DOCSLIB.ORG

Mycobacterial Diseases LAWRENCE G

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mycobacterial Diseases LAWRENCE G CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, Jan. 1992, p. 1-25 Vol. 5, No. 1 0893-8512/92/010001-25$02.00/0 Agents of Newly Recognized or Infrequently Encountered Mycobacterial Diseases LAWRENCE G. WAYNE* AND HILDA A. SRAMEK Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California 90822 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 2 PREVIOUSLY WELL-DOCUMENTED SPECIES OF SLOWLY GROWING PPEM.............................3 M. kansasii .............................................................................. 3 Systematics .............................................................................. 3 Clinical and epidemiologic aspects .............................................................................. 3 M. marinum .............................................................................. 3 Systematics .............................................................................. 3 Clinical and epidemiologic aspects .............................................................................. 3 M. scrofulaceum.............................................................................. 4 Systematics .............................................................................. 4 Clinical and epidemiologic aspects .............................................................................. 4 M. simiae .............................................................................. 4 Systematics .............................................................................. 4 Clinical and epidemiologic aspects ............................................................................... 4 M. szulgai.............................................................................. 4 Systematics .............................................................................. 4 Clinical and epidemiologic aspects ............................................................................... 5 M. ulcerans..............................................................................5 M. xenopi..............................................................................5 Systematics .............................................................................. 5 Clinical and epidemiologic aspects .............................................................................. 5 PREVIOUSLY WELL-DOCUMENTED SPECIES OF RAPIDLY GROWING PPEM............................5 M. fortuitum Complex .............................................................................. 5 Systematics ............................................................................... 5 Clinical and epidemiologic aspects .............................................................................. 5 MAJOR RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE TAXONOMY OF AND CLINICAL CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SOME COMMONLY ENCOUNTERED PPEM..........................................6 M. avium Complex .............................................................................. 6 Systematics .............................................................................. 6 (i) Taxonomic status .............................................................................. 6 (ii) Identification .............................................................................. 7 Newer clinical and epidemiological aspects.............................................................................. 7 (i) AIDS ............................................................................... 7 (ii) Crohn's disease ............................................................................... 8 NEWLY CHARACTERIZED MYCOBACTERIA OR MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES .........................8 M. asiaticum .............................................................................. 8 Systematics ............................................................................... 8 Clinical and epidemiologic aspects ............................................................................... 9 M. haemophilum ............................................................................. 9 Systematics .............................................................................. 9 Clinical and epidemiologic aspects.............................................................................. 10 M. malmoense ............................................................................. 11 Systematics.............................................................................. 11 (i) Taxonomic status .............................................................................. 11 (ii) Identification.............................................................................. 11 Clinical and epidemiologic aspects .............................................................................. 11 M. shimoidei............................................................................. 13 Systematics.............................................................................. 13 Clinical and epidemiologic aspects .............................................................................. 13 SPECIES OF MYCOBACTERIA GENERALLY CONSIDERED TO BE NONPATHOGENIC ...............13 M. gasi............................................................................... 13 Systematics.............................................................................. 13 Clinical and epidemiologic aspects .............................................................................. 13 * Corresponding author. 1 2 WAYNE AND SRAMEK CLIN. MICROBIOL. REV. M. gordonae ................................................ 14 Systematics.......................................................... 14 Clinical and epidemiologic aspects ................................................. 14 M. terrae Complex ................................................. 15 Systematics................................................. 15 Clinical and epidemiologic aspects ................................................. 15 Rapid Growers Other than Members of the M. fortuitum Complex ................................................16 Systematics................................................. 16 Clinical and epidemiologic aspects ................................................. 16 (i) M. flavescens................................................ 16 (ii) M. neoaurum ................................................ 16 (iii) M. smegmatis ................................................ 16 (iv) M. thermoresistibile ................................................ 16 (v) Unknown species................................................. 16 MEASURES TO MINIMIZE THE RISK OF FAILING TO ISOLATE OR MISIDENTIFYING INFREQUENTLY ENCOUNTERED PPEM.................................................. 17 Isolation of the Organism from Appropriate Specimens .................................................. 17 Skin lesions .................................................. 17 Other specimens .................................................. 17 Identification of Organisms and Detection of Mixed Cultures .................................................. 18 Assessment of Significance .................................................. 18 CONCLUSIONS.................................................. 18 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................. 18 REFERENCES .................................................. 19 INTRODUCTION Although other investigators soon recognized that this iso- late was actually a member of the genus Mycobacterium, it For many years following the discovery of the human was not until 1965 that Runyon formally changed the name tubercle bacillus, only the three acid-fast species presently from "N. intracellularis" to the present one, M. intracellu- known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis, and M. lare (158). In 1951, Norden and Linell (134) published a leprae were consistently recognized as human pathogens. As report on swimming pool granuloma and described and early as 1935, Pinner applied the term "atypical acid-fast named "M. balnei," which was later recognized to be microorganisms" to some isolates that appeared to be the synonymous with the fish pathogen, M. marinum, that cause of human disease but that he could differentiate from Aronson had described in 1926 (3). In 1952, Prissick and M. tuberculosis on the basis of colony morphology, pigment, Masson described a pigmented Mycobacterium species that and virulence in animals (142, 143). In some cases passage in caused cervical adenitis in children (147); in 1956, they animals seemed to cause these isolates to revert to the named this organism M. scrofulaceum (148). In 1953, Buhler morphology and virulence characteristic of M. tuberculosis; and Pollak (19, 145) reported on a human pulmonary disease Pinner speculated that transmutation of types could be caused by a novel acid-fast organism that was later named occurring, although he took pains to point out that the M. kansasii by Hauduroy (74). evidence was not conclusive. He also noted the inadequacy These descriptions of newly recognized mycobacterial of taxonomic criteria that could be applied to the mycobac- pathogens of humans were largely based on a fairly small teria at that time. This inadequacy forced him to rely almost number of case reports. In that same period, Timpe and exclusively on the highly variable parameters of pathogenic- Runyon were systematically assembling a large collection of ity testing. In retrospect, it seems likely that some of his mycobacteria other than classical tubercle
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Discovery of a Novel Mycobacterium Asiaticum PRA-Hsp65 Pattern
    Infection, Genetics and Evolution 76 (2019) 104040 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Infection, Genetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/meegid Short communication Discovery of a novel Mycobacterium asiaticum PRA-hsp65 pattern T ⁎ William Marco Vicente da Silva , Mayara Henrique Duarte, Luciana Distásio de Carvalho, Paulo Cesar de Souza Caldas, Carlos Eduardo Dias Campos, Paulo Redner, Jesus Pais Ramos National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis, Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz, RJ, Brazil ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Twenty-one pulmonary sputum samples from nine Brazilian patients were analyzed by the PRA-hsp65 method PRA-hsp65 for identification of Mycobacterium species and the results were compared by sequencing. We reported a mu- Identification tation at the position 381, that generates a suppression cutting site in the BstEII enzyme, thus leading to a new M. asiaticum PRA-hsp65 pattern for M. asiaticum identification. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic human pa- widely used for identification of Mycobacterium species. The PRA-hsp65 thogens. NTM are widespread in nature and are found in environmental methodology consists of restriction analysis of a 441 bp PCR fragment sources, including water, soil, and aerosols. They are resistant to most of the hsp65 gene with enzymes BstEII and HaeIII (Campos et al., 2012; disinfectants, including those used in treated water. More than 170 Devulder, 2005; Tamura et al., 2011; Verma et al., 2017). Nowadays, NTM species have been described (http://www.bacterio.net/ M. asiaticum has a single pattern described as type 1 in the PRAsite mycobacterium.html), however, the knowledge about NTM infections database (http://app.chuv.ch/prasite/index.html) based on the fol- is still limited (Chin'ombe et al., 2016; Tortoli, 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • S1 Sulfate Reducing Bacteria and Mycobacteria Dominate the Biofilm
    Sulfate Reducing Bacteria and Mycobacteria Dominate the Biofilm Communities in a Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution System C. Kimloi Gomez-Smith 1,2 , Timothy M. LaPara 1, 3, Raymond M. Hozalski 1,3* 1Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 United States 2Water Resources Sciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States 3BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States Pages: 9 Figures: 2 Tables: 3 Inquiries to: Raymond M. Hozalski, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, 500 Pillsbury Drive SE, Minneapolis, MN 554555, Tel: (612) 626-9650. Fax: (612) 626-7750. E-mail: [email protected] S1 Table S1. Reference sequences used in the newly created alignment and taxonomy databases for hsp65 Illumina sequencing. Sequences were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Genbank database. Accession Accession Organism name Organism name Number Number Arthrobacter ureafaciens DQ007457 Mycobacterium koreense JF271827 Corynebacterium afermentans EF107157 Mycobacterium kubicae AY373458 Mycobacterium abscessus JX154122 Mycobacterium kumamotonense JX154126 Mycobacterium aemonae AM902964 Mycobacterium kyorinense JN974461 Mycobacterium africanum AF547803 Mycobacterium lacticola HM030495 Mycobacterium agri AY438080 Mycobacterium lacticola HM030495 Mycobacterium aichiense AJ310218 Mycobacterium lacus AY438090 Mycobacterium aichiense AF547804 Mycobacterium
    [Show full text]
  • Mycobacterium Avium Subespecie Paratuberculosis. Mapa Epidemiológico En España
    UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE VETERINARIO DEPARTAMENTO DE SANIDAD ANIMAL TESIS DOCTORAL Caracterización molecular de aislados de Mycobacterium avium subespecie paratuberculosis. Mapa epidemiológico en España MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Elena Castellanos Rizaldos Directores: Alicia Aranaz Martín Lucas Domínguez Rodríguez Lucía de Juan Ferré Madrid, 2010 ISBN: 978-84-693-7626-3 © Elena Castellanos Rizaldos, 2010 FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA DEPARTAMENTO DE SANIDAD ANIMAL Y CENTRO DE VIGILANCIA SANITARIA VETERINARIA (VISAVET) Caracterización molecular de aislados de Mycobacterium avium subespecie paratuberculosis. Mapa epidemiológico en España Elena Castellanos Rizaldos MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR EUROPEO POR LA UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID Facultad de Veterinaria Departamento de Sanidad Animal y Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET) Dña. Alicia Aranaz Martín, Profesora contratada doctor, D. Lucas Domínguez Rodríguez, Catedrático y Dña. Lucía de Juan Ferré, Profesor Ayudante del Departamento de Sanidad Animal de la Facultad de Veterinaria. CERTIFICAN: Que la tesis doctoral “Caracterización molecular de Mycobacterium avium subespecie paratuberculosis. Mapa epidemiológico en España” ha sido realizada por la licenciada en Veterinaria Dña. Elena Castellanos Rizaldos en el Departamento de Sanidad Animal de la Facultad de Veterinaria de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y en el Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET) bajo nuestra dirección y estimamos que reúne los requisitos exigidos para optar al Título de Doctor por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Parte de esta tesis ha sido realizada en la Saint George’s University de Londres, Reino Unido y la University of Calgary, Canadá. La financiación del trabajo se realizó mediante los proyectos AGL2005-07792 del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, el proyecto europeo ParaTBTools FP6-2004-FOOD-3B-023106 y la beca de Formación de Profesorado Universitario (F.
    [Show full text]
  • The Crystal Structure of Rv2991 from Mycobacterium Tuberculosis : an F 420 Binding Protein with Unknown Function
    This is a repository copy of The crystal structure of Rv2991 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis : An F 420 binding protein with unknown function. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/147627/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Benini, Stefano, Haouz, Ahmed, Proux, Florence et al. (2 more authors) (2019) The crystal structure of Rv2991 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis : An F 420 binding protein with unknown function. JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY. pp. 216-224. ISSN 1047-8477 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2019.03.006 Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) licence. This licence only allows you to download this work and share it with others as long as you credit the authors, but you can’t change the article in any way or use it commercially. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ The crystal structure of Rv2991 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An F420 binding protein with unknown function Stefano Beninia, ⁎ [email protected] Ahmed Haouzb Florence Prouxb, 1 Pedro Alzaric Keith Wilsond a Bioorganic Chemistry and Bio-Crystallography Laboratory (B2Cl), Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, Bolzano 39100, Italy bC2RT-Plateforme de cristallographie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France cUnité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France d York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK ⁎Corresponding author.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence, Etiology, Public Health Importance and Economic Impact of Mycobacteriosis in Slaughter Cattle in Laikipia County, Kenya
    PREVALENCE, ETIOLOGY, PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MYCOBACTERIOSIS IN SLAUGHTER CATTLE IN LAIKIPIA COUNTY, KENYA. A thesis submitted to the University of Nairobi in partial fulfilment of the Masters of Science in Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics degree of University of Nairobi By AKWALU SAMUEL KAMWILU (BVM) Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi 2019 i DECLARATION This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University. Signature………………………………… Date…………………………………… AKWALU SAMUEL KAMWILU (BVM) This thesis has been submitted for examination with our approval as supervisors. Signature………………………………… Date…………………………………… DR. KURIA, J.K.N.(BVM,MSc,PhD) Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi. Signature………………………………… Date…………………………………… PROF. OMBUI, J.N.(BVM,MSc,PhD) Department of Veterinary Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi. ii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to: My dear wife Dorothy, our children Kimathi, Munene and Karimi and My parents The late Mr. M’Akwalu and my loving mother, Sarah Akwalu. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was carried out at the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory (NTRL), Central Veterinary Laboratories, Kabete (CVL,Kabete) and the Department of Veterinary Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi. I’m very grateful to Dr. Kuria, J.K.N. my major supervisor for his guidance in conceptualizing this work, advice, accompanying me to the NTRL and CVL laboratories, helping in manual work many times and revision and correction of the manuscript. I’m also grateful to Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Respiratory Samples from Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the State of Rondônia, Brazil
    Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 108(4): 457-462, June 2013 457 Nontuberculous mycobacteria in respiratory samples from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the state of Rondônia, Brazil Cleoni Alves Mendes de Lima1,2/+, Harrison Magdinier Gomes3, Maraníbia Aparecida Cardoso Oelemann3, Jesus Pais Ramos4, Paulo Cezar Caldas4, Carlos Eduardo Dias Campos4, Márcia Aparecida da Silva Pereira3, Fátima Fandinho Onofre Montes4, Maria do Socorro Calixto de Oliveira1, Philip Noel Suffys3, Maria Manuela da Fonseca Moura1 1Centro Interdepartamental de Biologia Experimental e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil 2Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil 3Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada a Micobactérias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 4Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil The main cause of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). We aimed to evaluate the contribution of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) to pulmonary disease in patients from the state of Rondônia using respiratory samples and epidemiological data from TB cases. Mycobacterium isolates were identified using a combination of conventional tests, polymerase chain reaction-based restriction enzyme analysis of hsp65 gene and hsp65 gene sequencing. Among the 1,812 cases suspected of having pulmonary TB, 444 yielded bacterial cultures, including 369 cases positive for MTB and 75 cases positive for NTM. Within the latter group, 14 species were identified as Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Myco- bacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium gilvum, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium asiaticum, Mycobac- terium tusciae, Mycobacterium porcinum, Mycobacterium novocastrense, Mycobacterium simiae, Mycobacterium szulgai, Mycobacterium phlei and Mycobacterium holsaticum and 13 isolates could not be identified at the species level.
    [Show full text]
  • View Covering the Agent and the Disease It Causes in Fish and Humans
    Gcebe et al. BMC Microbiology (2018) 18:32 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-018-1177-9 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium species causing mycobacteriosis in farmed aquatic animals of South Africa Nomakorinte Gcebe1* , Anita L. Michel2 and Tiny Motlatso Hlokwe1 Abstract Background: Mycobacteriosis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), is among the most chronic diseases of aquatic animals. In addition, fish mycobacteriosis has substantial economic consequences especially in the aquaculture and fisheries industry as infections may significantly decrease production and trade. Some fish NTM pathogens are highly virulent and zoonotic; as such, infection of aquaria with these pathogens is a public health concern. In this study, we report isolation of nine different NTM species from sixteen aquatic animals including different fish species, frogs and a crocodile. Given the clinical significance of Mycobacterium marinum and its close relation to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as the significance of ESAT 6 and CFP-10 secretion in mycobacterial virulence, we analysed the esxA and esxB nucleotide sequences of M. marinum isolates identified in this study as well as other mycobacteria in the public databases. Results: Mycobacterium shimoidei, Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium septicum /M. peregrinum and Mycobacterium porcinum were isolated from gold fish, Guppy, exotic fish species in South Africa, koi and undefined fish, Knysna seahorse, as well Natal ghost frogs respectively, presenting tuberculosis like granuloma. Other NTM species were isolated from the studied aquatic animals without any visible lesions, and these include Mycobacterium sp. N845 T, Mycobacterium fortuitum, a member of the Mycobacterium avium complex, and Mycobacterium szulgai. Phylogenetic analysis of mycobacteria, based on esxA and esxB genes, separated slow growing from rapidly growing mycobacteria as well as pathogenic from non-pathogenic mycobacteria in some cases.
    [Show full text]
  • Mycobacterium Avium Complex Olecranon Bursitis Resolves
    IDCases 2 (2015) 59–62 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect IDCases jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/idcr Case Report Mycobacterium avium complex olecranon bursitis resolves without antimicrobials or surgical intervention: A case report and review of the literature a, b a Selene Working *, Andrew Tyser , Dana Levy a Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 N 1900 E, Room 4B319, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States b Department of Orthopaedics, University Orthopaedic Center, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Introduction: Nontuberculous mycobacteria are an uncommon cause of septic olecranon bursitis, though Received 26 March 2015 cases have increasingly been described in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. Received in revised form 2 April 2015 Guidelines recommend a combination of surgical resection and antimicrobials for treatment. This case is Accepted 5 April 2015 the first reported case of nontuberculous mycobacterial olecranon bursitis that resolved without medical or surgical intervention. Keywords: Case presentation: A 67-year-old female developed a painless, fluctuant swelling of the olecranon bursa Nontuberculous mycobacteria following blunt trauma to the elbow. Due to persistent bursal swelling, she underwent three separate Olecranon bursitis therapeutic bursal aspirations, two involving intrabursal steroid injection. After the third aspiration, the Mycobacterium avium complex bursa became erythematous and severely swollen, and bursal fluid grew Mycobacterium avium complex. Triple-drug antimycobacterial therapy was initiated, but discontinued abruptly due to a rash. Surgery was not performed.
    [Show full text]
  • INFECTIOUS DISEASE Short Title: Disseminated Mycobacteriosis In
    INFECTIOUS DISEASE Short Title: Disseminated Mycobacteriosis in Cats Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria can Cause Disseminated Mycobacteriosis in Cats H. Pekkarinen,⃰ N. Airas⃰ , L. E. Savolainen†, M. Rantala‡, S. Kilpinen‡, O. Miuku‡, M. Speeti§, V. Karkamo¶, S. Malkamäki*, M. Vaara†, A. Sukura⃰ and P. Syrjä* ⃰ Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 66, University of Helsinki, †Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland, ‡Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 57, University of Helsinki, §Herttoniemi Veterinary Clinic, Hiihtomäentie 35, Helsinki and ¶Pathology Research Unit, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Mustialankatu 3, Helsinki, Finland. Correspondence to: H. Pekkarinen (e-mail: [email protected]). Summary Mycobacteriosis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is a rising concern in human medicine both in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. In cats, mycobacteriosis caused by NTM is considered mostly to be a focal or dermal infection, with disseminated disease mostly caused by Mycobacterium avium. We describe three cases of disseminated mycobacteriosis in cats, caused by M. malmoense, M. branderi/shimoidei and M. avium, with no identified underlying immunosuppression. In all cases, extracellular mycobacteria were seen in the pulmonary epithelium, intestinal lumen and glomerular tufts, which could affect the shedding of the organism. The present study highlights the importance of mycobacteriosis as a differential even in immunocompetent animals. Considering the close relationship of owners and pets and the potential presence of free mycobacteria in secretions, cats should be considered as a possible environmental reservoir for mycobacteria. Keywords: mycobacteriosis; cat; non-tuberculous mycobacteria Introduction Mycobacteria are acid-fast, aerobic, non-spore forming rod shaped bacteria that range from obligate pathogens to environmental saprophytes.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Mycobacterium Species Following Growth Detection
    International Journal of Mycobacteriology xxx (2014) xxx– xxx Available at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/IJMYCO Identification of Mycobacterium species following growth detection with the BACTEC MGIT 960 system by DNA line probe assay Kee Peng Ng *, Devi Velayuthan Rukumani, Jennifer Chong, Harvinder Kaur Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 59400 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Background: The tuberculosis and infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacterial Received 25 March 2014 (NTM) species are increasing in patients presented with respiratory illness, and it is crucial Accepted 31 March 2014 to document the epidemiology of these infections. Available online xxxx Objectives: To study the mycobacterial species and in vitro drug susceptibility trends of Mycobacterium tuberculosis found in the respiratory specimens. Keywords: Materials and methods: A prospective descriptive study from July 2009 to December 2012. Mycobacterium tuberculosis The BACTEC MGIT system tubes with growth were used in the study. GenoType Mycobacte- Nontuberculous mycobacterial rium (Hain Diagnostika, Nehren, Germany) assays were used to identify the mycobacteria. species The drug susceptibility testing was performed by the MGIT 960 system. BACTEC MGIT system Results: A total of 1745 MGIT 960 system positive tubes were included. M. tuberculosis com- GenoType Mycobacterium assays plex (MTC) constituted 67.45% of the yield isolated, 30.83% were
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Chlorine and Chloramine on the Detection and Quantification of Legionella Pneumophila and Mycobacterium Spp
    The impact of chlorine and chloramine on the detection and quantification of Legionella pneumophila and Mycobacterium spp. Maura J. Donohue Ph.D. Office of Research and Development Center of Environmental Response and Emergency Response (CESER): Water Infrastructure Division (WID) Small Systems Webinar January 28, 2020 Disclaimer: The views expressed in this presentation are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. A Tale of Two Bacterium… Legionellaceae Mycobacteriaceae • Legionella (Genus) • Mycobacterium (Genus) • Gram negative bacteria • Nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) (Gammaproteobacteria) • M. avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) • Flagella rod (2-20 µm) • Slow grower (3 to 10 days) • Gram positive bacteria • Majority of species will grow in free-living • Rod shape(1-10 µm) amoebae • Non-motile, spore-forming, aerobic • Aerobic, L-cysteine and iron salts are required • Rapid to Slow grower (1 week to 8 weeks) for in vitro growth, pH: 6.8 to 7, T: 25 to 43 °C • ~156 species • ~65 species • Some species capable of causing disease • Pathogenic or potentially pathogenic for human 3 NTM from Environmental Microorganism to Opportunistic Opponent Genus 156 Species Disease NTM =Nontuberculous Mycobacteria MAC = M. avium Complex Mycobacterium Mycobacterium duvalii Mycobacterium litorale Mycobacterium pulveris Clinically Relevant Species Mycobacterium abscessus Mycobacterium elephantis Mycobacterium llatzerense. Mycobacterium pyrenivorans, Mycobacterium africanum Mycobacterium europaeum Mycobacterium madagascariense Mycobacterium rhodesiae Mycobacterium agri Mycobacterium fallax Mycobacterium mageritense, Mycobacterium riyadhense Mycobacterium aichiense Mycobacterium farcinogenes Mycobacterium malmoense Mycobacterium rufum M. avium, M. intracellulare, Mycobacterium algericum Mycobacterium flavescens Mycobacterium mantenii Mycobacterium rutilum Mycobacterium alsense Mycobacterium florentinum. Mycobacterium marinum Mycobacterium salmoniphilum ( M. fortuitum, M.
    [Show full text]
  • Nunescosta2016.Pdf
    Tuberculosis 96 (2016) 107e119 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Tuberculosis journal homepage: http://intl.elsevierhealth.com/journals/tube REVIEW The looming tide of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in Portugal and Brazil Daniela Nunes-Costa a, Susana Alarico a, Margareth Pretti Dalcolmo b, * Margarida Correia-Neves c, d, Nuno Empadinhas a, e, a CNC e Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal b Reference Center Helio Fraga, Fundaçao~ Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, MoH, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil c ICVS e Health and Life Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal d ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes,~ Portugal e IIIUC e Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal article info summary Article history: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are widely disseminated in the environment and an emerging Received 5 May 2015 cause of infectious diseases worldwide. Their remarkable natural resistance to disinfectants and anti- Received in revised form biotics and an ability to survive under low-nutrient conditions allows NTM to colonize and persist in 27 August 2015 man-made environments such as household and hospital water distribution systems. This overlap be- Accepted 16 September 2015 tween human and NTM environments afforded new opportunities for human exposure, and for expression of their often neglected and underestimated pathogenic potential. Some risk factors pre- Keywords: disposing to NTM disease have been
    [Show full text]