Baukultur Report 2020/21 Publisher: Federal Foundation of Baukultur (BSBK) Reiner Nagel
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Baukultur Report 2020/21 Report Baukultur Baukultur Report Public Spaces 2020/21 Publisher: Federal Foundation of Baukultur (BSBK) Reiner Nagel Management: Belinda Rukschcio Editors: Michael Lesch, Frauke Schacht Contributions: Jonathan Bratz, Lisa Kreft, Julian Latzko, Elfie Peitzsch, Henry Wilke, and Heiko Haberle Studies: Berlin Institute for Population and Development, Bulwiengesa AG Population Survey: Forsa – Institute for Social Research and Statistical Analysis Translation: Amy Klement Proofreading: Tammi L. Coles Corporate Design and Graphic Design: Heimann + Schwantes Photographs: Andreas Meichsner Photography Information about other photographs can be found on page 164. Printing and Binding: Brandenburgische Universitätsdruckerei und Verlagsgesellschaft Potsdam mbh; Management: Druckmachen24 Status: September 2020, 1st edition ISBN 978-3-9820133-8-1 The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie: www.dnb.de All rights reserved. Publication of parts of this report subject to the approval of the Federal Foundation of Baukultur. The Federal Foundation of Baukultur is financially supported by the Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat (Federal Ministry of Interior, Building and Community). Baukultur Report Public Spaces 2020/21 Core Messages of the Baukultur Report 2020/21 Urban and municipal development through high-quality open spaces Attractive cities and municipalities are vibrant, safe, sustainable, and healthy. They are characterized by a wide range of well-designed, open public spaces which facilitate encounters and encourage communication. As a starting point for urban development planning, open spaces provide basic qualities such as interconnecting paths. They form the fundamental and enduring structure of a city and show its character and rhythm. Important recommendations for action for new open space initiatives: → Use public spaces as a driving force for urban development Streets, pavements, and public squares survive for centuries. The people who plan and design them have to ask what tasks they will perform for coming generations. Urban development models that put people first offer answers. → Create more mixed-use spaces Considering functions and uses together rather than in parallel opens new design posibilities. New mixed-use spaces activate locations and concentrate diverse offers in one area. They make an urban development contribution to internal development and thus take into account the different interests of users. → Develop spaces for health and recreation Public spaces have a decisive effect on levels of action with respect to climate mitiga- tion and adaptation measures. They are important for health and recreation. Baukultur must increasingly also address and strengthen urban greenspace, surface water, and biodiversity. Design new mobility and infrastructures – recognize and utilize potentials for public spaces Streets and traffic areas are public property. Their design can enable cities and munici- palities to significantly improve the quality of time spent in public spaces. Attractive and distinctive traffic areas and urban spaces make diverse design, social, and commu- nicative offers. Equitable mobility also necessitates reassessing how space is allocated. Contemporary construction and adaptation is connected with existing cultures and structures. It provides answers to technical, ecological, and social questions. Important recommendations for action for qualifying public infrastructure: → Think about traffic areas for everyone A new Baukultur for public spaces should follow the principle that everyone has the same rights and obligations in traffic. Traffic areas that also function for children and older and disabled individuals benefit society as a whole and have a high-quality Baukultur. → Understand public infrastructures as support for Baukultur Technical infrastructures and civil engineering structures are integral parts of public spaces. Urban furniture, public lighting, and signage shape the appearance of a location. Their design and maintenance require more care and appreciation. → Consolidate cleaning and good maintenance Clean and well-maintained public spaces are of great importance for society. They are decisive to the identification of residents and an important location factor in the com- petition between cities. Open spaces that have a high-quality Baukultur foster respectful interaction with the built environment. Public spaces need representatives of the interests of Baukultur Public spaces are subjected to the pressures of heavy use and high expectations. To overcome this, an organizational, planning, and supporting structure that takes action holistically must take the place of divided responsibilities and sector-based solutions. A well-positioned management is responsible for planning, construction, communica- tion, allocation of space, and maintenance. Public authorities and private stakehold- ers are thus in close communication and develop sustainable, shared perspectives. Important recommendations for action for public sponsorship of public spaces: → Strengthen public spaces as a school for democracy The quality of our shared experience is shown in public spaces. Learning about Baukultur puts people in the position to consciously perceive their built surroundings and play an active part in designing their living environment. This enables people to participate in social life. → Public spaces must be and remain accessible for everyone Public spaces link cities, locations, and people – they are the basis for social cohesion. Active, prudent public authorities ensure that public spaces are available and can be utilized to the fullest extent for the greater good. → Create alliances for public spaces Public spaces are usually municipal property. As trustees of this property, policymakers and administrators play a decisive role. Alliances with stakeholders in civil society are advisable. They facilitate enlivening temporary uses. Special, private rights of use reach their limits where they obstruct the common good. Contents Introduction 6 Current Challenges for Public Spaces Conflicts of Interest 27 The Current Situation of Baukultur • Competition for Space in Germany • The Value of Public Spaces • New Spaces for the General Public Baukultur in Cities 10 • Hybrid Spaces • Influx to Cities • Phase Ten • Challenges for Residential Construction Health 31 Baukultur in the Countryside 12 • Cities and Health • Contradictory Developments • Heat Stress • Doughnut Effect in the Countryside • Light and Noise Existing and Built Heritage 14 • Movement in the City • Resource-efficient Planning and Construction Safety 37 • Preserving and Mediating Heritage • Freedom and Safety Work in the City and the Countryside 16 • Objective and Subjective Safety • Workplaces and Baukultur • Structural Measures • Industry in the City • New Perspectives for the Countryside Global Developments, Local Effects Climate 40 Public Spaces in Germany • Protection and Adaptation • Challenges for Cities • Urban Greenery The Digital Turn 43 The Starting Position 19 • Virtual Spaces • With the Internet through the World • Smart Cities Development Demographics and Society 46 • Many Youth, More Elderly Cultural Landscapes 20 • Growing Centres, Shrinking Peripheries • Spatial Dimension of Open Spaces • Migration to Cities • Infrastructure and Engineering Structures • The Society of Tomorrow Planning Public Spaces 21 • Early Modern Period and Industrialization • The Twentieth Century • Reconstruction Public Spaces in Transition 23 • From Traffic Space to Living Spaces • Unabated Appeal • Business in City Centres • Mediterranization • Conflicts in Nightlife Baukultur for Public Spaces Democracy and Process Culture Democracy, Utilization, and Participation 104 • Social Infrastructures The Focus Topics 51 • School for Democracy • Education in Baukultur • Places for Education Urban Development and Open Space • Thinking about Spaces Anew • Time for Experiments Guiding Principles and Strategic Formats 52 Public Spaces for All 112 • Conversion Culture in Urban Development • Ownership Creates Value • Structural Potentials • Considering Responsibility Spatially • New Mixed-use Spaces • Ensuring Public Utilization • Building Exhibitions and Garden Shows • Land Policy for the Common Good Green and Open Spaces 58 • Municipal Fields of Activity • Green Infrastructures Collaboration 120 • Measures • Management for Public Spaces • City Trees • Organizing Collaboration • Blue Infrastructure • Strengthening the Responsibility of Developers New Ground Floor Zones 66 • Qualification of Administrators • Importance • Phase Zero to Phase Ten • Negative Tendencies • Get People to Participate • Qualification • Involving Businesses Urban Design as Visual Communication 70 • Design and Orientation • Advertising • Art Recommendations for Action from • Public Spaces as Galleries the Baukultur Report 2020/21 130 Urban and municipal development through Designing Infrastructures high-quality open spaces 130 Design new mobility and infrastructures – Mobility and Space 79 recognize and utilize potentials for public space 132 • Traffic and Urban Development Public spaces need representatives of the interests of Baukultur 134 • Increasing Levels of Traffic • Spaces for All • Transport Networks of the Future • On Foot and by Bicycle Appendix 136 • Infrastructures for Rural Spaces Logistics and Public Services 88 Project Descriptions • Activation of Railway Stations Sources and Literature • Rail