Running Vocabulary for Herodotus, Histories, Book V: Text, Commentary, and Vocabulary Philip S. Peek V.1.1-V.1.3 ἀντικατιζόμενοι = ἀντικαθιζόμενοι < Μεγάβαζος, -ου ὁ: Megabazos, Persian ἀντικαθίζω: sit opposite general serving under Dareios I c. 500 βώσαντες < βοάω: cry aloud, shout μουνομαχίη, -ης ἡ: a single combat Δαρεῖος, -ου ὁ: Dareios (Darius) I the ὀνομαστί: by name Great, third king of the Akhaimenids; Παίονες, -ων οἱ: Paionians, of or from according to Herodotus and the Behistun Paionia, a region of Thrake inscription he defeated the Magi to come παιωνίζω: chant the paean to power c. 550–486 περιεφθέντας < περιέπω: treat, handle; εἶπαν = εἶπον < λέγω tend take care of ἔλιπον < λείπω Περινθίος, -α, -ον: a Pernithian, of or Ἑλλήσποντος, -ου ὁ: the Hellespont, from Perinthos the narrow passage between the Aegean προάστειον, -ου τό: the space and Marmara Seas immediately in front of ἐνετέταλτο < ἐντέλλω: order, enjoin, πρόκλησις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a calling command forth, challenge ἐπιβοάω: call on Στρυμών, -όνος ὁ: Strymon River in ἐπικαλέω: summon; bring a charge northern Greece against συμβάλλω: throw together, dash ἐπιτελέω: complete, finish together; attack + dat. ἐπιχειρέω: put one's hand to or on τρηχέως: roughly, harshly Εὐρώπη, -ης ἡ: Europe τριφάσιος, -η, -ον: triple ἡμέτερος, -α, -ον: our ὑπήκοος, -ον: hearkening, being καταλείπω: leave behind obedient, subject to + gen. καταστρέφω: turn down; overturn, χρησμός, -οῦ ὁ: an oracular response, subdue, trample on oracle κεχαρηκότες < χαίρω χρηστήριον, -ου τό: an oracle κύων, κυνός ὁ or ἡ: a dog 1 V.2.1-V.6.2 ἀγεννής, -ές: low-born Ἰνδοί, -ῶν οἱ: Indoi, Indians ἀθανατίζω: be immortal, deathless καταστρέφω: turn down; overturn, subdue, ἄμαχος, -ον: invincible, without battle trample on ἀμήχανος, -ον: without resource κατύπερθε: from above, above, before + gen. ἀναπλῆσαι < ἀναπίμπλημι: fill up or full; κέκριται < κρίνω fulfill; accomplish; appease κράτιστος, -η, -ον: strongest ἀνηγέομαι: tell, relate Κρηστωναῖοι, -ων οἱ: Krestonians, a Thrakian tribe ἀνθρωπήιος, -α, -ον: mortal, human κρίσις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a decision ἀπογίγνομαι: be, be from, be away κρύπτω: hide, cover; bend, stoop ἄπορος, -ον: without passage ληϊστύς, -ύος ἡ: a plundering ἀργός, -ή, -όν: not working the ground μέγιστος, -η, -ον: biggest, greatest ἀσθενέης, -ες = ἀσθενής, -ές: weak μίσγω = μίγνυμι ἄστικτος, -η, -ον: not marked with οἰκηιότατος, -η, -ον: most domestic; ἀτιμότατος, -η, -ον: most unhonored, belonging most to the house; most of all one's dishonored own Γέται, -έων οἱ: Getai, a Thrakian tribe ὀλοφύρομαι: lament, wail; pity 'x' in acc. for γονεύς, -έως ὁ: a begetter, father 'y' in the accusative ἐγγίγνομαι: be, be in, happen ὄνειδος, -ους (-εος) τό: a report; reproach, ἐγκωμιάζω: praise rebuke, censure, blame εἴρηται < λέγω παίζω: play, sport, dance ἐλευθερία, -ας ἡ: freedom, liberty Παίονες, -ων οἱ: Paionians, of or from ἐντέλλω: order, enjoin, command Paionia, a region of Thrake ἐξαγωγή, -ῆς ἡ: a leading out παραπλήσιος, -α, -ον: resembling, similar, same ἐξαπαλάσσω: free, remove, release περιίζομαι: sit round ἐπεάν: when, whenever Περινθίος, -α, -ον: a Perinthian, of or from ἐπικρατέω: command, rule over + gen.; Perinthos get possession of + dat. Πέρινθος, -ου ἡ: Perinthos, a city on the north ἐπιλέγω: say; pick out, choose; (mid.) coast of the Propontis and a colony of the Samians read ποιεῦσι = ποιοῦσι ἐπιτελέω: complete, finish πωλεῦσι = πωλoῦσι < πωλέω: sell ἐργάτης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a workman σπουδή, -ῆς ἡ: an eagerness, earnestness ἐστίχθαι < στίζω: mark, tattoo συνθάπτω: bury together, join in burying εὐγενής, -ές: well-born, noble σφάζω: slay, cut the throat, slaughter εὐδαιμονία, -ας ἡ: good fortune τάφος, -ου ὁ: a burial, tomb ἑωυτῆς = ἑαυτῆς τέλλω: accomplish, arise ζῆν = ζάειν < ζάω Τραυσοί, -ῶν οἱ: Trausoi, a Thrakian people ἥδομαι: delight in; take pleasure, rejoice; φιλέω: love, kiss be delighted with + dat. χειρόω: handle, worst, master, subdue ἡμερόω: tame ὠνέομαι: buy, purchase Θρῆϊξ, Θρήϊκος ὁ = Θρᾷξ, Θρᾳκός ὁ: a Thrakian (Thracian) 2 V.7.1-V.9.1 ἄεθλον, -ου τό: a contest, prize κατακαύσαντες < κατακαίω: burn ἄπειρος, -η, -ον: boundless, infinite completely Ἄρης, -ους (-εος) ὁ: Ares, god of war κρύπτω: hide, cover; bend Ἄρτεμις, -ιδος ἡ: Artemis, hunter and Μηδικός, -ή, -όν: Median protector of animals μονομαχία, -ας ἡ: a single combat ἀτρεκής, -ές: strict, precise, exact μοῦνος = μόνος Βορέας, -ου (-εω) ὁ: north wind νεκρός, -οῦ ὁ: a corpse Διόνυσος, -ου ὁ: Dionysos, god of wine ὄμνυμι: swear ἐοῦσα = οὖσα < εἰμί οὔνομα = ὄνομα ἐπιφανέστατος, -η, -ον: very much παντοῖος, -η, -ον: of all sorts, manifold; coming to light, coming suddenly take all shapes i.e. try every expedient into view, appearing παρθένος, -ου ἡ: a maiden, girl ἐρῆμος, -η, -ον or -ος, -ον: desolate, πέρην: on the other side, across lonely, solitary προκλαύσαντες < προκλαίω: weep Ἑρμῆς, -οῦ (-έω) ὁ: Hermes, a god beforehand ἐσθής, -ῆτος ἡ: clothing, raiment προτιθεῖσι = προτιθέασι < προτίθημι: εὐδαίμων, -ον: blessed with a good place before; set before; display; offer genius πυθέσθαι < πυνθάνομαι εὐωχέω: entertain sumptuously σέβομαι: feel awe or fear; feel shame; ἑωυτούς = ἑαυτούς be afraid; worship, honor Θρῆϊξ, Θρήϊκος ὁ = Θρᾷξ, Θρᾳκός ὁ: Σιγύνναι, -ῶν οἱ: the Sigynnai, a people a Thrakian (Thracian) dwelling to the north of the Danube ἱρήϊον = ἱερεῖον, -ου τό: a victim, σφάζω: slay, cut the throat, slaughter animal for sacrifice ταφή, -ῆς ἡ: a burial, tomb Ἴστρος, -ου ὁ: Istros (Ister or Danube), τιθεῖσι = τιθέασι < τίθημι a river running from Germany to the χέω: pour Black Sea χῶμα, -ατος τό: earth thrown up; a bank, mound; breakwater 3 V.9.2- V.11.1 ἀγχοῦ: near + gen. or dat. κατήκειν = καθήκειν < καθήκω: come, Ἀδρία, -ας: the Adriatic, west of Greece go; come or go down αἵρεσις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: a choice κατήκοος, -α, -ον: listening to; obeying; ἀοίκητος, -ον: not inhabited subject to + gen. ἀπίκετο = ἀφίκετο < ἀφικνέομαι Κώης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Koës, from Mytilene ἄποικος, -ον: away; abroad; (n.) colonist λάσιος, -α, -ον: hairy, hirsute ἄρκτος, -ου ὁ or ἡ: a bear; the North Λίγυες, -ων οἱ: Ligues, inhabitants of ἅρμα, -ατος τό: a chariot, wagon Liguria of northern Italy ἁρματηλατέω: drive a chariot μακρός, -ά, -όν: long ἅτε (conj. οr adv.): since Μασσαλίη, -ης ἡ: Massalie, Italy βάθος, -ους τό: a depth Μεγάβαζος, -ου ὁ: Megabazos, Persian δάκτυλος, -ου ὁ: a finger general serving under Dareios I c. 500 διαβάς < διαβαίνω: cross, go through μέλισσα, -ης ἡ: a bee διελθεῖν < διέρχομαι: go, go through μεταπέμπω: send, send after, summon δόρυ, -ατος τό: a spear Μῆδος, -ου ὁ: a Mede, Persian δύσριγος, -ον: unable to endure cold Μυτιλήναιος, -α, -ον: Mytilenian, of or Ἑλλήσποντος, -ου ὁ: the Hellespont, from Mytilene, a city on Lesbos the narrow passage between the Aegean οἰκότα = ἐοικότα < ἔοικα and Marmara Seas ὀξύτατος, -η, -ον: most swift, sharp Ἐνετοί, -ῶν οἱ: Enetoi or Venetoi, οὖρος, -ου ὁ = ὄρος, -ου ὁ: a boundary inhabitants of north eastern Italy παραθαλάσσιος, -α, -ον (-ος, -ον): by ἐπιφράζω: tell, think, consider the sea; coastal ἐπιχώριος, -α, -ον: indigenous παραίνεσις, -εως (-ιος) ἡ: advice, εὐεργεσία, -ας ἡ: a good deed counsel ζεύγνυμι: yoke, join πέντε: (indecl.) five Θρῆϊξ, Θρήϊκος ὁ: a Thrakian πέρην: beyond, on the other side, across (Thracian) προσωτέρω: beyond, further θρίξ, τριχός ἡ: hair Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις Ἱστιαῖος, -ου ὁ: Histiaios (Histiaeus), (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia tyrant of Miletos c. 500 σιγύννης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a spear; Ἴστρος, -ου ὁ: Istros (Ister or Danube), merchant; huckster a river running from Germany to the σιμός, -ή, -όν: flat-nosed, steep Black Sea σμικρός = μικρός κάπηλος, -ου ὁ: a merchant; thief τάχιστα: most swiftly ψῦχος, -ους (-εος) τό: cold, frigidity 4 V.11.2- V.12.4 ἄγγος, -ους (-εος) τό: a vessel λίνον, -ου τό: anything made of flax ἀνάσπαστος, -ον: dragged up or back Λύδιος, -α, -ον: Lydian, of or from ἀπικνέονται = ἀφικνέονται < Lydia, centrally located in Asia Minor ἀφικνέομαι Λυδός, -ή, -όν: Lydian, of or from ἄρδω: water Lydia, centrally located in Asia Minor Ἀσία, -ας ἡ: Asia Μαντύης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Mantyes, a ἅτε (conj. οr adv.): as, just as; since, Paionian because; as if Μεγάβαζος, -ου ὁ: Megabazos, Persian ἄτρακτος, -ου ὁ: a spindle general serving under Dareios I c. 500 βραχίων, -ονος ὁ: an arm Μίλητος, -ου ἡ: Miletos, a Greek city Δαρεῖος, -ου ὁ: Dareios (Darius) I the Μύρκινος, -ου ἡ: Myrkinos, a city in Great, third king of the Akhaimenids Makedonia near Lake Prasias δημότης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: a citizen, private Μυτιλήνη, -ης ἡ: Mytilene, a city citizen ὄπισθε: after, behind διέβη < διαβαίνω: cross, go through οὐδαμοῦ: nowhere, in no way δορυφόρος, -ου ὁ: a spear-bearer, guard Παίονες, -ων οἱ: Paionians, of or from εἵλοντο < αἱρέω Paionia, a region of Thrake ἑλόντα < αἱρέω παρεξήιε = παρεξῄει < παρέξειμι: go ἐμπίπλημι: fill quite full out, pass, overstep, transgress ἐντέλλω: order, enjoin, command Περσικός, -ή, -όν: Persian ἐπέλκω = ἐφέλκω πῃ: someway, somehow ἐπιθυμέω: set one's heart on Πίγρης, -εως ὁ: Pigres from Paionia ἐπιμελής, -ές: careful, attentive; (+ dat.) προάστειον, -ου τό: the space be a care to immediately in front of εὐειδής, -ές: good-looking, well- προκατίζω = προκαθίζω: sit before formed; well-shaped, comely προσχρηίζω: require; desire, Εὐρώπη, -ης ἡ: Europe προσχρῄζω σου ἐλθεῖν: I desire you to ἐφέλκω: drag come ἐών = ὤν < εἰμί Σάρδεις, -εων (-ιων) αἱ (Σάρδις Ἠδωνοί, -ῶν οἱ: Edonoi, inhabitants of (acc.)): Sardis, capital of Lydia Thrakia σκευάζω: prepare, make ready ἦρσε < ἄρδω στρέφω: turn ἰδόμενον < ὁράω τελέω: accomplish, complete Ἱστιαῖος, -ου ὁ: Histiaios (Histiaeus), τοιόσδε, τοιήδε, τοιόνδε: such as this tyrant of Miletos c. 500 τράπω = τρέπω: turn κλώθω: twist by spinning, spin τυραννεύω: be tyrant, rule κτίζω: found τυραννίς, -ίδος ἡ: a tyranny Κώης, -ου (-εω) ὁ: Koës, from Mytilene 5 V.13.1-V.14.2 ἀδελφεή = ἀδελφή, -ῆς ἡ: a sister ἰέναι < εἶμι ἀμείβω: answer; exchange; pass, cross κατάσκοπος, -ου ὁ: one who ἄποικος, -ον: away; abroad; (n.) colonist reconnoitres, scout, spy αὐτίκα: immediately κεινῇσι < κεῖνος, -η, -ον: that, those ἄχθη < ἄγω Μεγάβαζος, -ου ὁ: Megabazos, Persian βυβλίον, -ου τό: a book general serving under Dareios I c.