Running Vocabulary for Herodotus, Histories, Book V: Text, Commentary, and Vocabulary Philip S. Peek

V.1.1-V.1.3

ἀντικατιζόμενοι = ἀντικαθιζόμενοι < Μεγάβαζος, -ου ὁ: Megabazos, Persian ἀντικαθίζω: sit opposite general serving under Dareios I c. 500 βώσαντες < βοάω: cry aloud, shout μουνομαχίη, -ης ἡ: a single combat Δαρεῖος, -ου ὁ: Dareios (Darius) I the ὀνομαστί: by name Great, third king of the Akhaimenids; Παίονες, -ων οἱ: Paionians, of or from according to Herodotus and the Behistun Paionia, a region of Thrake inscription he defeated the Magi to come παιωνίζω: chant the paean to power c. 550–486 περιεφθέντας < περιέπω: treat, handle; εἶπαν = εἶπον < λέγω tend take care of ἔλιπον < λείπω Περινθίος, -α, -ον: a Pernithian, of or Ἑλλήσποντος, -ου ὁ: the Hellespont, from Perinthos the narrow passage between the Aegean προάστειον, -ου τό: the space and Marmara Seas immediately in front of ἐνετέταλτο < ἐντέλλω: order, enjoin, πρόκλησις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a calling command forth, challenge ἐπιβοάω: call on Στρυμών, -όνος ὁ: Strymon River in ἐπικαλέω: summon; bring a charge northern Greece against συμβάλλω: throw together, dash ἐπιτελέω: complete, finish together; attack + dat. ἐπιχειρέω: put one's hand to or on τρηχέως: roughly, harshly Εὐρώπη, -ης ἡ: Europe τριφάσιος, -η, -ον: triple ἡμέτερος, -α, -ον: our ὑπήκοος, -ον: hearkening, being καταλείπω: leave behind obedient, subject to + gen. καταστρέφω: turn down; overturn, χρησμός, -οῦ ὁ: an oracular response, subdue, trample on oracle κεχαρηκότες < χαίρω χρηστήριον, -ου τό: an oracle κύων, κυνός ὁ or ἡ: a dog

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V.2.1-V.6.2

ἀγεννής, -ές: low-born Ἰνδοί, -ῶν οἱ: Indoi, Indians ἀθανατίζω: be immortal, deathless καταστρέφω: turn down; overturn, subdue, ἄμαχος, -ον: invincible, without battle trample on ἀμήχανος, -ον: without resource κατύπερθε: from above, above, before + gen. ἀναπλῆσαι < ἀναπίμπλημι: fill up or full; κέκριται < κρίνω fulfill; accomplish; appease κράτιστος, -η, -ον: strongest ἀνηγέομαι: tell, relate Κρηστωναῖοι, -ων οἱ: Krestonians, a Thrakian tribe ἀνθρωπήιος, -α, -ον: mortal, human κρίσις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a decision ἀπογίγνομαι: be, be from, be away κρύπτω: hide, cover; bend, stoop ἄπορος, -ον: without passage ληϊστύς, -ύος ἡ: a plundering ἀργός, -ή, -όν: not working the ground μέγιστος, -η, -ον: biggest, greatest ἀσθενέης, -ες = ἀσθενής, -ές: weak μίσγω = μίγνυμι ἄστικτος, -η, -ον: not marked with οἰκηιότατος, -η, -ον: most domestic; ἀτιμότατος, -η, -ον: most unhonored, belonging most to the house; most of all one's dishonored own Γέται, -έων οἱ: Getai, a Thrakian tribe ὀλοφύρομαι: lament, wail; pity 'x' in acc. for γονεύς, -έως ὁ: a begetter, father 'y' in the accusative ἐγγίγνομαι: be, be in, happen ὄνειδος, -ους (-εος) τό: a report; reproach, ἐγκωμιάζω: praise rebuke, censure, blame εἴρηται < λέγω παίζω: play, sport, dance ἐλευθερία, -ας ἡ: freedom, liberty Παίονες, -ων οἱ: Paionians, of or from ἐντέλλω: order, enjoin, command Paionia, a region of Thrake ἐξαγωγή, -ῆς ἡ: a leading out παραπλήσιος, -α, -ον: resembling, similar, same ἐξαπαλάσσω: free, remove, release περιίζομαι: sit round ἐπεάν: when, whenever Περινθίος, -α, -ον: a Perinthian, of or from ἐπικρατέω: command, rule over + gen.; Perinthos get possession of + dat. Πέρινθος, -ου ἡ: Perinthos, a city on the north ἐπιλέγω: say; pick out, choose; (mid.) coast of the Propontis and a colony of the Samians read ποιεῦσι = ποιοῦσι ἐπιτελέω: complete, finish πωλεῦσι = πωλoῦσι < πωλέω: sell ἐργάτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a workman σπουδή, -ῆς ἡ: an eagerness, earnestness ἐστίχθαι < στίζω: mark, tattoo συνθάπτω: bury together, join in burying εὐγενής, -ές: well-born, noble σφάζω: slay, cut the throat, slaughter εὐδαιμονία, -ας ἡ: good fortune τάφος, -ου ὁ: a burial, tomb ἑωυτῆς = ἑαυτῆς τέλλω: accomplish, arise ζῆν = ζάειν < ζάω Τραυσοί, -ῶν οἱ: Trausoi, a Thrakian people ἥδομαι: delight in; take pleasure, rejoice; φιλέω: love, kiss be delighted with + dat. χειρόω: handle, worst, master, subdue ἡμερόω: tame ὠνέομαι: buy, purchase Θρῆϊξ, Θρήϊκος ὁ = Θρᾷξ, Θρᾳκός ὁ: a Thrakian (Thracian) 2

V.7.1-V.9.1

ἄεθλον, -ου τό: a contest, prize κατακαύσαντες < κατακαίω: burn ἄπειρος, -η, -ον: boundless, infinite completely Ἄρης, -ους (-εος) ὁ: Ares, god of war κρύπτω: hide, cover; bend Ἄρτεμις, -ιδος ἡ: Artemis, hunter and Μηδικός, -ή, -όν: Median protector of animals μονομαχία, -ας ἡ: a single combat ἀτρεκής, -ές: strict, precise, exact μοῦνος = μόνος Βορέας, -ου (-εω) ὁ: north wind νεκρός, -οῦ ὁ: a corpse Διόνυσος, -ου ὁ: Dionysos, god of wine ὄμνυμι: swear ἐοῦσα = οὖσα < εἰμί οὔνομα = ὄνομα ἐπιφανέστατος, -η, -ον: very much παντοῖος, -η, -ον: of all sorts, manifold; coming to light, coming suddenly take all shapes i.e. try every expedient into view, appearing παρθένος, -ου ἡ: a maiden, girl ἐρῆμος, -η, -ον or -ος, -ον: desolate, πέρην: on the other side, across lonely, solitary προκλαύσαντες < προκλαίω: weep Ἑρμῆς, -οῦ (-έω) ὁ: Hermes, a god beforehand ἐσθής, -ῆτος ἡ: clothing, raiment προτιθεῖσι = προτιθέασι < προτίθημι: εὐδαίμων, -ον: blessed with a good place before; set before; display; offer genius πυθέσθαι < πυνθάνομαι εὐωχέω: entertain sumptuously σέβομαι: feel awe or fear; feel shame; ἑωυτούς = ἑαυτούς be afraid; worship, honor Θρῆϊξ, Θρήϊκος ὁ = Θρᾷξ, Θρᾳκός ὁ: Σιγύνναι, -ῶν οἱ: the Sigynnai, a people a Thrakian (Thracian) dwelling to the north of the Danube ἱρήϊον = ἱερεῖον, -ου τό: a victim, σφάζω: slay, cut the throat, slaughter animal for sacrifice ταφή, -ῆς ἡ: a burial, tomb Ἴστρος, -ου ὁ: Istros (Ister or Danube), τιθεῖσι = τιθέασι < τίθημι a river running from Germany to the χέω: pour Black Sea χῶμα, -ατος τό: earth thrown up; a bank, mound; breakwater

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V.9.2- V.11.1

ἀγχοῦ: near + gen. or dat. κατήκειν = καθήκειν < καθήκω: come, Ἀδρία, -ας: the Adriatic, west of Greece go; come or go down αἵρεσις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a choice κατήκοος, -α, -ον: listening to; obeying; ἀοίκητος, -ον: not inhabited subject to + gen. ἀπίκετο = ἀφίκετο < ἀφικνέομαι Κώης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Koës, from Mytilene ἄποικος, -ον: away; abroad; (n.) colonist λάσιος, -α, -ον: hairy, hirsute ἄρκτος, -ου ὁ or ἡ: a bear; the North Λίγυες, -ων οἱ: Ligues, inhabitants of ἅρμα, -ατος τό: a chariot, wagon Liguria of northern Italy ἁρματηλατέω: drive a chariot μακρός, -ά, -όν: long ἅτε (conj. οr adv.): since Μασσαλίη, -ης ἡ: Massalie, Italy βάθος, -ους τό: a depth Μεγάβαζος, -ου ὁ: Megabazos, Persian δάκτυλος, -ου ὁ: a finger general serving under Dareios I c. 500 διαβάς < διαβαίνω: cross, go through μέλισσα, -ης ἡ: a bee διελθεῖν < διέρχομαι: go, go through μεταπέμπω: send, send after, summon δόρυ, -ατος τό: a spear Μῆδος, -ου ὁ: a Mede, Persian δύσριγος, -ον: unable to endure cold Μυτιλήναιος, -α, -ον: Mytilenian, of or Ἑλλήσποντος, -ου ὁ: the Hellespont, from Mytilene, a city on Lesbos the narrow passage between the Aegean οἰκότα = ἐοικότα < ἔοικα and Marmara Seas ὀξύτατος, -η, -ον: most swift, sharp Ἐνετοί, -ῶν οἱ: Enetoi or Venetoi, οὖρος, -ου ὁ = ὄρος, -ου ὁ: a boundary inhabitants of north eastern Italy παραθαλάσσιος, -α, -ον (-ος, -ον): by ἐπιφράζω: tell, think, consider the sea; coastal ἐπιχώριος, -α, -ον: indigenous παραίνεσις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: advice, εὐεργεσία, -ας ἡ: a good deed counsel ζεύγνυμι: yoke, join πέντε: (indecl.) five Θρῆϊξ, Θρήϊκος ὁ: a Thrakian πέρην: beyond, on the other side, across (Thracian) προσωτέρω: beyond, further θρίξ, τριχός ἡ: hair Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις Ἱστιαῖος, -ου ὁ: Histiaios (Histiaeus), (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia tyrant of Miletos c. 500 σιγύννης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a spear; Ἴστρος, -ου ὁ: Istros (Ister or Danube), merchant; huckster a river running from Germany to the σιμός, -ή, -όν: flat-nosed, steep Black Sea σμικρός = μικρός κάπηλος, -ου ὁ: a merchant; thief τάχιστα: most swiftly ψῦχος, -ους (-εος) τό: cold, frigidity

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V.11.2- V.12.4

ἄγγος, -ους (-εος) τό: a vessel λίνον, -ου τό: anything made of flax ἀνάσπαστος, -ον: dragged up or back Λύδιος, -α, -ον: Lydian, of or from ἀπικνέονται = ἀφικνέονται < Lydia, centrally located in Asia Minor ἀφικνέομαι Λυδός, -ή, -όν: Lydian, of or from ἄρδω: water Lydia, centrally located in Asia Minor Ἀσία, -ας ἡ: Asia Μαντύης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Mantyes, a ἅτε (conj. οr adv.): as, just as; since, Paionian because; as if Μεγάβαζος, -ου ὁ: Megabazos, Persian ἄτρακτος, -ου ὁ: a spindle general serving under Dareios I c. 500 βραχίων, -ονος ὁ: an arm Μίλητος, -ου ἡ: Miletos, a Greek city Δαρεῖος, -ου ὁ: Dareios (Darius) I the Μύρκινος, -ου ἡ: Myrkinos, a city in Great, third king of the Akhaimenids Makedonia near Lake Prasias δημότης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a citizen, private Μυτιλήνη, -ης ἡ: Mytilene, a city citizen ὄπισθε: after, behind διέβη < διαβαίνω: cross, go through οὐδαμοῦ: nowhere, in no way δορυφόρος, -ου ὁ: a spear-bearer, guard Παίονες, -ων οἱ: Paionians, of or from εἵλοντο < αἱρέω Paionia, a region of Thrake ἑλόντα < αἱρέω παρεξήιε = παρεξῄει < παρέξειμι: go ἐμπίπλημι: fill quite full out, pass, overstep, transgress ἐντέλλω: order, enjoin, command Περσικός, -ή, -όν: Persian ἐπέλκω = ἐφέλκω πῃ: someway, somehow ἐπιθυμέω: set one's heart on Πίγρης, -εως ὁ: Pigres from Paionia ἐπιμελής, -ές: careful, attentive; (+ dat.) προάστειον, -ου τό: the space be a care to immediately in front of εὐειδής, -ές: good-looking, well- προκατίζω = προκαθίζω: sit before formed; well-shaped, comely προσχρηίζω: require; desire, Εὐρώπη, -ης ἡ: Europe προσχρῄζω σου ἐλθεῖν: I desire you to ἐφέλκω: drag come ἐών = ὤν < εἰμί Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις Ἠδωνοί, -ῶν οἱ: Edonoi, inhabitants of (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia Thrakia σκευάζω: prepare, make ready ἦρσε < ἄρδω στρέφω: turn ἰδόμενον < ὁράω τελέω: accomplish, complete Ἱστιαῖος, -ου ὁ: Histiaios (Histiaeus), τοιόσδε, τοιήδε, τοιόνδε: such as this tyrant of Miletos c. 500 τράπω = τρέπω: turn κλώθω: twist by spinning, spin τυραννεύω: be tyrant, rule κτίζω: found τυραννίς, -ίδος ἡ: a tyranny Κώης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Koës, from Mytilene

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V.13.1-V.14.2

ἀδελφεή = ἀδελφή, -ῆς ἡ: a sister ἰέναι < εἶμι ἀμείβω: answer; exchange; pass, cross κατάσκοπος, -ου ὁ: one who ἄποικος, -ον: away; abroad; (n.) colonist reconnoitres, scout, spy αὐτίκα: immediately κεινῇσι < κεῖνος, -η, -ον: that, those ἄχθη < ἄγω Μεγάβαζος, -ου ὁ: Megabazos, Persian βυβλίον, -ου τό: a book general serving under Dareios I c. 500 γράμμα, -ατος τό: a word, letter νεηνίσκος = νεανίσκος, -ου ὁ: a youth Δαρεῖος, -ου ὁ: Dareios (Darius) I the ὁποδαπός, -ή, -όν: of what country, Great, third king of the Akhaimenids what countryman διδοῖ = δίδωσι ὄψις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a sight, appearance, εἵνεκα: for the sake of + gen vision εἰρωτάω = ἐρωτάω: ask Παίονες, -ων οἱ: Paionians, of or from ἔλθοιεν < ἔρχομαι Paionia, a region of Thrake ἔλιπε < λείπω Παιονία, -ας ἡ: Paionia, a region of Ἑλλήσποντος, -ου ὁ: the Hellespont, Thrake the narrow passage between the Aegean περαιωθείς < περαιόω: convey, carry, and Marmara Seas cross ἐντέλλω: order, enjoin, command παρῆσαν < πάρειμι: be present, be ἐξανίστημι: cause to stand, raise up; beside drive out; destroy; be driven out πολίζω: settle, build, found ἐπιλέγω: say, pick out, choose; (mid) ποῦ: where read προθύμως: eagerly, earnestly ἐργάτις, -ιδος ἡ: a servant, working πρόσω: forwards, onwards, further + woman gen. ἔφασαν < φημί Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις ἑωυτῷ = ἑαυτῷ (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia ἦθος, -ους (-εος) τό: a custom, usage, σκοπιά, -ᾶς ἡ: a lookout place, watch habit; haunt Στρυμών, -όνος ὁ: Strymon River in θέω: run northern Greece Θρηΐκη, -ης = Θρᾴκη, -ης: Thrake ταύτῃ: there (Thrace) Τευκροί, -ῶν οἱ: Teukrians, inhabiting θωμάζων = θαυμάζων < θαυμάζω: the Troad of Asia Minor wonder, marvel; admire; wonder at + τράπω: turn gen. Τροία, -ας ἡ: Troy ὥρα = ὥραε < ὁράω

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V.15.1-V.16.1

ἀγγελία, -ας ἡ: a message ἦθος, -ους (-εος) τό: a custom, usage, Ἀγριᾶναι, -ῶν οἱ: Agrianai, a tribe of habit; haunt Paionia ἤπειρος, -ου ἡ: terra firma, land ἁλίζω: gather ἰέναι < εἶμι ἄνω: up, above ἴκρια, -ων τά: a halfdeck, platform Ἀσία, -ας ἡ: Asia κατέχω: hold, keep back, occupy; (int.) αὐτόθι: from there, thence check oneself γέφυρα, -ας ἡ: a bridge κατοικέω: colonize, settle in, dwell, διασκεδάννυμι: scatter inhabit Δόβηραι, -ῶν οἱ: Doberians, a tribe of κεινός, -ή, -όν: empty Paionia λίμνη, -ης ἡ: a pool of standing water, ἐκστρατεύω: march out, take the field lake ἐμβάλλω: throw in; put in; attack Μεγάβαζος, -ου ὁ: Megabazos, Persian ἐξαιρέω: take out general serving under Dareios I c. 500 ἐξανίστημι: raise up μέχρι: up to, until + gen. ἐούσας = οὔσας < εἰμί Ὀδομάντοι, -ων οἱ: Odomantoi, a tribe ἔπειμι: come upon; approach; go from Paionia a region of Thrake against, attack οἷα: seeing that, because ἐπιόντα < ἔπειμι Πάγγαιον, -ου τό: Pangaion Mountain ἐπιπίπτω: fall upon in Makedonia ἐπιχειρέω: put one's hand to Παίονες, -ων οἱ: Paionians, of or from ἐρῆμος, -η, -ον (-ος, -ον): desolate, Paionia, a region of Thrake lonely, solitary Παιόπλαι, -ῶν οἱ: Paioplai, a people of ἐρύκω: restrain, hold back, withstand Paionia on the Strymon river ἐσβάλλω: throw; throw to; attack Πρασιάδα, -άδος ἡ: Prasiad lake ἐσβολή, -ῆς ἡ: a pouring forth or out; Σιριοπαίονες, -ων οἱ: Siriopaionians, of attack or from Siris on the Strymon in ἔσοδος, -ου ἡ: an avenue, access Makedonia ἐσπίπτω: fall to, fall into σταυρός, -οῦ ὁ: a pale, stake, pole ἑτοῖμος, -η, -ον: ready, at hand; able, στεινός, -ή, -όν: narrow, confined prepared (+ inf.) συναλίζω: gather εὐπετέως: easily τράπω = τρέπω ἑωυτούς = ἑαυτούς ὑψηλός, -ή, -όν: high, lofty ζεύγνυμι: yoke, put to χειρόω: handle, worst, master, subdue

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V.16.2- V.17.2

Ἀλέξανδρος, -ου ὁ: Alexandros καταπακτός, -ή, -όν: shutting (Alexander) I of Makedon, king 495-452 downwards, trap ἀνακλίνω: lean, push back κατιεῖ = καθιεῖ < καθίημι: let fall, drop ἀνασπάω: draw, pull up κάτω: downward ἀργύριον, -ου τό: silver λίμνη, -ης ἡ: a pool, lake ἀρχαῖος, -η, -ον: ancient, from the Μακεδονία, -ας ἡ: Makedonia beginning (Macedonia), a region north of Greece γαμέω: marry μέταλλον, -ου τό: a mine, quarry γέφυρα, -ας ἡ: a bridge νήπιος, -η, -ον: infant, child δειμαίνω: be afraid Ὄρβηλος, -ου ὁ: Orbelos Mountain δέω: bind; bind ‘x’ in acc. by ‘y’ in gen. πάπραξ, -ακος ὁ: paprax, a type of fish διαιτάω: support, live a certain way πλήρης, -ες: full of + gen. δόκιμος, -ον (-ος, -α, -ον): worthy, of Πρασιάδα, -άδος ἡ: Prasiad lake good repute σπάρτον, -ου τό: a rope, cable Δύσωρον, -ου τό: Dysoron, a mountain σπυρίς, -ίδος ἡ: a large basket ἐξανίστημι: raise up σταυρός, -οῦ ὁ: a pale, stake, pole ἐπέχω: have, hold on; intend, purpose; σύντομος, -ον: cut short, abridged (intrans.) pause συχνός, -ή, -όν: long, many ἑπτά: seven σχοῖνος, -ου ὁ: a rush, reed; cord ἐχειρώθησαν < χειρόω: master, subdue τάλαντον, -ου τό: a talent (unit of ἦθος, -ους (-εος) τό: a custom, usage, money) habit; haunt τίλων, -ωνος ὁ: a tilon, a type of fish θύρα, -ας ἡ: a door ὑπερβαίνω: go over, go beyond ἴκρια, -ων τά: a halfdeck, platform ὑπεστεῶτας = ὑφεστῶτας < ὑφίστημι ἰχθύς, -ύος ὁ (ἰχθῦς = ἰχθύες or ὑπίστημι = ὑφίστημι: place under, put ἰχθύας): fish under; propose, suggest καλεύω: call ὑποζύγιον, -ου τό: a beast for the yoke καλύβη, -ης ἡ: a hut, cabin φοιτάω: go to and fro; roam; come; go κάρτα: even, especially χειρόω: handle, worst, master, subdue κατακυλίνδω: roll down χόρτος, -ου ὁ: feeding place; fodder

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V.18

ἀλγηδών, -όνος ἡ: a pain, grief κρέσσων, -ον: greater, stronger Ἀλέξανδρος, -ου ὁ: Alexandros Μακεδονία, -ας ἡ: Makedonia (Alexander) I of Makedon, king 495-452 (Macedonia), a region north of Greece Ἀμύντης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Amyntes, a Μακεδών, -ῶνος ὁ: Makedonian Makedonian c. 540-498 (Macedonian), of or from Makedonia ἀντίος, -α, -ον: opposite, set against + μαστός, -οῦ ὁ: a breast; hill gen. or dat. μεγαλοπρεπής, -ές: splendid, ἀπίκοντο = ἀφίκοντο < ἀφικνέομαι magnificent ἅπτω: fasten, grab + gen. μέταλλον, -ου τό: a mine, quarry ἀρχῆθεν: from the beginning μεταπέμπω: send, send after, summon Δαρεῖος, -ου ὁ: Dareios (Darius) I the ξεινίζω: host, entertain Great, third king of the Akhaimenids ξείνιος = ξένιος, -α, -ον: hospitable; of δεῖπνον, -ου τό: a meal, food or pertaining to hospitality δέκομαι = δέχομαι οἰνόω: intoxicate δεσπότης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a master ὄψις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a sight, appearance, διαπίνω: have a drinking contest vision διδοῖς = δίδως < δίδωμι παλλακή, -ῆς ἡ: a concubine ἐδέκετο = ἐδέχετο πάρεδρος, -ον: sitting beside ἐδέξαο = ἐδέξω πάρειμι: be present, be beside εἶπαν = εἶπον < λέγω παρίζω: sit, sit beside εἴπας = εἰπών < λέγω πλεόνως: too much ἐλθεῖν < ἔρχομαι που: anywhere, somewhere, I suppose ἐπεάν (ἐπεί + ἄν): when, whenever προθύμως: eagerly, earnestly ἐπειρᾶτο < πειράω προστίθημι: put to, add to; place beside; ἐπεξῆς: in order hand over, deliver; impose on; add; side ἐσάγω: bring to, lead to; lead forth or with, agree + dat. into προσχρηίζω: require; (+ gen.) desire, εὔμορφος, -ον: good looking προσχρῄζω σου ἐλθεῖν I desire you to ἦλθον < ἔρχομαι come ἡμέτερος, -α, -ον: our προτίθημι: place before; set before; ἰδόμενοι < ὁράω display; offer ἵζω: make sit, seat, place, set φάμενοι < φημί καίπερ: although φιλέω: love, kiss κουρίδιος, -α, -ον: wedded; lawfully φιλοφρόνως: kindly wedded χωρίζω: separate

9

V.19.1- V.20.2

Ἀλέξανδρος, -ου ὁ: Alexandros λιπαρέω: persist, persevere; λιπαρεῖ (Alexander) I of Makedon, king 495-452 ποιῶν he continues doing; persist in + Ἀμύντης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Amyntes, a dat. Makedonian c. 540-498 λούω: wash, bathe ἁνακαίω: kindle, fire, rouse μέθη, -ης ἡ: a strong drink ἀναπαύω: make cease, stop, rest νεοχμόω: make new; innovate politically ἀνέχευ = ἀνέχου νεώτερος, -α, -ον: younger, earlier, ἀνέχω: hold up, lift up; continue newer (implying a revolt); (n.) stranger ἀπαθής, -ές: without suffering, οἰχώκεε < οἴχομαι unharmed ὀπίσω: back, behind ἄπειμι: go away ὁρέω = ὁράω ἄπετε = ἄφετε < ἀφίημι οὐδαμῶς: in no way, never ἄποδος = ἄφοδος, -ου ἡ: a departure, παρεών = παρών < πάρειμι: be present, going away be beside ἀποσημαίνω: announce by signs πόσις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a drinking, drink ἀτρέμας: silently προσδέκομαι = προσδέχομαι: receive αὐτοῦ: here favourably, accept βαρύς, -εῖα, -ύ: deep, heavy προσέρχομαι: come δυσφορέω: suffer προσμένω: bide, wait εἴκω: give way, retire, yield, withdraw; συνιείς < συνίημι: send together; be inferior perceive; understand εἶπε < λέγω σχεδόν: near, roughly speaking, about, ἐκπέμπω: send out almost ἐξεργάζομαι: finish, complete, destroy ὑπερδειμαίνω: be afraid, fear, be really ἐπιτήδειος, -α, -ον: made for an end afraid εὐπετεία, -ας ἡ: an ease χρηίζω: desire, need, lack + gen.; desire, ἐών = ὤν < εἰμί ask 'x' in gen. or acc. + infinitive ἡλικία, -ας ἡ: a time of life, age κατέχω: hold, keep back, occupy; (int.) check oneself

10

V.20.3-V.21.1

ἀδελφεή = ἀδελφή, -ῆς ἡ: a sister λειογένειος, -α, ον: smooth-chinned, Ἀλέξανδρος, -ου ὁ: Alexandros beardless (Alexander) I of Makedon, king 495-452 μάθητε < μανθάνω ἀπαγγέλλω: report, announce, tell Μακεδών, -ῶνος ὁ: Makedonian ἀποπέμπω: send, send off or away (Macedonian), of or from Makedonia ἀποσημαίνω: announce by signs μανθάνω: learn ἅτε (conj. οr adv.): as, just as; since, μέγιστος, -η, -ον: biggest, greatest because; as if μόρος, -ου ὁ: fate, destiny ἀφανίζω: make unseen, hide οἴκατε = ἐοίκατε < ἔοικα γυναικηίη = γυναικών, -ῶνος ἡ: a ὁκόσος = ὁπόσος women's chamber ὁπόσος, -η, -ον: as many, as many as; δέκομαι = δέχομαι how many διεργάζομαι: work, do, destroy ὄχημα, -ατος τό: a cart, wagon; ship δούς < δίδωμι πανδαισία, -ας ἡ: a complete banquet at ἐγχειρίδιος, -ον: in the hand; (n.) dagger which no one and nothing fails εἴπας = εἰπών < λέγω παντελέως: completely, absolutely ἐξελθούσας < ἐξέρχομαι: go, go away, παράγω: lead by go out παρασκευή, -ῆς ἡ: a preparation, ἐξευρόντας < ἐξευρίσκω: find, discover apparatus, equipment ἐπειρῶντο < πειράω πάρειμι: be present, be beside ἐπιδαψιλεύω: abound; lavish on παρίζω: sit, sit beside ἐσθής, -ῆτος ἡ: clothing, raiment προσέρχομαι: come ἑστιάω: receive at one's hearth, σκευάζω: prepare, make ready entertain, feast συνέπαινος, -ον: joining in approbation ἔσω: inside, within + gen. of, consenting to ἑωυτῶν = ἑαυτῶν τέλειος (τέλεος), -α, -ον: perfect θεραπηίη = θεραπεία, -ας ἡ: a service, τράπεζα, -ης ἡ: a table attendance ὕπαρχος, -ου ὁ: a lieutenant, θεράπων, -ονος ὁ: a henchman, servant, commander under another attendant ὑπερδειμαίνω: be afraid, fear, be really ἱστιῆσθαι = ἱστιᾶσθαι = ἑστιᾶσθαι < afraid ἑστιάω: entertain, feast ψαύω: touch κοίτη, -ης ἡ: a bedstead, bed chamber; a ὥρα, -ας ἡ: a Season, hour, time going to bed; intercourse

11

V.21.2-V.22.2

ἀγωνίζομαι: contend for a prize ἑλομένου < αἱρέω ἀγωνιστής, -οῦ ὁ: a combatant ἐξέργω: shut out from ἀεθλεύω: contend for a prize ζήτησις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a seeking, Ἀλέξανδρος, -ου ὁ: Alexandros searching (Alexander) I of Makedon, king 495-452 ἠφάνιστο < ἀφανίζω: make unseen, ἀντιθέω: run, run against hide ἀπαγγέλλω: report, announce καταβαίνω: go, go down ἀποδέξω < ἀποδείκνυμι κατέλαβε < καταλαμβάνω ἀπολομένους < ἀπόλλυμι καταλαμφθείς < καταλαμβάνω Βουβάρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Boubares, a κῃ = πῃ Persian and son of Megabazos c. 500 Ὀλυμπία, -ας ἡ: Olympia, a Greek city Γυγαία, -ας ἡ: Gygaia, Makedonian and in the Peloponnesos daughter of Amyntas c. 500 ὄπισθε: after, behind διέπω: manage, conduct Περδίκκης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Perdikkes, king διεφθάρησαν < διαφθείρω of Makedon c. 680 δίζημαι: seek, search out σιγάω: be silent δούς < δίδωμι σοφία, -ας ἡ: wisdom ἔγνωσαν < γιγνώσκω συνεκπίπτω: fall out; run equal to Ἑλληνοδίκαι, -ῶν οἱ: chief judges at φάμενοι < φημί the Olympic games

12

V.23.1

ἀπίκετο = ἀφίκετο < ἀφικνέομαι μηκέτι: no more, no longer, no further ἀπίξεται = ἀφίξεται < ἀφικνέομαι Μιλήσιος, -α, ον: Milesian, of ἀργύρεος, -η, ον: of silver Miletos, a Greek city on the coast of Karia ἅτε (conj. οr adv.): as, just as; since, μισθός, -οῦ ὁ: wages, pay, hire because; as if Μύρκινος, -ου ἡ: Myrkinos, a city in ἄφθονος, -ον: without envy; plentiful Makedonia near Lake Prasias Δαρεῖος, -ου ὁ: Dareios (Darius) I the ναυπηγήσιμος, -η, -ον: useful in Great, third king of the Akhaimenids shipbuilding διαπεραιόω: take across, ferry over οἰκήιος, -α, -ον = οἰκεῖος, -α, -ον δούς < δίδωμι ὅμιλος, -ου ὁ: a crowd, throng δωρεά, -ᾶς ἡ: a gift, present οὔνομα = ὄνομα ἐγκτίζω: found, build among Παίονες, -ων οἱ: Paionians, of or from Ἑλλήσποντος, -ου ὁ: the Hellespont, Paionia, a region of Thrake the narrow passage between the Aegean περιλαμβάνω: embrace, grasp and Marmara Seas περιοικέω: dwell around ἐνθεῦτεν: thence, hence πῃ: someway, somehow ἐξηγέομαι: be leader of; manage, direct ποιεῦντα = ποιοῦντα < ποιέω ἐόντος = ὄντος πολλός = πολύς ἐπεάν: whenever προστάτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: one who stands ἐπειδή: when, since before, front-rank man ἐπιλαμβάνω: take, get hold of + gen. Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις ἦλθε < ἔρχομαι (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia ἤπιος, -α, -ον: gentle, kind Στρυμών, -όνος ὁ: Strymon River in Θρηΐκη, -ης = Θρᾴκη, -ης: Thrake northern Greece (Thrace) συνέχω: hold, keep together; constrain, ἴδη, -ης ἡ: a timber-tree engage Ἱστιαῖος, -ου ὁ: Histiaios (Histiaeus), σχεδία, -ας ἡ: a raft, float, craft, light tyrant of Miletos c. 500 bridge κοῖος, -α, -ον = ποῖος, -α, -ον τειχέω: build a wall; construct κωπεύς, -έως (-έος) ὁ (always in pl.): φυλακή, -ῆς ἡ: a guard, watch, garrison pieces of wood fit for making oars, spars χῶρος, -ου ὁ: a place Μεγάβαζος, -ου ὁ: Megabazos, Persian general serving under Dareios I c. 500 μέταλλον, -ου τό: a mine, quarry μεταπέμπω: send, send after, summon

13

V.24.1- V.25.1

ἄγγελος, -ου ὁ: a messenger Μεγάβαζος, -ου ὁ: Megabazos, Persian ἀνθρωπέη, -ης ἡ: a person's skin general serving under Dareios I c. 500 ἀπελαύνω: drive away, expel from μεταπέμπω: send, send after, summon ἀπίκεo = ἀφίκεο < ἀφικνέομαι Μίλητος, -ου ἡ: Miletos, a Greek city Ἀρταφρένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Artaphrenes, Μύρκινος, -ου ἡ: Myrkinos, a city in brother of Dareios I and satrap of Sardis Makedonia near Lake Prasias βασιλήϊος = βασίλειος, -α, -ον: royal νεόκτιστος, -η, -ον: newly built βραχύς, -εῖα, -ύ: short, brief νοστέω: go home, return Δαρεῖος, -ου ὁ: Dareios (Darius) I the ὁμοπάτριος, -α, -ον: of the same father Great, third king of the Akhaimenids Ὀτάνης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Otanes, Persian δέρμα, -ατος τό: skin nobleman and leader of the conspirators δικάζω: judge παραθαλάσσιος, -α, -ον (-ος, -ον): by ἔα = ἔαε < ἐάω the sea; coastal ἐγνωκώς < γιγνώσκω προοράω: see before, look forward to; εἴπας = εἰπών < λέγω look out for + gen. ἐντείνω: stretch προτείνω: stretch, stretch forth, extend ἐντέλλω: order, enjoin, command πω: up to this time, yet ἐπιζητέω: seek, seek out Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις ἐπινοέω: think on (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia εὔνοος, -η, -ον (εὔνους = εὔνοος; pl. Σισάμνης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Sisamnes εὔνοι): well-minded, well-disposed Σκύθης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Skythian εὐπετής, -ές: falling well, easy Σοῦσα, -ων τά: Sousa, a Persian city ἑωυτοῦ = ἑαυτοῦ σπαδίζω: draw off Θρηΐκη, -ης = Θρᾴκη, -ης: Thrake σύμβουλος, -ου ὁ: an adviser (Thrace) συνειδώς < σύνοιδα: know, understand θρόνος, -ου ὁ: a throne, seat συνετός, -ή, -όν: intelligent ἰδεῖν < ὁράω σύσσιτος, -ον: eating together ἵζω: make sit, seat, place, set σφάζω: slay, cut the throat, slaughter ἱμάς, -άντος ὁ: leather, a strap τάμνω = τέμνω Ἱστιαῖος, -ου ὁ: Histiaios (Histiaeus), τιμιώτατος, -η, -ον: most valued tyrant of Miletos c. 500 ὕπαρχος, -ου ὁ: a lieutenant, καταστήσας < καθίστημι commander under another κατεργάζομαι: effect, accomplish, ὑπερθέωμαι < ὑπερτίθημι: put or set achieve; destroy, conquer, overpower over; erect; commit, entrust, disclose; κτῆμα, -ατος τό: a possession, thing hand over, communicate μαρτυρέω: witness, give witness φροντίζω: consider, reflect

14

V.25.2-V.28.1

αἰτιάομαι: accuse, censure Λέσβιος, -α, -ον: Lesbian, of Lesbos ἀνδραποδίζω: enslave Λήμνιος, -α, -ον: a Lemnian, of or from ἄνεσις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a relaxing Lemnos Ἄντανδρος, -ου ἡ: Antandros, a city Λῆμνος, -ου ἡ: Lemnos, a Greek island ἀπέδεξε < ἀποδείκνυμι λιποστρατία, -ας ἡ: a desertion from ἀποδείρω: skin, flay the army, refusal to serve ἀποκομίζω: carry away, escort; return Λυκάρητος, -ου ὁ: Lykaretos, governor βασιλεύω: be king, rule, reign + gen. Μαιανδρίος, -ου ὁ: Maiandrios, king of Βυζάντιος, -α, -ον: Byzantine Samos c. 500 διάδοχος, -η, -ον: succeeding μεμνῆσθαι < μιμνήσκω δικάζω: judge Μίλητος, -ου ἡ: Miletos, a Greek city ἐγκατίζω = ἐγκαθίζω: seat, sit Νάξος, -ου ἡ: Naxos, a Greek island εἷλε < αἱρέω ὀπίσω: back, behind ἐντανύω: stretch, strain Ὀτάνης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Otanes, Persian ἐντειλάμενος < ἐντέλλω: order nobleman and leader of the conspirators ἐξεργάζομαι: finish, complete, destroy Πελασγός, -οῦ ὁ: a Pelasgian, an ἐπιστᾶσι < ἐφίστημι: set or place on indigenous inhabitant of Greece θρόνος, -ου ὁ: a throne, seat περιεοῦσι = περιοῦσι < περίειμι: be Ἴμβρος, -ου ἡ: Imbros, an island around, exist, survive Ἴωνες, -ων οἱ: Ionians, of or from Ionia πολλόν = πολύν or πολύ κακόω: treat badly, ill-use, maltreat Σάμος, -ου ἡ: Samos, a Greek island Καλχηδόνιοι, -ων οἱ: Kalkhedonians σίνομαι: hurt, harm, plunder; damage (Calchedonians), inhabitants of Σισάμνης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Sisamnes Kalkhedon in Bithynia on the coast of Σκύθης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Skythian the Propontis στρατηγέω: be general, command Καμβύσης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kambyses στρατηγία, -ας ἡ: an office of general, (Cambyses), king of Persia command, generalship καταστρέφω: turn down; subdue Τρῳάς, -άδος ἡ: Trojan κατίζων = καθίζω: make sit, place, set ὕπαρχος, -ου ὁ: a lieutenant, Λαμπώνιον, -ου τό: Lamponion, an commander under another Aiolian town in the southwest of the Troad

15 V.28.1 cont. - V.29

ἀγρός, -οῦ ὁ: a field καταρτίζω: adjust; put in order; restore, ἀκμάζω: be in full bloom, be at the repair prime; flourish, abound καταρτιστήρ, -ῆρος ὁ: one who ἁλία, -ας ἡ: an assembly of people restores order, mediator ἀνεστηκυίῃ < ἀνίστημι: make to stand κατέβησαν < καταβαίνω: go down, go up, raise up; be ravaged, be wasted down to ἀπέδεξαν < ἀποδείκνυμι κατύπερθε: from above, above, before + ἀπίκοντο = ἀφίκοντο < ἀφικνέομαι gen. ἀπογράφω: write off, copy Μιλήσιος, -α, ον: Milesian, of Miletos, ἄστυ, -ους (-εος) τό: a town a Greek city on the coast of Karia γενεά, -ᾶς ἡ: a race, family Μίλητος, -ου ἡ: Miletos, a Greek city δεσπότης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a master Νάξος, -ου ἡ: Naxos, a Greek island δημόσιος, -α, -ον: of the people, νέμω: deal out, distribute; inhabit; belonging to the people pasture; graze; manage, control διέξειμι: go out through νοσέω: be sick, ail διεξελάσαντες < διεξελαύνω: drive, οἰκοφθορέω: squander one's substance ride, march through οὔνομα = ὄνομα διεξελθεῖν < διεξέρχομαι: go through, Πάριος, -α, -ον: Parian, of or from pass through Paros, a Greek isle in the central Aegean εἵλοντο < αἱρέω πρόσχημα, -ατος τό: that which is held ἐξεργάζομαι: finish, complete, bring to before; ornament; outward appearance; perfection; destroy costume, uniform ἐπιμελέομαι: take care of, have a προφέρω: bring forth; produce; surpass concern for + gen. + gen. εὐδαιμονία, -ας ἡ: good fortune σπάνιος, -α, -ον: rare, scarce, scanty εὑρόντες < εὑρίσκω στασιάζω: rebel, revolt, quarrel ἔφασαν < φημί στάσις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a placing, setting; ἑωυτῆς = ἑαυτῆς faction ἴδοιεν < ὁράω σφέτερος, -α, -ον: their, of them Ἰωνία, -ας ἡ: Ionia, Greek region on the τάττω: order, appoint; arrange, set in coast of Asia Minor order καταλλάσσω: change, reconcile ὥρων = ὥραον < ὁράω

16 V.30.1- V.30.5

ἀγρός, -οῦ ὁ: a field μηχανάομαι: devise, construct, build; ἀέκων, -ουσα, -ον: unwilling bring about ἀνεψιός, -οῦ ὁ: a cousin Μιλήσιος, -α, ον: Milesian, of Miletos, ἀπίκοντο = ἀφίκοντο < ἀφικνέομαι a Greek city on the coast of Karia Ἀρισταγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Aristagores Μίλητος, -ου ἡ: Miletos, a Greek city (Aristagoras), governor of Miletos Μολπαγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Molpagores, Ἀρταφρένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Artaphrenes, father of Aristagoras, deputy governor of brother of Dareios I and satrap of Sardis Miletos c. 520 Ἀσία, -ας ἡ: Asia Νάξιος, -α, -ον: Naxian, of or from ἀσπίς, -ίδος ἡ: a shield Naxos γαμβρός, -οῦ ὁ: a son, father, or brother- Νάξος, -ου ἡ: Naxos, a Greek island in-law ξεινία = ξενία, -ας ἡ: guest friendship Δαρεῖος, -ου ὁ: Dareios (Darius) I the ὀκτακισχιλίος, -α, -ον: eight thousand Great, third king of the Akhaimenids παράσχοι < παρέχω ἐξεργάζομαι: finish, complete, destroy Πάριος, -α, -ον: Parian, of or from ἐόντες = ὄντες < εἰμί Paros, a Greek isle in the central Aegean ἐπιθαλλάσιος, -α, -ον: of the sea, by the παχύς, -εῖα, -ύ: thick, stout, wealthy sea πλοῖον, -ου τό: a ship ἐπιλέγω: say, pick out, choose; think ποιεύμενος = ποιoύμενος over, consider; (mid) read πολίων = πόλεων ἐπινοέω: intend, think on, plan προσφέρω: bring, bring to, apply to; ἐπίτροπος, -ον: being in charge or an offer, propose; contribute, pay; resemble overseer + acc. of resp.; (pass.) attack, assault; ἦλθον < ἔρχομαι approach Ἱστιαῖος, -ου ὁ: Histiaios (Histiaeus), σκῆψις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: an excuse, tyrant of Miletos c. 500 pretext Ἰωνία, -ας ἡ: Ionia, Greek region on the Σοῦσοι, -ων οἱ: Sousoi, of or from coast of Asia Minor Sousa, a city north of the Persian Gulf κατάγω: lead down, bring down; bring σπουδή, -ῆς ἡ: an eagerness, back earnestness καταρτίζω: adjust; put in order; restore, Ὑστάσπης, -ους (-εος) ὁ: Hystaspes, a Persian repair and father of Artaphrenes and Darius 1 c. 580 κατέλθωσι < κατέρχομαι: go down; φερέγγυος, -ον: giving surety, trusty, return competent κατέχω: hold, keep back, occupy; (int.) χρηίζω: desire, need, lack + gen.; desire, check oneself ask 'x' in gen. or acc. + infinitive Λυσαγόρης, -ου ὁ: Lysagores, father of Histaios c. 520

17 V.30.6- V.31

ἀγχοῦ: near + gen. or dat. κάρτα: even, especially αἱρεθῆναι < αἱρέω κατάγω: lead down, bring down; bring ἀμείβω: answer; exchange; pass, cross back ἀναισίμωμα, -ατος τό: an expenditure Κυκλάδες, -ων αἱ: Kyklades, a group of ἀνδράποδον, -ου τό: an enslaved war islands in the Aegean captive Κύπρος, -ου ἡ: Kypros, an island in the Ἄνδρος, -ου ἡ: Andros, an island Mediterranean ἀπικόμενος = ἀφικόμενος < μέγαθος = μέγεθος ἀφικνέομαι Νάξιος, -α, -ον: Naxian, of or from ἀποχράω: suffice, be enough Naxos Ἀρισταγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Aristagores Νάξος, -ου ἡ: Naxos, a Greek island (Aristagoras), governor of Miletos νησιώτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: an islander Ἀρταφρένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Artaphrenes, παραινέω: exhort, recommend, advise brother of Dareios I and satrap of Sardis παρέξ: outside + gen; beyond + acc. ἀρτάω: fasten to; depend on Πάρος, -ου ἡ: Paros, a Greek island δαπάνη, -ης ἡ: a cost, expenditure προσκτάομαι: gain, get διακόσιοι, -αι, -α: two-hundred προστίθημι: put to, add to; place beside; διαλύω: loose, break up, discharge hand over, deliver; impose on; add; side δῶρον, -ου τό: a gift with, agree + dat. ἔαρ, ἔαρος τό: spring Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις ἑκατόν: one-hundred (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia ἔνι = ἔνεστι: be in; be possible στρατηλατέω: lead an army into the ἐξηγητής = ἐσηγητής, -ου ὁ: one who field leads on, adviser συνέπαινος, -ον: assenting to, ἐπιθήσεαι < ἐπιτίθημι: set on; add consenting to + dat. ἐπιφαίνω: show forth, display ὑπισχνέομαι: take on oneself, promise Εὐβοία, -ας ἡ: Euboia, a Greek island φυγάς, -άδος ὁ or ἡ: an exile, deserter εὐδαίμων, -ον: with a good genius χειρόω: handle, worst, master, subdue εὐπετής, -ές: falling well, easy ὥς: and so, thus, in this way καλευμένας = καλουμένας < καλέω

18 V.32.1-V.33.2

ἄνεμος, -ου ὁ: a wind Κλεόμβροτος, -ου ὁ: Kleombrotos ἀνεψιός, -οῦ ὁ: a cousin Λακεδαίμων, -ονος ἡ: Lakedaimon, the ἀπέδεξε < ἀποδείκνυμι official name of Sparta ἀπήιε = ἀπῄει < ἄπειμι: go out Μεγαβάτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Megabates, ἀπολέσθαι < ἀπόλλυμι Persian general and admiral c. 500 ἀποστέλλω: send off, send away Μίλητος, -ου ἡ: Miletos, a Greek city Ἀρισταγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Aristagores Μύνδιος, -α, -ον: Myndian, of or from (Aristagoras), governor of Miletos Myndos, a Lelegian town of Asia Minor ἁρμόζω: join, fit together Νάξιος, -α, -ον: Naxian, of or from Ἀρταφρένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Artaphrenes, Naxos brother of Dareios I and satrap of Sardis Νάξος, -ου ἡ: Naxos, a Greek island Ἀχαιμενίδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Akhaimenid, ὅμιλος, -ου ὁ: a crowd, throng a ruling family of Persia οὔνομα = ὄνομα Βορέας, -ου (-εω) ὁ: north wind παραλαμβάνω: take, receive Δαρεῖος, -ου ὁ: Dareios (Darius) I the Παυσανίης, (-εω) -ου ὁ: Pausaniës Great, third king of the Akhaimenids (Pausanias), a Spartan διαβάλλω: throw over, cross over; περιιόντος < περίειμι: go around slander περιχαρής, -ές: exceedingly glad διακόσιοι, -αι, -α: two-hundred ποιεῦντας = ποιοῦντας διελόντας < διαιρέω: divide; distribute πρόφασις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a pretext, διηκόσιοι = διακόσιοι excuse, cause, reason; (acc.) as pretext δορύφορος, -ον: spear-bearing Σκύλαξ, -ακος ὁ: Skylax, naval captain Ἑλλήσποντος, -ου ὁ: the Hellespont, Σοῦσοι, -ων οἱ: Sousoi, of or from the narrow passage between the Aegean Sousa, a city north of the Persian Gulf and Marmara Seas στόλος, -ου ὁ: an expedition, equipment ἐξευρίσκω: find out, discover συνέπαινος, -ον: consenting to + dat. ἔξω: outside, without συνηνείχθη < συμφέρω ἔρως, -ωτος ὁ: love, desire σχών < ἔχω ἔσω: inside, within + gen. τριήρης, -ους (-εος) ἡ: a trireme ἐών = ὤν < εἰμί ὑπερθέντι < ὑπερτίθημι: put or set ἑωυτοῦ = ἑαυτοῦ over; erect; commit, entrust, disclose θαλαμία, -ας ἡ: an oar, port-hole φυλακή, -ῆς ἡ: a guard, watch, garrison Ἰάς, -άδος ἡ: Ionian, of or from Ionia Χίος, -ου ἡ: Khios (Chios), a Greek κάρτα: even, especially island famous for its wine Καύκασα, -ων τά: Kaukasa, a harbor on the southwest coast of Khios

19 V.33.3-V.34

ἀγρός, -οῦ ὁ: a field παραιτέομαι: obtain be prayer; entreat ἀποστέλλω: send off, send away παρεόντα = παρόντα < πάρειμι Ἀρισταγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Aristagores παρεσομένου < πάρειμι (Aristagoras), governor of Miletos περίειμι: go around Ἀρταφρένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Artaphrenes, πεφραγμένους < φράσσω: fence in; brother of Dareios I and satrap of Sardis fortify δεθέντος < δέω πλεῦνας = πλείονας < πλείων, πλεῖον δῆσαι < δέω πλοῖον, -ου τό: a ship διαβάλλω: throw over, cross over; πολιορκέω: besiege slander πολιορκία, -ας ἡ: a seige εἶπε < λέγω ποτόν, -οῦ τό: a drink ἐλθών < ἔρχομαι προσαναισιμόομαι: be spent besides ἐξαγγέλλω: announce προσδέκομαι = προσδέχομαι: receive ἐσάξαντο < σάττω favourably, accept ἐσηνείκαντο < ἐσφέρω: carry in προσφέρω: bring, bring to, apply to; ἤπειρος, -ου ἡ: a mainland, continent, offer, propose; contribute, pay; resemble land, terra firma + acc. of resp.; (pass.) attack, assualt; θυμόω: make angry, provoke approach κάρτα: even, especially σάττω: fill quite full, pack, stuff; load καταδαπανάω: squander with armor; (mid.) strengthen λυμαίνομαι: outrage, maim, mutilate; be σῖτος, -ου ὁ: grain, food maltreated; be destroyed Σκύλαξ, -ακος ὁ: Skylax, naval captain Μεγαβάτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Megabates, σπέρχω: set in rapid motion; be hasty or Persian general and admiral c. 500 hot Μύνδιος, -α, -ον: Myndian, of or from στόλος, -ου ὁ: an expedition, equipment Myndos, a Lelegian town of Asia Minor τέσσερες: four Νάξιος, -α, -ον: Naxian, of or from τῇ: where Naxos φράσοντας < φράζω Νάξος, -ου ἡ: Naxos, a Greek island φυγάς, -άδος ὁ or ἡ: an exile, deserter ξεῖνος = ξένος Χίος, -ου ἡ: Khios (Chios), a Greek οἰκοδομέω: build a house island famous for its wine

20 V.35

ἀναμένω: wait for, await; endure; delay, κατοχή, -ῆς ἡ: a holding back, put off; stand firm against detention; possession ἀναφύω: make grow; grow; grow again λογίζω: think, consider, calculate ἀπαιτέω: demand back, demand to have Μεγαβάτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Megabates, returned Persian general and admiral c. 500 ἀπίκηται = ἀφίκηται < ἀφικνέομαι μετήσεσθαι = μεθήσεσθαι < μεθίημι: ἀπίστασθαι = ἀφίστασθαι < ἀφίστημι set loose, let go, let fall; give up, ἀπῖχθαι < ἀφικνέομαι abandon; (mid. and intrans.) let oneself ἀποξυράω: shave clean go; be allowed to go ἀποπέμπω: send, send off or away Μίλητος, -ου ἡ: Miletos, a Greek city ἀπόστασις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a standing νεώτερος, -α, -ον: younger, earlier, away, revolt newer (implying a revolt); (n.) stranger Ἀρισταγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Aristagores ξυρέω (also άω): shave; shave + double (Aristagoras), governor of Miletos acc.: ξυρεῖν αὐτὸν τὰς τρίχας 'to shave ἀρρωδέω: dread, shrink from his hair' Ἀρταφρένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Artaphrenes, οὐδαμά: never, in no way brother of Dareios I and satrap of Sardis οὐδαμῶς: in no way, never ἀσφαλής, -ές: safe, certain, secure πιέζω: press, crush βασιληία, -ας ἡ: a kingdom πιστός, -ή, -όν: trusty, trustworthy, often δαπάνη, -ης ἡ: a cost, expenditure + dat. διαβάλλω: throw over, cross over; ποιεύμενος = ποιoύμενος slander σημῆναι < σημαίνω: point out, show, διαβεβλημένος < διαβάλλω give a signal εἴρηται < λέγω Σοῦσοι, -ων οἱ: Sousoi, of or from ἐκτελέω: bring to an end, accomplish, Sousa, a city north of the Persian Gulf achieve στίγμα, -ατος τό: prick, puncture, mark, ἐντέλλω: order, enjoin, command spot ἐπεάν (ἐπεί + ἄν): when, whenever στίζω: mark, tattoo ἑωυτοῦ = ἑαυτοῦ συμπίπτω: fall, fall with or together; θρίξ, τριχός ἡ: hair (imper.) happen, come to pass Ἱστιαῖος, -ου ὁ: Histiaios (Histiaeus), τρίχας < θρίξ tyrant of Miletos c. 500 ὑπόσχεσις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: an κατιδέσθαι < καθοράω: look at, look undertaking, engagement, promise on

21 V.36

ἄλλως: otherwise Ἱστιαῖος, -ου ὁ: Histiaios (Histiaeus), ἀνατίθημι: set up, establish, offer tyrant of Miletos c. 500 ἀπελθόν < ἀπέρχομαι καταιρέω = καθαιρέω: take down; pull ἀπιγμένα = ἀφιγμένα < ἀφικνέομαι down; accomplish ἀπίστασθαι = ἀφίστασθαι < ἀφίστημι καταλέγω: say, tell, recount; lay down; ἀποπέμπω: send, send off or away pick out, choose; reckon ἀποστάσιος, -α, -ον: standing away, Κροῖσος, -ου ὁ: Kroisos (Croesus), revolting Lydian king c. 595-547 Ἀρισταγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Aristagores λογοποιός, -όν: word-making (Aristagoras), governor of Miletos Λυδός, -ή, -όν: Lydian, of or from Ἀρταφρένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Artaphrenes, Lydia, centrally located in Asia Minor brother of Dareios I and satrap of Sardis Μιλήσιος, -α, ον: Milesian, of Miletos, ἀσθενέης, -ες = ἀσθενής, -ές: weak a Greek city on the coast of Karia Βραγχίδαι, -ῶν αἱ: Brankhidai, a Μυόεις, Μυοῦντος ἡ: Myous, an Ionian promontory and site of the oracle of city about 15 kilometers from Miletos Apollo Didymeus in Miletos ναυκρατής, -ές: ruling the sea διανοέομαι: intend οὐδαμῶς: in no way, never διανοεύμενος = διανοούμενος πλώσαντα < πλέω: sail Ἑκαταῖος, -ου ὁ: Hekataios (Hecataeus) σημανέω = σημαίνω: point out, show, of Miletos, a historian c. 500 give a signal ἐκφήνας < ἐκφαίνω: bring to light, στασιώτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a member of a reveal party ἐκφέρω: bring, bear; bring, bear out συλάω: strip off, despoil, plunder ἐκφήνας < ἐκφαίνω συλλαμβάνω: take, bring together; ἐνοράω: see, look, look on collect, arrest; understand ἐόν = ὄν < εἰμί συμβουλεύω: plot, plan, advise ἐπικρατέω: command, rule over + gen.; συμπίπτω: fall, fall with or together; get possession of + dat. (impers.) happen, come to pass ἐπιπλέω: sail, sail for or against συνελθόντα < συνέρχομαι: come, go; ἑωυτοῦ = ἑαυτοῦ come, go with or together ἱρός = ἱερός, -ά, -όν τὠυτό = τὸ αὐτό

22 V.37-V.38

ἀπεστήκεε = ἀφεστήκεε < ἀφίημι καταστῆσαι < καθίστημι ἀπῆκαν = ἀφῆκαν < ἀφίημι Κυμαῖος, -α, -ον: of or from Kyme, an ἀπίεσαν = ἀφίεσαν < ἀφίημι Aiolian city close to Lydia ἀπίστημι = ἀφίστημι Κώης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Koës, from Mytilene ἀποπέμπω: send, send off or away Λακεδαίμων, -ονος ἡ: Lakedaimon, the ἀπόστολος, -ου ὁ: a messenger, official name of Sparta ambassador, envoy μετείς = μεθείς < μεθίημι: set loose, let Ἀρισταγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Aristagores go; (mid. and intrans.) let oneself go; be (Aristagoras), tyrant of Kyme c. 500 allowed to go Ἀρισταγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Aristagores μηχανάομαι: devise, construct, build; (Aristagoras), governor of Miletos bring about Δαρεῖος, -ου ὁ: Dareios (Darius) I the Μιλήσιος, -α, ον: Milesian, of Miletos, Great, third king of the Akhaimenids a Greek city on the coast of Karia δόλος, -ου ὁ: a bait; trick, deceit, craft Μίλητος, -ου ἡ: Miletos, a Greek city δωρέω: give, present Μυλασσεύς, -έως (-έος) ὁ: of or from εἴη < εἰμί Mylasa, a Karian city of Asia Minor ἐκδίδωμι: give up, give out Μυτιλήναιος, -α, -ον: Mytilenian, of or ἑκών, -οῦσα, -όν: willing, voluntary from Mytilene, a city on Lesbos ἐμφανής, -ές: showing in, visible to the Μυτιλήνη, -ης ἡ: Mytilene, a city eye, manifest Νάξος, -ου ἡ: Naxos, a Greek island ἐξάγω: lead out, lead away ὅθεν: from where; whence; where ἐξελαύνω: drive out; march out Ὀλίατος, -ου ὁ: Oliatos, son of Ibanollis ἐξευρίσκω: find out, discover and tyrant of Mylasa c. 500 Ἐρξάνδρος, -ου ὁ: Erxandros, παραλαμβάνω: take; receive Mytilenean and father of Koës c. 530 πλεῦνες = πλείονες < πλείων, πλεῖον Ἡρακλείδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Herakleides, συλλαμβάνω: take, bring together; of Herakles collect, arrest; understand Ἰβανώλλις, -ιος ὁ: Ibanollis, father of συμμαχία, -ας ἡ: an alliance Oliatos, the tyrant of Mylasa συμπλευσασέων < συμπλέω: sail with Ἰητραγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Ietragores συναπισταίατο = συναφισταίατο < (Ietragoras), of Miletos συναφίστημι: draw into revolt together ἰσονομία, -ας ἡ: an equal distribution, συχνός, -ή, -όν: long, many equilibrium, balance σφέτερος, -α, -ον: their, of them Ἱστιαῖος, -ου ὁ: Histiaios (Histiaeus), Τερμερής, -οῦς (-έος) ὁ: of Termera, on tyrant of Miletos c. 500 the west coast of Asia minor Ἰωνία, -ας ἡ: Ionia, Greek region on the τριήρης, -ους (-εος) ἡ: a trireme coast of Asia Minor Τύμνης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Tymnes, father of καταλεύω: stone to death Histiaios and from Termera, on the west κατάπαυσις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a stopping coast of Asia Minor, c. 530 καταπαύω: put an end to, stop τυραννίς, -ίδος ἡ: a tyranny τὠυτό = τὸ αὐτό

23 V.39- V.40.1

ἀδελφεή = ἀδελφή, -ῆς ἡ: a sister Εὐρυσθενής, -οῦς (-έος) ὁ: ἁδήσεις < ἁνδάνω: please, gratify, Eurysthenes, king of Sparta delight + dat. ἔφορος, -ον: overseeing, guarding; (n.) ἀλλοῖος, -α, -ον: of another sort ephor, Spartan magistrate ἀμείβω: answer; exchange; pass, cross ἑωυτοῦ = ἑαυτοῦ ἀναμάρτητος, -ον: unerring, unfailing καταθύμιος, -α, -ον: in the mind, at Ἀναξανδρίδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: heart; welcoming, pleasing Anaxandrides, king of Sparta Κλεομένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kleomenes, ἁνδάνω: please, gratify, delight + dat. king of Sparta c. 520-490 ἀνδραγαθία, -ας ἡ: bravery, manly Λέων, -οντος ὁ: Leon, a Spartan virtue οὐδαμῶς: in no way, never ἀντιβαίνω: go against, resist, withstand παραινέω: exhort, recommend, advise ἀπέντα = ἀφέντα < ἀφίημι περιέχω: hold around, embrace; hold on βασιλεύω: be king, rule, reign + gen. to + gen. βασιληία, -ας ἡ: a kingdom περιεών = περιών < περίειμι: be γαμέω: marry around, exist, survive γέρων, γέροντος ὁ: an old man περιοπτέος, -α, -ον: must be overlooked γῆμον < γαμέω προοράω: see before, look forward to; εἶπαν = εἶπον < λέγω look out for + gen. ἔξεο < ἐξίημι προσφέρω: bring, bring to, offer ἐξίημι: send out, let go σεωυτοῦ = σαυτοῦ < σαυτός, -ή, -όν: ἐξίτηλος, -ον: going out yourself ἐούσης = οὔσης < εἰμί Σπάρτη, -ης ἡ: Sparte (Sparta) ἐπικαλέω: summon; bring a charge Σπαρτιήτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Spartiate against συμβουλεύω: plot, plan, advise ἐσάγω: bring to, lead to; lead forth or σχών < ἔχω into φάς < φημί

24 V.40.2-V.42.1

ἀκρομανής, -ές: somewhat mad Κλεόμβροτος, -ου ὁ: Kleombrotos ἄλλως: otherwise Κλεομένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kleomenes, Ἀναξανδρίδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: king of Sparta c. 520-490 Anaxandrides, king of Sparta κομπέω: clash, ring; boast ἀνδραγαθία, -ας ἡ: bravery, courage κυέω: be pregnant with ἀπιστία, -ας ἡ: distrust Λεωνίδας, Λεωνίδου (-εω) ὁ: Leonidas, ἀποφαίνω: show, display, prove famous Spartan king, who died fighting at ἄτοκος, -ον: childless Thermopylae in 480 B.C.E. βασιληία, -ας ἡ: a kingdom οἰκήιος, -α, -ον = οἰκεῖος, -α, ον: Δημαρμένος, -ου ὁ: Demarmenos belonging to the house δίδυμος, -η, -ον: double, twofold, twin ὀχλέω: disturb, trouble διελθόντος < διέρχομαι: come, go, go περιίζομαι: sit round through or across πῃ: someway, somehow διξός, -ή, -όν: twofold, double Πρινητάδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Prinetades, a Δωριεύς, -έως (-έος) ὁ: Dorieus, king of Spartan c. 540 Sparta c. 515; (pl.) Dorians προσδέομαι: want, need; beg, ask; ask ἔξεσις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a dismissal, 'x' in gen for 'y' in gen. divorce Σπαρτιήτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Spartiate ἐοῦσα = οὖσα < εἰμί Σπαρτιητικός, -ή, -όν: Spartan ἐπελθοῦσα < ἐπέρχομαι: go forth, go συντάμνω: cut, cut down against συντυχία, -ας ἡ: an incident; good ἐσάγω: lead forth or into fortune; bad fortune ἐσύστερον: for the future συνχωρέω: go with, go along ἔτεκε < τίκτω σχήσων < ἔχω ἔφεδρος, -ον: the competitor next in line τεκνοποιός, -όν: child-producing to fight the victor; sitting, succeeding ὑποβάλλω: throw, lay under; substitute ἔφορος, -ον: overseeing, guarding; (n.) φάμενοι < φημί ephor, Spartan magistrate φρενήρης, -ες: of sound mind ἡλίκος, -η, -ον: of similar age ἰθέως: directly straight ἱστία, -ας ἡ: a hearth ἴσχω: hold, restrain, have, possess; ἴσχειν αὐτὸν ταῦτα ποιεῖν: to prevent him from doing these things

25 V.42.2-V.43.1

Ἀναξανδρίδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: κτάομαι: procure for oneself, get, Anaxandrides, king of Sparta acquire Ἀντιχάρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Antikhares, κτίζω: found from Eleon c. 500 Λάϊος, -ου ὁ: Laïos, king of Thebes ἀπέθανε < ἀποθνῄσκω Λακεδαίμων, -ονος ἡ: Lakedaimon, the ἀπίει = ἀφίει < ἀφίημι official name of Sparta ἀπικόμενος = ἀφικόμενος < λέως, -ω (acc.: λέων) ὁ: people ἀφικνέομαι Λιβύη, -ης ἡ: Libya, in Africa by Egypt ἀποικία, -ας ἡ: a colony, settlement Λίβυς, -υος ὁ: a Libyan, of or from the βαρύς, -εῖα, -ύ: deep, heavy area in north Africa βασιλεύω: be king, rule, reign + gen. Μακέαι, -ῶν οἱ: Makeai, inhabitants of Δελφός, -ή, -όν: Delphian; (m. pl.) Libya Delphians; (f. pl) Delphi, site of the οἰκίζω: found as a colony oracle of Apollo οἴχομαι: go, be gone, have gone Δωριεύς, -έως (-έος) ὁ: Dorieus, king of παραλαμβάνω: take; receive Sparta c. 515; (pl.) Dorians Πελοποννήσος, -ου ἡ: Peloponnesos ἐνθεῦτεν: thence, hence πλοῖον, -ου τό: a ship ἐξελασθείς < ἐξελαύνω: drive out; ποιεύμενος = ποιούμενος march out πρεσβύτατος, -η, -ον: eldest, honored ἐπειδή: when, since Πυθία, -ας ἡ: Pythia, the priestess of Ἡράκλειος, -α, -ον: of Herakles; (n.s.) Apollo at Delphi his temple; (n.pl.) his festival Σικελία, -ας ἡ: Sikelia (Sicily), an Ἡρακλῆς, -οῦς (-έος) ὁ: Herakles island off the boot of Italy Θηραῖος, -ου ὁ: Theraian, inhabitants of Σπαρτιήτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Spartiate Thera, an island in the Aegean στέλλω: make ready; provide, equip; ἴῃ < εἶμι start, set forth Ἰταλία, -ας ἡ: Italia (Italy) στόλος, -ου ὁ: an expedition, equipment Καρχηδόνιοι, -ων οἱ: Karkhedonians, συμβουλεύω: plot, plan, advise (Carthaginians), of or from Karthage φάς < φημί (Carthage) χρησμός, -οῦ ὁ: an oracular response, κατηγέοντο = καθηγέοντο < oracle καθηγέομαι: act as guide, lead the way χρηστήριον, -ου τό: an oracle Κίνυψ, -υπος ὁ: Kinyps, a river in Libya χῶρος, -ου ὁ: a place Κλεομένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kleomenes, king of Sparta c. 520-490

26 V.44.1- V.45.1

Ἀθήνη (Ἀθηναίη), -ης ἡ: Athene (Athena) μάντις, -εως (-ιος) ὁ: a diviner, seer, ἀπικέσθαι = ἀφικέσθαι < ἀφικνέομαι prophet ἀποδιδράσκω: run away, flee; shun μαρτύριον, -ου τό: proof; (pl.) evidence ἀποδράντα < ἀποδιδράσκω νηός = ναός, νεώς ὁ διεφθάρη < διαφθείρω ξεῖνος = ξένος Δωριεύς, -έως (-έος) ὁ: Dorieus, king of ξηρός, -ά, -όν: dry Sparta c. 515; (pl.) Dorians παραπρήσσω: do, do in addition εἷλε < αἱρέω περιδεής, -ές: very timid ἑλών < αἱρέω ποιεῦνται = ποιοῦνται ἐόντα = ὄντα < εἰμί προσεπιλαμβάνομαι: take part with + ἐπώνυμος, -ον: given as a name; giving gen. one's name to something προχωρέω: put to, add to; place beside; Ἐρυκίνος, -η, -ον: Erukine, of Eryx hand over, deliver; impose on; add; side ἐστάλη < στέλλω with, agree + dat. Ἠλεῖος, -α, -ον: Elean, of or from Elea στέλλω: make ready; provide, equip; Ἰαμιδαί, -ῶν οἱ: Iamids, a tribe from start, set forth Elea, a Greek city in Thesprotia Σύβαρις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: Sybaris, a Greek ἱδρύω: make sit down; fix; settle town in southern Italy noted for its ἱρός = ἱερός luxury Καλλίης, -ου (-εω): Kallies (Kallias) Συβαρίτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a Sybarite, of from Elea and a seer c. 510 or from Sybaris, a Greek town in Italy κατέχω: hold, keep back, occupy; (int.) συναιρέω: take with; seize together; check oneself comprehend Κράθιος, -α, -ον: Krathian, of or from συνελεῖν < συναιρέω Krathis, a river in southern Italy συνελόντα < συναιρέω Κρᾶθις, -εως (-ιος) ὁ: Krathis, a river in συστρατεύω: join a campaign the Sybarite interior in southern Italy τέμενος, -ου τό: a holy parcel of land Κρότων, -ωνος ἡ: Kroton, a Greek city Τῆλυς, -υος ὁ: Telys, tyrant of Sybaris in Italy, founded in 733 by Akhaians τιμωρέω: help; avenge; seek vengeance Κροτωνιήτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: of Kroton, a + dat. Greek colony in southern Italy τυχεῖν < τυγχάνω μαντεύομαι: divine, prophesy φασί < φημί χρηστός, -ή, -όν: useful; good; favorable

27 V.45.2-V.46

ἀγοραῖος, -α, -ον: in, of the agora μούναρχος = μόναρχος, -ου ὁ: a ἀπίκοντο = ἀφίκοντο < ἀφικνέομαι monarch, sole ruler ἀπόγονος, -ον: born, descended from νέμω: deal out, distribute; inhabit; ἀποικία, -ας ἡ: a colony, settlement pasture; graze; manage, control; spread ἀποφαίνω: show, display, prove ὁπότερος, -α, -ον: which βωμός, -οῦ ὁ: a raised platform, stand, Παραιβάτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Paraibates, a base for a statue; altar Spartan c. 520 Διός < Ζεύς, Διός ὁ Πειθαγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Peithagores δοθέντα < δίδωμι (Peithagoras) tyrant of Selinous of δοθῆναι < δίδωμι Sikelia Δωριεύς, -έως (-έος) ὁ: Dorieus, king of περιγίγνομαι: be over or superior; Sparta c. 515; (pl.) Dorians survive + gen. Ἐγεσταίος, -ου ὁ: man of Egesta, one of πολλαπλήσιος, -α, -ον: many times as three major cities of the Elymi of Sikelia many; many times more ἐξαίρετος, -ον: taken out, picked out προσχωρέω: go to; surrender; concur ἐπανίστημι: stand up; make rise; revolt Σελινοῦς, -οῦντος ἡ: Selinous, a Greek ἐπείτε (ἐπεί + τε): when, since colony on the south west coast of Sikelia ἐπιχειρέω: put one's hand to or on Σελινούσιοι, -ων οἱ: Selinousioi, of or Εὐρυλέων, -ονος ὁ: Euryleon from Selinous, a Greek colony on the Ἠλεῖος, -α, -ον: Elean, of or from Elea south west coast of Sikelia ἡσσάομαι (ἑσσόομαι): be less or Σικελία, -ας ἡ: Sikelia (Sicily), an inferior; be defeated; ἡσσᾶται ὑπὸ αὐτῆς island off the boot of Italy he is smaller than her Σπαρτιήτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Spartiate Θεσσαλός, -οῦ ὁ: Thessalos, a Spartan στόλος, -ου ὁ: an expedition, equipment Καλλίης, -ου (-εω): Kallies (Kallias) Συβαριτικός, -ή, -όν: of or from from Elea and a seer c. 510 Sybaris, a Greek town in southern Italy καταφεύγω: flee for refuge συγκίστης, -ου ὁ: a joint co-founder κατεῖλε = καθεῖλε < καθαιρέω: take συλλαμβάνω: take, bring together; down; pull down; accomplish collect, arrest; understand; engage in + Κελέης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kelees, Spartan c. 520 gen. Κροτωνιήτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: of Kroton, a συμπλέω: sail with Greek colony in southern Italy συνελευθερόω: join in freeing Κροτωνιήτις, -ιδος ἡ: Krotonian, of συνεπιλαμβάνομαι: take part in; have a Kroton, a Greek colony in southern Italy share in + gen. μαρτύριον, -ου τό: proof; testimony; τυραννίς, -ίδος ἡ: a tyranny (pl.) evidence Φοίνικες, -ων οἱ: Phoinikians, of or Μινώη, -ης ἡ: Minoë, a city of Sikelia from Phoinikia, an area on the coast of μουναρχέω = μοναρχέω: be monarch the Mediterranean to the east of the island of Kypros

28 V.47.1-V.49.2

ἄλγος, -ους (-εος) τό: pain Κρότων, -ωνος ἡ: Kroton, a Greek city ἀνέχω: hold up, lift up; continue in Italy, founded in 733 by Akhaians ἄπαις, ἄπαιδος, ὁ or ἡ: childless person Κροτωνιήτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: of Kroton, a ἀπικνέεται = ἀφικνέεται < ἀφικνέομαι Greek colony in southern Italy ἄπιξις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: an arrival Κυρήνη, -ης ἡ: Kyrene, a Greek Ἀρισταγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Aristagores settlement in eastern Libya (Aristagoras), governor of Miletos Λακεδαιμόνιος, -α, -ον: Lakedaimonian ἁρμόζω: join, fit together Λακεδαίμων, -ονος ἡ: Lakedaimon, the βασιλεύω: be king, rule, reign + gen. official name of Sparta Βουτακίδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Boutakides λιπών < λείπω γάμος, -ου ὁ: a wedding μοῦνος = μόνος Γοργώ, -όνος ἡ: Gorgo, a Spartan οἰκήιος, -α, -ον = οἰκεῖος, -α, ον δαπάνη, -ης ἡ: a cost, expenditure οἴχομαι: go, be gone, have gone Δωριεύς, -έως (-έος) ὁ: Dorieus, king of Ὀλυμπιονίκης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a victor in Sparta c. 515; (pl.) Dorians the Olympic games Ἐγεσταίος, -ου ὁ: man of Egesta, one of ὄνειδος, -ους (-εος) τό: a report; three major cities of the Elymi of Sikelia reproach, rebuke, censure, blame ἐλεύθερος, -ᾱ, -ον: free οὔνομα = ὄνομα ἐνετέτμητο < ἐντέμνω: cut in, engrave περίοδος, -ου ἡ: a going round; a patrol ἐών = ὤν < εἰμί πίναξ, -ακος ὁ: a board, plank ἑωυτόν = ἑαυτόν προέστατε < προίστημι: set before; ἤιε = ᾔει < εἶμι honor; stand in front of; be in charge of ἠνείκατο < φέρω + gen. ἠνέσχετο < ἀνέχω Σπάρτη, -ης ἡ: Sparte (Sparta) ἡρώιος, -α, -ον: concerning heroes; (n.) σπουδή, -ῆς ἡ: an eagerness, hero temple earnestness θυσία, -ας ἡ: a burnt-offering, sacrifice Συβαρίτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a Sybarite, of θωμάζω = θαυμάζω: wonder, marvel or from Sybaris, a Greek town in Italy ἱδρύω: make sit down; fix; settle συναποθνῄσκω: die together with ἱλάσκομαι: appease συνέπομαι: follow, accompany + dat. Ἴωνες, -ων οἱ: Ionians, of or from Ionia τάφος, -ου ὁ: a burial, tomb κάλλος, -ους (-εος) τό: beauty Τῆλυς, -υος ὁ: Telys, tyrant of Sybaris καταμένω: remain, stay behind; τριήρης, -ους (-εος) ἡ: a trireme continue in a state Φίλιππος, -ου ὁ: Philip, son of κατήκω = καθήκω: come or go down; Butakides suffice; τὰ καθήκοντα: present state of χάλκεος, -α, -ον: of copper, bronze, things, circumstances brass Κλεομένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kleomenes, ψεύδω: cheat by lies, beguile; be king of Sparta c. 520-490 deceived or mistaken

29 V.49.3 - V.49.7

αἰχμή, -ῆς ἡ: a point of a spear Κύπρος, -ου ἡ: Kypros, an island in the ἄλκιμος, -η, -ον: stout, brave Mediterranean ἀναξυρίδες, -ίδων αἱ: trousers κυρβασία, -ας ἡ: a Persian bonnet ἀνδράποδον, -ου τό: one taken in war Λυδός, -ή, -όν: Lydian, of or from and sold as a slave Lydia, centrally located in Asia Minor ἀνήκω: come up to; ἀνήκειν ἐς τὰ Ματιηνοί, -ῶν οἱ: Matienoi, inhabitants πρῶτα: to come to the highest point of the mainland to the east of Kypros ἄργυρος, -ου ὁ: silver νέμω: deal out, distribute; inhabit; Ἀρισταγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Aristagores pasture; graze; manage, control; spread (Aristagoras), governor of Miletos ὁμαίμων, -οντος ὁ: of the same blood Ἀρμένιοι, -ων οἱ: Armenians, πεντάκοσιοι, -αι, -α: five-hundred inhabitants of the region south of the περίοδος, -ου ἡ: a going round; a patrol Black sea πίναξ, -ακος ὁ: a board, plank βραχύς, -εῖα, -ύ: short πλοῦτος, -ου ὁ: wealth δίαιτα, -ας ἡ: a way of life ποικίλος, -η, -ον: many colored δουλοσύνη, -ης ἡ: slavery, slavish work πολυαργυρώτατος, -η, -ον: very rich ἑλόντες < αἱρέω in silver ἐντετμημένην < ἐντέμνω: cut in, πολυκαρπότατος, -η, -ον: very rich engrave in fruit ἐόντες = ὄντες < εἰμί πολυπρόβατος, -η, -ον: rich in sheep or ἐπέτειος, -ον: annual cattle ἐπιτελεῦσι = ἐπιτελoῦσι < ἐπιτελέω: πρόσουρος, -ον: adjoining, bordering finish, accomplish ῥύομαι: draw to oneself, save; αὐτὸν ἐρίζω: wrangle, quarrel, strive; strive θανεῖν ρύομαι 'I save him from dying' with + dat. Σοῦσα, -ων τά: Sousa, a Persian city ἐσθής, -ῆτος ἡ: clothing, raiment συνάπας, -ασα, -αν: all, every; εὐπετής, -ες: falling well, easy altogether ἠώς, ἠοῦς ἡ: dawn Σύριοι, -ων οἱ: Syrians, from Syria θαρσέω: take courage, dare τάλαντον, -ου τό: a talent (unit of θησαυρός, -οῦ ὁ: a treasury money) Ἴωνες, -ων οἱ: Ionians, of or from Ionia ὑποζύγιον, -ου τό: a beast for the yoke Καππαδόκαι, -ῶν οἱ: Kappadokians, φόρος, -ου ὁ: tribute from Kappadocia, to the north of Kypros Φρύγες, -ῶν οἱ: Phrygians, of or from κατήκω = καθήκω: come or go down; Phrygia, a region in central Asia Minor suffice χαλκός, -οῦ ὁ: brass, copper, bronze κατοικέω: dwell, inhabit χειρόω: handle, worst, master, subdue κέεται = κεῖται < κεῖμαι Χοάσπης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Khoaspes River, Κίλικες, -ων οἱ: Kilikian, of or from passes by Susa, and flows into the Tigris Kilikia χρυσός, -οῦ ὁ: gold Κίσσιος, -η, -ον: Kissian, of or from χωρέω: make room, make room for + Kissia, a district in Susiana dat.; retire, withdraw; advance, proceed; κακῶς χωρεῖν: to turn out poorly

30 V.49.8- V.50

ἀμείβω: answer; exchange; pass, cross κύριος, -α, -ον: having power, ἀναβάλλω: throw or toss up; delay appointed, fixed ἄνοδος, -ου ἡ: a way up Λακεδαιμόνιος, -α, -ον: Lakedaimonian ἄργυρος, -ου ὁ: silver Μεσσηνίοι, -ων οἱ: Messenians, of or Ἀρισταγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Aristagores from Messenia of the Peloponnesos (Aristagoras), governor of Miletos Μιλήσιος, -α, ον: Milesian, of Miletos, Ἀρκάς, -άδος ὁ: Arkadian a Greek city on the coast of Karia Ἀσία, -ας ἡ: Asia ξεῖνος = ξένος διαβάλλω: throw over, cross over; ὁπόσος, -η, -ον: as many, as many as; slander, deceive how many δύω: cause to sink, sink, plunge in οὖρον, -ου τό: a boundary εἶπε < λέγω προθυμία, -ας ἡ: an eagerness ἐνάγω: lead in, on, into; urge σμικρός = μικρός ἐξάγω: lead out, lead away Σπάρτη, -ης ἡ: Sparte (Sparta) ἐπίλοιπος, -η, -ον: still left, remaining Σπαρτιήτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Spartiate ἐσφάλη < σφάλλω σύγκειμαι: lie together; agree εὐεπής, -ές: melodious ὑπαρπάζω = ὑφαρπάζω: snatch away εὐπετής, -ές: falling well, easy from under ἐών = ὤν < εἰμί ὑποκρίνομαι: reply, make answer, ἤλασαν < ἐλαύνω answer ἦλθον < ἔρχομαι ὑπόκρισις, εως (-ιος) ἡ: a reply, answer ἰσοπαλής, -ές: equal in the struggle χρεών (χρεόν), -οῦ τό: a necessity Ἴωνες, -ων οἱ: Ionians, of or from Ionia χρηστός, -ή, -όν: useful; good; Κλεομένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kleomenes, favorable king of Sparta c. 520-490 χρυσός, -οῦ ὁ: gold

31 V.51.1-V.52.1

ἀνανεύω: throw the head back, refuse Κλεομένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kleomenes, ἄνοδος, -ου ἡ: a way up king of Sparta c. 520-490 ἀποπέμπω: send, send off or away Λυδία, -ας ἡ: Lydia ἀποστάς < ἀφίστημι μοῦνος = μόνος Ἀρισταγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Aristagores ξεῖνος = ξένος (Aristagoras), governor of Miletos οἴκημα, -ατος τό: a dwelling-place ἀσφαλής, -ές: safe, certain, secure οἰκίον, ου τό: a house, palace βασιλήϊος = βασίλειος, -α, -ον: royal ὀκτώ: eight Γοργώ, -όνος ἡ: Gorgo, a Spartan οὔνομα = ὄνομα αὐδάζομαι: cry out, speak παιδίον, -ου τό: a child εἴκοσι (ν): twenty πανταχῇ: everywhere εἴπας = εἰπών < λέγω παραίνεσις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: advice, ἐκγίγνομαι: be born of, emerge, come counsel about; be allowed, be granted παράπας, -πασα, -παν: altogether; ἐνενήκοντα: ninety (adv.) absolutely ἐννέα: nine παρασάγγης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a parasang ἐόν = ὄν < εἰμί (30 stades) ἐπακούω: listen to, obey πεντήκοντα: fifty ἐπίσχω: hold on, out, or back; adjourn; πλέον = πλεῖον occupy προβαίνω: go on, advance ἐπιτελέω: complete, finish, accomplish προσίστημι: set against, stand by ἐσελθών < ἐσέρχομαι: enter σημαίνω: point out, show, give a signal ἔσω: inside, within + gen. Σπάρτη, -ης ἡ: Sparte (Sparta) ἤιε = ᾔει < εἶμι σταθμός, -οῦ ὁ: a stable; post; balance ἡλικία, -ας ἡ: a time of life, age τάλαντον, -ου τό: a talent (unit of ἥμισυς, -εια, -υ: half money) ἡσθείς < ἥδομαι: delight in; take τείνω: stretch, extend pleasure, rejoice ὑπερβάλλω: throw over; exceed, go ἴῃς < εἶμι beyond + dat. of resp.: ὑπερβαλεῖν ἱκετεύω: approach as a suppliant τόλμῃ to exceed in daring; πλήθεϊ ἱκετηρία, -ας ἡ: an olive brach of a ὑπερβαλλόμενος with overwhelming suppliant force; put off, delay κατάλυσις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a dissolving, ὑπισχνέομαι: take on oneself, promise ending, finishing; resting; resting place, ὑποδέχομαι: receive under; harken; inn listen; admit, allow; promise Φρυγία, -ας ἡ: Phrygia, in Asia Minor

32 V.52.2-V.53

Ἅλυς, Ἅλυος ὁ: Halys, a river of Asia καταλέγω: say, tell, recount; lay down; Minor pick out, choose; reckon ἀναβαίνω: go up; mount; make go on Κιλικία, -ας ἡ: Kilikia, an area of Asia board Minor to the south of Kappadokia ἀναισιμόω: use up, use, spend, consume Κίσσιος, -η, -ον: Kissian, of or from ἀπαρτί: completely Kissia, a district in Susiana Ἀρμενία, -ας ἡ: Armenia Μαντιηνή, -ῆς ἡ: Mantiene, a city on βασιλήιον = βασίλειον, -ου τό: palace; the mainland to the east of Kypros royal treasury; royal tent Μεμνόνιος, -α, -ον: of Memnon Γύνδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Gyndes river μεταβαίνω: pass over διαβάντι < διαβαίνω: cross, go through μετρέω: measure διαλαμβάνω: take; separate; intercept νηυσιπέρητος, -ον: crossed by ship διαπορθμεύω: carry over or across οὔνομα = ὄνομα διεκπεράω: pass through or by οὖρον, -ου τό: a boundary διεξελαύνω: drive, ride, march through οὖρος = ὅρος, -ου ὁ: a boundary διεξελᾷς < διεξελαύνω παραμείβω: alter; excel; pass by διεξελάσαι < διεξελαύνω παρασάγγης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: parasang διεξιοῦσι < διέξειμι: go out through (unit of measure = 30 stadia) διξός, -ή, -όν: double πεντάκοσιοι, -αι, -α: five-hundred διῶρυξ, -υχος ἡ: a ditch, canal πεντεκαίδεκα: fifteen ἑκατόν: one-hundred πεντήκοντα: fifty ἐκδέκομαι = ἐκδέχομαι: take, receive πολίζω: settle, build, found ἕνδεκα: eleven πύλη, -ης ἡ: a gate ἐνενήκοντα: ninety ῥέω: flow ἑξήκοντα οἱ, αἱ, τά: sixty Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις ἐόντα = ὄντα < εἰμί (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia ἔπειμι: be on or at Σοῦσα, -ων τά: Sousa, a Persian city ἐσβάλλω = εἰσβάλλω: throw; throw to; σταθμός, -οῦ ὁ: a stable; post; balance attack τετρακόσιοι, -αι, -α: four hundred Εὐφρήτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Euphretes Τίγρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Tigris river (Euphrates), a river in Asia Minor τριήκοντα: thirty ἐών = ὤν < εἰμί τριηκοσίοι, -αι, -α: three-hundred ἥμισυς, -εια, -υ: half Φρυγία, -ας ἡ: Phrygia, in Asia Minor Καππαδοκία, -ας ἡ: Kappadokia, to the φυλακτήριον, -ου τό: a guardhouse, north of Kypros garrison, out-post καταγωγή, -ῆς ἡ: a bringing down; Χοάσπης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Khoaspes River, resting place passes by Susa, and flows into the Tigris ὡυτός = ὁ αὐτός

33 V.54.1-V.56

αἰνίσσομαι: speak darkly Ἱππίης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Hippiës (Hippias), ἀνέκαθεν: from above; from the first son of Peisistratus and tyrant of Athens ἄνοδος, -ου ἡ: a way up c. 520 ἀπειπάμενος = ἀπειπόμενος < Κλεομένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kleomenes, ἀπολέγω: speak out; pick out; declare; king of Sparta c. 520-490 forbid Μεμνόνειος, -α, -ον: of Memnon ἀπελαύνω: drive away, expel from μηκύνω: lengthen, prolong ἀποτίνω: avenge; seek vengeance Μιλήσιος, -α, ον: Milesian, of Miletos, Ἀρισταγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Aristagores a Greek city on the coast of Karia (Aristagoras), governor of Miletos μυρίος, -α, ον: numberless, infinite Ἀριστογείτων, -ονος ὁ: Aristogeiton, ὀνειρόπολος, -ου ὁ: a dream-interpreter Athenian, died 514 ὄψις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a sight, appearance, Ἁρμόδιος, -ου ὁ: Harmodios, Athenian vision and killer, along with Aristogeiton, of Παναθήναια, -ων τά: the Panathenaia, the tyrant Hipparkhos; died 514 festivals in honor of Athena ἄστυ, -ους (-εος) τό: a town Πεισίστρατος, -ου ὁ: Peisistratos ἄτλητος, -ον: unendurable (Pisistratos), tyrant of Athens ἀτρεκής, -ές: strict, precise, exact πομπή, -ῆς ἡ: a sending; procession δίζημαι: seek, search out προσλογίζομαι: reckon; count also εἴπαντι = εἰπόντι < λέγω Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις εἴρητο < λέγω (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia ἐλεύθερος, -ᾱ, -ον: free σημαίνω: point out, show, give a signal ἐναργέστατος, -η, -ον: most visible, Σοῦσα, -ων τά: Sousa, a Persian city palpable, in bodily shape Σπάρτη, -ης ἡ: Sparte (Sparta) ἐνύπνιον, -ου τό: thing seen in sleep τεσσαράκοντα: forty ἐόντες = ὄντες < εἰμί τετρακισχίλιοι, -αι, -α: four thousand ἐπιστάντα < ἐφίστημι: set on τίσις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: revenge, vengeance, εὐειδής, -ές: good-looking, well- punishment; payment formed; well-shaped, comely τλῆθι < τλάω: endure; dare Ἐφέσος, -ου ἡ: Ephesos, a Greek city τρίμηνος, -ον: of three months on the coast of Ionia τυραννεύω: be tyrant, rule ἤιε = ᾔει < εἰμί ὑπερτίθημι: put over; erect; commit, ἰδόντα < ὁράω entrust, disclose; communicate Ἵππαρχος, -ου ὁ: Hipparkhos, c. 520

34 V.57-V.58

αἴγεος, -α, -ον: of a goat's skin Καδμεῖος, -α, -ον: Kadmean, of ἀναπυνθάνομαι: search out; inquire Kadmos, from Phoinikia and mythical ἀξιαπήγητος, -ον: worth telling founder of Thebes ἀπικομένων = ἀφικομένων < Κάδμος, -ου ὁ: Kadmos, from Phoinikia ἀφικνέομαι and mythical founder of Thebes ἀπολαγχάνω: obtain a portion of μεταβάλλω: turn, alter, change Βοιωτία, -ας ἡ: Boiotia μεταρρυθμίζω: change the form Βοιωτοί, -ῶν οἱ: Boiotians, of or from μοῖρα, -ας ἡ: a lot; portion; fate Boiotia, a region of Greece οἴεος, -α, -ον: of a sheep's skin βύβλος, -ου ἡ: a papyrus; book παραλαμβάνω: take; receive; receive 'x' Γεφυραῖοι, -ων οἱ: Gephyraians, an in acc. from 'y' in gen. Athenian clan περιοικέω: dwell around διδασκάλιον, -ου τό: science, art, lesson προβαίνω: go on, advance διδαχή, -ῆς ἡ: a teaching ῥητός, -ή, -όν: said, spoken; settled διφθέρα, -ας ἡ: a prepared hide, piece ῥυθμός, -οῦ ὁ: rhythm; form, shape of leather σπάνις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a scarcity, dearth, ἐδέξαντο < δέχομαι lack ἐνθεῦτεν: thence, hence Ταναγρικός, -ή, -όν: from Tanagra, a ἐξαναστάντων < ἐξανίστημι: cause to town of Boiotia stand, raise up; drive out; destroy; be τράπω: turn driven out φατίζω: tell of, report; promise, betroth; ἐόντα = ὄντα < εἰμί name, call ἐπιτάττω: put in command; order Φοινικήιος, -η, -ον: Phoinikian, of or ἔργω: confine, shut in from Phoinikia, an area on the coast of Ἐρετρία, -ας ἡ: Eretria, a Greek city on the Mediterranean to the east of the the island of Euboia island of Kypros ἐσάγω: bring to, lead to; lead forth or Φοῖνιξ, Φοίνικος ὁ: Phoinikian, of into Phoinikia, on the Mediterranean coast Ἵππαρχος, -ου ὁ: Hipparkhos, c. 520 φονεύς, -έως (-έος) ὁ: a murderer Ἴωνες, -ων οἱ: Ionians, of or from Ionia φωνή, -ῆς ἡ: a sound

35 V.59-V.61

ἄγαλμα, -ατος τό: a glory, delight, honor; ἱρός = ἱερός, -ά, -όν statue of a deity Ἰσμήνιος, -α, -ον: Ismenian, of or Ἀμφιτρύων, -ονος ὁ: Amphitryon, son belonging to Apollo Ismenios of Alkaios and a Theban general Ἰωνικός, -ή, -όν: Ionic, Ionian, of or offer from Ionia, Greek region located ἀναχωρέω: go back centrally on the coast of Asia Minor ἀνέθηκ᾽ = ἀνέθηκε < ἀνατίθημι: set Καδμήϊος = Καδμεῖος, -α, -ον: up, establish, dedicate, Kadmean, of Kadmos, from Phoinikia Ἀπόλλων, -ωνος ὁ: Apollo, god of and mythical founder of Thebes prophecy and music Κάδμος, -ου ὁ: Kadmos, from Phoinikia Βοιωτοί, -ῶν οἱ: Boiotians, of or from and mythical founder of Thebes Boiotia, a region of Greece Λαβδάκος, -ου ὁ: Labdakos, king of Γεφυραῖοι, -ων οἱ: Gephyraians, an Thebes and father of Laios Athenian clan Λάϊος, -ου ὁ: Laïos, king of Thebes Δημήτηρ, -τερος (-τρος) ἡ: Demeter, Λαοδάμας, -αντος ὁ: Laodamas goddess of the harvest μέτα = μέτεστι: be among, have a share ἐγκεκολαμμένα < ἐγκολάπτω: cut of, belong to Ἐγχέλεες, -ων οἱ: Enkhelians, a tribe of μουναρχέω: rule alone; be monarch Illyria Οἰδίπους, -εω ὁ: Oedipus, son of Laios εἶδον < ὁράω and king of Thebes εἴη < εἰμί ὄργια, -ιων τά: secret rites ἑκηβόλος, -ον: attaining his aim οὔνομα = ὄνομα ἑξαμέτρος, -ον: of six meters, περικαλλής, -ές: very beautiful hexameter Πολυδώρος, -ου ὁ: Polydorus, king of ἐξανιστέαται = ἐξανίστανται < Thebes and father of Labdakos ἐξανίστημι πυγμαχέω: practise boxing, be a boxer ἐόντα = ὄντα < εἰμί Σκαῖος, -ου ὁ: Skaios, boxer and son of ἐπίγραμμα, -ατος τό: an inscription; Hippokoon epitaph; epigram; mark branded on Τηλεβοάαι, -ῶν οἱ: Teleboaai, a tribe slave's forehead from Akarnania in west central Greece Ἐτεοκλής, -οῦς (-έος) ὁ: Eteokles τόνος, -ου ὁ: a rope, chord; tone εὔσκοπος, -ον: keen-sighted, watchful τρέπω: turn ἡλικία, -ας ἡ: a time of life, age τρίπους, -ποδος ὁ or ἡ: a tripod, three- Θῆβαι, -ῶν αἱ: Thebes, a Greek city in footed, three-legged Boiotia ὑπολειφθέντες < ὑπολείπω: leave ἱδρύω: make sit down; fix; settle remaining Ἱπποκόων, -ωντος ὁ: Hippokoön, χωρίζω: separate Spartan who deposed his brother

36 V.62.1

Ἀλκμεωνίδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Alkmeonid, κατιέναι < κάτειμι: go or come down; a family of prominence in Athens return Ἀμφικτυόνες, -ων οἱ: Amphiktyones κάτοδος, -ου ἡ: a return ἀναλαμβάνω: take up or back; resume Λειψύδριον, -ου τό: Leipsydrion, a fort ἀνέκαθεν: from above; from the first on Mount Parnes in Paionia ἀπήγηται < ἀπηγέομαι: lead off; tell, μηχανάομαι: devise, construct, build; explain bring about Γεφυραῖοι, -ων οἱ: Gephyraians, an μισθόω: hire; (mid.) be hired + inf. Athenian clan νηός = ναός, νεώς ὁ Δελφός, -ή, -όν: Delphian; (m. pl.) ὅθεν: from where; whence; where Delphians; (f. pl) Delphi, site of the οὔπω: not yet oracle of Apollo ὄψις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a sight, appearance, δόκιμος, -ον (-ος, -α, -ον): worthy, of vision good repute Παιονία, -ας ἡ: Paionia ἐκποιέω: put out; give in adoption; παράδειγμα, -ατος τό: a pattern, model, finish example ἐλευθερόω: free Πάριος, -α, -ον: Parian, of or from ἐμπικραίνομαι: be bitter against Paros, a Greek isle in the central Aegean ἔμπροσθε: before; in front of Πεισιστρατίδαι, -ῶν οἱ: followers of ἐνύπνιος, -ον: appearing in sleep Peisistratos ἐξεργάζομαι: finish, complete, bring to προσπταίω: strike against; fail perfection; destroy προχωρέω: go forward, advance, come ἐξοικοδομέω: build up; finish a building forth; go well, succeed ἐόντα = ὄντα < εἰμί πώρινος, -η, -ον: made of tufa or porous ἤια = ᾖα < εἶμι limestone Ἵππαρχος, -ου ὁ: Hipparkhos c. 520 σύγκειμαι: lie together; agree; (impers.) Ἱππίης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Hippiës (Hippias), it is agreed on son of Peisistratus and tyrant of τειχίζω: build a wall Athens c. 520 τυραννεύω: be tyrant, rule καλλίων, κάλλιον: lovelier, better φονεύς, -έως (-έος) ὁ: a murderer φυγάς, -άδος ὁ or ἡ: an exile, deserter

37 V.63.1

Ἀγχιμόλιος, -ου ὁ: Agkhimolios, κείρω: cut Spartan and son of Aster c. 530 Κινέης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kineës, king of the ἀγχοῦ: near + gen. or dat. Thessalians c. 530 Ἀλωπεκαί, -ῶν αἱ: a place located in the Κονδαῖος, -α, -ον: Kondaian, a city of area of Attika Thessaly ἀναπείθω: persuade Κυνόσαργες, -ους (-εος) τό: ἀπέβησε < ἀποβαίνω: step off, Kynosarges, a public gymnasium just dismount; turn out outside the walls of Athens ἀποπέμπω: send, send off or away Λακεδαιμόνιος, -α, -ον: Lakedaimonian Ἀστήρ, -έρος ὁ: Aster, Spartan c. 550 Λακεδαίμων, -ονος ἡ: Lakedaimon, the ἀστός, -οῦ ὁ: a townsman, townsperson official name of Sparta Ἀττική, -ῆς ἡ: Attike (Attika), the μηχανάομαι: devise, construct, build; region of greater Athens bring about δημόσιος, -α, -ον: of the people, Πεισιστρατίδαι, -ῶν οἱ: followers of belonging to the people Peisistratos δόκιμος, -ον (-ος, -α, -ον): worthy, of περιγίγνομαι: be over or superior; good repute survive + gen. ἐλευθερόω: free πλοῖον, -ου τό: a ship ἔλθοιεν < ἔρχομαι πρεσβύτερος, -α, -ον: older ἐμπεσοῦσα < ἐμπίπτω: fall upon; burst προπυνθάνομαι: learn by inquiring in before, hear beforehand ἐξελῶντα < ἐξελαύνω: drive out, expel; προσσχών < προσέχω: hold to, offer; march out hold against; bring a ship to port, put ἐόντα = ὄντα < εἰμί into port; devote oneself to + dat.; have ἐπῆκαν = ἐφῆκαν < ἐφίημι: send to or in addition against; let go, yield; allow, permit + 'x' πρόφαντος, -ον: appearing at a distance; in dat. + inf. foreshown ἐπικαλέω: summon προφέρω: bring forth; produce; propose, ἐπικουρία, -ας ἡ: aid surpass + gen. ἐποιεῦντο = ἐποιoῦντο Πυθία, -ας ἡ: Pythia, the priestess of Ἡράκλειος, -α, -ον: of Herakles; (n.s.) Apollo at Delphi his temple; (n.pl.) his festival Σπαρτιήτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Spartiate Θεσσαλία, -ας ἡ: Thessaly, south of στόλος, -ου ὁ: an expedition; equipment Makedonia συμμαχία, -ας ἡ: an alliance Θεσσαλοί, -ῶν ὁ: Thessalians, of or σφέτερος, -α, -ον: their, of them from Thessaly ταφή, -ῆς ἡ: a burial, tomb ἴδιος, -α, -ον: one's own; one's self Φάληρον, -ου τό: Phaleron, a port of ἱππάσιμος, -η, -ον: fit for horses, fit for Attika riding χίλιοι, -αι, -α: thousand κατείργω (κατέργω): drive into, shut in χῶρος, -ου ὁ: a place κατήμενοι = καθήμενοι < κάθημαι: be seated; sit

38 V.64-V.65.4

Ἀναξανδρίδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Κόδρος, -ου ὁ: Kodros, last of the semi- Anaxandrides, king of Sparta mythical kings of Athens ἀνέκαθεν: from above; from the first Λακεδαιμόνιος, -α, -ον: Lakedaimonian ἀπεργμένους < ἀπείργω: keep away μέζων = μείζων, μεῖζον: greater, bigger, from, debar from; ward off; divide, stronger separate; shut up confine Μέλανθος, -ου ὁ: Melanthos ἀπήγησις = ἀφήγησις μισθός, -οῦ ὁ: wages, pay, hire ἀπικόμενος = ἀφικόμενος < Νέστωρ, -ορος ὁ: Nestor, king of Pylos ἀφικνέομαι Νηλεῖδαι, -ῶν οἱ: Neleidai, of the house ἀπομνημονεύω: remind, recount, of Neleus, born from Neleus remember; τὸ ὄνομα ἀπεμνημόνευσε παρίστημι: place beside; set beside; αὐτῷ θέσθαι τὸν Μεγάβαζον, he gave in dispose; cause to stand aside, depose; memory the same name, Megabazos, to bring over by force, bring to terms; him (intrans.) come to terms, submit ἀποπέμπω: send, send off or away Πεισιστρατίδαι, -ῶν οἱ: followers of ἄστυ, -ους (-εος) τό: a town Peisistratos Ἀττικός, -ή, -όν: Attic, Athenian Πεισίστρατος, -ου ὁ: Peisistratos ἐκχωρέω: go out, depart; give way (Pisistratos), tyrant of Athens ἐλεύθερος, -α, -ον: free Πελασγικός, -ή, -όν: Pelasgian, an ἕξ: six indigenous inhabitant of Greece ἐξαιρέω: take out πέντε: (indecl.) five ἔξω: outside, without περιγίγνομαι: be over or superior; ἐπέδρη = ἐφέδρα, -ας ἡ: a sitting by, survive + gen. siege, blockade ποιεύμενος = ποιoύμενος ἔπηλυς, -υδος ὁ or ἡ: a stranger, πολιορκέω: besiege foreigner ποτόν, -οῦ τό: a drink ἐπιγίγνομαι: be born; come on; fall προσμίγνυμι: meet with; go against upon; ensue Πύλιοι, -ων οἱ: Pylians ἐπινοέω: intend, consider, think on, plan Σίγειον, -ου τό: Sigeion, a Greek town ἐπωνυμία, -ας ἡ: a name given after or σῖτος, -ου ὁ (pl.: -α τά): grain, food because of someone; (acc. as adv.) Σκάμανδρος, -ου ὁ: Skamandros River named after, called after Σπάρτη, -ης ἡ: Sparte (Sparta) ἐσβάλλω = εἰσβάλλω: throw to; attack στέλλω: make ready; provide, equip; ἥλωσαν < ἁλίσκομαι start, set forth ἤπειρος, -ου ἡ: a mainland, continent, στόλος, -ου ὁ: an expedition, equipment land, terra firma συνετετάρακτο < συνταράσσω: throw θέσθαι < τίθημι into confusion Θεσσαλία, -ας ἡ: Thessaly, south of συντυχία, -ας ἡ: an incident; good Makedonia fortune; bad fortune Θεσσαλοί, -ῶν οἱ: Thessalians, of or τεσσαράκοντα: forty from Thessaly τριήκοντα = τριάκοντα: thirty Ἱπποκράτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Hippokrates ὑπερτίθημι: put or set over; erect; Κλεομένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kleomenes, commit, entrust, disclose; hand over, king of Sparta c. 520-490 communicate

39 V.65.5-V.67.1

ἀγωνίζομαι: contend for a prize ἥρως, -ος ὁ or ἡ: a hero Ἄδρηστος, -ου ὁ: Adrastos, a hero ἡσσάομαι (ἑσσόομαι): be less or Αἴας, Αἴαντος ὁ: Aias, Trojan war hero inferior; be defeated; ἡσσᾶται ὑπὸ αὐτῆς Αἰγικόρης, -ους (-εος) ὁ: Aigikores he is smaller than her Ἀλκμεωνίδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Alkmeonid Ἴων, Ἴωνος ὁ: Ion ἀξιοχρέος, -ον: worthy, considerable Ἰωνία, -ας ἡ: Ionia, a Greek region ἀπήγησις = ἀφήγησις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a Καρίος, -α, -ον: Karian narration Κλεισθένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kleisthenes ἀποστῆναι < ἀφίστημι μέζων = μείζων, μεῖζον: greater, bigger Ἀργάδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Argades, one of μητροπάτωρ, -ορος ὁ: a mother's father the sons of Ion, founder of the Ionians Μιλήσιος, -α, ον: Milesian, of Miletos, Ἀργεῖος, -α, -ον: of or from Argos; a Greek city on the coast of Karia Greek μιμέομαι: imitate, represent, portray Ἄργος, -ους (-εος) τό: Argos, a Greek Ὁμήρειος, -ον: Homeric city Ὅπλης, Ὅπλητος ὁ: Hoples Ἀρισταγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Aristagores παρέξ: outside + gen; beyond + acc. ἀστυγείτων, -ον: bordering a city προσεταιρίζομαι: take as a friend Γελέων, Γελέοντος ὁ: Geleon προστίθημι: put to, add to; place beside; Δαρεῖος, -ου ὁ: Dareios (Darius) I hand over, deliver; impose on; add; side δεκάφυλος, -ον: divided into ten tribes with, agree + dat. δυναστεύω: hold power ῥαψῳδός, -οῦ ὁ: a reciter of epic poems ἐκβάλλω: throw out στασιάζω: rebel, revolt, quarrel ἐλευθερόω: free συγγενής, -ές: related ἐξευρίσκω: find out, discover Σικυών, -ῶνος ἡ: Sikyon, a city in the ἐπιθυμέω: set one's heart on north of the Peloponnesos ἐπιχώριος, -α, -ον: indigenous Σικυωνίος, -α, -ον: Sikyonian ἐπωνυμία, -ας ἡ: a name given after; Ταλαός, -οῦ ὁ: Talaos, king of Argos (acc. as adv.) named after, called after τετράφυλος, -ον: divided into four ἔργω: work, do tribes ἑωυτοῦ = ἑαυτοῦ ὑμνέαται = ὕμνηνται < ὑμνέω: sing of ἡρώιος, -α, -ον: of a hero; (n.) temple χρηίζω: desire, need, lack + gen.; desire, ask 'x' in gen. or acc. + infinitive

40 V.67.2- V.68

Ἄδρηστος, -ου ὁ: Adrastos, a hero θυγατριδοῦς (θυγατριδέος), -οῦ ὁ: a ἄπαις, ἄπαιδος ὁ or ἡ: a childless person daughter's son, grandson ἀπέδεξε < ἀποδείκνυμι θυσία, -ας ἡ: a burnt-offering, sacrifice ἀπεκτόνεε < ἀποκτείνω ἱδρύω: make sit down; fix; settle ἀπελθών < ἀπέρχομαι: go away, depart κάρτα: even, especially ἀπελόμενος = ἀφελόμενος < ἀφαιρέω καταγελάω: laugh at, jeer, mock + dat. ἀπηγέομαι = ἀφηγέομαι: lead the way Κλεισθένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kleisthenes from; tell λευστήρ, -ῆρος ὁ: a stone-thrower Ἀργεῖος, -α, -ον: of or from Argos; Greek μεγαλωστί: far and wide, Ἀρχέλαοι, -ων οἱ: Arkhelaoi, a tribe of the Μελάνιππος, -ου ὁ: Melanippos, one of Sikyonians, named by Kleisthenes, tyrant seven defenders of Thebes of Sikyon μεταβάλλω: turn, alter, change Ἀστακός, -οῦ ὁ: Astakos, a Theban μετατίθημι: place among; change, alter Βοιωτία, -ας ἡ: Boiotia, a region of Greece Μηκιστεύς, -έως ὁ: Mekisteus γαμβρός, -οῦ ὁ: a son, father, or brother-in- μηχανή, -ῆς ἡ: a machine, contrivance law Ὀνεᾶται, -ῶν οἱ: Oneatai, Asses γεραίρω: honour, reward ὄνος, -ου ὁ or ἡ: an ass Δελφός, -ή, -όν: Delphian; (m. pl.) ὀπίσω: back, behind Delphians; (f. pl) Delphi ὁρτή = ἑορτή διδοῖ = δίδωσι < δίδωμι Πόλυβος, -ου ὁ: Polybus, king of Διόνυσος, -ου ὁ: Dionysos, god of wine Sikyon Δωρίς, -ίδος ἡ: Dorian, one of the four πρυτανηίον = πρυτανεῖον, -ου τό: the major tribes of the Greeks magistrates' hall, town hall ἔθετο < τίθημι Πυθία, -ας ἡ: Pythia, the priestess of ἐκβάλλω: throw out Apollo at Delphi ἐλθών < ἔρχομαι Σικυωνίος, -α, -ον: Sikyonian ἐξευρίσκω: find out, discover τελευταῖος, -α, -ον: last ἑορτή, -ῆς ἡ: a festival τέμενος, -ου τό: a holy parcel of land ἐπάγω: bring on τραγικός, -ή, -όν: tragic ἐπέθηκε < ἐπιτίθημι: set on (can take Τυδεύς, -έως (-έος) ὁ: Tydeus gen.); put to; add; set against, attack; Ὑᾶται, -ῶν οἱ: Hyatai, Swinites command; apply; aim at + dative ὗς, ὑός ἡ: a sow, pig ἐπωνυμία, -ας ἡ: a name given after; φᾶσα < φημί (acc. as adv.) named after, called after φροντίζω: consider, reflect ἔχθιστος, -η, -ον: most hateful φυλή, -ῆς ἡ: a race, tribe ἐώθεσαν < ἔθω: be accustomed Χοιρεᾶται, -ῶν οἱ: Khoireatai, Porkies Θῆβαι, -ῶν αἱ: Thebes, a Greek city in χορός, -οῦ ὁ: a dance; chorus Boiotia χρηστηριάζω: give oracles, prophesy

41 V.68.2- V.70.1

Ἄδρηστος, -ου ὁ: Adrastos, a hero Κλεισθένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kleisthenes Αἰγιαλεύς, -έως (-έος) ὁ: Aigialeus, son Κλεομένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kleomenes, of Adrastos; (pl.) a tribe of Sikyonians king of Sparta c. 520-490 ἀντιστασιώτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: one of the Λακεδαιμόνιος, -α, -ον: Lakedaimonian opposite faction μεταβάλλω: turn, alter, change ἀντιτεχνάομαι: contrive in opposition, μετέπειτα: afterwards, thereafter counter-plan μετωνομάζω: call by a new name ἀπωσμένον < ἀπωθέω: thrust away, μιμέομαι: imitate, represent, portray push back μοῖρα, -ας ἡ: a lot; portion; fate δέκαχα: in ten parts ξεῖνος = ξένος Δυμνάται, -ῶν οἱ: Dymnatai, a tribe of ὁμώνυμος, -ον: having the same name Sikyonians οὔνομα = ὄνομα ἐλάσσων, ἐλάσσον: less, fewer Παμφύλοι, -ων οἱ: Pamphyloi, a tribe of ἑξήκοντα: sixty the Sikyonians ἐπικαλέω: summon; bring a charge Πεισιστρατίδαι, -ῶν οἱ: followers of against Peisistratos ἐπωνυμία, -ας ἡ: a name given after; πλεῦνας = πλείονας < πλείων, πλεῖον (acc. as adv.) named after, called πολιορκία, -ας ἡ: a seige ἑωυτῷ = ἑαυτῷ προστίθημι: put to, add to; place beside; ἔωσι = ὦσι < εἰμί hand over, deliver; impose on; add; side ἡσσάομαι (ἑσσόομαι): be less or with, agree + dat. inferior; be defeated; ἡσσᾶται ὑπὸ αὐτῆς Σικυωνίος, -α, -ον: Sikyonian he is smaller than her τεθνεῶτος < θνῄσκω θυγατριδέος = θυγατριδοῦς, -οῦ: τέταρτος, -η, -ον: fourth daughter's son, grandson Ὑλλέαι, -ῶν οἱ: Hylleai, a name of one Ἰσαγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Isagores of the tribes of the Sikyonians (Isagores), Athenian and opponent of ὑπεριδών < ὑπεροράω: look over; Kleisthenes overlook, disregard; disdain + gen. or Ἴωνες, -ων οἱ: Ionians, of or from Ionia acc. κατανέμω: distribute, allot φοιτάω: go to and fro; roam; come; go κατύπερθε: from above, above, before + φύλαρχος, -ου ὁ: a chief gen. φυλή, -ῆς ἡ: a race, tribe

42 V.70.2- V.72.1

ἄγαλμα, -ατος τό: a glory, delight, κῆρυξ, -υκος ὁ: a herald honor; statue of a deity Κλεισθένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kleisthenes ἀγηλατέω: drive out one accursed Κλεομένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kleomenes, ἀκρόπολις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: an akropolis king of Sparta c. 520-490 Ἀλκμεωνίδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Alkmeonid, κομάω (Ion. κομέω): let the hair grow a family of prominence in Athens long; plume oneself, give oneself airs, ἀνίστημι: make to stand up, raise up; be aim at ravaged, be wasted Κύλων, -ονος ὁ: Kylon, an Athenian ἀπικόμενος = ἀφικόμενος < and Olympic victor ἀφικνέομαι μετέχω: partake of, have a share of + διδαχή, -ῆς ἡ: a teaching gen. ἐγχειρίζω: put into one's hands, entrust ναύκραρος, -ου ὁ: the chief official of a ἐκβάλλω: throw out division ἐναγής, -ές: under a curse νέμω: deal out, distribute; inhabit; ἐπειρήθη < πειράω pasture; graze; manage, control; spread ἐπικρατέω: command, rule over + gen.; Ὀλυμπιονίκης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a victor in get possession of + dat. the Olympic games ἐπιλέγω: say, pick out, choose; think παρῆν < πάρειμι over, consider; (mid) read Πεισίστρατος, -ου ὁ: Peisistratos ἐπίστιος = ἐφέστιος (ἐπίστιος), -ον: at (Pisistratos), tyrant of Athens one's own fireside, at home προσποιέω: make over to, add ἑπτακόσιοι, -αι, -α: seven-hundred πρύτανις, -εως (-ιος) ὁ: ruler, lord ἑταιρηΐη = ἑταιρεία, -ας ἡ: an στασιώτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a member of a association, brotherhood party ἡλικία, -ας ἡ: a time of life, age συστασιώτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a member of ἡλικιώτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a man of equal the same faction, partisan in age, comrade τριηκοσίοι, -αι, -α: three-hundred ἵζω: make sit, seat, place, set ὑπέγγυος, -ον: under surety, subject to ἱκέτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: one who comes to penalty seek aid ὑπεξέχω: withdraw Ἰσαγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Isagores ὑποτίθημι: place under; put under, (Isagores), Athenian and opponent of propose, suggest Kleisthenes φονεύω: murder καταλύω: dissolve, destroy; unloose φόνος, -ου ὁ: murder, slaughter

43 V.72.2-V.73.1

ἄγγελος, -ου ὁ: a messenger Ἰσαγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Isagores ἄδυτον, -ου τό: innermost sanctuary (Isagores), Athenian and opponent of ἀκρόπολις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: an akropolis Kleisthenes ἀμείβω: answer; exchange; pass, cross καταδέω: bind on ἀνέβη < ἀναβαίνω: go up; mount; make καταλέγω: say, tell, recount; lay down; go on board pick out, choose; reckon ἀντισταθείσης = ἀνθισταθείσης < κατέχω: hold, keep back, occupy; (int.) ἀνθίστημι: set against check oneself Δελφός, -ή, -όν: Delphian; (m. pl.) κλεηδών = κληδών, -όνος ἡ: an omen, Delphians; (f. pl) Delphi, site of the presage oracle of Apollo Κλεισθένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kleisthenes Δωριεύς, -έως (-έος) ὁ: Dorieus, king of Κλεομένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kleomenes, Sparta c. 515; (pl.) Dorians king of Sparta c. 520-490 εἶπε < λέγω Λακεδαιμόνιος, -α, -ον: Lakedaimonian ἐκπίπτω: fall out, lose, be banished λῆμα, -ατος τό: a will, desire, purpose ἐκπολεμέω: excite to war; make hostile μεταπέμπω: send, send after, summon ἐξανίστημι: cause to stand, raise up; ξεῖνος = ξένος drive out; destroy; be driven out παριέναι < πάρειμι ἐξέρχομαι: go, go away, go out προσερέων (fut.) < προσαγορεύω: call, ἐπίστιος = ἐφέστιος (ἐπίστιος), -ον: at address, greet one's own fireside, at home Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις ἐπιτελέω: complete, finish, accomplish (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia ἐπιχειρέω: put one's hand to or on στασιώτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a member of a ἑπτακόσιοι, -αι, -α: seven-hundred party ἔσιθι < ἔσειμι: enter, go into συμμαχία, -ας ἡ: an alliance ἤιε = ᾔει < εἶμι Τιμησίθεος, -ου ὁ: Timesitheos, a ἠπιστέατο = ἠπίσταντο < ἔπισταμαι Delphian, known for his prowess in the θεμιτός, -ή, -όν: lawful, righteous arena and on the battlefield c. 500 θρόνος, -ου ὁ: a throne, seat ὑπόσπονδος, -ον: under a truce θύρα, -ας ἡ: a door φήμη, -ης ἡ: a report, rumor, prophecy ἱερεία, -ας ἡ: a priestess χωρέω: make room; retire, withdraw; ἱρός = ἱερός, -ά, -όν advance, proceed

44 V.73.2- V.74.2

ἄγγελος, -ου ὁ: a messenger Κλεομένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kleomenes, ἀκρόπολις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: an acropolis king of Sparta c. 520-490 ἀμφιβολία, -ας ἡ: a state of being μνήμη, -ης ἡ: a remembrance, memory; attacked on both sides μνήμην ποιήσεσθαι αὐτῶν: to deal with ἀντίος, -α, -ον: opposite, set against + them later gen. or dat. Οἰνόη, -ης ἡ: Oinoë, a deme on the ἀπελθόντες < ἀπέρχομαι: go away, border of Attika depart Πελοποννήσιος, -α, -ον: Peloponnesian, ἀπικομένων = ἀφικομένων < of or from the southern part of Greece ἀφικνέομαι περιυβρίζω: insult wantonly ἀποκορυφόω: bring to a point Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις Ἀττική, -ῆς ἡ: Attike (Attika), the (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia region of greater Athens σίνομαι: hurt, harm, damage; plunder Βοιωτοί, -ῶν οἱ: Boiotians, of or from συλλέγω: gather, collect; call together Boiotia, a region of Greece συμμαχία, -ας ἡ: an alliance ἔθεντο < τίθημι συνεξέρχομαι: come out together Ἐλευσίς, -ῖνος ἡ: Eleusis, a Greek town σύνθημα, -ατος τό: a thing put together; in west Attika, sacred to Demeter an agreement; signal ἐντέλλω: order, enjoin, command συντίθημι: put or place together; ἐόντες = ὄντες < εἰμί contrive, devise; comprehend; (mid.) ἐοῦσι = οὖσι < εἰμί make an agreement with + dat. ἐπερωτάω: ask, consult τίνω: pay a price ἐπιόντες < ἔπειμι: come on; approach; ὕπαρχος, -ου ὁ: a lieutenant, go against, attack commander under another ἐσβάλλω = εἰσβάλλω: throw; throw to; Ὑσιαί, -ῶν αἱ: Hysiai, a region on the attack border of Attika ἔσχατος, -η, -ον: farthest, uttermost, Χαλκιδέες, -έων οἱ: Khalkideans, of or extreme from Khalkis, a town on Euboia ἑωυτῶν = ἑαυτῶν Ἰσαγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Isagores (Isagores), Athenian and opponent of Kleisthenes

45 V.75.1-V.76.1

ἀπικόμενοι = ἀφικόμενοι < Κορίνθιος, -α, -ον: Korinthian, of or ἀφικνέομαι from Korinth, a Greek city Ἀρίστων, -ωνος: Ariston, Spartan and Λακεδαιμόνιος, -α, -ον: Lakedaimonian father of Demaretos c. 550 Λακεδαίμων, -ονος ἡ: Lakedaimon, the Ἀττική, -ῆς ἡ: Attike (Attika), the official name of Sparta region of greater Athens Μέγαρα, -ων τά: Megara, a Greek city Δημάρητος, -ου ὁ: Demaretos, son of μεταβάλλω: turn, alter, change Ariston and king of Sparta c. 520 οἴχομαι: go, be gone, have gone διάφορος, -ον: different, unlike; at odds παραλύω: loose and take off, detach; δίς: twice, doubly release from διχοστασία, -ας ἡ: a dissension Πεισιστρατίδαι, -ῶν οἱ: followers of Δωριεύς, -έως (-έος) ὁ: Dorieus, king of Peisistratos Sparta c. 515; (pl.) Dorians Πελοποννήσιος, -α, -ον: Peloponnesian, ἐκλείπω: leave out; omit; abandon of or from the southern part of Greece Ἐλευσίς, -ῖνος ἡ: Eleusis, a Greek town πρόσθε: before, prior in west Attika, sacred to Demeter Σπάρτη, -ης ἡ: Sparte (Sparta) ἔξειμι (only impersonal): it is possible Σπαρτιήτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Spartiate ἐξέλασις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a driving out στόλος, -ου ὁ: an expedition, equipment ἐξιούσης < ἔξειμι: go from; depart συνάπτω: join together ἐπίκλητος, -ον: called on, summoned συνεξάγω: lead out together ἐσβάλλω = εἰσβάλλω: throw; throw to; τάξις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: an arranging, attack arrangement ἐτέθη < τίθημι τέταρτος, -η, -ον: fourth ἐών = ὤν < εἰμί τέως: so long, in the meantime καταλείπω: leave behind Τυνδαρίδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Tyndarides, κατοικίζω: settle, establish son of Tyndareos, Spartan king and Κλεομένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kleomenes, father of Kastor, Helen, Klytemnestra, king of Sparta c. 520-490 and Polydeukes; (pl.) Kastor and Κόδρος, -ου ὁ: Kodros, last of the semi- Polydeukes, the Dioskouri mythical kings of Athens

46 V.77

ἀκλεῶς: without fame κάρτα: even, especially ἀκρόπολις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: an akropolis κληροῦχος, -ου ὁ: one who holds an ἀνακρεμάννυμι: hang up on allotment of land ἀνατίθημι: set up, establish, offer κρεμάννυμι: hang up ἀντίος, -α, -ον: opposite, set against + λύτρον, -ου τό: price of release gen. or dat. μέγαρον, -ου τό: a megaron, great hall ἀποτιμάω: fail to honor, slight Μῆδος, -ου ὁ: a Mede, Persian ἀριστερός, -ά, -όν: left Παλλάς, -άδος ἡ: Athene (Pallas ἀχλυόεις, -εσσα, -εν: murky, gloomy Athene) Βοιωτοί, -ῶν οἱ: Boiotians, of or from παχύς, -εῖα, -ύ: thick, stout, wealthy Boiotia, a region of Greece πέδη, -ης ἡ: a fetter δαμάω: subdue, tame περιεοῦσαι = περιοῦσαι < περίειμι: be δέκατος, -η, -ον: tenth; (f.) tenth part around, exist, survive δεσμός, -οῦ ὁ: a fetter περιπεφλευσμένων < περιφλεύω: διαβαίνω: cross, go through scorche, singe διαλύω: loose, break up, discharge ποιεῦνται = ποιoῦνται δίμνεως: worth or costing two minas προπύλαιος, -α, ον: before the gate ἐδεδέατο = ἐδέδεντο < δέω σβέννυμι: quench, put out ἔθεσαν < τίθημι σιδήρεος, -α, -ον: of iron ἐπιγράφω: write, write on; inscribe στόλος, -ου ὁ: an expedition, equipment ἐπιχειρέω: put one's hand to or on στρατηίη = στρατεία, -ας ἡ: an ἑπτακόσιοι, -αι, -α: seven-hundred expedition, campaign ἔργμα, -ατος τό: work, deed, business συμβάλλω: dash together; attack + dat. ἔσβεσαν < σβέννυμι τέθριππος, -ον: with four horses abreast ἔσειμι: go in, enter τετρακισχίλιοι, -αι, -α: four-thousand ἑσπέρα, -ας ἡ: west τετραμμένου < τρέπω Εὐβοία, -ας ἡ: Euboia, a Greek island τίνυμαι: punish, chastise Εὔριπος, -ου ὁ: Euripos, the strait ὕβρις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: hubris between Euboia and the mainland φονεύω: murder ζωγρέω: take, take captive φυλακή, -ῆς ἡ: a guard, watch, garrison ἰδοῦσι < ὁράω χάλκεος, -α, -ον: of copper, bronze ἱπποβότης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a feeder of Χαλκιδέες, -έων οἱ: Khalkideans, of or horses from Khalkis, a town on Euboia

47 V.78.1-V.80.1

ἄγχιστος, -ον: nearest + gen. Κορωναῖοι, -ων οἱ: inhabitants of ἀδελφεή = ἀδελφή, -ῆς ἡ: a sister Koroneia Αἴγινα, -ας ἡ: Aigina, a nymph μαντήιος = μαντεῖος, -α, -ον: oracular Αἰγινήτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: an Aiginetan οὐδαμός, -ή, -όν: not any one, no one; ἁλία, -ας ἡ: an assembly of people οὐδαμῇ, nowhere ἀπελθόντων < ἀπέρχομαι: depart πανταχῇ: everywhere Ἀσωπός, -οῦ ὁ: Asopos River περιοικέω: dwell around αὐξάνω: increase πολύφημος, -ον: abounding in songs δεσπότης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a master προθυμέομαι: be willing, eager ἐθελοκακέω: pretend to be bad προθύμως: eagerly, earnestly ἐλευθερόω: free Πυθία, -ας ἡ: Pythia, the priestess of ἐξενείκαντας < ἐκφέρω: bring, bear Apollo at Delphi ἐπιλέγω: say, pick out, choose; think σπουδαῖος, -α, -ον: in haste, quick over, consider; (mid) read συνδιαφέρω: bear along with one, wage θεοπρόπος, -ου ὁ: prophet; one who along with consults a prophet συνιέναι < συνίημι: send together; Θεσπιέες, -ων οἱ: inhabitants of Thespia perceive; understand in Boiotia Ταναγραῖοι, -ων οἱ: Tanagraioi, Θήβη, -ης ἡ: Thebe, a nymph inhabitants of Tanagra, a town of Boiotia ἰσηγορία, -ας ἡ: an equal right of τιμωρητήρ, -ῆρος ὁ: an avenger speech τίνω: pay a price κατεργάζομαι: effect, accomplish, τίσις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: revenge, vengeance, achieve; destroy, conquer, overpower punishment; payment κατέχω: hold, keep back, occupy; (int.) τυραννεύω: be tyrant, rule check oneself χρήσω < χράω: proclaim; furnish, lend χρηστήριον, -ου τό: an oracle

48 V.80.2-V.82.2

ἄγαλμα, -ατος τό: a glory, delight, ἐπικουρία, -ας ἡ: aid honor; statue of a deity ἐπιπλέω: sail, sail for or against ἄγχιστος, -ον: nearest + gen. ἐπιφέρω: bring on; inflict Αἰακίδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: of or from εὐδαιμονία, -ας ἡ: good fortune Aiakos ἔφασαν < φημί Αἰγινήτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: an Aiginetan ἔχθρα, -ας ἡ: a hatred, enmity ἀκήρυκτος, -ον: without a herald, ἥμερος, -ον (-ος, -α, -ον): tame, unannounced cultivated ἄλλοθι: elsewhere, in another way ἱδρύω: make sit down; fix; settle ἀναμιμνήσκω: remind; recall + gen. ἱρώτατος, -η, -ον: most holy Ἀττική, -ῆς ἡ: Attike (Attika), the ξύλον, -ου τό: wood, log, beam, post; region of greater Athens bench, table Αὐξησία, -ας ἡ: Auxesia, fertility οὐδαμός, -ή, -όν: not any one, no one; goddess at Aigina οὐδαμῇ, nowhere αὖτις = αὖθις: again, in turn, hereafter, οὐδέτερος, -α, -ον: neither of two, none in the future παραλία, -ας ἡ: a seacoast Βοιωτοί, -ῶν οἱ: Boiotians, of or from περιεφθέντων < περιέπω: treat, handle; Boiotia, a region of Greece tend take care of Δαμία, -ας ἡ: Damia, fertility goddess at ποιεῦντες = ποιoῦντες Aigina προοφείλω: owe beforehand Δελφός, -ή, -όν: Delphian; (m. pl.) Πυθία, -ας ἡ: Pythia, the priestess of Delphians; (f. pl) Delphi, site of the Apollo at Delphi oracle of Apollo σίνομαι: hurt, harm, damage; plunder ἐλαία, -ας ἡ: an olive tree συμμαχία, -ας ἡ: an alliance ἐόντων = ὄντων συμπέμπω: send together ἐπαερθέντες < ἐπαείρω = ἐπαίρω σύρω: draw, drag along; sweep away ἐπερωτάω: ask, consult ταμέσθαι < τέμνω Ἐπιδαύριοι, -ων οἱ: Epidaurians, of or τρηχέως: roughly, harshly from Epidauros, a Greek town Φάληρον, -ου τό: Phaleron, a port of Ἐπίδαυρος, -ου ἡ: Epidauros, a Greek Attika city in the Peloponnesos χαλκός, -οῦ ὁ: brass, copper, bronze ἐπικαλέω: summon χρηστήριον, -ου τό: an oracle ἐπίκειμαι: be laid on; put to; press on; hang on

49 V.82.3-V.83.3

ἄγαλμα, -ατος τό: a glory, delight, ἐπιτελέω: complete, finish, accomplish honor; statue of a deity ἐπιχώριος, -α, -ον: of a place ἀγνωμοσύνη, -ης ἡ: want of sense; Ἐρεχθεύς, -έως (-έος) ὁ: Erekhtheus, an folly; unkindness; arrogance; (pl.) archaic king of Athens misunderstandings ἔφασαν < φημί ἀγορεύω: speak in the assembly, θαλασσοκράτωρ, -ορος ὁ: master of the harangue sea Αἰγινήτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: an Aiginetan θυσία, -ας ἡ: a burnt-offering, sacrifice ἀπάγω: lead away, carry off ἱδρύω: make sit down; fix; settle ἀπέστησαν < ἀφίστημι ἱλάσκομαι: appease ἀπέχω: keep off or away from; hold ἱροεργία = ἱρουργία, -ας ἡ: religious oneself from, abstain or desist from + service, sacrifice gen.; + inf.abstain from ἀπέχει ἱρός = ἱερός, -ά, -όν στρατεύεσθαι he abstains from καρπός, -οῦ ὁ: fruit marching; be away from 'x' in gen. a καταινέω: agree to, consent to distance of 'y' in acc. κερτόμιος, -α, -ον: mocking, taunting, ἄρρητος, -η, -ον: unspoken, secret cutting , stinging, reproachful, abusive, Αὐξησία, -ας ἡ: Auxesia, fertility satirical goddess at Aigina μεσόγαιος, -α, -ον: inland, in the heart γυναικήιος = γυναικεῖος, -α, -ον: of of a country women Οἴα, -ας ἡ: Oia, a Greek city of Aigina δαίμων, -ονος ὁ or ἡ: god, goddess οὔνομα = ὄνομα Δαμία, -ας ἡ: Damia, fertility goddess at πήγνυμι: stick, fix in Aigina Πολιάς, -άδος ἡ: Athene Polias δηλέομαι: hurt, do a mischief to συντίθημι: put or place together; διαβαίνω: cross, go through contrive, devise; comprehend; (mid.) διάφορος, -ον: different; at odds with make an agreement with + dat. δώσειν < δίδωμι ὑπαιρέονται = ὑφαιρέονται < ἐλαία, -ας ἡ: an olive tree ὑφαιρέω: draw, take away from under ἐόντες = ὄντες χορηγός, -οῦ ὁ: a chorusleader Ἐπιδαύριοι, -ων οἱ: Epidaurians, of or χορός, -οῦ ὁ: a dance; chorus from Epidauros, a Greek town χῶρος, -ου ὁ: a place Ἐπίδαυρος, -ου ἡ: Epidauros, a Greek city in the Peloponnesos

50 V.84.1- V.85.2

ἄγαλμα, -ατος τό: a glory, delight, ἐόντα = ὄντα < εἰμί honor; statue of a deity ἐπιγίγνομαι: be born; come on; fall Αἴγινα, -ας ἡ: Aigina, an island off the upon; ensue coast of Athens Ἐπιδαύριοι, -ων οἱ: Epidaurians, of or Αἰγινήτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: an Aiginetan from Epidauros, a Greek town ἀλλοφρονέω: be of another mind; think ἐπιτελέω: complete, finish, accomplish otherwise; be senseless ἔφασαν < φημί ἀνακομίζω: carry up; (pass.) return, κλέπτω: steal come back μηνίω: cherish wrath, be angry with + ἀπαιτέω: demand back, demand to have dat. returned ξύλον, -ου τό: wood, log, beam, post; ἀπαίτησις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a demanding bench, table back παθόντας < πάσχω ἀπικόμενοι = ἀφικόμενοι < περιβάλλω: throw around ἀφικνέομαι σεισμός, -οῦ ὁ: a shaking, shock ἀποπέμπω: send, send off or away στερέω: deprive, rob ἀποσταλῆναι < ἀποστέλλω: send off, συνέθεντο < συντίθημι: put or place send away together; contrive, devise; comprehend; ἀποφαίνω: show, display, prove (mid.) make an agreement with + dat. ἀποφέρω: carry off; report; pay back σφέτερος, -α, -ον: their, of them ἀστός, -οῦ ὁ: a townsman, townsperson σχοινίον, -ου τό: a rope, cord βάθρον, -ου τό: a base, step, stage τριήρης, -ους (-εος) ἡ: a trireme (something you step on) τριηρίτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: one who goes in βροντή, -ῆς ἡ: thunder a trireme ἕλκω: draw, drag Φάληρον, -ου τό: Phaleron, a port of ἐξανασπάω: tear away from Attika

51 V.86.1

ἄγαλμα, -ατος τό: a glory, delight, ἐπιπεσεῖν < ἐπιπίπτω: fall upon honor; statue of a deity ἐπιπλέω: sail, sail for or against Αἴγινα, -ας ἡ: Aigina, an island off the ἑτοῖμος, -ον: ready, at hand; able, coast of Athens prepared (+ inf.) Αἰγίναιος, -α, -ον: of or from Aigina an εὐπετέως: easily island off the coast of Athens κατίστατο = καθίστατο < καθίστημι Αἰγινήτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: an Aiginetan λαθεῖν < λανθάνω ἀνασπάω: draw or pull up ναυμαχέω: battle on the sea ἀπαμύνω: keep off, ward off ναυμαχία, -ας ἡ: a sea-battle ἀπικέσθαι = ἀφικέσθαι < ἀφικνέομαι πάρειμι: be present, be beside ἀποβάντας < ἀποβαίνω: step off, περιβάλλω: throw around; throw 'x' in dismount; turn out acc. around 'y' in dat. ἀτρεκέως: truly, exactly πεσεῖν < πίπτω βάθρον, -ου τό: a base, step, stage πιστός, -ή, -όν: trusty, trustworthy, often (something you step on) + dat. βροντή, -ῆς ἡ: thunder πλεῦνας = πλείονας < πλείων, πλεῖον γούνατα = γόνατα < γόνυ, γόνατος τό: προακηκοόσι < προακούω: hear a knee beforehand διαβάντας < διαβαίνω: cross, go σεισμός, -οῦ ὁ: a shaking, shock through συγγιγνώσκω: think with; agree with; διασημαίνω: mark out, point out clearly yield; allow + dat. διατελέω: bring to an end, fulfil; σχοινίον, -ου τό: a rope, cord continue doing τεῳ = τῳ < τις, τι εἴκω: give way, retire, yield, withdraw; τράπω = τρέπω be inferior τὠυτό = τὸ αὐτό ἕλκω: draw, drag, pull at ὑποταμομένους < ὑποτέμνω: cut away ἐοῦσαι = οὖσαι < εἰμί under Ἐπίδαυρος, -ου ἡ: Epidauros, a Greek city in the Peloponnesos

52 V.87-V.88

Αἴγινα, -ας ἡ: Aigina, an island off the ἱρός = ἱερός coast of Athens Κάειρα, -ας ἡ: Karian, of or from Karia Αἰγινήτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: an Aiginetan κατεστεῶτος = καθεστῶτος < ἀπαγγέλλω: report, tell καθίστημι ἀπολέσθαι < ἀπόλλυμι κεντέω (κεντεύω): prick, goad, spur on ἀποσώζω: save κέραμος, -ου ὁ: clay, potter's clay Ἀργεῖος, -α, -ον: of or from Argos; κιθών, -ῶνος ὁ = κιτών, -ῶνος ὁ: a Greek khiton (chiton), shirt ἀρχαῖος, -α, -ον: ancient; from the Κορίνθιος, -α, -ον: Korinthian, of or beginning from Korinth, a Greek city Ἀττική, -ῆς ἡ: Attike (Attika), the λίνεος, -α, -ον: of flax, linen region of greater Athens μείζων (μέζων), μεῖζον: greater, bigger, Ἀττικός, -ή, -όν: Attic, of Athens stronger αὐτόθι: from there, thence μεταβάλλω: turn, alter, change Δωρίς, -ίδος ἡ: Dorian, one of the four μέτρον, -ου τό: size; moderation major tribes of the Greeks παραπλήσιος, -α, -ον: similar, same εἴη < εἰμί περιγίγνομαι: be superior; survive ἐπιχώριος, -α, -ον: of a place πέριξ: round, round about + gen. or acc.; ἔρις, -ιδος ἡ: strife (adv) accordingly ἐρωτάω: ask περόνη, -ης ἡ: a pin ἐσθής, -ῆτος ἡ: clothing, raiment τόσος, -η, -ον: so much, so great; ἐκ ζημιόω: cause loss, punish τόσου: ever since that time ἡμιόλιος, -α, -ον: half as much again φορέω: bear, carry Ἰάς, -άδος ἡ: Ionian, of or from Ionia χυτρίς, -ίδος ἡ: a small pot ἱμάτιον, -ου τό: a piece of dress, cloak

53 V.89.1- V.90.1

ἄγαλμα, -ατος τό: a glory, delight, ἐπικαλέω: summon; bring a charge honor; statue of a deity against ἀδίκιον, -ου τό: a wrongdoing ἐπιστρατεύω: march against Αἰακός, -οῦ ὁ: Aiakos, mythical king of ἐπισχόντας < ἐπέχω: have, hold on; Aigina intend, purpose; (intrans.) pause Αἰγινήτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: an Aiginetan ἔχθρα, -ας ἡ: a hatred, enmity Ἀλκμεωνίδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Alkmeonid, ἦλθε < ἔρχομαι a family of prominence in Athens ἱδρύω: make sit down; fix; settle ἀναμιμνήσκω: remind; recall + gen. καταστρέφω: turn down; overturn, ἀνάρσιος, -α, -ον: incongruous; hostile, subdue, trample on strange Λακεδαιμόνιος, -α, -ον: Lakedaimonian ἀνέχω: hold up, lift up; continue; wait, μαντήιον = μαντεῖον, -ου τό: an pause oracular response, oracle ἀπενειχθέντα < ἀποφέρω: carry off; μηχανάομαι: devise, construct, build; report; pay back bring about ἀποδέξαντας < ἀποδείκνυμι ξεῖνος = ξένος Ἀττική, -ῆς ἡ: Attike (Attika), the παραθαλάσσιος, -α, -ον (-ος, -ον): by region of greater Athens the sea; coastal Βοιωτοί, -ῶν οἱ: Boiotians, of or from πείσεσθαι < πάσχω Boiotia, a region of Greece Πεισιστρατίδαι, -ῶν οἱ: followers of Δελφός, -ή, -όν: Delphian; (m. pl.) Peisistratos Delphians; (f. pl) Delphi, site of the προθύμως: eagerly, earnestly oracle of Apollo Πυθία, -ας ἡ: Pythia, the priestess of δηιόω: cut down, slay Apollo at Delphi διπλός = διπλόος, -η, -ον: twofold, τέμενος, -ου τό: a holy parcel of land double τιμωρία, -ας ἡ: retribution, revenge ἐγείρω: awaken, rouse τριήκοντα: thirty εἴη < εἰμί τριηκοστός, -ή, -όν: thirtieth εἴρηται < λέγω χρεών (χρεόν), -οῦ τό: a necessity ἐμπόδιος, -α, -ον: in the way; χωρέω: make room; retire, withdraw; obstructing + dat. advance, proceed ἐξεληλάκεσαν < ἐξελαύνω: drive out, expel; march out

54 V.90.2- V.91.2

ἄγγελος, -ου ὁ: a messenger ἱρός = ἱερός ἀδαής, -ές: unknowing; be ignorant of ἰσόρροπος, -ον: equal in strength ἀκρόπολις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: an acropolis καταλείπω: leave behind ἀναδέκομαι = ἀναδέχομαι: take up, καταφεύγω: flee for refuge catch, receive; undertake, promise κατέχω: hold, keep back, occupy; (int.) ἀνακύπτω: lift up the head, rise check oneself ἀναλαμβάνω: take up; undertake κίβδηλος, -ον: adulterated, base ἀνάρσιος, -α, -ον: hostile, strange Κλεομένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kleomenes, ἀσθενής, -ές: weak king of Sparta c. 520-490 Ἀττικός, -ή, -όν: of Athens Λακεδαιμόνιος, -α, -ον: Lakedaimonian αὐξάνω (αὔξω): increase, make large μαντήιος = μαντεῖος, -α, -ον: oracular ἀχάριστος, -ον: ungracious, unpleasant μεταπέμπω: send, send after, summon Βοιωτοί, -ῶν οἱ: Boiotians οὐδαμῶς: in no way, never ἐκβάλλω: throw out πειθαρχέω: obey one in authority ἐκμανθάνω: learn thoroughly; learn Πεισιστρατίδαι, -ῶν οἱ: followers of about from 'x' in the gen. Peisistratos ἔκτηντο < κτάομαι Πεισίστρατος, -ου ὁ: Peisistratos ἐλεύθερος, -ᾱ, -ον: free (Pisistratos), tyrant of Athens ἐλευθερόω: free περίοικος, -ον: dwelling around Ἑλλήσποντος, -ου ὁ: Hellespont, the περιυβρίζω: insult wantonly passage between the Aegean and Σίγειον, -ου τό: Sigeion, a Greek town Marmara Seas Σπάρτη, -ης ἡ: Sparte (Sparta) ἐνάγω: lead in, on, into; urge Σπαρτιήτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Spartiate ἐξελαύνω: drive out, expel; march out συγγιγνώσκω: think with; agree with; ἐξηλάσαμεν < ἐξελαύνω yield; allow + dat. ἐόντας = ὄντας < εἰμί τυραννίς, -ίδος ἡ: a tyranny ἐπαερθέντες < ἐπαίρω: raise; excite ὑποχείριος, -α, -ον (-ος, -ον): under the ἑτοῖμος, -η, -ον: ready, at hand; able, hand, in hand; subject to prepared (+ inf.) Χαλκιδέες, -έων οἱ: Khalkideans, of or Ἱππίης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Hippiës (Hippias), from Khalkis, a town on Euboia son of Peisistratus and tyrant of χρησμός, -οῦ ὁ: an oracular response Athens c. 520 ὥρων < ὁράω

55 V.91.3- V.92α.2

ἀδικώτερος, -α, ον: more unjust κατάγω: lead down, bring down; bring ἀκέομαι: heal, cure, repair; make back amends καταλύω: dissolve, destroy; unloose ἀπειλόμεθα = ἀφειλόμεθα < ἀφαιρέω κατιστάναι = καθιστάναι < καθίστημι ἄπειρος, -ον: without trial, without Κορίνθιος, -α, -ον: Korinthian, of or experience from Korinth, a Greek city δίζημαι: seek, search out μεταπέμπω: send, send after, summon ἔατε = ἦτε < εἰμί μετέωρος, -ον: in mid air ἔμπειρος, -ον: experienced in μιαιφονώτερος, -α, -ον: more blood ἐνδέκομαι = ἐνδέχομαι: take on stained, bloody oneself; accept; admit; welcome; παραχράομαι: abuse, misuse, disregard, (impers.) it is possible slight; act wrongly ἔνερθε: from beneath, below + gen. Σπάρτη, -ης ἡ: Sparte (Sparta) ἐσάγω: bring to, lead to; lead forth or συμβάλλω: throw together, dash into together; attack + dat. ἦ: in truth, verily Σωσικλέης, -ους (-εος) ὁ: Sosiklees, ἡσυχία, -ας ἡ: a calmness, peace Korinthian ambassador c. 500 Ἱππίης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Hippiës (Hippias), τίνω: pay a price or debt; pay a penalty; son of Peisistratus and tyrant of get revenge for + gen.; punish, take Athens c. 520 retribution on 'x' in acc. for 'y' in gen. ἰσοκρατία, -ας ἡ: equal power; equal τυραννεύω: be tyrant, rule rights; political equality τυραννίς, -ίδος ἡ: a tyranny ἰχθύς, -ύος ὁ (ἰχθῦς = ἰχθύες or χρηστός, -ή, -όν: useful; good; ἰχθύας): fish favorable

56 V.92β

αἰετός = ἀετός, -οῦ ὁ: an eagle κατάστασις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a settling; Ἀμφίων, -ονος ὁ: Amphion, one of the establishing; state, insitution Bakkhiadai, a powerful oligarchical Κορίνθιος, -α, -ον: Korinthian, of or faction of Korinth from Korinth, a Greek city ἀνέκαθεν: from above Κόρινθος, -ου ὁ and ἡ: Korinth, a ἄσημος, -ον: without mark; Greek city on the isthmus unintelligible κυέω: be pregnant with; conceive Βακχιάδαι, -ῶν οἱ: Bakkhiadai, a Λάβδα, -ας ἡ: Labda, a Korinthian and powerful oligarchical faction of Korinth daughter of Amphion γαμέω: marry Λαπίθης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Lapith, a γῆμαι < γαμέω legendary people inhabiting Thessaly γόνος, -ου ὁ or ἡ: a child, offspring; λέων, -οντος ὁ: a lion race, birth μούναρχος = μόναρχος, -ου ὁ: a γόνυ, γούνατος τό = γόνυ, γόνατος τό: monarch, sole ruler a knee νέμω: deal out, distribute; inhabit; Δελφός, -ή, -όν: Delphian; (m. pl.) pasture; graze; manage, control; spread Delphians; (f. pl) Delphi, site of the ὀλιγαρχία, -ας ἡ: an oligarchy oracle of Apollo ὀλοοίτροχος, -ου ὁ: a rolling stone, δικαιόω: set right; think right; δικαιῶ round rock, millstone δρᾶν: I think it right to do; judge; οὔνομα = ὄνομα punish; justify, hold guiltless οὔτις, οὔτι: no one ἐξαγγέλλω: announce ὀφρυόεις, -εσσα, -εν: on the brow or ἐόντι = ὄντι < εἰμί edge of a rock; towering ἐσιόντα = εἰσιόντα < εἴσειμι: enter, go Πειρήνη, -ης ἡ: Peirene, a fountain or into spring in Korinth Ἐχεκράτης, -ους (-εος) ὁ: Ekhekrates, a πεσεῖται < πίπτω Lapith and father of Eetion πέτρα, -ας ἡ: a rock Ἠετίων, -ωνος ὁ: Eetion, king of Πέτρα, -ας ἡ: Petra, a town of Boiotia Kilikian Thebe and father of πολύτιτος, -ον: worthy of high honour Andromache προσαγορεύω: address, greet ἰθέως: directly, straight Πυθία, -ας ἡ: Pythia, the priestess of ἴσχω: hold, restrain, have, possess; Apollo at Delphi ἴσχειν αὐτὸν ταῦτα ποιεῖν: to prevent στέλλω: make ready; provide, equip; him from doing these things start, set forth Καινείδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: of Kaineus, a τίω: honour, revere Lapith hero from Thessaly χρηστήριον, -ου τό: an oracle καρτερός, -ά, -όν: strong, staunch χωλός, -ή, -όν: lame, limping ὠμηστής, -οῦ ὁ: (adj.) eating raw flesh

57 V.92γ

αἴτεον = ᾔτεον καταιτιάομαι: accuse, arraign + gen. ἀπικόμενοι = ἀφικόμενοι < κατοικέω: colonize, settle in, dwell, ἀφικνέομαι inhabit ἅπτω: fasten κατοικτείρω: have mercy ἀτέκμαρτος, -ον: without distinctive Λάβδα, -ας ἡ: Labda, a Korinthian and mark, obscure, baffling daughter of Amphion αὐλή, -ῆς ἡ: an open court μετέχω: partake of, have a share of + Βακχιάδαι, -ῶν οἱ: Bakkhiadai, a gen. powerful oligarchical faction of Korinth μετίσχω = μετέχω γόνος, -ου ὁ or ἡ: a child, offspring; οἶκτος, -ου ὁ: pity, compassion race, birth ὀπίσω: back, behind δεδογμένα < δοκέω παιδίον, -ου τό: a child διεξῆλθε < διεξέρχομαι: go through, παρελθόντες < παρέρχομαι: go beside, pass through go past διεργάζομαι: work at; do; cultivate; Πέτρα, -ας ἡ: Petra, a town of Boiotia destroy προσγελάω: gladden ἐγγίγνομαι: be in; arise in; be produced προσουδίζω: dash against in, happen; intervene συνέντες < συνίημι ἐγχειρίζω: put into one's hands, entrust συνῆκαν < συνίημι εἰδυῖα < οἶδα συνίημι: send together; perceive; ἐξελθόντες < ἐξέρχομαι: go out understand ἑστεῶτες < ἵστημι συνῳδός, -όν: singing; according with, Ἠετίων, -ωνος ὁ: Eetion, king of in harmony with Kilikian Thebe and father of τεκούσῃ < τίκτω Andromache φιλοφροσύνη, -ης ἡ: a friendliness, ἡσυχία, -ας ἡ: a calmness, peace kindliness θύρα, -ας ἡ: a door φόνος, -ου ὁ: murder, slaughter ἴσχω: hold, restrain, have, possess; ἴσχειν αὐτὸν ταῦτα ποιεῖν: to prevent him from doing these things

58 V.92δ-V.92ε

ἀμφιδέξιος, -α, -ον: ambidextrous Ἠετίδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: son of Eetion, ἀναβλαστέω: shoot up king of Kilikian Thebe and father of ἀνδρόω: change into a man Andromache ἀπελθόντες < ἀπέρχομαι: go away, Ἠετίων, -ωνος ὁ: Eetion, king of depart Kilikian Thebe and father of ἀποπέμπω: send, send off or away Andromache ἀποστερέω: rob, despoil, defraud θύρα, -ας ἡ: a door αὐξάνω: increase κατακρύπτω: hide, conceal ἀφραστότατος, -η, -ον: most κλειτός, -ή, -όν: renowned, famous unutterable; very strange; numberless; Κόρινθος, -ου ὁ and ἡ: Korinth, a most unexpected Greek city on the isthmus γόνος, -ου ὁ or ἡ: a child, offspring; κυψέλη, -ης ἡ: a chest, box race, birth Κύψελος, -ου ὁ: Kypselos, first tyrant δείδω: fear of Korinth 657-627 Δελφός, -ή, -όν: Delphian; (m. pl.) Λάβδα, -ας ἡ: Labda, a Korinthian and Delphians; (f. pl) Delphi, site of the daughter of Amphion oracle of Apollo μαντεύομαι: divine, prophecy διαφεύγω: flee, escape μεταδοκέω: change one's opinion; δίζημαι: seek, search out (impers.) be a change of heart + dat. ἐντέλλω: order, enjoin, command ὄλβιος, -α, -ον: happy, blest ἐπιχειρέω: put one's hand to or on οὔνομα = ὄνομα ἐπωνυμία, -ας ἡ: a name given after or παιδίον, -ου τό: a child because of someone; (acc. as adv.) πίσυνος, -ον: trusting on, relying on named after, called after πλεῖστος, -η, -ον: most ἐρευνάω: seek τυραννεύω: be tyrant, rule ἐσέρχομαι: enter ὑποστρέφω: turn round; turn and flee; ἐσκαταβαίνω: go down, enter elude ἑστεῶσα < ἵστημι χρησμός, -οῦ ὁ: an oracular response, ἑστεῶτες < ἵστημι oracle ἐτέθη < τίθημι χρηστήριον, -ου τό: an oracle ζήτησις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a seeking, searching

59 V.92ζ.1

ἀμφιδέξιος, -α, -ον: ambidextrous, Κόρινθος, -ου ὁ and ἡ: Korinth, a ambiguous, having a double-meaning Greek city on the isthmus ἀναποδίζω: make to step back; call back Κύψελος, -ου ὁ: Kypselos, first tyrant and question, cross-examine of Korinth 657-627 ἀπηγέομαι: lead off; tell, explain λήιον, -ου τό: a crop; crop of corn, field ἄπιξις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: an arrival of corn ἀποπέμπω: send, send off or away μιαιφονώτερος, -α, -ον: more blood ἄρουρα, -ας ἡ: arable land, corn-land stained, bloody ἄσταχυς, -υος ὁ: ear of corn Μίλητος, -ου ἡ: Miletos, a Greek city ἄστυ, -ους (-εος) τό: a town νοστέω: go home, return ἀσφαλής, -ές: safe, certain, secure ὁμιλέω: be in company with, consort βαθύτατος, -η, -ον: deepest; strongest with + dat. διάδοχος, -ου ὁ: succeeding; (n.) a ὀπώπεε < ὁράω successor παραπλήξ, -ῆγος ὁ or ἡ: struck διαπλέκω: weave, plait; finish the web sideways; mad; (n.) a beach struck of one's life sideways by waves διεξελθών < διέρχομαι: come, go, go Περίανδρος, -ου ὁ: Periandros through or across (Periander), second tyrant of Korinth, διεξήιε = διεξῄει < διέξειμι: go out considered one of the seven sages of through Greece c. 625–585 ἐλθόντα < ἔρχομαι πρόθυμος, -ον: ready, willing, eager ἐξάγω: lead out, lead away ῥίπτω: throw, cast, hurl ἐπερωτάω: ask, consult σινάμωρος, -ον: mischievous, hurtful; ἐπιτροπεύω: be an administrator, destroying + gen. guardian σπείρω: sow ἐσβάς < εἰσβαίνω: go on board, embark τριήκοντα: thirty ἐσπαρμένην < σπείρω τυραννίς, -ίδος ἡ: a tyranny ἤπιος, -α, -ον: gentle, kind ὑπερέχω: hold over; (intrans.) be above Θρασύβουλος, -ου ὁ: Thrasyboulos, ὑποθέμενος < ὑποτίθημι tyrant of Miletos c. 650 ὑποθήκη, -ης ἡ: a suggestion, counsel, θωμάζω = θαυμάζω: wonder, marvel; warning admire; wonder at + gen. ὑποτίθημι: place under; put under; ἴδοι < ὁράω propose, suggest κάλλιστος, -η, -ον: most beautiful χρηστήριον, -ου τό: an oracle κῆρυξ, -υκος ὁ: a herald κολούω: cut short, dock, curtail

60 V.92η.4-V.92η.4

ἀγγελία, -ας ἡ: a message κατατίθημι: put, place ἄγγελος, -ου ὁ: a messenger κατερέω < καταλέγω: say; choose; ἀμφίπολος, -ον: busy; (f. n.) a reckon handmaiden, serving woman κήρυγμα, -ατος τό: a public notice ἀπαγγέλλω: report, tell Κορίνθιος, -α, -ον: Korinthian, of or ἀποδύω: strip off, take off from Korinth, a Greek city ἀπολείπω: leave ofφ; lose; abandon Κύψελος, -ου ὁ: Kypselos, first tyrant ἀποτελέω: bring to an end, complete of Korinth 657-627 ἄρτος, -ου ὁ: a cake Λακεδαιμόνιος, -α, -ον: Lakedaimonian ἀστός, -οῦ ὁ: a townsman, townsperson μαρτύριον, -ου τό: proof; testimony; Ἀχέρων, -οντος ὁ: Akheron, a river (pl.) evidence γυμνός, -ή, -όν: naked Μέλισσα, -ης ἡ: Melissa of Korinth δορύφορος, -ον: spear-bearing νεκρός, -οῦ ὁ: a corpse εἴδωλον, -ου τό: an image, idol νεκυομαντήιον, -ου τό: an oracle ἐκφαίνω: bring to light, reveal ξεινικός, -ή, -όν: of a foreigner, stranger ἐλεύθερος, -α, -ον: free ξεῖνος = ξένος Ἑλλήνιος, -η, -ον: Greek ὀπίσω: back, behind ἔξειμι: go from; depart ὁρτή = ἑορτή -ῆς ἡ: a festival ἐπεύχομαι: pray ὄρυγμα, -ατος τό: a pit, ditch ἐπιβάλλω: throw or cast on ὄφελος, -ου ὁ: help, profit ἐπιφαίνω: show forth, display παρακαταθήκη, -ης ἡ: a deposit, trust ἑωυτοῦ = ἑαυτοῦ Περίανδρος, -ου ὁ: Periandros ἤισαν = ᾖσαν < εἶμι (Periander), second tyrant of Korinth, Ἥραιος, -α, -ον: of Hera; (n.s.) her considered one of the seven sages of temple Greece c. 625–585 Θεσπρωτοί, -ῶν οἱ: Thesprotoi, πιστός, -ή, -όν: trusty, trustworthy, often inhabitants of Epiros in northwest + dat. Greece ῥιγέω: shudder Θρασύβουλος, -ου ὁ: Thrasyboulos, σημανέω: point out, show, give a signal tyrant of Miletos c. 650 συγκαταθάπτω: bury along with θῶμα, -ατος τό: a wonder, marvel συμβόλαιον, -ου τό: a mark, sign, token θωμάζω: wonder; admire + gen. συμφορέω: bring together, gather ἰθέως: directly, straight συνιείς < συνίημι: send together; ἱμάτιον, -ου τό: a piece of dress, cloak perceive; understand ἰπνός, -οῦ ὁ: an oven, furnace τυραννίς, -ίδος ἡ: a tyranny ἴσχω: hold, restrain, have, possess; ὑπείροχος, -ον: prominent, ἴσχειν αὐτὸν ταῦτα ποιεῖν: to prevent distinguished him from doing these things ὑποτίθημι: place or put under; propose κακότης, -ητος ἡ: badness, wickedness ὑφίστημι: place under κάλλιστος, -η, -ον: most beautiful φονεύω: murder κατακαίω: burn completely χῶρος, -ου ὁ: a place κατακαυθέντων < κατακαίω ψυχρός, -ά, -όν: cold

61 V.92η.5- V.94

αἰχμή, -ῆς ἡ: point of a spear κατάγω: lead down, bring down; bring ἀμαχητί: without battle, without stroke back of sword Κορίνθιος, -α, -ον: Korinthian, of or ἀμείβω: answer; exchange; pass, cross from Korinth, a Greek city Ἀμύντης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Amyntes, a Κόρινθος, -ου ὁ and ἡ: Korinth, a Makedonian c. 540-498 Greek city on the isthmus ἀναχωρέω: go back Λακεδαιμόνιος, -α, -ον: Lakedaimonian Ἀνθεμοῦς, Ἀνθεμοῦντος ὁ: Anthemous, Μακεδών, -ῶνος ὁ: Makedonian a Makedonian town (Macedonian), of or from Makedonia ἀνιάω: grieve, distress μαρτυρέω: witness, give witness, testify ἀπελαύνω: drive away, expel from μεζόνως: in a greater degree ἀτρεκής, -ές: strict, precise, exact μεταπέμπω: send, send after, summon εἴδομεν < ὁράω Μυτιλήναιος, -α, -ον: Mytilenian, of or εἴπαντος = εἰπόντος < λέγω from Mytilene, a city on Lesbos ἐλεύθερος, -α, -ον: free νόθος, -η, -ον: bastard, base-born Ἑλλήνιος, -η, -ον: Greek ὀπίσω: back, behind ἐνθεῦτεν (ἐντεῦθεν): thence, hence οὐδέτερος, -α, -ον: neither of two, none ἐξεπίσταμαι: know thoroughly παραλαμβάνω: take; receive ἐπικαλέω: summon; bring a charge Πεισιστρατίδαι, -ῶν οἱ: followers of against Peisistratos ἐπιμαρτυρέω: bear witness to Πεισίστρατος, -ου ὁ: Peisistratos ἐπιποθέω: desire besides (Pisistratos), tyrant of Athens Ἡγησίστρατος, -ου ὁ: Hegesistratos, πρεσβεύω: be the elder bastard son of Peisistratos, tyrant of ῥήξας < ῥήγνυμι: break asunder, rend, Sigeion shatter ἡσυχία, -ας ἡ: a calmness, peace Σίγειον, -ου τό: Sigeion, a Greek town Θεσσαλοί, -ῶν οἱ: Thessalians, of or συναινέω: consent; agree with + dat.; from Thessaly grant 'x' in acc. to 'y' in dat. θῶμα, -ατος τό: a wonder, marvel Σωκλέης, -έος ὁ: Soklees, Korinthian θωμάζω: wonder; admire + gen ambassador c. 500 Ἱππίης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Hippiës (Hippias), τέως: so long, in the meantime son of Peisistratus and tyrant of τυραννίς, -ίδος ἡ: a tyranny Athens c. 520 φωνή, -ῆς ἡ: a sound ἴστε < οἶδα χρησμός, -οῦ ὁ: an oracular response, Ἰωλκός, -οῦ ὁ: Iolkos, a Greek city of oracle Thessaly

62 V.94.2- V.96.2

Αἰολεύς, -έως (-έος) ὁ: Aiolean, one of καταδέκομαι = καταδέχομαι: receive, the four major tribes of Greece admit, take back Ἀλκαῖος, -ου ὁ: Alkaios of Mytilene, a καταλλάσσω: change, reconcile Greek lyric poet c. 620 Κύψελος, -ου ὁ: Kypselos, first tyrant ἀνακρεμάννυμι: hang up on of Korinth 657-627 ἀπαιτέω: demand back, demand to have Λακεδαίμων, -ονος ἡ: Lakedaimon, the returned official name of Sparta ἀπίκετο = ἀφίκετο < ἀφικνέομαι Μελάνιππος, -ου ὁ: Melanippos, one of ἀποφέρω: carry off; report; pay back seven defenders of Thebes ἁρπαγή, -ῆς ἡ: a seizure, theft, rape μέλος, -ους (-εος) τό: a limb; song; Ἀρταφρένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Artaphrenes, melody brother of Dareios I and satrap of Sardis Μενέλαος, -εως (-εω) ὁ: Menelaos Ἀσία, -ας ἡ: Asia μετεόν < μέτειμι: be among, be to, have Ἀχιλληίος = Αχίλλειος, -α, -ον: of a share of 'x' in gen. Akhilleus, son of Peleus and Thetis and Μυτιλήναιος, -α, -ον: Mytilenian, of or hero of the Trojan war from Mytilene, a city on Lesbos διαβάλλω: throw over, cross over; Μυτιλήνη, -ης ἡ: Mytilene, a city slander; deceive νέμω: deal out, distribute; inhabit; διαιτητής, -οῦ ὁ: an arbiter, umpire pasture; graze; manage, control; spread ἐδέδοκτο < δοκέω ὀπίσω: back, behind ἐκφεύγω: flee from; escape παντοῖος, -η, -ον: of all sorts, manifold; Ἑλένη, -ης ἡ: Helen of Troy take all shapes i.e. try every expedient ἐνδέκομαι = ἐνδέχομαι: take on Περίανδρος, -ου ὁ: Periandros oneself; accept; admit; (impers.) it is (Periander), second tyrant of Korinth, possible considered one of the seven sages of ἐξαγγέλλω: announce Greece c. 625–585 ἐπιτίθημι: set on; put to; add Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις ἐπιτράπω = ἐπιτρέπω: turn to (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia ἑταῖρος, -ου ὁ: a comrade, companion Σίγειον, -ου τό: Sigeion, a Greek town ἑωυτῷ = ἑαυτῷ σόος, -η, -ον: safe; whole; unhurt Ἰλιάς, -άδος ἡ: Ilium, Troy συγγιγνώσκω: think with; agree with; Ἱππίης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Hippiës (Hippias), yield; allow + dat. son of Peisistratus and tyrant of Athens συμβολή, -ῆς ἡ: a coming together, c. 520 meeting, joining ἴσχω: hold, restrain, have, possess; συμπράττω: do with; help, assist ἴσχειν αὐτὸν ταῦτα ποιεῖν: to prevent συχνός, -ή, -όν: long, many him from doing these things φυγάς, -άδος ὁ or ἡ: an exile, deserter

63 V.97.1-V.98.1

αἰχμάλωτος, -ον: taken by the spear, Κλεομένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Kleomenes, captive, prisoner king of Sparta c. 520-490 ἀναπείθω: persuade κώμη, -ης ἡ: an unwalled village ἀπίκετο = ἀφίκετο < ἀφικνέομαι Λακεδαιμόνιος, -α, -ον: Lakedaimonian ἄποικος, -ον: away; abroad; (n.) colonist λυπέω: give pain to, distress, grieve, ἀποστέλλω: send off, send away annoy Ἀρισταγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Aristagores Μεγάβαζος, -ου ὁ: Megabazos, Persian (Aristagoras), governor of Miletos general serving under Dareios I c. 500 Ἀσία, -ας ἡ: Asia Μελάνθιος, -ου ὁ: Melanthios, an ἀσπίς, -ίδος ἡ: a shield Athenian admiral c. 500 ἀστός, -οῦ ὁ: a townsman, townsperson Μιλήσιος, -α, ον: Milesian, of Miletos, βοηθός, -όν: helping, assisting a Greek city on the coast of Karia βούλευμα, -ατος τό: a resolution, μυριάς, -άδος ἡ: number of ten purpose, plan thousand; myriad Δαρεῖος, -ου ὁ: Dareios (Darius) I the οἰκός < ἔοικα Great, third king of the Akhaimenids Παίονες, -ων οἱ: Paionians, of or from διαβάλλω: throw over, cross over; Paionia, a region of Thrake slander; deceive Περσικός, -ή, -όν: Persian δόκιμος, -ον (-ος, -α, -ον): worthy, of προπλώω = προπλέω: sail before good repute ῥύομαι: draw to oneself, save; αὐτὸν δόρυ, -ατος τό: a spear θανεῖν ρύομαι 'I save him from dying' δυναστεύω: hold power Σπάρτη, -ης ἡ: Sparte (Sparta) εἴησαν < εἰμί Στρυμών, -όνος ὁ: Strymon River in εἴκοσι (ν): twenty northern Greece ἐξελαύνω: drive out, expel; march out ὑπισχνέομαι: take on oneself, promise ἐξευρίσκω: find out, discover Φρυγία, -ας ἡ: Phrygia, in Asia Minor ἐπελθών < ἐπέρχομαι: go forth, go χειρόω: handle, worst, master, subdue against χῶρος, -ου ὁ: a place εὐπετής, -ές: falling well, easy ψηφίζω: count, reckon Ἴωνες, -ων οἱ: Ionians, of or from Ionia ὠφέλεια, -ας ἡ: help, aid, succour; profit, advantage

64 V.98.2- V.99

ἀναλαμβάνω: take up or back; resume; Λέσβιος, -α, -ον: Lesbian, of Lesbos undertake Λέσβος, -ου ἡ: Lesbos, a Greek island ἀντίος, -α, -ον: opposite, set against + off the coast of Asia Minor gen. or dat. μέλω: be an object of care to + dat.; ἀπέλθοιεν < ἀπέρχομαι: go away, πᾶσι μέλω: I am a care to all; care for, depart attend to + gen.; (impers.) be a care to + ἀπέστηκε < ἀφίστημι dat.; “x” in gen. is a care to “y” in dat.; ἀπίκοντο = ἀφίκοντο < ἀφικνέομαι μέλει μοι τοῦδε: I care for this ἀποδιδράσκω: run away, flee; shun Μιλήσιος, -α, ον: Milesian, of Miletos, a Ἀρισταγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Aristagores Greek city on the coast of Karia (Aristagoras), governor of Miletos Μίλητος, -ου ἡ: Miletos, a Greek city ἀρρωδέω = ὀρρωδέω: dread, fear, ὀπίσω: back, behind shrink from, shudder at gen. or acc. ὀφείλω: owe, be in debt ἀσπαστός, -ή, -όν: welcome Παίονες, -ων οἱ: Paionians, of or from ἀστός, -οῦ ὁ: a townsman, townsperson Paionia, a region of Thrake αὐτοῦ: there Παιονία, -ας ἡ: Paionia, a region of διέβησαν < διαβαίνω: cross, go through Thrake Δορίσκος, -ου ἡ: Doriskos, a coastal πέντε: (indecl.) five town of Thrake Σάμιοι, -ων οἱ: Samians εἴκοσι (ν): twenty Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις ἐληλύθεε < ἔρχομαι (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia ἐνδέκομαι = ἐνδέχομαι: take on στρατηίη = στρατεία, -ας ἡ: an oneself; accept; admit; welcome; expedition, campaign (impers.) it is possible συνδιήνεικαν < συνδιαφέρω: bear ἐπαγγέλλω: tell, proclaim; command; along with one, wage along with denounce τριήρης, -ους (-εος) ἡ: a trireme Ἐρετριεύς, -έως (-έος) ὁ: Eretrian, of or ὑποτίθημι: place under; put under; from Eretria, a Greek city on the island propose, suggest of Euboia Χαλκιδέες, -έων οἱ: Khalkideans, of or Ἑρμόφαντος, -ου ὁ: Hermophantos, from Khalkis, a town on Euboia general of Miletos c. 500 Χαροπῖνος, -ου ὁ: Kharopinos, a Ἰωνία, -ας ἡ: Ionia, Greek region on the Milesian and brother of Aristagoras c. coast of Asia Minor 500 κάρτα: even, especially Χίος, -ου ἡ: Khios (Chios), a Greek καταμένω: remain, stay behind; island famous for its wine continue in a state

65 V.100.1-V.101

ἀθροίζω: gather together, collect, Κορησός, -οῦ ἡ: Koresos, part of muster Ephesos a Greek city on the coast of ἀκρόπολις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: an akropolis Ionia ἀναβαίνω: go up; mount; make go on λεηλατέω: drive away booty board Λυδός, -ή, -όν: Lydian, of or from ἀντιόομαι: meet, resist, oppose Lydia, centrally located in Asia Minor ἀπικόμενοι = ἀφικόμενοι < νέμω: deal out, distribute; inhabit; ἀφικνέομαι pasture; graze; manage, control; spread ἀπολαμφθέντες < ἀπολαμβάνω: take ὁρέοντες = ὁράοντες < ὁράω off, take away; regain, recover; cut off ὀροφή, -ῆς ἡ: roof of a house Ἀρταφρένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Artaphrenes, Πακτωλός, -οῦ ὁ: Paktolos, a small brother of Dareios I and satrap of Sardis river of Lydia ἄστυ, -ους (-εος) τό: a town πάντοθεν: from all quarters, from every δείδω: fear side ἐκδιδοῖ = ἐκδίδωσι < ἐκδίδωμι: give περιέσχατα, -ων τά: extremities, edges up, give out πλεῦνες = πλείονες < πλείων, πλεῖον ἑλόντας < αἱρέω πλίνθινος, -η, -ον: made of brick ἐμπίμπρημι: burn, set on fire πλοῖον, -ου τό: a ship ἔνειμι: be in, be within, be among ποιεύμενοι = ποιούμενοι ἐξαναχωρέω: go out of the way, προσφέρω: bring, bring to, apply to; withdraw, retreat offer, propose; contribute, pay; resemble ἐξήλυσις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: way out, outlet + acc. of resp.; (pass.) attack, assualt; ἐπινέμω: allot, distribute approach Ἔρμος, -ου ὁ: Ermos, a river flowing ῥέω: flow through Lydia ῥύομαι: draw to oneself, save; αὐτὸν ἐρρύετο < ῥύομαι θανεῖν ρύομαι 'I save him from dying' Ἐφεσίος, -α, -ον: Ephesian, of or from Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις Ephesos a Greek city on the coast of (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia Ionia στόλος, -ου ὁ: an expedition, equipment Ἐφέσος, -ου ἡ: Ephesus συρρέω: flow together ἰόν < εἶμι Τμῶλος, -ου ὁ: Tmolos, king of Lydia; Ἴωνες, -ων οἱ: Ionians, of or from Ionia mountain in Lydia; mountain god καίω: kindle ὑπερβαίνω: go over, go beyond καλάμινος, -η, -ον: of reed χρυσός, -οῦ ὁ: gold κάλαμος, -ου ὁ: a reed χωρίς: apart from, separately + gen. καταφορέω: carry down ψῆγμα, -ατος τό: that which is rubbed, Καΰστριος, -ου ὁ: Kayster River in scrapings, chips Ephesos of Ionia

66 V.102- V.103

ἀγωνίζομαι: contend for a prize Καρία, -ας ἡ: Karia, a region of Asia αἰνέω: tell of, speak of; praise Minor south of Lydia Ἅλυς, Ἅλυος ὁ: Halys, a river of Asia Καῦνος, -ου ἡ: Kaunos, a city of Karia Minor Κήιος, -α -ον: Kean, of or from Keos a ἀντεμπίμπρημι: burn in return, burn in Greek island of the Kyklades retaliation Κυβήβη, -ης ἡ: Kybebe, earth mother ἀντιτάττω: line up against or opposite goddess ἀπολείπω: leave off or behind; lose; Λυδός, -ή, -όν: Lydian, of or from abandon Lydia, centrally located in Asia Minor ἀποφεύγω: flee from; escape ὀνομαστός, -ή, -όν: named; be named Ἀρισταγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Aristagores παράπας, -πασα, -παν: altogether; (Aristagoras), governor of Miletos (adv.) absolutely Βυζάντιος, -α, -ον: Byzantine προπυνθάνομαι: learn by inquiring Δαρεῖος, -ου ὁ: Dareios (Darius) I the before, hear beforehand Great, third king of the Akhaimenids προσγίγνομαι: come or go to; attack; be ἐκπλέω (ἐκπλώω): sail out added + dat. Ἑλλήσποντος, -ου ὁ: the Hellespont, προσκτάομαι: gain; get the narrow passage between the Aegean Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις and Marmara Seas (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia ἐμπίμπρημι: burn, set on fire Σιμωνίδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Simonides, a ἐνέπρησαν < ἐμπίμπρημι Greek lyric poet from Keos ἐόντας = ὄντας < εἰμί σκεδάννυμι: scatter, disperse ἐπικαλέω: summon; bring a charge σκευάζω: prepare, make ready against σκήπτω: prop, stay; allege by way of ἐπιχώριος, -α, -ον: of a place; of or in excuse the country; indigenous στερέω: deprive, rob Ἐρετριεύς, -έως (-έος) ὁ: Eretrian, of or στεφανήφορος, -ον: crown-wearing from Eretria, a Greek city on the island στίβος, -ου ὁ: a trodden way, track, path of Euboia στρατηγέω: be general, command ἑσσώθησαν < ἡσσάομαι (ἑσσόομαι): be συμβάλλω: throw together, dash less or inferior; be defeated; ἡσσᾶται together; attack + dat. ὑπὸ αὐτῆς he is smaller than her συμμαχέω: be an ally, help, aid Εὐαλκίδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Eualkides, συμμαχία, -ας ἡ: an alliance general of the Eretrians c. 500 συναλίζω: gather ἔφασαν < φημί τιμωρέω: help; avenge; seek vengeance Ἐφέσος, -ου ἡ: Ephesus (can take dative) ἑωυτοῖσι = ἑαυτοῖσι ὑπάρχω: begin; arise; be ἱρός = ἱερός φονεύω: murder Ἴωνες, -ων οἱ: Ionians, of or from Ionia

67 V.104-V.105

ἀήρ, ἀέρος ὁ: air καταπροίξομαι: do a thing without ἁλούσας < ἁλίσκομαι return i.e. with impunity Ἀμαθοῦς, -οῦντος ἡ: Amathous, a city Κύπριοι, -ων οἱ: Kyprians, of or from on the coast of Kypros Kypros, an island in the Mediterranean Ἀμαθούσιοι, -ων οἱ: Amathousioi, μέμνεο < μιμνήσκω inhabitants of Amathous on Kypros Μῆδος, -ου ὁ: a Mede, Persian ἀναπείθω: persuade Μιλήσιος, -α, ον: Milesian, of Miletos, ἄνω: up, above a Greek city on the coast of Karia ἀπεῖναι = ἀφεῖναι < ἀφίημι ὀϊστός = οἰστός, -οῦ ὁ: an arrow ἀποκληίω = ἀποκλείω: shut off from Ὀνήσιλος, -ου ὁ: Onesilos, brother of Ἀρισταγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Aristagores Gorgos, king of Salamis c. 500 (Aristagoras), governor of Miletos πάγχυ: quite, wholly, entirely, altogether ἄστυ, -ους (-εος) τό: a town παραγορέω: address, exhort Γόργος, -ου ὁ: Gorgos, king of Salamis πολιορκέω: besiege c. 500 πρόκειμαι: be set before one δεῖπνον, -ου τό: a meal, food προσγίγνομαι: come or go to; attack; be δεσπότης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a master added + dat. εἰδότα < οἶδα προσκάτημαι = προσκάθημαι: be εἶεν < εἰμί seated, sit, besiege εἴπαντα = εἰπόντα < λέγω προστάσσω: place; prescribe, command εἰπεῖν < λέγω πύλη, -ης ἡ: a gate εἴρομαι = ἔρομαι Σαλαμίνιος, -α, -ον: Salaminian, of or ἑκάστοτε: each time, on each occasion from Salamis, a city on Kypros ἐκγίγνομαι: be born of, emerge, come Σαλαμίς, -ῖνος ἡ: Salamis, a city of about; be allowed, be granted Kypros ἐμπίμπρημι: burn, set on fire Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις ἐνάγω: lead in or on; urge, persuade; (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia propose suggest; promote; bring into Σίρωμος, -ου ὁ: Siromos, a Greek court, accuse στασιώτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a member of a ἐξαγγέλλω: announce party ἐξελθόντα < ἐξέρχομαι: go, go away, στερέω: deprive, rob go out συλλογή, -ῆς ἡ: a gathering, collecting, ἐπιθέντα < ἐπιτίθημι: set on; put to; meeting, conspiracy add συναπίστασθαι = συναφίστασθαι < ἐπίκειμαι: be laid on; put to; press on; συναφίστημι: draw into revolt together hang on συνυφαίνω: weave together Εὐέλθων, -οντος ὁ: Euelthon, a Greek τίνω: pay a price and father of Siromos τόξον, -ου τό: a bow ἑωυτοῦ = ἑαυτοῦ τρίς: thrice, three times θεράπων, -οντος ὁ: a henchman, Χέρσις, -εως (-ιος) ὁ: Khersis, a Greek servant, attendant and father of Onesilos, c. 520 Ἴωνες, -ων οἱ: Ionians, of or from Ionia ὡνήρ = ὁ ἀνήρ

68 V.106

ἀκήκοας < ἀκούω ἴσθι < οἶδα ἀναγιγνώσκω: know; persuade Ἱστιαῖος, -ου ὁ: Histiaios (Histiaeus), ἀνασπαστός, -όν: dragged up or back tyrant of Miletos c. 500 ἀνέχω (ἀνίσχω): hold up, lift up; Ἴωνες, -ων οἱ: Ionians, of or from Ionia (intrans.) rise up; continue; endure, put Ἰωνία, -ας ἡ: Ionia, Greek region on the up with; wait, pause coast of Asia Minor ἄπες = ἄφες < ἀφίημι: permit, allow καταβαίνω: go down, go down to ἀποστερέω: rob, despoil, defraud καταρτίζω: adjust; put in order; restore, βασιλήϊος = βασίλειος, -α, -ον: royal repair βούλευμα, -ατος τό: a resolution, κατέχω: hold, keep back, occupy; (int.) purpose, plan check oneself Δαρεῖος, -ου ὁ: Dareios (Darius) I the κιθών, -ῶνος ὁ: a khiton (chiton), shirt Great, third king of the Akhaimenids λυπηρός, -ή, -όν: painful δασμοφόρος, -ον: paying tribute μηχανάομαι: devise, construct, build; ἐγχειρίθετος, -ον: put into one's hands bring about εἶπε < λέγω Μιλήσιος, -α, ον: Milesian, of Miletos εἴρηκας < λέγω Μίλητος, -ου ἡ: Miletos, a Greek city ἐκδύω: strip 'x' in acc. from 'y' in acc. οἴκασι = ἐοίκασι ἐνδεής, -ές: defective, in need of + gen. ὄψις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: sight, appearance ἐνδέκομαι = ἐνδέχομαι: take on; accept; πάλαι: long ago admit; (impers.) it is possible προστάσσω: place; prescribe, command ἐπάγω: bring on Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις ἐπακούω: listen to, obey (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia ἐπιδίζημαι: seek for; demand Σαρδώ, -όος ἡ (acc. Σαρδώ): Sardo, ἐπιτρέπω: turn to Sardinia ἐπίτροπος, -ον: being in charge σεωυτός = σαυτός, -ή, -όν: yourself ἐπόμνυμι: swear to or on σμικρός, -ή, -όν: small ἐών = ὤν τάχος, -ους (-εος) τό: swiftness, speed ἑωυτοῦ = ἑαυτοῦ ὑποκινέω: move, stir; move gently ἤπειρος, -ου ἡ: a mainland, land φθέγγομαι: utter a sound ἵμερος, -ου ὁ: a longing, desire

69 V.107.1- V.108

ἀγγελία, -ας ἡ: a message κῆρυξ, -υκος ὁ: a herald ἄκρος, -α, -ον: high, outermost, Κιλικία, -ας ἡ: Kilikia, an area of Asia uppermost; ἡ ἄκρα: headland Minor to the south of Kappadokia Ἀμαθούσιοι, -ων οἱ: Amathousioi, Κληῖδες, -ων αἱ: Kleides, a northeast inhabitants of Amathous on Kypros headland of Kypros ἀνήιε = ἀνῇν < ἄνειμι: go up, reach Κύπρος, -ου ἡ: Kypros, an island in the ἀπίει = ἀφίει < ἀφίημι Mediterranean Ἀρτύβιος, -ου ὁ: Artybios, Persian μεμετιμένος = μεμεθιμένος < μεθίημι: general under Dareios I the Great set loose, let go, let fall; give up, Δαρεῖος, -ου ὁ: Dareios (Darius) I the abandon; (mid. and intrans.) let oneself Great, third king of the Akhaimenids go; be allowed to go διαβαίνω: cross, go through Ὀνήσιλος, -ου ὁ: Onesilos, brother of διαβάλλω: throw over, cross over; Gorgos, king of Salamis c. 500 slander; deceive ὀπίσω: back, behind διαπέμπω: send over or across, send in παραγίγμομαι: be present at different directions περιπλέω: sail around ἐντέλλω: order, enjoin, command Περσικός, -ή, -όν: Persian ἐξαγγέλλω: announce πολιορκέω: besiege ἐπικαλεύμενος = ἐπικαλέω: summon; προσδόκιμος, -ον: expected, looked for bring a charge against Σαλαμίνιος, -α, -ον: Salaminian, of or ἐπιτελής, -ές: accomplised, fulfilled from Salamis, a city on Kypros ἤισαν = ᾖσαν < εἶμι Σαλαμίς, -ῖνος ἡ: Salamis, a city of ἦλθε < ἔρχομαι Kypros Ἱστιαῖος, -ου ὁ: Histiaios (Histiaeus), Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις tyrant of Miletos c. 500 (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia Ἴωνες, -ων οἱ: Ionians, of or from Ionia Σοῦσα, -ων τά: Sousa, a Persian city Ἰωνία, -ας ἡ: Ionia, Greek region on the στόλος, -ου ὁ: an expedition, equipment coast of Asia Minor τόξον, -ου τό: a bow καλεῦνται = καλοῦνται ὑπισχνέομαι: take on oneself, promise

70 V.109-V.110.1

αἵρεσις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a choice Κύπριοι, -ων οἱ: Kyprians, of or from ἀμείβω: answer; exchange; pass, cross Kypros, an island in the Mediterranean ἀναμιμνήσκω: remind; recall + gen. Κύπρος, -ου ἡ: Kypros, an island in the ἀνταγωνιευμένους = Mediterranean ἀνταγωνιουμένους < ἀνταγωνίζομαι: Μῆδος, -ου ὁ: a Mede, Persian struggle against Ὀνήσιλος, -ου ὁ: Onesilos, brother of ἀντιτάσσω: line up against or opposite Gorgos, king of Salamis c. 500 ἀπολέγω: speak out, declare; pick out; ὁπότερος, -α, -ον: which forbid προσφέρω: bring, bring to, apply to; ἀποπέμπω: send, send off or away offer, propose; contribute, pay; resemble Ἀρτύβιος, -ου ὁ: Artybios, Persian + acc. of resp.; (pass.) attack, assualt; general under Dareios I the Great approach διαπειράομαι: make trial or proof of a Σαλαμίνιος, -α, -ον: Salaminian, of or thing; experience something + gen. from Salamis, a city on Kypros διατάσσω: arrange; set up in order Σολίοι, -ων οἱ: Solioi, inhabitants of δουλεύω: be a slave; serve; obey Soloi, a town on Kypros ἐθελοντής, -οῦ ὁ: a volunteer συγκαλέω: call together εἶπαν = εἶπον < λέγω τάσσω: order, appoint; arrange, set in ἐκβαίνω: go out, go out from order ἐλεύθερος, -α, -ον: free ταχθέντες < τάσσω ἕλησθε < αἱρέω Φοῖνιξ, Φοίνικος ὁ: Phoinikian, of ἐσβαίνω = εἰσβαίνω: go on board, Phoinikia, on the Mediterranean coast embark χρεών (χρεόν), -οῦ τό: a necessity ἐτάχθημεν < τάσσω χρηστός, -ή, -όν: useful; good; Ἴωνες, -ων οἱ: Ionians, of or from Ionia favorable Ἰωνία, -ας ἡ: Ionia, Greek region on the ὥρα, -ας ἡ: a Season, hour, time coast of Asia Minor

71 V.111-V.112

ἄκρος, -α, -ον: high, outermost, ὁπλίτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: hoplite uppermost; ἡ ἄκρα: headland ὁπότερος, -α, -ον: which ἀξιοχρέος, -ον: worthy, considerable παίω: strike, smite, drive away ἀπαράσσω: strike off πλέος, -α, -ον: full ἀριστεύω: be the best or bravest πλήσσω: strike, smite; confound, stun Ἀρτύβιος, -ου ὁ: Artybios, Persian προσενειχθῇ < προσφέρω general under Dareios I the Great προσφερέστερος, -α, -ον: closer, nearer ἀσπίς, -ίδος ἡ: a shield προσφέρω: bring, bring to, apply to; δόκιμος, -ον (-ος, -α, -ον): worthy, of offer, propose; contribute, pay; resemble good repute + acc. of resp.; (pass.) attack, assualt; δρέπανον, -ου τό: a sickle Σάμιοι, -ων οἱ: Samians εἶπε < λέγω στόμα, -ατος τό: a mouth ἐπιβάλλω: throw or cast on συμμίγνυμι: mix, mingle ἐπιτάσσω: put in command; order συμπεσόντα < συμπίπτω: fall, fall with ἑτοῖμος, -ον: ready, at hand; able, or together; (impers.) happen prepared (+ inf.) συνῆλθε < συνέρχομαι: go with ἥμισυς, -εια, -υ: half συντίθημι: put or place together; Ἴωνες, -ων οἱ: Ionians, of or from Ionia contrive, devise; comprehend; (mid.) Κάρ, Καρός ὁ: Karian, of or from Karia make an agreement with + dat. a region of Asia Minor, south of Lydia ὑπασπιστής, -οῦ ὁ: a shield bearer κάρτα: even, especially ὑπερβάλλω: throw over; exceed, go κατέλῃς = καθέλῃς < καθαιρέω: take beyond + dat. of resp.: ὑπερβαλεῖν down; pull down; accomplish τόλμῃ to exceed in daring; πλήθεϊ κατεργάζομαι: effect, accomplish, ὑπερβαλλόμενος with overwhelming achieve; destroy, conquer, overpower force; put off, delay κατήμενος < κάθημαι: be seated; sit ὑπηρέτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a rower λῆμα, -ατος τό: a will, desire, purpose ὑποδέκομαι = ὑποδέχομαι: receive μεταυτίκα: forthwith, thereon under; harken; listen; admit, allow μηχανή, -ῆς ἡ: a machine, contrivance Φοῖνιξ, Φοίνικος ὁ: Phoinikian, of Ὀνήσιλος, -ου ὁ: Onesilos brother of Phoinikia, on the Mediterranean coast Gorgos, king of Salamis c. 500 χρεών (χρεόν), -οῦ τό: a necessity ὀπέων = ὀπάων, -ονος: comrade

72 V.113-V.114

αἴνεσε = ᾔνεσε < αἰνέω: tell of, speak Κουρίον, -ου τό: Kourion, a Greek city of; praise on Kypros Ἀμαθοῦς, -οῦντος ἡ: Amathous, a city κρεμάννυμι: hang up on the coast of Kypros Κύπριοι, -ων οἱ: Kyprians, of or from Ἀμαθούσιοι, -ων οἱ: Amathousioi, Kypros, an island in the Mediterranean inhabitants of Amathous on Kypros Κύπρος, -ου ἡ: Kypros, an island in the ἀνακρεμάννυμι: hang up on Mediterranean ἀπικόμενος = ἀφικόμενος < μαντεύομαι: divine, prophesy ἀφικνέομαι μέλισσα, -ης ἡ: a bee ἄποικος, -ον: away; abroad; (n.) colonist ὁμοῦ: together; along with; near by + ἀπόστασις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a revolt dat. ἀποταμόντες < ἀποτέμνω: cut off, Ὀνήσιλος, -ου ὁ: Onesilos, brother of sever Gorgos, king of Salamis c. 500 Ἀριστόκυπρος, -ου ὁ: Aristokypros, πολεμιστήριος, -α, -ον: of or for a king of the Solioi c. 500 warrior ἅρμα, -ατος τό: a chariot, wagon πολιορκέω: besiege Ἀρτύβιος, -ου ὁ: Artybios, Persian προδιδοῖ = προδίδωσιν < προδίδωμι: general under Dareios I the Great give beforehand; pay in advance; betray, ἐμαντεύθη < μαντεύομαι forsake, abandon, desert; surrender, give ἐμπίπλημι = ἐμπίμπλημι: fill; satisfy up acc. of person; fill 'x' in acc. with 'y' in πύλη, -ης ἡ: a gate gen. Σαλαμίνιος, -α, -ον: Salaminian, of or ἐνέπλησε < ἐμπίμπλημι = ἐμπίπλημι from Salamis, a city on Kypros ἔπεσον < πίπτω σμικρός, -ή, -όν: small ἐσδύς < εἰσδύνω: get or crawl into Σολίοι, -ων οἱ: Solioi, inhabitants of ἐσμός, -οῦ ὁ: a swarm; swarm of bees Soloi, a town on Kypros ἑωυτόν = ἑαυτόν Σόλων, -ονος ὁ: Solon from Athens, a ἥρως, -ος ὁ or ἡ: a hero statesman, politician, and poet known θάπτω: bury, honour with funeral rites for his wisdom c. 638–558 κατελόντας = καθελόντας < καθαιρέω: Στησήνωρ, -ορος ὁ: Stesenor, a tyrant take down; pull down; accomplish of Kourion, an Argive settlement on κατυπέρτερος, -α, -ον: higher; superior, Kypros c. 500 having the upper hand συνοίσεσθαι < συμφέρω κηρίον, -ου τό: a honeycomb τετραμμένου < τρέπω κοίλος, -η, -ον: hollow Φιλοκύπρος, -ου ὁ: Philokypros, tyrant Κουριέες, -έων οἱ: Kouriees, of or from of the Soli c. 530 Kourion, a Greek city on Kypros Χέρσις, -εως (-ιος) ὁ: Khersis, a Greek and father of Onesilos, c. 520

73 V.115- V.117

Ἄβυδος, -ου ἡ: Abydos, a city of Mysia Καρία, -ας ἡ: Karia, a region of Asia on the Hellespont Minor south of Lydia ἀγγελία, -ας ἡ: a message καταδουλόω: enslave Ἀμαθούσιοι, -ων οἱ: Amathousioi, Κύπριοι, -ων οἱ: Kyprians, of or from inhabitants of Amathous on Kypros Kypros, an island in the Mediterranean ἀντέχω: hold against; withstand; suffice Κύπρος, -ου ἡ: Kypros, an island in the ἀποπλέω: sail off or away Mediterranean ἀποστρέφω: turn back Λάμψακος, -ου ἡ: Lampsakos, a city of Γόργος, -ου ὁ: Gorgos, king of Salamis Mysia on the Hellespont c. 500 ναυμαχέω: battle on the sea Δάρδανος, -ου ἡ: Dardanos, a city of the Ὀνήσιλος, -ου ὁ: Onesilos, brother of Troad near the Hellespont Gorgos, king of Salamis c. 500 Δαρεῖος, -ου ὁ: Dareios I the Great, Ὀτάνης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Otanes, Persian third king of the Akhaimenids nobleman and leader of the conspirators Δαυρίσης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Daurises, son- Παισός, -οῦ ἡ: Paisos, a city of Mysia in-law of Dareios I and Persian on the Hellespont commander c. 500 Πάριος, -α, -ον: Parian, of or from εἷλον < αἱρέω Paros, a Greek isle in the central Aegean ἐλεύθερος, -α, -ον: free πέμπτος, -η, -ον: fifth Ἑλλήσποντος, -ου ὁ: the Hellespont, Περκώτη, -ης ἡ: Perkote, a town of the narrow passage between the Aegean Mysia on the Hellespont and Marmara Seas πολιορκευμένας = πολιορκουμένας < ἐνιαυτός, -οῦ ὁ: a year πολιορκέω: besiege ἐντεῦθεν (ἐνθεῦτεν): thence, hence πέριξ: round, round about + gen. or acc.; ἐπιδιελόμενοι < ἐπιδιαιρέω: divide (adv) accordingly over again; distribute πορθέω: destroy, plunder ἐπιδιώκω: pursue, chase after Σαλαμίνιος, -α, -ον: Salaminian, of or ἐπικρατέω: command, rule over + gen.; from Salamis, a city on Kypros get possession of + dat. Σαλαμίς, -ῖνος ἡ: Salamis, a city of ἐποίευν = ἐποίουν Kypros ἐσαράσσω = εἰσαράσσω: drive, drive in Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις on (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia ἦλθε < ἔρχομαι Σόλοι, -ων ἡ: Soloi, a town on Kypros Ἴωνες, -ων οἱ: Ionians, of or from Ionia τράπω: turn Ἰωνία, -ας ἡ: Ionia, Greek region on the Ὑμαίης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Hymaies, a coast of Asia Minor Persian Κάρ, Καρός ὁ: Karian, of or from Karia ὑπορύσσω: dig; dig under; undermine a region of Asia Minor, south of Lydia

74 V.118-V.119.1

ἀπικέσθαι = ἀφικέσθαι < ἀφικνέομαι Κινδυής, Κινδυέος ἡ: Kindyes ἀπονοστέω: return home (Kindya), a town in Karia Δαυρίσης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Daurises c. 500 Λευκαί Στήλαι αἱ: the White Pillars δηλαδή: clearly Μαίανδρος, -ου ὁ: Maiandros River διαβαίνω: cross, go through Μαρσύης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Marsyas δισχίλιοι, -αι, -α: two-thousand Μαυσώλος, -ου ὁ: Mausolos c. 510 ἐκδιδοῖ = ἐκδίδωσι < ἐκδίδωμι: give μυρίος, -α, ον: numberless, infinite up, give out; exit, empty νῶτον, -ου τό: a back ἐξαγγέλλω: announce ὀπίσω: back, behind ἐσπίπτω: fall to, fall into παρεόντων = παρόντων < πάρειμι ἑσσωθέωσι = ἑσσωθῶσι < ἡσσάομαι Πιξωδάρος, -ου ὁ: Pixodaros c. 490 (ἑσσόομαι): be less or inferior; be ῥέω: flow defeated; ἡσσᾶται ὑπὸ αὐτῆς he is Συεννέσις, -εως (-ιος) ὁ: Syennesis, smaller than her king of Kilikia c. 510 Ἰδριάς, Ἰριάδος ἡ: Idrias, town in Karia συλλέγω: gather, collect; call together Κάρ, Καρός ὁ: Karian, of or from Karia συμβάλλω: dash together; attack + dat. a region of Asia Minor, south of Lydia συμβολή, -ῆς ἡ: a coming together, Καρία, -ας ἡ: Karia, a region of Asia meeting, joining Minor, south of Lydia φυγή, -ῆς ἡ: flight Κίλικες, -ων οἱ: Kilikian

75 V.119.2-V.122

ἅγιος, -α, -ον: holy Καρία, -ας ἡ: Karia, a region of Asia Αἰολίδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: son of Aiolos, καταλείπω: leave behind founder of the Aiolians κατειλήθησαν < κατειλέω: force into a ἄλσος, -ους (-εος) τό: a grove narrow space Ἀμόργης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Amorges c. 500 Κίος, -ου ἡ: Kios, a Greek city ἀνάγω: lead up; raise up, bring up Λάβραυνδα τό: Labraunda, a town in ἀναλαμβάνω: take up or back; resume; Karia undertake; restore, repair, recover λοχάω: lie in waiting; waylay, ambush ἀναμάχομαι: renew the fight λόχος, -ου ὁ: an ambush ἀρτέομαι: be prepared, make ready μετῆκαν = μεθῆκαν < μεθίημι: set ἀρχαῖος, -α, -ον: ancient, from the loose, let go; (mid. and intrans.) let beginning oneself go; be allowed to go Ἀσία, -ας ἡ: Asia Μιλήσιος, -α, ον: Milesian, of Miletos, Γέργιθαι, -ῶν οἱ: Gergithai, inhabitants a Greek city on the coast of Karia of Gergis near Troy on the Skamander Μυλασσεύς -έως (-έος) ὁ: of or from Γύγης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Gyges, king of Mylasa, a Karian city of Asia Minor Lydia from 716 to 678 Μύρσος, -ου ὁ: Myrsos, Lydian Δαυρίσης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Daurises Μυσίος, -η, -ον: Mysian, of or from διαφεύγω: flee, escape Mysia in northwest Asia Minor διεφθάρησαν < διαφθείρω ὁρμέαται = ὥρμηνται < ὁρμάω εἷλε < αἱρέω ὁπότερος, -α, -ον: which ἐκλείπω: leave out; omit; abandon παραγίγμομαι: be present at Ἑλλήσποντος, -ου ὁ: the Hellespont, παράπας, -πασα, -παν: altogether; the narrow passage between the Aegean (adv.) absolutely and Marmara Seas πεσόντων < πίπτω ἐμπεσόντες < ἐμπίπτω: fall on; burst in Πηδάσος, -ου ἡ: Pedasos ἐντεῦθεν (ἐνθεῦτεν): thence, hence πλατάνιστος, -ου ἡ: a plane tree ἐξελών < ἐξαιρέω: take out; choose πλήσσω: strike, smite; confound, stun ἐπιδιώκω: pursue, chase after Προποντίς, -ίδος ἡ: Propontis, a sea ἐπιοῦσι < ἔπειμι: come upon; approach; connecting the Aegean and the Black sea go against, attack Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις ἐπλήγησαν < πλήσσω (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia ἑσσώθησαν < ἡσσάομαι Σισιμάκης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Sisimakes Ἡρακλείδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: of Herakles στράτιος, -α, -ον: of an army ἡσσάομαι (ἑσσόομαι): be less or συμβάλλω: throw together, dash inferior; be defeated; ἡσσᾶται ὑπὸ αὐτῆς together; attack + dat. he is smaller than her Τευκροί, -ῶν οἱ: Teukrians, inhabiting θυσία, -ας ἡ: a burnt-offering, sacrifice the Troad of Asia Minor Ἰβανώλλις, -ιος ὁ: Ibanollis, a Persian Τρῳάς, -άδος ἡ: Trojan ἴδμεν < οἶδα τρῶμα = τραῦμα, -ατος τό: a wound Ἰλιάς, -άδος ἡ: Ilium, Troy Ὑμαίης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Hymaies, a ἱρός = ἱερός Persian Κάρ, Καρός ὁ: Karian, of or from Karia ὑπολείπω: leave remaining a region of Asia Minor, south of Lydia ὑπολειφθέντας < ὑπολείπω

76 V.123-V.125

Αἰολεύς, -έως ὁ: Aiolean, one of the κρησφύγετον, -ου τό: a place of refuge four major tribes of Greece Κύμη, -ης ἡ: Kyme, an Aiolian city Αἰολίδης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: son of Aiolos, close to Lydia founder of the Aiolians Λέρος, -ου ἡ: Leros, Greek island in the ἄκρος, -α, -ον: high, outermost, south of the Aegean off the coast of Asia uppermost; ἡ ἄκρα: headland; ψυχὴν Minor ἄκρος: courageous λογοποιός, -όν: word-making ἀποικία, -ας ἡ: a colony, settlement Μιλήσιος, -α, ον: Milesian, of Miletos, Ἀρισταγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Aristagores a Greek city on the coast of Karia (Aristagoras), governor of Miletos Μίλητος, -ου ἡ: Miletos, a Greek city Ἀρταφρένης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Artaphrenes, Μύρκινος, -ου ἡ: Myrkinos, a city in brother of Dareios I and satrap of Sardis Makedonia near Lake Prasias Δαρεῖος, -ου ὁ: Dareios (Darius) I the οἰκοδομέω: build, construct Great, third king of the Akhaimenids ὁρέων = ὁράων διαδείκνυμι: show plainly Ὀτάνης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Otanes, Persian δρησμός, -οῦ ὁ: a running away, flight nobleman and leader of the conspirators δωρεά, -ᾶς ἡ: a gift, present οὐδέτερος, -α, -ον: neither of two, none ἐγκεράννυμι: mix προσεχής, -ές: next to Ἑκαταῖος, -ου ὁ: Hekataios (Hecataeus) Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις of Miletos, a historian c. 500 (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia ἐκπέσῃ < ἐκπίπτω: fall out, lose, be Σαρδώ, -όος ἡ (acc. Σαρδώ): Sardo, banished Sardinia ἐξωθέω: thrust out στέλλω: make ready; provide, equip; ἐπειρωτάω: consult, ask start, set forth ἐτάχθησαν < τάσσω συγκαλέω: call together Ἡγησάνδρος, -ου ὁ: Hegesandros συστασιώτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a member of Ἠδωνοί, -ῶν οἱ: Edonoi, inhabitants of the same faction, partisan Thrakia ταράσσω: stir trouble ἡσυχία, -ας ἡ: a calmness, peace τειχέω: build a wall; construct Ἱστιαῖος, -ου ὁ: Histiaios (Histiaeus), ὕπαρχος, -ου ὁ: a lieutenant, tyrant of Miletos c. 500 commander under another Ἰωνία, -ας ἡ: Ionia, Greek region on the ὑπερβάλλω: throw over; exceed, go coast of Asia Minor beyond + dat. of resp.: ὑπερβαλεῖν κατελεύσεσθαι < κατέρχομαι: go τόλμῃ to exceed in daring; πλήθεϊ down; return ὑπερβαλλόμενος with overwhelming Κλαζομεναί, -ῶν αἱ: Klazomenai, a force; put off, delay Greek city on the coast of Ionia

77 V.126

ἀπάγω: lead away, carry off Ἀρισταγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Aristagores (Aristagoras), governor of Miletos ἀστός, -οῦ ὁ: a townsman, townsperson δόκιμος, -ον (-ος, -α, -ον): worthy, of good repute Ἑκαταῖος, -ου ὁ: Hekataios (Hecataeus) of Miletos, a historian c. 500 ἐξιέναι < ἔξειμι: go from; depart ἐπιτράπω: turn to ἐστάλη < στέλλω Θρηΐκη, -ης = Θρᾴκη, -ης: Thrake (Thrace) Θρῆϊξ, Θρήϊκος ὁ = Θρᾷξ, Θρᾳκός ὁ: a Thrakian (Thracian) Μίλητος, -ου ἡ: Miletos, a Greek city Μύρκινος, -ου ἡ: Myrkinos, a city in Makedonia near Lake Prasias παραλαμβάνω: take; receive περικατήμενος = περικάθημαι: sit round, beseige Πυθαγόρης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Pythagores, a citizen of Miletos c. 500 στέλλω: make ready; provide, equip; start, set forth συμβουλεύω: plot, plan, advise ὑπόσπονδος, -ον: under a truce

78