Aus Der Welt Gefallen
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E:\Teksty\2016 Teksty\PH 4 2015\Wersja Elektroniczna
PRZEGLĄD HUMANISTYCZNY 4, 2015 Florian Krobb (National University of Ireland Maynooth) FROM TRACK TO TERRITORY: GERMAN CARTOGRAPHIC PENETRATION OF AFRICA, C. 1860–1900 I On page 130, the Cambridge History Atlas juxtaposes two maps of Africa. The larger, page-filling map shows the African continent’s political division in the first decade of the twentieth century: apart from Morocco, Liberia and Abyssinia, the entire landmass and all adjacent islands are shaded in the cha- racteristic colours of their European owners. Geographical features, mountains, rivers and the names of those features which do not lend themselves to graphic representation, such as the Kalahari Desert, appear very much subordinate to the bold reds, yellows and blues of the European nations. History, at the beginning of the twentieth century, is the development of nation states, and Africa had been integrated into its trajectory by being partitioned into dependencies of those very nation states. The Atlas integrates itself into, on the eve of the First World War even represents a pinnacle of, the European master narrative of the formation of nations, their expansion beyond domestic borders in the process of colonisation, the consolidation of these possessions into global empires, and the vying for strategic advantage and dominance on the global stage in imperialist fashion. On the inset in the bottom left corner, the same geographical region is depicted as it was in the year 1870. The smaller size leaves even less room for geographical information: some large rivers and lakes are marked in the white expanse that is only partly surrounded by thin strips of land shaded in the European nations’ identifying colours. -
Extract from the Book "Wildesel"
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals 1st African Wild Ass Range State Meeting (AWA) Bonn, Germany, 6 - 7 March 2017 UNEP/CMS/AWA/Inf.1 The African wild ass (as at 2.15.2017 / prepared by Yelizaveta Protas) Summary: This document is a book chapter from the 1999 book ‘Wildesel’ by Gertrud and Helmut Denzau, translated from German into English. This meeting has been kindly funded by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, through the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB). UNEP/CMS/AWA/ Inf.1 The African wild ass (English translation by Robin Stocks (2016) of p. 164-180 from the German book ‘Wildesel’ [Wild asses], Thorbecke, Stuttgart, 221 pp., 1999, by Gertrud and Helmut Denzau, proofread by the authors) Between the middle ages and early modern times, wild asses and zebras were sometimes confused with each other (Oken 1838). Before they were first scientifically described, there were numerous references to the existence of African wild asses, such as in the report by Cailliaud (1826), which lists onager together with other wild animals as desert dwellers in northeastern Sudan. In 1851, an Abyssinian wild ass was brought alive from Massawa to Paris that Geoffroy (1855) designated Asinus ferus or Equus asinus ferus. This animal was variously classified in later years and ultimately, including by Groves (1966), deemed on the basis of its skull dimensions to be a domestic donkey hybrid. Even before a trapper or hunter could get hold of a truly wild specimen, taxonomists had already begun assigning names (see p. -
Hopes, Hazards and a Haggle: Perthes' Ten Sheet “Karte Von Inner
International Symposium on “Old Worlds-New Worlds”: The History of Colonial Cartography 1750-1950 Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 21 to 23 August 2006 Working Group on the History of Colonial Cartography in the 19th and 20 th centuries International Cartographic Association (ICA-ACI) Hopes, Hazards and a Haggle: Perthes’ Ten Sheet “Karte von Inner-Afrika” Imre Josef Demhardt Privatdozent Dr. phil., Geographisches Institut der Technischen Universität Darmstadt [email protected] Abstract The rise to fame both of Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen and its dynamic founding editor August Petermann justifiably is closest related to their contributions in unveiling the unknown interior of Africa. Against a background sketch of Petermann’s cartographical concept and working method this paper discusses a major map-series of the pre-colonial era jointly compiled with Bruno Hassenstein – the ten sheet “Karte von Inner-Afrika nach dem Stande der geographischen Kenntnis in den Jahren 1861 bis 1863”. Inaugurated as a guiding tool for the Deutsche Inner-Afrika Expedition (1861-62), propagated and organised by Petermann to salvage manuscripts of Eduard Vogel, who got lost in 1856 east of Lake Chad, however, the main purpose was to provide an up-to-date framework of all obtainable knowledge in the scale 1:2 millions supplemented by anticipated exclusive and extensive research exploration reports of the journal’s own expedition. Although the map-series remained a torso – the high hopes placed in the expedition failed with almost no cartographical gain due to inexperience and misfortune – it stands as arguably opus magnum of 19th century exploratory cartography of Central Africa drawing on many never before and never again constructed route itineraries. -
The Six Lives of Alexine Tinne: Gender Shifts
THE SIX LIVES OF ALEXINE TINNE: GENDER SHIFTS IN THE ATLANTIC WORLD, 1835-1915 by MYLYNKA KILGORE CARDONA Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON May 2015 Copyright © by Mylynka Kilgore Cardona 2015 All Rights Reserved ii Acknowledgements Attempting to complete a PhD is a group effort and I would not have been able to accomplish this dissertation without my support network. Many thanks to the UTA History department and College of Liberal Arts for granting the funding necessary for me to visit overseas archives and for fellowships to allow me to complete my writing. To my committee, I thank you for taking the time and the effort to help me shape my arguments, to discuss with me things that I just needed to verbalize before I could get them on paper, and for putting up with all the errant comma placement. Imre Demhardt, thank you for introducing me to cartography and to Alexine Tinne. I had no idea she would take me so far. Stephanie Cole, thank you for guiding me and helping me shape this work into a cohesive look at the gender shifts taking place in the nineteenth century. Your help was invaluable to me! Thank you to my #accountabilibuddies Karen and Kristen who kept me motivated to write even when I really did not want to and saved my sanity when I thought none was left. Thank you Robin for being a stern and strong supporter and to Jeanne for letting me vent my frustrations and always cheering me on. -
Translators' Introduction
TRANSLATORS' INTRODUCTION Gustav Nachtigal, the author of this book, was born in Saxony on February 23, 1834. He became a doctor in the Prussian army, but retired very early for health reasons, and in 1862 settled on the north coast of Africa. During several years he lived in Tunis, where for a time he served as physician to the Bey. He acquired a fairly good knowledge of Arabic, and some understanding of Muslim thinking and institutions. When he was on the point of returning to Germany, towards the end of 1868, the leadership of an expedition to Kuka, the capital of Bornu, near Lake Chad, was unexpectedly offered to him. This opportunity, which promised to realise for him a boyhood ambi- tion to unveil the mysteries of Lake Chad, he eagerly accepted. The specific purpose of the expedition was to carry a collection of gifts which King William of Prussia planned to send to Umar ibn el-Hajj Muhammad el-Amin el-Kanemi, the Shaykh of Bornu, in recognition of the Shaykh's kindness to earlier German travellers who had visited his capital. With little delay, Nachtigal set out from Tripoli on February 19, 1869, with a party of five men recruited there, four Africans and a Genoese pastrycook, on a journey which was not to be completed until more than five and a half years later. European travellers in northern Africa during the nineteenth century commonly took Arabic names; Nachtigal called himself Idris. The first stage of his journey took him to Murzuq, the capital of Fezzan. Communications between Murzuq and Kuka were difficult just at that time, and the second stage of his itinerary was to be delayed for several months. -
The Nomenclature of the African Wild Ass
The nomenclature of the African wild ass C.P. Groves & C. Smeenk Groves, C.P. & C. Smeenk. The nomenclature of the African wild ass. Zool. Med. Leiden 81 (6), 8.vi.2007: 121-135, fi gs 1-8.— ISSN 0024-0672. Colin P. Groves, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia (e-mail: [email protected]). Chris Smeenk, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands (e-mail: [email protected]). Key words: Perissodactyla; Equidae; Equus africanus africanus; Equus africanus somaliensis; Equus taeniopus; history; taxonomy; nomenclature; lectotype; Africa. The 19th-century reports on the occurrence and identity of wild asses in North-East Africa are reviewed, as well as the names applied in various publications by Fitzinger and von Heuglin, respectively. The fi rst published name for the African wild ass, Asinus africanus Fitzinger, 1858, is a nomen nudum. The name Equus taeniopus von Heuglin, 1861 is rejected as indeterminable, as it is based on an animal that cannot be identifi ed and may have been a hybrid between a domestic donkey and a Somali wild ass; the type has not been preserved. The fi rst available name thus becomes Asinus africanus von Heuglin & Fitzinger, 1866. A lectotype is designated: a skull of an adult female collected by von Heuglin near At- bara River, Sudan, and present in the Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart, MNS 32026. A review of taxonomic and nomenclatural actions by later authors is given. The two subspecies recognized are the Nubian wild ass Equus a. -
The Eggs of the Extinct Egyptian Population of White-Tailed Eagle Haliaeetus Albicilla
Golo Maurer et al. 208 Bull. B.O.C. 2010 130(3) The eggs of the extinct Egyptian population of White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla by Golo Maurer, Douglas G. D. Russell, Friederike Woog & Phillip Cassey Received 26 November 2009 SUMMARY .—Little is known concerning the biology of the now extinct Egyptian population of White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla, and few specimens remain in museums to assess its alleged subspecific status. Here we describe three eggs collected near Lake Manzala and review the collection data and anecdotal reports about this species, to provide a better understanding of the biology of White-tailed Eagles in this southernmost part of their former breeding range. White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla is now a rare and irregular winter visitor to Egypt (Goodman & Meininger 1989), but has long been claimed as a former breeding bird at the lakes of lower Egypt (Meinertzhagen 1930, Cramp & Simmons 1980, Goodman & Meininger 1989). These claims are based solely on 19th-century published descriptions by the German explorers and ornithologists Martin Theodor von Heuglin (1824–76) and Alfred Edmund Brehm (1829–84), and observations by the British politician and agriculturalist, the Hon. Murray Finch-Hatton, 12th Earl of Winchilsea and seventh Earl of Nottingham (1851–98). Until now, data on egg specimens in museum collections have not been used to corroborate breeding by White-tailed Eagle in Egypt. The recent discovery of a single Egyptian H. albicilla egg amongst unregistered material at the Natural History Museum (NHM), Tring, has provided the opportunity to re-examine evidence of breeding by H. -
Heinrich Barth, Adolf Overweg, Eduard Vogel
Francesco Lamendola Esploratori tedeschi nel cuore dell'Africa: Heinrich Barth, Adolf Overweg, Eduard Vogel Chissà perché, oggi in certi ambienti storiografici è considerato politicamente poco corretto, o quanto meno discutibile, occuparsi degli esploratori europei del XIX secolo, particolarmente di quelli che rivolsero le loro ricerche al continente africano. Più o meno esplicitamente, viene loro imputata la colpa di aver fornito l'avanguardia degli eserciti coloniali; perciò, nell'ambito dei circoli culturali "progressisti", i loro nomi sono caduti nell'oblio, a dispetto dei notevoli meriti scientifici che, indubbiamente, molti di essi ebbero. Così, siamo caduti da un estremo all'altro: se, un tempo, le storie del continente africano scritte dagli Europei tendevano ad assegnar loro uno spazio sproporzionato, "dimenticandosi" delle culture locali e delle civiltà indigene, adesso sta divenendo difficile vederli citati anche solo di sfuggita, a parte i cinque o sei più famosi e a meno che le loro vite abbiano qualcosa a che fare con gli eccessi e i crimini del colonialismo. Un buon esempio di ciò è la famosissima, e forse sopravvalutata, Africa, del saggista inglese John Reader, apparsa nel 1997 (e tradotta in italiano dalla casa Editrice Mondadori nel 2001), tipico prodotto del rigetto anti-vittoriano e anti-etnocentrico della fine del XX secolo. Invano si cercherebbero, nelle oltre 700 pagine di questa grossa opera, una sola citazione dei nomi di Heinrich Barth, Adolf Overweg ed Eduard Vogel (anche se quelle di Livingstone si sprecano addirittura: il lupo sciovinista perde il pelo, ma non il vizio…). Questa tacita rimozione è particolarmente vistosa nel caso degli esploratori tedeschi, che pure diedero un contributo decisivo alla conoscenza del continente africano dal punto di vista geografico, botanico, zoologico ed etnografico. -
Gerhard Rohlfs, Gustav Nachtigal, Georg Schweinfurth
Francesco Lamendola Esploratori tedeschi nel cuore dell'Africa: Gerhard Rohlfs, Gustav Nachtigal, Georg Schweinfurth Dopo la triade costituita da Heinrich Barth, Adolf Overweg ed Eduard Vogel, grandi esploratori dell'Africa centro-settentrionale negli anni Cinquanta del XIX secolo, ci occupiamo qui di un'altra triade di esploratori tedeschi del continente africano, collegata - questa volta - non dallo svolgimento di un lavoro comune, ma dall'approfondimento e dall'ampliamento dell'opera pionieristica dei loro predecessori. Il tutto in un contesto economico-politico profondamente mutato, pur essendo trascorsi solo pochi ani dalle imprese dei primi tre: perché, ormai, le potenze europee avevano intuito la convenienza e la relativa facilità di una occupazione militare dell'Africa, che avrebbe loro consentito di assicurarsi materie prime d'ogni genere e, al tempo stesso, di creare nuovi sbocchi per le proprie industrie e il proprio commercio. La carriera di esploratore di Gustav Nachtigal segna, appunto - come vedremo - il passaggio dalla fase degli esploratori isolati e mossi dalla pura curiosità scientifica, a quella degli esploratori ingaggiati dalla madrepatria per realizzare la conquista coloniale dei territori africani. Scrive Richard Hall in La scoperta dell'Africa (titolo originale: Discovery of Africa, London, Hamlyng Publishing, 1969; traduzione italiana di Michele Lo Buono, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, 1971, p.98: Nel settembre 1855 (…),Barth ritornò a Londra. Egli fu coperto di onori, fece altri viaggi nell'Asia Minore, divenne professore a Berlino e morì nel 1865 all'età di 44 anni. Un risultato delle sue imprese fu quello di attirare l'attenzione della Germania sulle possibilità dell'Africa. Uno dei più instancabili esploratori dell'Africa settentrionale alla metà dell'Ottocento fu Gerhard Rohlfs, un tedesco arruolatosi poco più che ventenne nella Legione Straniera. -
Personal Names Commemorated in the Common Names of Southern African Bird Species – Part 6
Laniarius 119:9-10, 2011 Personal names commemorated in the common names of southern African bird species – Part 6 John Bannon GURNEY – Gurney’s Sugarbird, Promerops gurneyi (Verreaux, 1871) John Henry Gurney (1819-1890) was a wealthy amateur ornithologist and collector and was born into a well-to-do family of bankers in Norfolk. Amongst his school friends was Henry Doubleday, the English entomologist, the author of the first catalogue of British Butterflies and Moths. He went on to the Friends School at Tottenham, the old school of William Yarrell (1784-1856), who first discovered that the Bewick’s Swan was a different species to the Whooper Swan. Gurney published a number of articles in the Ibis and the Zoologist and corresponded with many overseas explorers and collectors, such as Thomas Ayres and particularly his friend Charles John Andersson, the Swedish hunter, explorer and naturalist. He was very much a member of the Victorian ornithological establishment, with a particular interest in birds of prey. For example, Gurney was one of the original exclusive group of twenty members who formed the British Ornithological Union (BOU) and personally paid for the coloured plates in the first series of Ibis, stipulating that they should depict his favourite subject matter, birds of prey. His son, with the same name, was also an ornithologist and the great British-Indian ornithologist Allan Octavian Hume (1829-1912) named a very beautiful Pitta after the father in 1875. Gurney’s Pitta is considered one of the world’s rarest birds and after not being seen for 72 years was considered extinct. -
Carl Christian Bruhns (22.11.1830 Plön/Holstein - 25.07.1881 Leipzig)
http://www.uni-kiel.de/anorg/lagaly/group/klausSchiver/bruhns.pdf Please take notice of: (c)Beneke. Don't quote without permission. Carl Christian Bruhns (22.11.1830 Plön/Holstein - 25.07.1881 Leipzig) Vom Schlosser in Plön zum Professor der Astronomie in Leipzig (Nebst einem Bilderstreifzug durch das Jahr 2006 in Plön ) April 2005, geändert Juli 2006, Februar 2007 Klaus Beneke Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität der Universität D-24098 Kiel [email protected] 2 Carl Christian Bruhns (22.11.1830 Plön/Holstein - 25.07.1881 Leipzig) Carl Christian Bruhns wurde am 22. November 1830 in der Johannisstraße 32 in der Plöner Neustadt geboren. Er stammte aus einer geachteten, aber wenig bemittelten Handwerk- Familie. Sein Vater war der Schlosser Carl Christian Bruhns (01.09.1805 Wismar - 04.10. 1880 Plön), seine Mutter die Tochter des Dragoners Peter Albrecht Cubig, Dorothea Henriette Bruhns, geb. Cubig (24.07.1802 Plön - 06.05.1883 Plön) [1]. Geschwister von Carl Christian Bruhns waren Caroline Charlotte Johanne (geb. 1832 in Plön), Ludwig Jacob (geb. 1835 in Plön, der ebenfalls Schlosser wurde), 1 Auguste Maria Dorothea (geb. 24.04.1838 in Plön), Heinrich Friedrich August (geb. 1839 in Plön) und Friedrich Moritz Carl (geb. 1842 in Carl Christian Bruhns Plön) [14]. Plön war von 1623 bis 1761 Sitz einer Linie des Sonderburger Hauses und damit Hauptstadt eines winzigen zerrissen Territoriums geworden. Es umfasste in Schleswig die Ämter Sonderburg und Norburg, die Insel Arö und den nördlichen Teil der Halbinsel Sundewitt und in Holstein die Ämter Plön und Ahrensbök. Nach der neuen Residenz Plön wurde die Linie Schleswig Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön genannt. -
Heinrich Barth, Der Bahnbrecher Des Deutschen Afrikaforschung; Ein Lebens- Und Charakterbild Auf Grund Ungedruckter Quellen Entw
Accessions Shelf No. PROM THE Heinrich Bartli. Uas Recht der Uebersetzung in fremde Sprachen und der Vervielfältiguna: vorbehalten. Druck von Otto Eisner, Berlin S. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 witii funding from Boston Public Library http://www.archive.org/details/heinrichbarthderOOschu Heinrieh Barth, der Bahnbrecher der deutschen Airikaforschung. Ein Lebens- und Charakterbild, auf Grund un^edruckter Quellen entworfen Gustav von Schubert, Ks;l. Sachs. General -Lieutenant z. D. ^^^^^-rXi- ' '. '.^^ ''' ,' '. ^.^ '^^ . ^^ > ' I ^:berlin 1897. - a\ Verlag' von Dietrich Reimer (Ernst Vohsen). t. Vorrede. Die kolonialen Bestrebungen unserer Tage haben uns in Afrika heimisch gemacht. Der dunkle Erd- theil, fast ganz aufgehellt, wird bald das Recht auf diesen Namen verlieren. Der »Afrikaforscher« sind heutzutage Dutzende. Mit Eisenbahnen und Dampf- schiffen, mit Missionsstationen und Kolonialtruppen erobert, enthüllt und bezwingt man von der Küste aus auch das Innere mit seinen geheimnissvollen Wüsten, himmelhohen Bergen und riesigen Seen je mehr und mehr. Eine ungemein rasche Entwicklung spielt sich vor unsern Augen ab, die uns die Verdienste und die Schwierigkeiten derer völlig vergessen lässt, die erst vor 40 Jahren eben dieser Entwicklung Bahn gebrochen haben. Zwar nicht in den Kreisen der Fachleute, wohl aber im Volke ist der Name Heinrich Barth, der, mit Alexander von Humboldt zu reden, »uns einen Welttheil aufschloss«, fast verklungen, so sehr er einst in Aller Munde war. Mögen auch Livingstone und Stanley — die Engländer — noch IV häufiger genannt werden, so ist selbst unter unsern Gebildeten der unermüdliche Wanderer und ebenso kühne wie erfolgreiche Gelehrte, den wir unsern Landsmann heissen dürfen, weithin in Ver- gessenheit gerathen. Und doch nannte ihn noch jüngst ein Aufsatz aus sachkundiger Feder in der Beilage zur >-' Allge- meinen Zeitung« (1896 No.