Borders, Markets, and Technology in West Africa
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Legacies of Colonialism and Islam for Hausa Women: an Historical Analysis, 1804-1960
Legacies of Colonialism and Islam for Hausa Women: An Historical Analysis, 1804-1960 by Kari Bergstrom Michigan State University Winner of the Rita S. Gallin Award for the Best Graduate Student Paper in Women and International Development Working Paper #276 October 2002 Abstract This paper looks at the effects of Islamization and colonialism on women in Hausaland. Beginning with the jihad and subsequent Islamic government of ‘dan Fodio, I examine the changes impacting Hausa women in and outside of the Caliphate he established. Women inside of the Caliphate were increasingly pushed out of public life and relegated to the domestic space. Islamic law was widely established, and large-scale slave production became key to the economy of the Caliphate. In contrast, Hausa women outside of the Caliphate were better able to maintain historical positions of authority in political and religious realms. As the French and British colonized Hausaland, the partition they made corresponded roughly with those Hausas inside and outside of the Caliphate. The British colonized the Caliphate through a system of indirect rule, which reinforced many of the Caliphate’s ways of governance. The British did, however, abolish slavery and impose a new legal system, both of which had significant effects on Hausa women in Nigeria. The French colonized the northern Hausa kingdoms, which had resisted the Caliphate’s rule. Through patriarchal French colonial policies, Hausa women in Niger found they could no longer exercise the political and religious authority that they historically had held. The literature on Hausa women in Niger is considerably less well developed than it is for Hausa women in Nigeria. -
International Journal of Language, Literature and Gender Studies (LALIGENS), Bahir Dar- Ethiopia Vol
1 LALIGENS, VOL. 8(2), S/N 18, AUGUST/SEPT., 2019 International Journal of Language, Literature and Gender Studies (LALIGENS), Bahir Dar- Ethiopia Vol. 8 (2), Serial No 18, August/Sept., 2019:1-12 ISSN: 2225-8604(Print) ISSN 2227-5460 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/laligens.v8i2.1 BABEL OF NIGER STATE 1IHENACHO, A. A., JAMIU, A. M., AGU, M. N., EBINE, S. A., ADELABU, S. & OBI, E. F. Faculty of Languages and Communication Studies IBB University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria 1+2348127189382 [email protected] Abstract This paper is a preliminary report on an ongoing research being carried out in the Faculty of Languages and Communication Studies of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria. The research is on ‘Language education and translation in Niger State’. The languages involved in the research are: Arabic, English, French, Gbagyi, Hausa and Nupe. The aim of this research which is funded by the Nigerian Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) is ‘to help improve the outcome of language education and translation in Niger State in both quality and quantity’ As a preliminary inquiry, the research team visited 78 institutions of learning at all levels (primary, secondary and tertiary) in all the three geopolitical zones of Niger State, as well as media houses located in the capital, Minna, and obtained responses to the questionnaires they took to the institutions. While pursuing the aim and objectives of their main research, the team deemed it necessary to consider the position (and the plight) of the multiplicity of other languages of Niger State (than the three major ones – Gbagyi, Hausa and Nupe) in relation to Nigeria’s language policy in education. -
LET4CAP Law Enforcement Training for Capacity Building NIGER
Co-funded by the Internal Security Fund of the European Union LAW ENFORCEMENT TRAINING FOR CAPACITY BUILDING LET4CAP Law Enforcement Training for Capacity Building NIGER Downloadable Country Booklet DL. 2.5 (Ve 1.2) Dissemination level: PU Let4Cap Grant Contract no.: HOME/ 2015/ISFP/AG/LETX/8753 Start date: 01/11/2016 Duration: 33 months Dissemination Level PU: Public X PP: Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission) RE: Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission) Revision history Rev. Date Author Notes 1.0 20/03/2018 SSSA Overall structure and first draft 1.1 06/05/2018 SSSA Second version after internal feedback among SSSA staff 1.2 09/05/2018 SSSA Final version version before feedback from partners LET4CAP_WorkpackageNumber 2 Deliverable_2.5 VER1.2 WorkpackageNumber 2 Deliverable Deliverable 2.5 Downloadable country booklets VER V. 1 . 2 2 NIGER Country Information Package 3 This Country Information Package has been prepared by Eric REPETTO and Claudia KNERING, under the scientific supervision of Professor Andrea de GUTTRY and Dr. Annalisa CRETA. Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy www.santannapisa.it LET4CAP, co-funded by the Internal Security Fund of the European Union, aims to contribute to more consistent and efficient assistance in law enforcement capacity building to third countries. The Project consists in the design and provision of training interventions drawn on the experience of the partners and fine-tuned after a piloting and consolidation phase. © 2018 by LET4CAP All rights reserved. 4 Table of contents 1. Country Profile 1.1Country in Brief 1.2Modern and Contemporary History of Niger 1.3 Geography 1.4Territorial and Administrative Units 1.5 Population 1.6Ethnic Groups, Languages, Religion 1.7Health 1.8Education and Literacy 1.9Country Economy 2. -
ECFG-Niger-2020R.Pdf
About this Guide This guide is designed to prepare you to deploy to culturally complex environments and achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information contained within will help you understand the cultural dimension of your assigned location and gain skills necessary for success. The guide consists of 2 parts: ECFG Part 1 introduces “Culture General,” the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any global environment (Photos courtesy of IRIN News 2012 © Jaspreet Kindra). Niger Part 2 presents “Culture Specific” Niger, focusing on unique cultural features of Nigerien society and is designed to complement other pre- deployment training. It applies culture-general concepts to help increase your knowledge of your assigned deployment location. For further information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFCLC/ or contact AFCLC’s Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the expressed permission of the AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources as indicated. GENERAL CULTURE CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments. A culture is the sum of all of the beliefs, values, behaviors, and symbols that have meaning for a society. All human beings have culture, and individuals within a culture share a general set of beliefs and values. -
Sketch-Map Illustrating the Special Agreement Seising the International Court of Justice
- 96 - Sketch-map illustrating the Special Agreement seising the International Court of Justice Tillabéry Tripoint a and b: sectors agreed between the Parties 1 and 2: sectors disputed by the Parties 1: Téra sector 2: Say sector Tripoint: meeting point of Tillabéry, Say and Dori cercles This sketch-map is for illustrative purposes only 4 February 2011 - 97 - 7.6. The area is characterized by the presence of abundant wildlife. Its southern part includes one of the most important wildlife reserves in West Africa: the Niger W Regional Park 291 , which covers 1 million hectares on the territories of Niger, Burkina Faso and Benin. Outside the area of the park, towards the River Sirba, herds of elephant, buffalo and warthog can be met with, as well as groups of lion, hyena and leopard, which makes the conduct of human activity problematic in the area. The region’s watercourses and pools were long infested with tsetse flies, causing blindness among humans and animals. This parasite was eradicated several decades ago. But previously, the presence of tsetse fly and poisonous snakes resulted in the relocation of many villages, or even their disappearance. 7.7. In human terms, the Say/Fada region is lightly populated. It is subject to constant regional transhumance. This is of three kinds: major transhumance, which consists of movements over very long distances, generally practiced by the Bororo and related Peulhs; minor transhumance, a movement over short and medium distances, generally carried out in order to exploit the pastureland beside rivers and pools; commercial transhumance, involving small flocks, for the purpose of increasing milk production and taking advantage of the pasturage provided by fallow croplands. -
1 Syntax Jochen Zeller (University of Kwazulu-Natal) Draft (Version April
Zeller, Jochen. 2020. Syntax. In: Rainer Vossen and Gerrit J. Dimmendal (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of African Languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 66-87. Syntax Jochen Zeller (University of KwaZulu-Natal) Draft (Version April 2016) 1 Introduction In this chapter I present an overview of the basic, and what I consider the most intriguing, syntactic properties of the languages spoken on the African continent. I discuss the major syntactic word categories and general aspects of word order typology, but I also address specific topics that have attracted considerable attention in the fields of African linguistics and theoretical syntax, including topic and focus constructions, wh-questions, serial verbs and the passive. In this review, I highlight those syntactic phenomena that are mainly or exclusively found in African languages, such as e.g. logophoricity, or the so-called “verb medial” (S−Aux−O−V−X) constituent order. Occasionally, I also mention prominent generative analyses of the constructions I review.1 5.2 The sentence: basic constituent order The “basic” order of constituents in a language is typically defined by the position of subject (S), verb (V), and object (O) in declarative, affirmative, active main clauses which are morphologically and pragmatically unmarked.2 According to Heine (1976, 2008), the proportion of languages with S−V−O constituent order is much higher in Africa than globally; it is the basic order of approximately 71% of African languages (Heine 2008:5). S−V−O languages are common in all four phyla. The majority of the Niger-Congo languages is S−V−O; in fact, this constituent order is almost without exception in the Atlantic and Bantu branches (Heine 1976; Watters 2000). -
AFRICA in Today's World
AFRICA IN TODAY’S WORLD MAX COLEMAN SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY ONLINE Published in 2015 in South Africa by South African History Online, 349 Albert Road, Woodstock, 7925 Cape Town (c) South African History Online All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, stored in retrieval systems, or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission of publishers. ISBN: 978-0-620-66045-7 Design and layout: Ian Africa and Omar Badsha Cover Design: Ian Africa and Omar Badsha Printed and bound in South Africa by Mega Digital (Pty) Ltd. CONTENTS 1. POPULATION 2. COUNTRIES 3. INSTITUTIONS 4. THE HUMAN CONDITION 5. AID 6. ENVIRONMENT 7. Natural RESOURCES 8. INFRASTRUCTURE 9. PRODUCTION 10. TRADE 11. CONSUMPTION 12. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 13. FINANCIAL SYSTEM 14. FINANCIAL Casinos 15. CORPORATES 16. ARMS TRADE & CONFLICT 17. RESERVES 18. CONCLUSION 978-0-620-66045-7 DETAILED CONTENTS PAGES 1 POPULATION 11 1.1 Statistics (Historical, Current, Regional, Country) 1.2 Profiles (Density, Urban, Sex, Age, Ethnic, Language, Religion, Labour Force) 1.3 Movement (Migration, Refugees, Travel) 2 COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD 26 2.1 By Continents 2.2 Economic Size 2.3 Economic Development 2.4 Colonisation 2.5 Groupings (Unions, Associations) 3 GLOBAL INSTITUTIONS 42 3.1 United Nations System 3.2 Intergovernmental 3.3 Sectoral 4 HUMAN CONDITION 53 4.1 Human Development Index 4.2 Millennium Development Goals 4.3 Quality of Life Criteria A. Human Survival Life Expectancy, Employment, Income, Food Security, Healthcare, Shelter, Basic -
Borders, Ethnicity and Trade
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES BORDERS, ETHNICITY AND TRADE Jenny C. Aker Michael W. Klein Stephen A. O'Connell Muzhe Yang Working Paper 15960 http://www.nber.org/papers/w15960 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 May 2010 This research was partially funded by the National Bureau of Economic Research Africa Project. We would like to thank seminar participants at the Center for Global Development, National Bureau of Economic Research, Northeast Universities Development Conference (NEUDC), Université de Clermont-Ferrand and University of Gottingen for their helpful comments and suggestions. All errors are our own. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2010 by Jenny C. Aker, Michael W. Klein, Stephen A. O'Connell, and Muzhe Yang. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Borders, Ethnicity and Trade Jenny C. Aker, Michael W. Klein, Stephen A. O'Connell, and Muzhe Yang NBER Working Paper No. 15960 May 2010 JEL No. O1,Q1 ABSTRACT Do national borders and ethnicity contribute to market segmentation between and within countries? This paper uses unique and high-frequency data on narrowly-defined goods to gauge the extent to which a national border impedes trade between developing countries (Niger and Nigeria). -
1 Walther and Retaillé Mapping the Sahelian Space Olivier J. Walther1
Mapping the Sahelian Space Olivier J. Walther1 and Denis Retaillé2 Revised draft, 8365 words, 1 May 2017 Abstract This chapter examines the geographical meaning of the Sahel, its fluid boundaries, and its spatial dynamics. Unlike other approaches that define the Sahel as a bioclimatic zone or as an ungoverned area, it shows that the Sahel is primarily a space of circulation in which uncertainty has historically been overcome by mobility. The first part of the paper discusses how pre-colonial empires relied on a network of markets and cities that facilitated trade and social relationships across the region and beyond. The second part explores changing regional mobility patterns precipitated by colonial powers and the new approach they developed to control networks and flows. The third part discusses the contradiction between the mobile strategies adopted by local herders, farmers and traders in the Sahel and the territorial development initiatives of modern states and international donors. Particular attention is paid in the last section to how the Sahel was progressively redefined through a security lens. Acknowledgements The authors thank the OECD for their permission to use some of the maps of the Atlas of the Sahara-Sahel, and Al Howard for his useful comments on an earlier version of the chapter. Indivisible Sahel and Sahara Located far away from the seaports of the Gulf of Guinea and separated from North Africa by the world’s largest desert, the Sahel has often been envisioned as an arid strip of land in which sedentary and nomadic peoples clash periodically. The global humanitarian response that followed the famines of the 1970s and 1980s temporarily brought the Sahel into international headlines and initiated a durable investment in food security and new forms of nongovernmentability (Mann 2014) but the region remained a peripheral area of interest in the scholarly community. -
Niger in Perspective
COUNTRY IN PERSPECTIVE NIGER Village, Saga, Tillaberi Flickr / YoTuT DLIFLC DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER COUNTRY IN PERSPECTIVE | NIGER TABLE OF CONTENT Geography Introduction ................................................................................................................... 6 Geographic Divisions and Topographic Features .................................................. 7 Aïr Massif ..............................................................................................................7 Talak Region .........................................................................................................8 Ténéré Desert ......................................................................................................8 High Plateaus .......................................................................................................9 The Sahel ..............................................................................................................9 Niger River Basin ...............................................................................................10 Bodies of Water ...........................................................................................................10 Niger River ..........................................................................................................10 Lake Chad ........................................................................................................... 11 Komadugu Yobe River ..................................................................................... -
Online Bibliography of Chadic and Hausa Linguistics
Online Bibliography of Chadic and Hausa Linguistics PAUL NEWMAN Online Bibliography of Chadic and Hausa Linguistics compiled by PAUL NEWMAN 1. INTRODUCTION The Online Bibliography of Chadic and Hausa Linguistics (OBCHL), henceforth the ‘biblio’, is an updated, expanded, and corrected edition of the bibliography published some fifteen years ago by Rüdiger Köppe Verlag (Newman 1996). That biblio was built on valuable earlier works including Hair (1967), Newman (1971), Baldi (1977), R. M. Newman (1979), Awde (1988), and Barreteau (1993). The ensuing years have witnessed an outpouring of new publications on Chadic and Hausa, written by scholars from around the globe, thereby creating the need for a new, up-to-date bibliography. Data gathered for this online edition, which was compiled using EndNote, an excellent and easy to use bibliographic database program, have come from my own library and internet searches as well as from a variety of published sources. Particularly valuable have been the reviews of the earlier bibliography, most notably the detailed review article by Baldi (1997), the Hausa and Chadic entries in the annual Bibliographie Linguistique, compiled over the past dozen years by Dr. Joe McIntyre, and the very useful list of publications found regularly in Méga-Tchad. The enormous capacity afforded by the internet to organize and update large-scale reference works such as bibliographies and dictionaries enables us to present this new online bibliography as a searchable, open access publication. This Version-02 is presented in PDF format only. A goal for the future is to make the biblio available in database format as well. 2. -
Mistrust and Imbalance: the Collapse of Intercommunal Relatons and the Rise of Armed Community Mobilizaton on the Niger-Mali Border
Mistrust and Imbalance: The Collapse of Intercommunal Relatons and the Rise of Armed Community Mobilizaton on the Niger-Mali Border Dr. Rahmane Idrissa & Bethany McGann RESOLVE NETWORK | April 2021 Community Based Armed Groups Series https://doi.org/10.37805/cbags2021.2 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................4 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................7 HISTORICAL CONTEXT ......................................................................................................8 A precarious balance: people, place, power .............................................................. 8 Agents of confict: armed actors and (once limited) violence .....................................13 FINDINGS .......................................................................................................................... 16 Violence and mistrust ...............................................................................................16 Interdependence and the state ................................................................................19 REVISITING BALANCE: HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL TRENDLINES ............................................................. 23 Historical change .......................................................................................................24