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Zheng Xiang Daniel R. Fesenmaier Editors Concepts and Methods Tourism on the Verge Zheng Xiang Daniel R. Fesenmaier Editors Analytics in Smart Tourism Design Concepts and Methods Tourism on the Verge Series editors Pauline J. Sheldon University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Daniel R. Fesenmaier University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13605 Zheng Xiang • Daniel R. Fesenmaier Editors Analytics in Smart Tourism Design Concepts and Methods Editors Zheng Xiang Daniel R. Fesenmaier Department of Hospitality and National Laboratory for Tourism & eCommerce Tourism Management Department of Tourism, Recreation and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Sport Management State University University of Florida Blacksburg, Virginia Gainesville, Florida USA USA ISSN 2366-2611 ISSN 2366-262X (electronic) Tourism on the Verge ISBN 978-3-319-44262-4 ISBN 978-3-319-44263-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-44263-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016955413 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland Acknowledgments I wrote my doctoral thesis nine years ago under the supervision of Dan Fesenmaier at Temple University. In it I used search results from Google and user queries from several search engines to examine the structure and characteristics of the so-called online tourism domain. Looking back, my thesis was purely “descriptive” using “secondary” data, which would most likely be viewed as “unorthodox” back then. Today, many of the analytical approaches to understanding the new reality, which is constantly being shaped by information technology, have grown to dominate our everyday conversations about the meaning of knowledge creation. Since my grad- uation, I have been working with a number of colleagues worldwide on different types of research problems related to IT in travel and tourism, many of which can now be characterized as “data analytics.” While I have benefited a lot from my collaborators in the works we published together, Dan’s influence and support has been tremendous throughout my intellectual development. Notwithstanding his relentless pursuit of rigor and excellence, Dan has huge impact on my way of looking at the world, particularly with his open-mindedness to research and will- ingness to learn new things no matter how outlandish they appear at the beginning. This book embodies, primarily, Dan’s idea of “moving forward” within the realms of technology, data, design of tourism experience, and the emerging topic of smart tourism. Besides, I would also like to thank the contributors of this book. While some of them are well-established scholars around the world, several authors are actually quite young, who represent the future of research. I am grateful for the privilege of working with them on this project. Zheng Xiang Virginia Tech, USA The origins of this book lie with my early years at Texas A&M University where in 1985 we designed something called the Texas Travel Research Information System (TTRIP), over twenty years of the research conducted by students and staff of the v vi Acknowledgments National Laboratory for Tourism & eCommerce (NLTeC) and with the many researchers associated with the International Federation of Information Technology and Tourism (IFITT) and its annual ENTER conference. Indeed, the foundations of big data, smart systems, and tourism design were imagined by Clare Gunn and others long ago but now have been actualized by many scholars including Hannes Werthner, Arno Scharl, Matthias Fuchs, Wolfram Hopken,€ Zheng (Phil) Xiang some years ago, and others included in this book, wherein this work has coalesced into a defined field. In this acknowledgment, I would like to thank all the Ph.D. students associated with Texas A&M University and NLTeC during this time including Seong Il Kim, Wes Roehl, James Jeng, Christine Vogt, Kelly MacKay, Yeong-Hyeon Hwang, Ulrike Gretzel, Raymond Wang, Bing Pan, Dan Wang, Florian Zach, Sangwon Park, Jamie Kim, Jason Stienmetz, and Yeongbae Choe for all their hard work, creativity, and support and for their dedication to helping shape the future of tourism research. And, I would like to thank all my colleagues at IFITT and ENTER who I have had the privilege to meet and to learn from during this time. Last, I thank Phil for coordinating this particular volume and all the excellent scholars giving voice to the visions set forth so long ago. Daniel R. Fesenmaier The University of Florida, USA Contents Analytics in Tourism Design ................................. 1 Zheng Xiang and Daniel R. Fesenmaier Part I Travel Demand Analytics Predicting Tourist Demand Using Big Data ...................... 13 Haiyan Song and Han Liu Travel Demand Modeling with Behavioral Data .................. 31 Juan L. Nicolau Part II Analytics in Everyday Life and Travel Measuring Human Senses and the Touristic Experience: Methods and Applications .......................................... 47 Jeongmi (Jamie) Kim and Daniel R. Fesenmaier The Quantified Traveler: Implications for Smart Tourism Development ............................................. 65 Yeongbae Choe and Daniel R. Fesenmaier Part III Tourism Geoanalytics Geospatial Analytics for Park & Protected Land Visitor Reservation Data .................................................... 81 Stacy Supak, Gene Brothers, Ladan Ghahramani, and Derek Van Berkel GIS Monitoring of Traveler Flows Based on Big Data .............. 111 Dong Li and Yang Yang vii viii Contents Part IV Web and Social Media Analytics: Concepts and Methods Sensing the Online Social Sphere Using a Sentiment Analytical Approach ................................................ 129 Wolfram Hopken,€ Matthias Fuchs, Th. Menner, and Maria Lexhagen Estimating the Effect of Online Consumer Reviews: An Application of Count Data Models ...................................... 147 Sangwon Park Tourism Intelligence and Visual Media Analytics for Destination Management Organizations .................................. 165 Arno Scharl, Lidjia Lalicic, and Irem O¨ nder Online Travel Reviews: A Massive Paratextual Analysis ............ 179 Estela Marine-Roig Conceptualizing and Measuring Online Behavior Through Social Media Metrics ............................................ 203 Bing Pan and Ya You Part V Case Studies in Web and Social Media Analytics Sochi Olympics on Twitter: Topics, Geographical Landscape, and Temporal Dynamics .................................... 215 Andrei P. Kirilenko and Svetlana O. Stepchenkova Leveraging Online Reviews in the Hotel Industry ................. 235 Selina Wan and Rob Law Evaluating Destination Communications on the Internet ............ 253 Elena Marchiori and Lorenzo Cantoni Market Intelligence: Social Media Analytics and Hotel Online Reviews ................................................. 281 Zheng Xiang, Zvi Schwartz, and Muzaffer Uysal Part VI Closing Remarks Big Data Analytics, Tourism Design and Smart Tourism ............ 299 Zheng Xiang and Daniel R. Fesenmaier List of Contributors Zheng Xiang is Associate Professor in the Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. His research interests include travel information search, social media marketing, and business analytics for the tourism and hospitality industries. He is a recipient of Emerging Scholar of Distinction award by the International Academy for the Study of Tourism and board member of International Federation for IT and Travel & Tourism (IFITT). He is currently Director of Research and Awards for the Inter- national Federation for IT and Travel & Tourism (IFITT). Daniel R. Fesenmaier is Professor and Director of the National Laboratory for Tourism & eCommerce, Eric Friedheim Tourism Institute, Department of Tourism, Recreation and Sport Management, University of Florida. He is author, coauthor, and coeditor of several books focusing on information technology and tourism marketing including Tourism Information Technology. He teaches and conducts research focusing on the role of information technology in travel decisions, adver- tising evaluation, and the design of tourism places. Gene Brothers, Ph.D. is Associate Professor in the Equitable and Sustainable Tourism Management Program at North Carolina State University in the USA. His career has been focused on university
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