russell Ross Hopcroftg, Hiroshi Miyakeb, Mitsuko Hidaka-Umetsua,b and Jun Nishikawah aEnvironmental Impact Assessment Research Group, Research and Development Center for Submarine Resources, Japan Agency for Marine- Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan; bLaboratory of Aquatic Ecology, School of Marine Bioscience, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan; cMarine Biophysics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), Onna, Japan; dDepartment of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA; eMarine Laboratory, University of Guam, Mangilao, USA; fRyo Minemizu Photo Office, Shimizu, Japan; gInstitute of Marine Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska, USA; hDepartment of Marine Biology, Tokai University, Shizuoka, Japan ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Online biogeographic databases are increasingly being used as data sources for scientific papers Received 23 May 2016 and reports, for example, to characterize global patterns and predictors of marine biodiversity and Accepted 28 November 2016 to identify areas of ecological significance in the open oceans and deep seas. However, the utility RESPONSIBLE EDITOR of such databases is entirely dependent on the quality of the data they contain. We present a case Stefania Puce study that evaluated online biogeographic information available for a hydrozoan narcomedusan jellyfish, Aegina citrea. This medusa is considered one of the easiest to identify because it is one of KEYWORDS very few species with only four large tentacles protruding from midway up the exumbrella and it Biogeography databases; is the only recognized species in its genus. -
CNIDARIA Corals, Medusae, Hydroids, Myxozoans
FOUR Phylum CNIDARIA corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans STEPHEN D. CAIRNS, LISA-ANN GERSHWIN, FRED J. BROOK, PHILIP PUGH, ELLIOT W. Dawson, OscaR OcaÑA V., WILLEM VERvooRT, GARY WILLIAMS, JEANETTE E. Watson, DENNIS M. OPREsko, PETER SCHUCHERT, P. MICHAEL HINE, DENNIS P. GORDON, HAMISH J. CAMPBELL, ANTHONY J. WRIGHT, JUAN A. SÁNCHEZ, DAPHNE G. FAUTIN his ancient phylum of mostly marine organisms is best known for its contribution to geomorphological features, forming thousands of square Tkilometres of coral reefs in warm tropical waters. Their fossil remains contribute to some limestones. Cnidarians are also significant components of the plankton, where large medusae – popularly called jellyfish – and colonial forms like Portuguese man-of-war and stringy siphonophores prey on other organisms including small fish. Some of these species are justly feared by humans for their stings, which in some cases can be fatal. Certainly, most New Zealanders will have encountered cnidarians when rambling along beaches and fossicking in rock pools where sea anemones and diminutive bushy hydroids abound. In New Zealand’s fiords and in deeper water on seamounts, black corals and branching gorgonians can form veritable trees five metres high or more. In contrast, inland inhabitants of continental landmasses who have never, or rarely, seen an ocean or visited a seashore can hardly be impressed with the Cnidaria as a phylum – freshwater cnidarians are relatively few, restricted to tiny hydras, the branching hydroid Cordylophora, and rare medusae. Worldwide, there are about 10,000 described species, with perhaps half as many again undescribed. All cnidarians have nettle cells known as nematocysts (or cnidae – from the Greek, knide, a nettle), extraordinarily complex structures that are effectively invaginated coiled tubes within a cell. -
Bibliography on the Scyphozoa with Selected References on Hydrozoa and Anthozoa
W&M ScholarWorks Reports 1971 Bibliography on the Scyphozoa with selected references on Hydrozoa and Anthozoa Dale R. Calder Virginia Institute of Marine Science Harold N. Cones Virginia Institute of Marine Science Edwin B. Joseph Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/reports Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Calder, D. R., Cones, H. N., & Joseph, E. B. (1971) Bibliography on the Scyphozoa with selected references on Hydrozoa and Anthozoa. Special scientific eporr t (Virginia Institute of Marine Science) ; no. 59.. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary. https://doi.org/10.21220/V59B3R This Report is brought to you for free and open access by W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Reports by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BIBLIOGRAPHY on the SCYPHOZOA WITH SELECTED REFERENCES ON HYDROZOA and ANTHOZOA Dale R. Calder, Harold N. Cones, Edwin B. Joseph SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT NO. 59 VIRGINIA INSTITUTE. OF MARINE SCIENCE GLOUCESTER POINT, VIRGINIA 23012 AUGUST, 1971 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE SCYPHOZOA, WITH SELECTED REFERENCES ON HYDROZOA AND ANTHOZOA Dale R. Calder, Harold N. Cones, ar,d Edwin B. Joseph SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT NO. 59 VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 w. J. Hargis, Jr. April 1971 Director i INTRODUCTION Our goal in assembling this bibliography has been to bring together literature references on all aspects of scyphozoan research. Compilation was begun in 1967 as a card file of references to publications on the Scyphozoa; selected references to hydrozoan and anthozoan studies that were considered relevant to the study of scyphozoans were included. -
Zootaxa,The Phylum Cnidaria: a Review of Phylogenetic Patterns And
P T J Zootaxa 1668: 127-182 (2007) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2007 • Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) The phylum Cnidaria: A review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus* MARYMEGAN DALY1, MERCER R. BRUGLER2, PAULYN CARTWRIGHT3, ALLEN G. COLLINS4, MICHAEL N. DAWSON5, DAPHNE G. FAUTIN3, SCOTT C. FRANCE2, CATHERINE S. MCFADDEN6, DENNIS M. OPRESKO7, ESTEFANIA RODRIGUEZ1, SANDRA L. ROMANO8 & JOEL L. STAKE8 1 1 Department o f Evolution, Ecology & Organlsmal Biology The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA 43210 [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Department o f Biology, University o f Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA USA [email protected] ; [email protected] 3 Department o f Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University o f Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA University o f Kansas, Lawrence KS USA [email protected]; [email protected] 4 National Systematics Laboratory, NOAA Fisheries Service, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC USA 20013-7012 collinsa @si. edu 5 School o f Natural Sciences, University o f California Merced, Merced C A USA 95344 [email protected] 6 Department o f Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA USA91711 [email protected] 1 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA 8 Division o f Science and Mathematics, University o f the Virgin Islands, St Thomas USVI00802 [email protected] ; jstake @yahoo. com * Irr. Zhang, Z.-Q. & Shear, W.A. (Eds) (2007) Linnaeus Tercentenary: Progress in Invertebrate Taxonomy. Zootaxa, 1668, 1-766. Table of contents A b stract.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 128 The Linnaean perspective on Cnidarian diversity ...................................................................................................................... -
Phylogenetics of Hydroidolina (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria) Paulyn Cartwright1, Nathaniel M
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, page 1 of 10. #2008 Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom doi:10.1017/S0025315408002257 Printed in the United Kingdom Phylogenetics of Hydroidolina (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria) paulyn cartwright1, nathaniel m. evans1, casey w. dunn2, antonio c. marques3, maria pia miglietta4, peter schuchert5 and allen g. collins6 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66049, USA, 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence RI 02912, USA, 3Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biocieˆncias, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, SP, Brazil, 4Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA, 5Muse´um d’Histoire Naturelle, CH-1211, Gene`ve, Switzerland, 6National Systematics Laboratory of NOAA Fisheries Service, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA Hydroidolina is a group of hydrozoans that includes Anthoathecata, Leptothecata and Siphonophorae. Previous phylogenetic analyses show strong support for Hydroidolina monophyly, but the relationships between and within its subgroups remain uncertain. In an effort to further clarify hydroidolinan relationships, we performed phylogenetic analyses on 97 hydroidolinan taxa, using DNA sequences from partial mitochondrial 16S rDNA, nearly complete nuclear 18S rDNA and nearly complete nuclear 28S rDNA. Our findings are consistent with previous analyses that support monophyly of Siphonophorae and Leptothecata and do not support monophyly of Anthoathecata nor its component subgroups, Filifera and Capitata. Instead, within Anthoathecata, we find support for four separate filiferan clades and two separate capitate clades (Aplanulata and Capitata sensu stricto). Our data however, lack any substantive support for discerning relationships between these eight distinct hydroidolinan clades. -
Systema Naturae. the Classification of Living Organisms
Systema Naturae. The classification of living organisms. c Alexey B. Shipunov v. 5.601 (June 26, 2007) Preface Most of researches agree that kingdom-level classification of living things needs the special rules and principles. Two approaches are possible: (a) tree- based, Hennigian approach will look for main dichotomies inside so-called “Tree of Life”; and (b) space-based, Linnaean approach will look for the key differences inside “Natural System” multidimensional “cloud”. Despite of clear advantages of tree-like approach (easy to develop rules and algorithms; trees are self-explaining), in many cases the space-based approach is still prefer- able, because it let us to summarize any kinds of taxonomically related da- ta and to compare different classifications quite easily. This approach also lead us to four-kingdom classification, but with different groups: Monera, Protista, Vegetabilia and Animalia, which represent different steps of in- creased complexity of living things, from simple prokaryotic cell to compound Nature Precedings : doi:10.1038/npre.2007.241.2 Posted 16 Aug 2007 eukaryotic cell and further to tissue/organ cell systems. The classification Only recent taxa. Viruses are not included. Abbreviations: incertae sedis (i.s.); pro parte (p.p.); sensu lato (s.l.); sedis mutabilis (sed.m.); sedis possi- bilis (sed.poss.); sensu stricto (s.str.); status mutabilis (stat.m.); quotes for “environmental” groups; asterisk for paraphyletic* taxa. 1 Regnum Monera Superphylum Archebacteria Phylum 1. Archebacteria Classis 1(1). Euryarcheota 1 2(2). Nanoarchaeota 3(3). Crenarchaeota 2 Superphylum Bacteria 3 Phylum 2. Firmicutes 4 Classis 1(4). Thermotogae sed.m. 2(5). -
SUMMARY and FUTURE WORK Not Constitute Type Material Because Gill’S (1863) Descrip- Tion Was Clearly Based on a Single Specimen
132 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES FIGURE 11. Coryphopterus glaucofraenum, neotype, USNM 393907, Belize, 44 mm SL, DNA 6367: A, fresh; B, preserved. Designation of Neotype for Neotype Coryphopterus glaucofraenum Coryphopterus glaucofraenum Gill, USNM 393907, FIGURE 11 44 mm SL, DNA 6367, Twin Cays, Belize, mangrove edge on interior channel, 0– 6 ft. (GenBank accession no. Eschmeyer (2008) noted the need for designating a GQ367355.) neotype for Coryphopterus glaucofraenum Gill, because the whereabouts of the holotype are unknown. He also noted that four MCZ specimens assumed to be syntypes do SUMMARY AND FUTURE WORK not constitute type material because Gill’s (1863) descrip- tion was clearly based on a single specimen. Because of the Cytochrome c oxidase I sequences (DNA barcoding) historical confusion regarding the validity of C. tortugae were useful in determining the number of distinct genetic and C. venezuelae as distinct from C. glaucofraenum, and lineages within Caribbean Coryphopterus. We used the because the three species can be diffi cult to separate, we neighbor-joining tree (see Figure 1) derived from those se- have elected to designate a neotype for C. glaucofraenum quences to assemble voucher specimens (and color photo- from which we have successfully obtained a COI sequence graphs of them taken before preservation) into clades and that places the specimen in the C. glaucofraenum clade. then compared the morphology of specimens among those We hereby make the following type designation: clades. Assigning clades to species was relatively easy based 007_Baldwin_111-138_Lang.indd7_Baldwin_111-138_Lang.indd 113232 99/24/09/24/09 99:38:53:38:53 AAMM NUMBER 38 • 133 on review of original literature and examination of some CARMABI laboratory in Curacao. -
Comparison Statolith Structure Chironex and Periphylla 14-09-10
1 Comparison of the statolith structures of Chironex fleckeri (Cnidaria, Cubozoa) and 2 Periphylla periphylla (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa): a phylogenetic approach 3 4 Authors: Sötje I1, Neues F2, Epple M2, Ludwig W3,4 , Rack A3, Gordon M5, Boese R2, 5 Tiemann H1 6 7 1Biocenter Grindel and Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King- 8 Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany 9 2Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen, Universitaetsstraße 5-7, 10 D-45117 Essen, Germany 11 3European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France 12 4Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, 20, avenue Albert Einstein, F-69621 13 Villeurbanne Cedex, France 14 5School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, McGregor Road, Smithfield 15 QLD 4878, Australia 16 17 18 Please address all correspondence during handling of the manuscript to: 19 Dr. Ilka Sötje, Biocenter Grindel and Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, Martin- 20 Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany 21 22 Email [email protected] 23 Phone +49 40 42838-5644 24 Fax +49 40 42838-3937 25 26 27 28 Abstract 29 The rhopalia and statocysts of P. periphylla and C. fleckeri were examined histologically and 30 showed several homologous characteristics. Differences in sensory area distribution could be 31 connected to a slightly different functionality of equilibrium sensing. In P. periphylla , the 32 statoliths (crystals) grow independently of each other; whereas in C. fleckeri , one large crystal 33 covers the smaller ones. The structures of both statoliths were examined in detail with single- 34 crystal diffraction, microtomography and diffraction contrast tomography. -
Phylogenetics of Trachylina (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) with New Insights on the Evolution of Some Problematical Taxa Allen G
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2008, 88(8), 1673–1685. #2008 Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom doi:10.1017/S0025315408001732 Printed in the United Kingdom Phylogenetics of Trachylina (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) with new insights on the evolution of some problematical taxa allen g. collins1, bastian bentlage2, alberto lindner3, dhugal lindsay4, steven h.d. haddock5, gerhard jarms6, jon l. norenburg7, thomas jankowski8 and paulyn cartwright2 1NMFS, National Systematics Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, MRC-153, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA, 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA, 3Centro de Biologia Marinha—USP–Rodovia Manoel Hipo´lito do Rego, Km 131, 5—Sa˜o Sebastia˜o, SP, Brazil, 4Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan, 5Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA, 6Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universita¨t Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, 7Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Invertebrate Zoology, NMNH, W-216, MRC163, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA, 8Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Du¨bendorf 8600, Switzerland Some of the most interesting and enigmatic cnidarians are classified within the hydrozoan subclass Trachylina. Despite being relatively depauperate in species richness, the clade contains four taxa typically accorded ordinal status: Actinulida, Limnomedusae, Narcomedusae and Trachymedusae. We bring molecular data (mitochondrial 16S and nuclear small and large subunit ribosomal genes) to bear on the question of phylogenetic relationships within Trachylina. Surprisingly, we find that a diminutive polyp form, Microhydrula limopsicola (classified within Limnomedusae) is actually a previously unknown life stage of a species of Stauromedusae. -
Resolving the Role of Jellyfish in Marine Food Webs
Resolving the role of jellyfish in marine food webs Philip Lamb A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of East Anglia School of Biological Sciences Submission Date: September 2018 This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived therefrom must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. Abstract Jellyfish populations in the Irish Sea have been increasing. This has caused a variety of economic problems, such as the destruction of aquaculture installations, and new opportunities, such as the establishment of a jellyfish fishery. However, interactions between jellyfish and other biota in the ecosystem is poorly characterised and ecological consequences of an increasing jellyfish population remains unknown. Molecular gut content analysis methodologies were developed to address this data gap. Cnidarian specific primers were developed and showed using more than 2500 stomachs that, during February and March, moon and mauve-stinger jellyfish were consumed by common fish species including herring, whiting, and lesser-spotted dogfish. Revisiting the ecosystem in October with 375 additional samples, the primers indicated jellyfish predation varied temporally: small jellyfish were still targeted by mackerel, however moon jellyfish adults were not preyed upon. To understand the context in which jellyfish consumption occurred a high throughput sequencing (HTS) approach using two universal primers was developed. A meta-analysis of HTS studies suggested results contained a quantitative signal, and the methodology could be used to move beyond a presence/absence approach. -
The Phylogenetic Placement of Two Enigmatic Metazoan Parasites: Polypodium Hydriforme and Myxozoa
The phylogenetic placement of two enigmatic metazoan parasites: Polypodium hydriforme and Myxozoa by Nathaniel M. Evans Submitted to the graduate degree program in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master’s of Arts. Dr. Paulyn Cartwright ____ Chairperson Committee members Dr. Kirsten Jensen ____ Dr. Edward Wiley ____ Date defended: 7/14/09 ____ 2 The Thesis Committee for Nathaniel M. Evans certifies that this is the approved Version of the following thesis: The phylogenetic placement of two enigmatic metazoan parasites: Polypodium hydriforme and Myxozoa Committee: Dr. Paulyn Cartwright ____ Chairperson Dr. Kirsten Jensen ____ Dr. Edward Wiley ____ Date approved: 7/15/09 ____ 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMNTS This work would not have been possible without the help of many people who generously and selflessly provided their precious time, resources, and knowledge. First and foremost among these was my advisor, Paulyn Cartwright, who not only helped me successfully navigate this research but who also, over the last several years, has consistently and sincerely made my development as a scientist a significant priority in her life. Paulyn provided my first experience of a truly open dialogue on scientific theories, principles, and methods. For this I will remain indebted to her. I thank her for all her support, encouragement and patience. I would also like to thank Kirsten Jensen and Ed Wiley, for taking time to serve on my committee, administer my oral exam and provide thoughtful comments on my work. I thank all members of the Cartwright lab for their help and friendship during my time in Kansas. -
Abundance and Trophic Position of Gelatinous and Half- Gelatinous Organisms in the Namibian Upwelling Region
Abundance and trophic position of gelatinous and half- gelatinous organisms in the Namibian upwelling region Universität Hamburg Department Biologie, Institut für Hydrobiologie und Fischereiwissenschaften Masterarbeit zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines MASTER OF SCIENCE vorgelegt von ALEXA SARINA JUNG Geboren am 12.09.1985 OKTOBER 2010 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Christian Möllmann 2. Gutachter: Dr. Rolf Koppelmann Table of Contents I. Abstract __________________________________________________________________________ v II. Zusammenfassung _________________________________________________________________ vi 1. Introduction _______________________________________________________________________ 1 2. Material and methods ______________________________________________________________ 4 2.1. Taxonomical samples _____________________________________________________________ 4 2.2. Biomass and taxonomic analyses ___________________________________________________ 5 2.3. Stable Isotope analyses ___________________________________________________________ 6 3. Results ___________________________________________________________________________ 9 3.1. Hydrography ____________________________________________________________________ 9 3.2. Zooplankton horizontal distribution ________________________________________________ 10 3.2.1. Medusa _______________________________________________________________________ 12 3.2.2. Siphonophora __________________________________________________________________ 16 3.2.3. Other gelatinous and half-gelatinous