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Tafseer Surah Yusuf

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Tafseer Surah Yusuf Preview Version WEEKEND SEMINAR Preview Version CONTENTS Course Objectives .................................................................................... 4 About Sūrat Yūsuf.................................................................................... 5 Classification of Revelation: Makkī / Madanī ...................................... 6 ‘Reasons for Revelation’ (asbāb al-nuzūl) ............................................. 7 The ‘Basmallah’ ....................................................................................... 9 Āyāt 1–3 .................................................................................................. 11 The Disjointed Letters (ḥurūf muqaṭṭaʿāt) ......................................... 11 Āyāt 4–8 .................................................................................................. 19 Yūsuf’s () Lineage ......................................................................... 19 Respect for Parents ............................................................................. 20 Dreams ............................................................................................... 22 Exaggeration ....................................................................................... 31 Āyāt 9–16 ................................................................................................ 33 Evils of Jealousy (ḥasad) ................................................................... 34 Islamic Rulings Relating to Finding a Lost Child .............................. 37 Play and Recreation ............................................................................ 38 Āyāt 17–32 .............................................................................................. 42 Telling Lies ........................................................................................ 42 Patience (ṣabr) .................................................................................... 43 The Sin of Zina (Adultery / Fornication) ........................................... 53 Āyāt 33–38 .............................................................................................. 57 Adopting Silence ................................................................................ 58 Duʿā ................................................................................................... 60 Āyāt 39–45 .............................................................................................. 64 Tertiary level weekend courses 2 www.alkauthar.org Preview Version Calling to the Dīn (daʿwah) ............................................................... 65 Inviting a Non-Muslim to Islam ......................................................... 67 Tawḥīd ................................................................................................ 69 Fate and Destiny in Islam ................................................................... 71 Āyāt 46–59 .............................................................................................. 75 Etiquettes of the Student towards His Teacher ................................... 76 Taking Payment for Dream Interpretation ......................................... 78 Not Being Extravagant in Eating ........................................................ 78 Islamic Teachings Regarding Rainfall ............................................... 81 Types of Nafs (Human Self or Soul) .................................................. 85 Āyāt 60–86 .............................................................................................. 89 The Evil Eye ....................................................................................... 93 Āyāt 87–95 ............................................................................................ 104 Charity (Ṣadaqah) ............................................................................ 105 Āyāt 96–103 .......................................................................................... 111 Definition of Islam ........................................................................... 115 Āyāt 104–111 ........................................................................................ 117 Tertiary level weekend courses 3 www.alkauthar.org Preview Version Course Objectives • Inculcate within the students love for the Qur’an. • Develop a detailed understanding of the story of Yūsuf (). • Acquaint the students with the wisdoms, lessons, and Islamic rulings within this sūra, as well as those related to it. • Demonstrate how practical lessons can be derived from the āyāt of the Qur’an. • Increase the students’ īmān. • Improve the students’ association with the Qur’an. • Appreciate the comprehensive nature and magnitude of the Qur’an. • Improve the students’ Arabic vocabulary. • Provide a feeling for the importance of tafsīr as an Islamic discipline. Tertiary level weekend courses 4 www.alkauthar.org Preview Version Introductory information about Sūrat Yūsuf Name The sūrah is named thus because it is dedicated, in its entirety, to the biography of Yūsuf () Place of According to the majority of scholars the entire Revelation: sūrah is Makkī. According to b. ʿAbbās () and Qatādah the sūrah is Makkīwith the exception of āyāt 1, 2, 3 and 7. Number of āyāt : It is composed of 111 āyāt according to the most correct opinion. Tertiary level weekend courses 5 www.alkauthar.org Preview Version Classification of Revelation: Makkī/ Madanī The scholars have categorised Qur’anic verses as being either Makkī or Madanī. Makkī āyāt Madanī āyāt Those revealed before the Hijrah Those revealed after the Hijrah (migration) of the Prophet () from of the Prophet (). Makkah to Madīnah. General Attributes Strong wording and a severe and Gentle style of address harsh form of address Shorter āyāt Longer āyāt Powerful impact with strong ‘proofs’ Mention of rulings without and arguments many proofs and reasoning General Themes 1. Tawḥīd and the correct Islamic 1. Detailed rulings regarding ʿaqīdah (creed, in particular that ʿibādāt (acts of worship). which is related to the worship of 2. Detailed rulings on Allah () alone and belief in the muʿāmalāt (social dealings Last Day). and transactions among people and groups of people). 2. The stories of previous prophets 3. The theme of the Jews and and messengers and their peoples. Christians and their religions. 4. The theme of the munāfiqīn (hypocrites), their plots, their plight and their eventual fate. Do the āyāt within Sūrat Yūsuf comply with the general theme of Makkan verses? And if not, what lesson can be derived from this? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tertiary level weekend courses 6 www.alkauthar.org Preview Version Reasons for Revelation (asbāb al-nuzūl) 1. Test One view is that Sūrat Yūsuf was revealed after the Jews attempted to test the Prophet () in an effort to discredit him. Thus, because the Prophet was from the lineage of Ibrāhīm () they asked him about Yūsuf (). Another version states that the Jews told the idolaters of Makkah to question the Prophet about Yūsuf, and how the family of Yaʿqūb () moved from Palestine to Egypt, in order to test his prophethood. The Jews were of the opinion that the Prophet () would seek the answer by asking them about Yūsuf (), thus exposing himself () as a fraud. However, this plot of theirs failed because Allah revealed this sūrah to His messenger (). In fact Allah further said: That is from the news of the unseen which We reveal to you, [O Muḥammad]. You knew it not, neither you nor your people, before this. So be patient; indeed, the [best] outcome is for the righteous [Sūrat Hūd, 11:49] 2. Best of Al-Ḥākim reports that Saʿd b. Abī Waqqās reported that, stories as the Qur’an was being revealed to the Prophet, he was relaying it to his companions, until the companions requested, “Please relate to us stories”, so Allah revealed): We relate to you, [O Muḥammad], the best of stories in what We have revealed to you of this Quran although you were, before it, among the unaware. [Sūrat Yūsuf, 12:3] Then the Prophet conveyed the story of Yūsuf to the Companions until they said “please speak to us”; so Allah revealed: Allah has sent down the best statement, a consistent Book wherein is reiteration…. [Sūrat al- Zumar, 39:23] Tertiary level weekend courses 7 www.alkauthar.org Preview Version In another narration by Saʿīd b. Jubayr it is added that This teaches us the importance the Prophet spoke to the companions, until a time when of being diverse in our teaching they asked the Prophet “please remind us,” so Allah and propagating methods. , Audiences must be kept then revealed: Has the time not come for those who have engaged in a way that their believed that their hearts should become humbly hearts continue to yearn for more. submissive at the remembrance of Allah and what has come down of the truth?... [Sūrat al-Hadīd, 57:16] Was Sūrat Yūsuf revealed near the beginning or end of the Makkan period? 1. Commencement 3. Abū Ṭālib’s 5. Open call to Islam of Muḥammad’s death This is when the () Prophethood Prophet was abused in Ṭāʾif 2. Muslims boycotted and sanctions 4. Deah of Khadījah 6. Migration imposed on them in (raḍi’Allah ʿanhā) to Madina Shiʿb Abī Ṭālib Sūrat Yūsuf was revealed at this difficult and testing time for the Prophet and the Muslims. Tertiary level weekend courses 8 www.alkauthar.org Preview Version The Basmallah . In the name of Allah, the most Gracious, the most Compassionate. This ‘formula’ of ‘commencing
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