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Mycobacterium Avium Subespecie Paratuberculosis. Mapa Epidemiológico En España

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Mycobacterium Avium Subespecie Paratuberculosis. Mapa Epidemiológico En España UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE VETERINARIO DEPARTAMENTO DE SANIDAD ANIMAL TESIS DOCTORAL Caracterización molecular de aislados de Mycobacterium avium subespecie paratuberculosis. Mapa epidemiológico en España MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Elena Castellanos Rizaldos Directores: Alicia Aranaz Martín Lucas Domínguez Rodríguez Lucía de Juan Ferré Madrid, 2010 ISBN: 978-84-693-7626-3 © Elena Castellanos Rizaldos, 2010 FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA DEPARTAMENTO DE SANIDAD ANIMAL Y CENTRO DE VIGILANCIA SANITARIA VETERINARIA (VISAVET) Caracterización molecular de aislados de Mycobacterium avium subespecie paratuberculosis. Mapa epidemiológico en España Elena Castellanos Rizaldos MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR EUROPEO POR LA UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID Facultad de Veterinaria Departamento de Sanidad Animal y Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET) Dña. Alicia Aranaz Martín, Profesora contratada doctor, D. Lucas Domínguez Rodríguez, Catedrático y Dña. Lucía de Juan Ferré, Profesor Ayudante del Departamento de Sanidad Animal de la Facultad de Veterinaria. CERTIFICAN: Que la tesis doctoral “Caracterización molecular de Mycobacterium avium subespecie paratuberculosis. Mapa epidemiológico en España” ha sido realizada por la licenciada en Veterinaria Dña. Elena Castellanos Rizaldos en el Departamento de Sanidad Animal de la Facultad de Veterinaria de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y en el Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET) bajo nuestra dirección y estimamos que reúne los requisitos exigidos para optar al Título de Doctor por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Parte de esta tesis ha sido realizada en la Saint George’s University de Londres, Reino Unido y la University of Calgary, Canadá. La financiación del trabajo se realizó mediante los proyectos AGL2005-07792 del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, el proyecto europeo ParaTBTools FP6-2004-FOOD-3B-023106 y la beca de Formación de Profesorado Universitario (F. P. U.), AP2005-0696, otorgada por el Ministerio de Educación. Dra. Alicia Aranaz Martín Dr. Lucas Domínguez Rodríguez Dra. Lucía de Juan Ferré A mi madre, hermana y abuela Elena, a ellas les debo todo A mi padre y abuela Isabel que siguen presentes cada día A Devin, gracias por estar ahí A mi familia Recuerda que cualquier momento es bueno para comenzar y que ninguno es tan terrible para claudicar. No olvides que la causa de tu presente es tu pasado así como la causa de tu futuro será tu presente. Aprende de los audaces, de los fuertes, de quién no acepta situaciones, de quién vivirá a pesar de todo, piensa menos en tus problemas y más en tu trabajo y tus problemas sin alimentarlos morirán. Aprende a nacer desde el dolor y a ser más grande que el más grande de los obstáculos. Pablo Neruda Agradecimientos En primer lugar, me gustaría hacer mención a la labor desarrollada por mis directores de tesis y otros profesores que forman parte del centro VISAVET, ya que sin ellos ésta no hubiera sido posible. A los profesores Dr. Lucas Domínguez y Dra. Ana Mateos por haber apostado en mí desde el principio. A la Dra. Lucía de Juan por haberme iniciado en este apasionante mundo de las micobacterias y en especial el de la paratuberculosis, gracias también por tu paciencia en la corrección de esta tesis. Por último, mi más sincero y especial agradecimiento a la Dra. Alicia Aranaz, en sí esta tesis es en parte fruto de su paciencia, dedicación, esfuerzo, ayuda y confianza. Sin duda, nunca sabré como agradecerte todo lo que has hecho por mí. ¡Gracias! En segundo lugar, expresar mi gratitud a todas las personas de otras instituciones que a lo largo de estos años han contribuido también a este trabajo. Por un lado, a uno de mis tutores externos, el Dr. Tim Bull, el cual me acogió como uno más de su grupo y con el cual he aprendido algo todos y cada uno de los días que he compartido con él. Gracias por enseñarme tanto y haberme brindado esa oportunidad. También a Richard, mi compañero australiano, sin él todo ese tiempo en Londres no hubiera sido lo mismo y del cual no he dejado de aprender a la vez que no paraba de reír. Dentro de este laboratorio también me gustaría expresar mi gratitud a todo el grupo Bµg@s de la Universidad de Saint George’s y en especial a Jason Hinds, sin los cuales parte de lo recogido en esta tesis no habría sido posible. Por otro, mis más sinceros agradecimientos a mi otro tutor externo, el Dr. Jeroen De Buck, a pesar de su juventud destaca por ser un gran líder de grupo al que todo el mundo aprecia y respeta. Gracias por haberme dejado integrarme dentro de un grupo en el que se respira uno de los ambientes de trabajo más agradables y distendidos que he encontrado. Gracias a Karen y a Hermon, también profesores miembros del grupo. Mi más sincera gratitud por vuestra amabilidad, por valorarme y haberme tendido vuestra mano. Por último, me gustaría agradecer a la gente de otras instituciones (Javier Millán, a Nieves Negré, a Lluís Parpal y a Karen Stevenson) por la oportunidad brindada en su día para establecer una colaboración, fruto de la cual han surgido algunos de los trabajos incluidos en esta tesis. A continuación, mis más sinceras gracias a toda la plantilla de VISAVET, configurada por un sinfín de gente muy especial, que son responsables de este buen ambiente de trabajo y cuyos ánimos y ayuda siempre que la he necesitado han resultado en esta tesis. Sin embargo, me gustaría hacer especial mención al Servicio de Informática y Comunicación (Carlos y Sergio), especialmente a Carlos, sin él el formato de esta tesis no sería lo que es. Dentro de VISAVET al grupo de micobacterias, a todas las personas que forman parte ahora o han formado parte de él a lo largo de estos años (Cristina Lozano, Nuria Álvarez, Ángel, Andrés, Fernando, Julio, Javi, Fran, Bea, Tati, Sabrina, Nuria Moya, Alex, Cris, Laura, Carmen, Leo, Johanna, Lucía, Alicia, Ana y Lucas) y con los cuales he pasado ratos muy divertidos (que son los que quiero que perduren en mi memoria). El grupo es lo que es gracias al granito de arena aportado por todos y cada uno de ellos. El haber trabajado durante todo este tiempo a vuestro lado ha sido todo un orgullo y una satisfacción. Me gustaría expresar mis agradecimientos más especiales a Sabrina y a Nuria, con las que empecé hace ya unos cuantos años y que antes que compañeras son amigas, confidentes… sin ellas el día a día no hubiera sido lo mismo. Gracias por escucharme, por vuestra ayuda, paciencia y sobretodo, vuestros buenos consejos. ¡Os voy a echar infinitamente de menos! También a Mauri, gracias por toda tu sabiduría y consejos acertados, por haber compartido este tortuoso camino de la tesis y haberme dado siempre el prisma más “maduro” de las cosas. También a mis amigos de la facultad (Mari Carmen, Anahí, Inés, Cris, Debo, Lauri, Isa, Mary, Ana, Mercedes, Juan, Alberto y Miguel), con los que he atravesado el duro y largo camino de la carrera, camino que llega hasta el día de hoy. Gracias por estar ahí siempre que os he necesitado y por haberme desprendido una sonrisa hasta en los momentos más duros. Espero que sigamos en el mismo camino que nos unió al empezar la carrera durante muchos años. También gracias a dos amigas especiales de la etapa universitaria, compañeras y amigas de colegio mayor, Leti y Bego. Gracias Bego por todos los buenos ratos que hemos pasado, y aunque ahora nos separe la distancia te tengo igualmente presente. Gracias por compartir estos años conmigo y por seguir ahí. Y a Leti, una de las personas con mejor corazón que he conocido, una persona muy especial. Sigue así y mucho ánimo que a base de esfuerzo estás consiguiendo todo lo que te propones y lo seguirás haciendo. Especialmente gracias también a mis amigos de Cuenca, a los que puedo decir con orgullo que llevo unida muchos años, con algunos desde el jardín de infancia. Gracias por haberme hecho pasar todos esos buenos e irrepetibles momentos, por acompañarme en el recorrido de muchas etapas, y por seguir ahí en las que aún nos quedan por recorrer. Gracias a Dani, Raquel, Nieves, Vicente, Silvia G, Ricardo, Silvia B, Iván, Fran, Gonzalo, Jose Luis y Arturo. Gracias también a la gente tan maravillosa que he ido encontrando en mi camino durante mis aventuras en el extranjero y a las cuales no olvido, a Noe, Rosana y Eunyoung. A toda la gente que he conocido en esta última etapa de la tesis, por haberme hecho pasar ratos inolvidables e increíbles que perdurarán para siempre en mi memoria. Gracias a la gente de Londres Cris, Lídice, Barry, Mary, Andrea, Silvia, María y Stuart. Gracias también a la gente de mi última aventura canadiense, que además de compañeros de laboratorio eran amigos y con los que hice excursiones y visto sitios espectaculares que se mantendrán grabados en mi retina. Con los que también me he reído mucho, he compartido consejos y ratos inolvidables. Gracias a Rienske, Erin, Jenneke, Wilko, Nick (¡gracias de nuevo por tu gran ayuda en las correcciones de inglés de esta tesis y de alguno de los artículos!), Praceeda, Amanda, Michelle, Clarisse, Mathieu y Fey. Por otro lado, me gustaría que quede aquí reflejado mi más sincera gratitud a todos los amigos de mis padres. Aunque de una manera especial a Pepe, a Paloma y a Jesús, por hacer tan feliz a mi padre y por haberle enseñado el significado de incondicionalidad, fraternidad, amor y amistad. Gracias por ser tan especiales y por seguir ahí compartiendo vuestras vidas con nosotras y sobre todo por hacer sentir cada día a mi madre una persona especial.
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