DOCSLIB.ORG

Museum of Na Tural Hitry, Volume Lxvii 19 33 Article

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Museum of Na Tural Hitry, Volume Lxvii 19 33 Article ON: THE00 DINOSAURIAN FUNA OF TH:EE IREN DABAU FORATION B,CHARLSW GILMORE- OF TEAMERICAN -_MUSEUM OF NA_TURAL HITRY, VOLUME LXVII 19 33 ARTICLE NEW YORK November 6, 1933. >~~~~~~~~~~~W -W N ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' ~ ~ ~ y:_~~~~'77~k -1 ~~~ '~~~~'e~A .' 'A~~~~~~~7 ,1 31~ ~ ~ ~ ~ &j' 27" -4.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"C 44'-`f N' I _ ~ 7~aiw A j''4"~~~~~~V4'>~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ 4'N'~~~~%"V -~~1 '4'~~V ~.~-K '"'-2 Z~-1"4 4W44 V~-? ' ~'4*K~4~-4.~ '4'~,{' ~ ~ '4?"' ~"'A 4; V'~~"'+4' C~~~~'"4 ~ *'~~~V~-'44.4' ..'~~~' "'E' "4~ NV~~~~~~~ 44J" Z-4 "4"''I' ~~,44'(4,4'.44"4.4~~~~~V. s '~'4"i-'-'4~4-'-~ V '4'4"4A44"'' ~'4'4 4 X- '~ .4±j W~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~",)'V , . NK'' i ', 4.4. 4 ~ r ~ ~ '" 4 4"4v"''- 4f,~~~~~~_-4,~ ~ ~ ~ - Frl,,~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "~. 54'"'4""'4"'~~~~~~~~'4A' ~ ~ ~ ~ 4..1'..1-444,- 44 --" --~ '4~ ~ "' - '44.~~~~~4..4.4444."I~~~~~~~~~44'4C' '4~~~~~~~~' _A ~ #.~\ 444'~ 4"' '~" - >4" "4""',.~~~~' ~ -.~~4-'-~~"~~z'44 ~~4""4~~~"4-'3'.~~44~~44'~~' s 4 ~~~4A'~~~"''4~~~~' N,,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'-D9 C z'443,'"4 "4 -&44 ' "- ', >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'-,, 56.81, 9 (117:51.7) Article II.-ON THE DINOSAURIAN FAUNA OF THE IREN DABASU FORMATION' BY CHARLES W. GILMORE2 PLATES I TO VIII; TEXT FIGURES 1 TO 40 CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION.......................................................... 23 Geological Age of the Iren Dabasu Formation.... 24 DESCRIPTION OF GENERA AND SPECIES..................................... 26 Theropoda.......................................................... 26 Family Ornithomimidw...........................................26 Ornithomimus asiaticus, new species.......................... 27 Family Deinodontidae......................................... 33 Alectrosaurus olseni, new genus and species.................... 35 Subfamily Dromaeosaurinae, gen. and sp. indet................. 39 Ornithischia...................................................... 40 Family Hadrosauridae......................................... 40 Subfamily Hadrosaurinae....................................... 41 Mandschurosaurus........................................... 41 Mand8churosaurus amurensis (Riabinin) ...... ................ 41 Mandechurosaurus mongoliensis, new species.................... 41 Subfamily Lambeosaurinae................................... 50 Bactrosaurus johnsoni, new genus and species................... 50 REMARKS ON JUVENILE SPECIMENS........................................ 72 SKELETAL RESTORATION OF Bactrosaurus.................................. 73 Family Nodosauridae............................................. 75 Gen. and sp. indet......................................... 75 INTRODUCTION The present contribution gives the results obtained from a study of all dinosaurian material collected from the Iren Dabasu formation in Mongolia by the Asiatic Expeditions of The American Museum of Natural History. While this collection is deficient in articulated skele- tons, there is considerable material which is, for the most part, in a splendid state of preservation. The bulk of the collection came from two bone deposits, respectively seven and eight miles east of the Iren Dabasu telegraph station. In these two quarries were the remains of many individuals intermingled in much confusion. An occasional foot, limb, or series of vertebrae was found either articulated or in such close asso- 'Publications of the Asiatic Expeditions of The American Museum of Natural bution No. 117. History. Contri- 2Curator of Vertebrate Palseontology, U. S. National Museum. 23 24 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [vol. LXVII ciation as to indicate individual ownership, but for the most part it is quite impossible to reassemble these disarticulated skeletons. For- tunately some of the animals so closely resemble their North American relatives, known from nearly perfect skeletons, that it has been possible to segregate the skeletal parts of certain genera. One rather unusual feature of this assemblage is the presence in one quarry of many young animals-a rare occurrence in similar North American bone deposits. Four families (Ornithomimidae, Deinodontidae, Hadrosauridae and Nodosauridae) have been recognized in the dinosaur collection from the Iren Dabasu formation. These comprise four genera and four species, of which two genera and the four species are described as new. That ,several undescribed forms exist in this fauna is indicated by fragmen- tary remains. I wish here to express to Professor Henry Fairfield Osborn and to *Dr. Walter Granger my great appreciation for the privilege afforded me of studying this interesting collection; also to Mr. Barnum Brown for reading the manuscript. GEOLOGICAL AGE OF THE IREN DABASU FORMATION The Iren Dabasu formation was named and defined by Granger and 'Berkey in American Museum Novitates No. 42. It was regarded by them in the original and subsequent publications as belonging to the Lower Cretaceous. Matthew' held the opinion that the Iren Dabasu fauna was "rather pnmitive" and for that reason should be tentatively placed in the Lower Cretaceous. After a critical study of all the known specimens, I fail to find any skeletal characteristics pointing to such a conclusion. In my judgment they represent the same stage of development as found in the Upper Cretaceous Dinosauria of North America, and this evi- dence is in accord with the faunal assemblage as indicating the Upper Cretaceous age of the Iren Dabasu formation, to which it should be assigned. The recognized fauna of the Iren Dabasu formation as known at this time is as follows: Dinosauria Theropoda Ornithomimus asiaticus, new species Alectrosaurus olseni, new genus and species Dromaeosaurinae, gen. and sp. indet. 'Berkey, C. P., and Morris, F. K. 1927, 'The Geology of Mongolia,' The Natural History of Central Asia, II, p. 355. 1933] Gilmore, Dinosaurian Fauna of the Iren Dabasu Formation 25 Ornithischia Mandschurosaurus mongoliensis, new species Bactrosaurus johnsoni, new genus and species Nodosauridae, gen. and sp. indet. Crocodilia Chelonia Trionychid, gen. and sp. indet. Pisces In its main features the above assemblage differs from the Upper Cretaceous faunas of America only in the absence of the Ceratopsidae. The presence of crested and noncrested hadrosaurians associated with a theropodous dinosaur that cannot be generically distinguished from Ornithomimus, together with a representative of the Nodosauridae, is a combination found in both the Belly River and Edmonton formations in Canada and their equivalents in the United States. The stage of develop- ment as represented in the ornithomimids points to a closer relationship with the Belly River forms than with those of the geologically younger Edmonton. Further evidence corroborative of this conclusion is fur- nished by Protoceratops from the overlying Djadochta formation, from the fact that a restudy of this form will undoubtedly show it to have its closest affinities, if it does not prove to be congeneric, with Leptocera- tops from the Edmonton. In a short paper' describing some fragmentary dinosaurian remains from the Chinese side of the Amur River in Manchuria, Riabinin reaches the conclusion that these beds are equivalent in age to the Ed- monton. This decision was apparently based upon the supposed recog- nition of two Edmonton genera, Saurolophus and Albertosaurus, from the Amur locality. That he was dealing with an Upper Cretaceous assem- blage is quite probable, but an analysis of the specimens upon which these deductions were based shows that they were very fragmentary and offer little evidence concerning their geological age. Mandschuro- saurus amurensis is adequately founded, but Saurolophus krischtofovici, established on a fragmentary ischium, and Albertosaurus periculosus, founded on a single tooth, are valueless, as neither specimen is diagnostic and either might with equal propriety be referred to any one of several known genera. The presence in the Iren Dabasu of a specimen that I am unable to distinguish from Mandschurosaurus leads to the suggestion that the Amur locality may be of close if not equivalent geological age. The Iren Dabasu formation is composed of sandstone and clay with a few lenses of limy nature, its greatest estimated thickness being 100 'Riabinin, A. N. 1930. 'On the age and fauna of the dinosaur beds on the Amur River.' Mem. Russian Mineralogical Society, LIX, No. 1, pp. 46-51, P1. I. 26 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LXVII feet. According to Berkey and Morris,' the vertebrate fossils occur only in the upper 30 feet of the formation. They also state (p. 204) that one bed of red sandy clay contained numberless fragments of egg-shells. These are said to "vary in size, and doubtless belong to several different types of dinosaur. The large eggs are much bigger than those found at Djadokhta," but none was as perfectly preserved. DESCRIPTION OF GENERA AND SPECIES THEROPODA ORNITHOMIMIDAZ The family Ornithomimidae is represented in the American Mu- seum's Mongolian collections by two genera, Oviraptor philoceratops described by Osborn2 from the Djadochta beds, and Ornithomimus asiaticus, new species, here described from the Iren Dabasu formation. Fig. 1. Map showing the location of the more important fossil occurrences in the Iren Dabasu Basin. These are designated by the original field numbers. Another Asiatic occurrence of this family has recently been reported by Matley3 from the Upper Cretaceous of the Jubbulpore district of India. These three discoveries constitute, so far as I am aware, all of the re- ported occurrences of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PALEONTOLOGY and BIOSTRATIGRAPHY of MONGOLIA the JOINT SOVIET-MONGOLIAN PALEONTOLOGICAL EXPEDITION (Transactions, Vol
    PALEONTOLOGY AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF MONGOLIA THE JOINT SOVIET-MONGOLIAN PALEONTOLOGICAL EXPEDITION (Transactions, vol. 3) EDITORIAL BOARD: N. N. Kramarenko (editor-in-chief) B. Luvsandansan, Yu. I. Voronin, R. Barsbold, A. K. Rozhdestvensky, B. A. Trofimov, V. Yu. Reshetov 1976 S. M. Kurzanov A NEW CARNOSAUR FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS OF NOGON-TSAV, MONGOLIA* The Upper Cretaceous locality of Nogon-Tsav, located in the Zaltaika Gobi, 20 km NW of Mt. Ongon-Ulan-Ula, was discovered by geologists of the MNR. Then, in a series of years (1969–1971, 1973) the joint Soviet-Mongolian Geological Expedition investigated the site. According to the oral report of B. Yu. Reshetova, the deposits in this region are composed basically of sandstone and clay, clearly subdivided into two deposits. The lower great thickness contains many complete skulls, separate bones of tarbosaurs, ornithomimids, and claws of therizinosaurs. The upper red-colored beds are characterized only by scattered fragments of skulls. The fragments described below are of a new carnivorous dinosaur, Alioramus remotus (coll. South Goby region), from the family Tyrannosauridae, which occurs in the lower gray beds. Genus Alioramus Kurzanov, gen. nov. G e n u s n a m e from alius (Lat.) – other, ramus (Lat.) – branch; masc. G e n o t y p e — A. remotus Kurzanov, sp. nov., Upper Cretaceous, Nemegetinskaya suite, southern Mongolia. D i a g n o s i s . Tyrannosaurid of average size. Skull low, with highly elongated jaws. Nasals with well-developed separate crests of 1–l.5 cm height. Second antorbital fenestrae displaced forward, reaching the anterior end of the 5th tooth.
    [Show full text]
  • A Revised Taxonomy of the Iguanodont Dinosaur Genera and Species
    ARTICLE IN PRESS + MODEL Cretaceous Research xx (2007) 1e25 www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes A revised taxonomy of the iguanodont dinosaur genera and species Gregory S. Paul 3109 North Calvert Station, Side Apartment, Baltimore, MD 21218-3807, USA Received 20 April 2006; accepted in revised form 27 April 2007 Abstract Criteria for designating dinosaur genera are inconsistent; some very similar species are highly split at the generic level, other anatomically disparate species are united at the same rank. Since the mid-1800s the classic genus Iguanodon has become a taxonomic grab-bag containing species spanning most of the Early Cretaceous of the northern hemisphere. Recently the genus was radically redesignated when the type was shifted from nondiagnostic English Valanginian teeth to a complete skull and skeleton of the heavily built, semi-quadrupedal I. bernissartensis from much younger Belgian sediments, even though the latter is very different in form from the gracile skeletal remains described by Mantell. Currently, iguanodont remains from Europe are usually assigned to either robust I. bernissartensis or gracile I. atherfieldensis, regardless of lo- cation or stage. A stratigraphic analysis is combined with a character census that shows the European iguanodonts are markedly more morpho- logically divergent than other dinosaur genera, and some appear phylogenetically more derived than others. Two new genera and a new species have been or are named for the gracile iguanodonts of the Wealden Supergroup; strongly bipedal Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis Paul (2006. Turning the old into the new: a separate genus for the gracile iguanodont from the Wealden of England. In: Carpenter, K. (Ed.), Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs.
    [Show full text]
  • Implications for Predatory Dinosaur Macroecology and Ontogeny in Later Late Cretaceous Asiamerica
    Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Theropod Guild Structure and the Tyrannosaurid Niche Assimilation Hypothesis: Implications for Predatory Dinosaur Macroecology and Ontogeny in later Late Cretaceous Asiamerica Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Manuscript ID cjes-2020-0174.R1 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the 04-Jan-2021 Author: Complete List of Authors: Holtz, Thomas; University of Maryland at College Park, Department of Geology; NationalDraft Museum of Natural History, Department of Geology Keyword: Dinosaur, Ontogeny, Theropod, Paleocology, Mesozoic, Tyrannosauridae Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special Tribute to Dale Russell Issue? : © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Page 1 of 91 Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1 Theropod Guild Structure and the Tyrannosaurid Niche Assimilation Hypothesis: 2 Implications for Predatory Dinosaur Macroecology and Ontogeny in later Late Cretaceous 3 Asiamerica 4 5 6 Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. 7 8 Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA 9 Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013 USA 10 Email address: [email protected] 11 ORCID: 0000-0002-2906-4900 Draft 12 13 Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. 14 Department of Geology 15 8000 Regents Drive 16 University of Maryland 17 College Park, MD 20742 18 USA 19 Phone: 1-301-405-4084 20 Fax: 1-301-314-9661 21 Email address: [email protected] 22 23 1 © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Page 2 of 91 24 ABSTRACT 25 Well-sampled dinosaur communities from the Jurassic through the early Late Cretaceous show 26 greater taxonomic diversity among larger (>50kg) theropod taxa than communities of the 27 Campano-Maastrichtian, particularly to those of eastern/central Asia and Laramidia.
    [Show full text]
  • Dinosaur Species List E to M
    Dinosaur Species List E to M E F G • Echinodon becklesii • Fabrosaurus australis • Gallimimus bullatus • Edmarka rex • Frenguellisaurus • Garudimimus brevipes • Edmontonia longiceps ischigualastensis • Gasosaurus constructus • Edmontonia rugosidens • Fulengia youngi • Gasparinisaura • Edmontosaurus annectens • Fulgurotherium australe cincosaltensis • Edmontosaurus regalis • Genusaurus sisteronis • Edmontosaurus • Genyodectes serus saskatchewanensis • Geranosaurus atavus • Einiosaurus procurvicornis • Gigantosaurus africanus • Elaphrosaurus bambergi • Giganotosaurus carolinii • Elaphrosaurus gautieri • Gigantosaurus dixeyi • Elaphrosaurus iguidiensis • Gigantosaurus megalonyx • Elmisaurus elegans • Gigantosaurus robustus • Elmisaurus rarus • Gigantoscelus • Elopteryx nopcsai molengraaffi • Elosaurus parvus • Gilmoreosaurus • Emausaurus ernsti mongoliensis • Embasaurus minax • Giraffotitan altithorax • Enigmosaurus • Gongbusaurus shiyii mongoliensis • Gongbusaurus • Eoceratops canadensis wucaiwanensis • Eoraptor lunensis • Gorgosaurus lancensis • Epachthosaurus sciuttoi • Gorgosaurus lancinator • Epanterias amplexus • Gorgosaurus libratus • Erectopus sauvagei • "Gorgosaurus" novojilovi • Erectopus superbus • Gorgosaurus sternbergi • Erlikosaurus andrewsi • Goyocephale lattimorei • Eucamerotus foxi • Gravitholus albertae • Eucercosaurus • Gresslyosaurus ingens tanyspondylus • Gresslyosaurus robustus • Eucnemesaurus fortis • Gresslyosaurus torgeri • Euhelopus zdanskyi • Gryponyx africanus • Euoplocephalus tutus • Gryponyx taylori • Euronychodon
    [Show full text]
  • Postcranial Anatomy of Tanius Sinensis Wiman, 1929 (Dinosauria; Hadrosauroidea) Postkraniala Anatomin Hos Tanius Sinensis Wiman, 1929 (Dinosauria; Hadrosauroidea)
    Examensarbete vid Institutionen för geovetenskaper Degree Project at the Department of Earth Sciences ISSN 1650-6553 Nr 320 Postcranial Anatomy of Tanius Sinensis Wiman, 1929 (Dinosauria; Hadrosauroidea) Postkraniala anatomin hos Tanius sinensis Wiman, 1929 (Dinosauria; Hadrosauroidea) Niclas H. Borinder INSTITUTIONEN FÖR GEOVETENSKAPER DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES Examensarbete vid Institutionen för geovetenskaper Degree Project at the Department of Earth Sciences ISSN 1650-6553 Nr 320 Postcranial Anatomy of Tanius Sinensis Wiman, 1929 (Dinosauria; Hadrosauroidea) Postkraniala anatomin hos Tanius sinensis Wiman, 1929 (Dinosauria; Hadrosauroidea) Niclas H. Borinder ISSN 1650-6553 Copyright © Niclas H. Borinder and the Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University Published at Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University (www.geo.uu.se), Uppsala, 2015 Abstract Postcranial Anatomy of Tanius Sinensis Wiman, 1929 (Dinosauria; Hadrosauroidea) Niclas H. Borinder Tanius sinensis Wiman, 1929 was one of the first hadrosauroid or “duck-billed” taxa erected from China, indeed one of the very first non-avian dinosaur taxa to be erected based on material from the country. Since the original description by Wiman in 1929, the anatomy of T. sinensis has received relatively little attention in the literature since then. This is unfortunate given the importance of T. sinensis as a possible non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid i.e. a member of Hadrosauroidea outside the family of Hadrosauridae, living in the Late Cretaceous, at a time when most non-hadrosaurid hadro- sauroids had become replaced by the members of Hadrosauridae. To gain a better understanding of the anatomy of T. sinensis and its phylogenetic relationships, the postcranial anatomy of it is redescribed. T. sinensis is found to have a mosaic of basal traits like strongly opisthocoelous cervical vertebrae, the proximal end of scapula being dorsoventrally wider than the distal end, the ratio between the proximodistal length of the metatarsal III and the mediolateral width of this element being greater than 4.5.
    [Show full text]
  • Back Matter (PDF)
    Index Note: Page numbers in italic denote figures. Page numbers in bold denote tables. Abel, Othenio (1875–1946) Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, Robert Plot 7 arboreal theory 244 Astrodon 363, 365 Geschichte und Methode der Rekonstruktion... Atlantosaurus 365, 366 (1925) 328–329, 330 Augusta, Josef (1903–1968) 222–223, 331 Action comic 343 Aulocetus sammarinensis 80 Actualism, work of Capellini 82, 87 Azara, Don Felix de (1746–1821) 34, 40–41 Aepisaurus 363 Azhdarchidae 318, 319 Agassiz, Louis (1807–1873) 80, 81 Azhdarcho 319 Agustinia 380 Alexander, Annie Montague (1867–1950) 142–143, 143, Bakker, Robert. T. 145, 146 ‘dinosaur renaissance’ 375–376, 377 Alf, Karen (1954–2000), illustrator 139–140 Dinosaurian monophyly 93, 246 Algoasaurus 365 influence on graphic art 335, 343, 350 Allosaurus, digits 267, 271, 273 Bara Simla, dinosaur discoveries 164, 166–169 Allosaurus fragilis 85 Baryonyx walkeri Altispinax, pneumaticity 230–231 relation to Spinosaurus 175, 177–178, 178, 181, 183 Alum Shale Member, Parapsicephalus purdoni 195 work of Charig 94, 95, 102, 103 Amargasaurus 380 Beasley, Henry Charles (1836–1919) Amphicoelias 365, 366, 368, 370 Chirotherium 214–215, 219 amphisbaenians, work of Charig 95 environment 219–220 anatomy, comparative 23 Beaux, E. Cecilia (1855–1942), illustrator 138, 139, 146 Andrews, Roy Chapman (1884–1960) 69, 122 Becklespinax altispinax, pneumaticity 230–231, Andrews, Yvette 122 232, 363 Anning, Joseph (1796–1849) 14 belemnites, Oxford Clay Formation, Peterborough Anning, Mary (1799–1847) 24, 25, 113–116, 114, brick pits 53 145, 146, 147, 288 Benett, Etheldred (1776–1845) 117, 146 Dimorphodon macronyx 14, 115, 294 Bhattacharji, Durgansankar 166 Hawker’s ‘Crocodile’ 14 Birch, Lt.
    [Show full text]
  • Lyons SCIENCE 2021 the Influence of Juvenile Dinosaurs SUPPL.Pdf
    science.sciencemag.org/content/371/6532/941/suppl/DC1 Supplementary Materials for The influence of juvenile dinosaurs on community structure and diversity Katlin Schroeder*, S. Kathleen Lyons, Felisa A. Smith *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Published 26 February 2021, Science 371, 941 (2021) DOI: 10.1126/science.abd9220 This PDF file includes: Materials and Methods Supplementary Text Figs. S1 and S2 Tables S1 to S7 References Other Supplementary Material for this manuscript includes the following: (available at science.sciencemag.org/content/371/6532/941/suppl/DC1) MDAR Reproducibility Checklist (PDF) Materials and Methods Data Dinosaur assemblages were identified by downloading all vertebrate occurrences known to species or genus level between 200Ma and 65MA from the Paleobiology Database (PaleoDB 30 https://paleobiodb.org/#/ download 6 August, 2018). Using associated depositional environment and taxonomic information, the vertebrate database was limited to only terrestrial organisms, excluding amphibians, pseudosuchians, champsosaurs and ichnotaxa. Taxa present in formations were confirmed against the most recent available literature, as of November, 2020. Synonymous taxa or otherwise duplicated taxa were removed. Taxa that could not be identified to genus level 35 were included as “Taxon X”. GPS locality data for all formations between 200MA and 65MA was downloaded from PaleoDB to create a minimally convex polygon for each possible formation. Any attempt to recreate local assemblages must include all potentially interacting species, while excluding those that would have been separated by either space or time. We argue it is 40 acceptable to substitute formation for home range in the case of non-avian dinosaurs, as range increases with body size.
    [Show full text]
  • New Tyrannosaur from the Mid-Cretaceous of Uzbekistan Clarifies Evolution of Giant Body Sizes and Advanced Senses in Tyrant Dinosaurs
    New tyrannosaur from the mid-Cretaceous of Uzbekistan clarifies evolution of giant body sizes and advanced senses in tyrant dinosaurs Stephen L. Brusattea,1, Alexander Averianovb,c, Hans-Dieter Suesd, Amy Muira, and Ian B. Butlera aSchool of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, United Kingdom; bZoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; cDepartment of Sedimentary Geology, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199178, Russia; and dDepartment of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560 Edited by Neil H. Shubin, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, and approved January 29, 2016 (received for review January 5, 2016) Tyrannosaurids—the familiar group of carnivorous dinosaurs in- We here report the first diagnostic tyrannosauroid from the mid- cluding Tyrannosaurus and Albertosaurus—were the apex predators Cretaceous, a new species from the Turonian (ca. 90–92 million in continental ecosystems in Asia and North America during the years ago) Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan. This formation has latest Cretaceous (ca. 80–66 million years ago). Their colossal sizes recently emerged as one of the most important records of mid- and keen senses are considered key to their evolutionary and eco- Cretaceous dinosaurs globally (9–11). Possible tyrannosauroid logical success, but little is known about how these features devel- specimens from the Bissekty Formation were reported more than oped as tyrannosaurids evolved from smaller basal tyrannosauroids a half century ago (12), and, more recently, several isolated fossils that first appeared in the fossil record in the Middle Jurassic (ca. 170 were assigned to the group (9, 13), but none of these has been million years ago).
    [Show full text]
  • THE GENERA of REPTILES. By
    T he Genera of Re pt il e s. By BARON FRANCIS NOPCSA (Budapest). (Eingelangt am 11. Mai 1927.) Among all the Paleontologists living none has dealt with the recent and fossil reptiles with a wider grasp than Prof. L. D o l l o and at his anniversary it seems quite appropriate to review their whole array. The classification used in the following enumeration of all genera of reptiles is much the same as in my hook „Die Familien der Reptilien“; at this instance however an effort has been made to give a precise definition of every systematic unit. Alteration of the classification became necessary among the Dino- cephalians, the Nothosaurians, the Lacertilians (called here Sauroidea), the Coelurosauroidea and the Crocodilia. The new classification of the Sauroidea is intermediate between the classifications proposed by B o u l e n g e r and C a m p . Naturally as a rule only those fossil genera are referred to, that are more than simple catalogue numbers that facilitate the finding of the respective piece in a collection; indeterminable problematic genera of small interest have mostly been omitted. Extinct units and genera are marked in the lists with a cross ("j*). Difficulties of classification have been encountered in the Lacertilia and Ophidia, for in the new system the conventional families of recent Lizards and Serpents has been given subfamily rank and conse­ quently the different recent subfamilies had to be dropped. Instead of these subfamilies the minor units were separated by greek letters. — The tedious and complicated revision of the genera of recent Lizards and Snakes was done by Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Saurolophus Angustirostris (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae), from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Perinatal Specimens of Saurolophus angustirostris (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae), from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia Leonard Dewaele1,2*, Khishigjav Tsogtbaatar3, Rinchen Barsbold3, Géraldine Garcia4, Koen Stein5, François Escuillié6, Pascal Godefroit1 1 Directorate 'Earth and History of Life', Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, rue Vautier 29, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, 2 Research Unit Palaeontology, Department Geology and Soil Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Ghent, Belgium, 3 Institute of Paleontology and Geology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 210–351, Mongolia, 4 Université de Poitiers, IPHEP, UMR CNRS 7262, 6 rue M. Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France, 5 Earth System Science, AMGC, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium, 6 Eldonia, 9 Avenue des Portes Occitanes, 3800, Gannat, France * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Abstract Citation: Dewaele L, Tsogtbaatar K, Barsbold R, Garcia G, Stein K, Escuillié F, et al. (2015) Perinatal Specimens of Saurolophus angustirostris Background (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae), from the Upper The Late Cretaceous Nemegt Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia has already yielded abun- Cretaceous of Mongolia. PLoS ONE 10(10): dant and complete skeletons of the hadrosaur Saurolophus angustirostris, from half-grown e0138806. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138806 to adult individuals. Editor: Andrew A. Farke, Raymond M. Alf Museum of Paleontology, UNITED STATES Received: April 22, 2015 Methodology/Principal Findings Accepted: September 3, 2015 Herein we describe perinatal specimens of Saurolophus angustirostris, associated with fragmentary eggshell fragments. The skull length of these babies is around 5% that of the Published: October 14, 2015 largest known S. angustirostris specimens, so these specimens document the earliest Copyright: © 2015 Dewaele et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Saurolophus Angustirostris from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia with Comments on Saurolophus Osborni from Canada Author(S): Phil R
    Cranial Osteology and Ontogeny of Saurolophus angustirostris from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia with Comments on Saurolophus osborni from Canada Author(s): Phil R. Bell Source: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 56(4):703-722. 2011. Published By: Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.2010.0061 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.4202/app.2010.0061 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Cranial osteology and ontogeny of Saurolophus angustirostris from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia with comments on Saurolophus osborni from Canada PHIL R. BELL Bell, P.R. 2011. Cranial osteology and ontogeny of Saurolophus angustirostris from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia with comments on Saurolophus osborni from Canada. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 (4): 703–722. Reanalysis of the skull of the crested Asian hadrosaurine Saurolophus angustirostris confirms its status as a distinct spe− cies from its North American relative, Saurolophus osborni.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origin and Evolution of the Dinosaur Infraorder Carnosauria*
    PALEONTOLOGICHESKIY ZHURNAL 1989 No. 4 KURZANOV S. M. THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE DINOSAUR INFRAORDER CARNOSAURIA* Paleontological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Based on a revision of the systematic composition of the carnosaur families, a new diagram of the phylogenetic relationships within the infraorder is proposed. The question of carnosaurs cannot be considered to be resolved. Excluding the Triassic forms, carnosaurs in the broad or narrow sense have always been considered to be a group of theropods because they are only slightly different from them in fundamental features associated with large body size and a predatory lifestyle. The Late Triassic genera, such as Teratosaurus and Sinosaurus [33], were assigned to these on the basis of extremely meager material and without sufficient justification. This assignment has subsequently been rejected by most authors [13, 16, 17, 24, 25]. Huene [23] suggested that, along with the Sauropoda and Prosauropoda, the carnosaurs form a natural group Pachypodosauria, within which they are thought to be direct descendants of the prosauropods (the carnosaurs proceed directly from Teratosaurus through Magnosaurus). Studies of abundant cranial material (which actually belongs to Sellosaurus gracilis Huene) gave reason to think that the first species had been a prosauropod, whereas typical material (maxilla, ischium) belong to thecodonts from the family Poposauridae [24]. Huene’s diagram, which initially did not receive support, was widely propagated by the discovery of an unusual carnosaur Torvosaurus tanneri Galton et Jensen in the Upper Triassic deposits of Colorado [25]. The exceptionally plesiomorphic nature of some of its features, in the authors’ opinion, gave sufficient justification for removing them from the prosauropods.
    [Show full text]