ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT

LAND TO THE SOUTH OF STATION ROAD SUTTON CUM LOUND

PREPARED BY LANPRO SERVICES ON BEHALF OF WALKER & SON (HAULIERS) LTD.

August 2018

Lanpro Services Ltd. Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment: Land to the South of Station Road

Project Reference: 1155H/01

Document Prepared by: Ewan Chipping BA(Hons), MSc

Document Reviewed by: Paul Gajos MCIfA

Revision Reason for Update Document Updated

Contents

List of Figures ...... ii List of Plates ...... ii Non-Technical Summary ...... ii 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 2 LEGISLATION, POLICY AND GUIDANCE ...... 1 3 METHODOLOGY ...... 5 4 SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION ...... 7 5 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ...... 7 6 ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE ...... 10 7 IMPACT ASSESSMENT...... 11 8 CONCLUSIONS ...... 11 9 REFERENCES ...... 12

Figures Plates Appendix 1: Gazetteer of heritage assets

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List of Figures

Figure 1. The study site and search area with the location of NHLE and HER data

Figure 2. Extract from the 1886 25 inch County Series Ordnance Survey map

Figure 3. Extract from the 1896 25 inch County Series Ordnance Survey map

Figure 4. Extract from the 1921 25 inch County Series Ordnance Survey map

Figure 5. Extract from the 1948 6 inch County Series Ordnance Survey map

Figure 6. Extract from the 1956 6 inch County Series Ordnance Survey map

Figure 7. Extract from the 1964 1:2500 National Grid Ordnance Survey map

Figure 8. Extract from the 1984 1:10000 National Grid Ordnance Survey map

List of Plates

Plate 1. The norther side of the study site along Station Road, looking east Plate 2. View from the north east corner of the study site, looking south west Plate 3. View from the north west corner of the study site, looking south east

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Non-Technical Summary

Lanpro was commissioned by Walker & Son (Hauliers) Ltd. to produce an archaeological desk-based assessment to inform the planning application for a proposed residential development at Land to the South of Station Road, Sutton cum Lound. This addresses the information requirements set out in the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and provides the proportionate response sought by the NPPF.

The study site consists of 2.8ha situated to the south of Station Road, approximately 0.3km to the east of the centre of Sutton cum Lound. The site is currently occupied fields in pastural use. It is bounded to the west and south by field boundaries, to the north by Station Road, and to the east by Sutton Lane.

The assessment has established that there are no designated or recorded archaeological assets in the study site and that the proposed development will have no impact upon any designated heritage assets in the wider area.

The eastern part of the study site is identified by Council as an area of archaeological interest, however, the reasoning behind this is not made clear. The Nottinghamshire Historic Environment Record does not identify any archaeological sites within the study site and it is assumed that the district council have based the area of archaeological interest upon the historic core of the village (as identified by the HER) and a surrounding buffer zone. There is, however, nothing to suggest that the study site has ever formed anything other than agricultural land.

The available archaeological records, combined with the results of the analysis of historical mapping suggest it is unlikely there will be sub-surface remains dating to any period, if any remains are present these would likely comprise medieval agricultural evidence and be of negligible to local significance only.

The assessment concludes that further assessment of the site’s archaeological potential is not necessary to inform decision-making on the proposed planning application. Furthermore, given the low potential of the study site, it is considered that the imposition of a planning condition requiring further archaeological works would not be justified.

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 This archaeological desk-based assessment of land to the south of Station Road, Sutton cum Lound, Nottinghamshire has been prepared by Lanpro Services Limited on behalf of Walker & Son (Hauliers) Ltd.

1.2 This assessment has been undertaken to inform a planning application for a proposed residential development on the site.

1.3 This document provides an assessment of the potential for the survival of archaeological remains within the study site and assesses the potential impacts that the proposed development could have. This study focuses on archaeological and designated heritage assets, assessment of potential impacts upon non-designated built heritage is beyond the scope of the report.

1.4 The assessment has been undertaken to meet the requirements of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF; Chapter 16: ‘Conserving and enhancing the historic environment’, paragraph 189) and is in line with the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA) guidelines Standard and guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment (CIfA 2014).

2 LEGISLATION, POLICY AND GUIDANCE

2.1 In considering any planning application for development, the local planning authority will be guided by current legislation, the policy framework set by government planning policy, by current Local Plan policy and by other material considerations.

Current Legislation 2.2 The applicable legislative framework is summarised as follows:

• Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act (AMAAA) 1979; • Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (P(LBCA)) Act 1990

2.3 The AMAAA largely relates to Scheduled Monuments (SMs) and designated archaeological areas, detailing in particular what can and cannot be undertaken on archaeological grounds.

2.4 The P(LBCA) Act provides for the protection of Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas, and is largely expressed in the planning process through policies in regional and local planning guidance, as outlined above.

2.5 The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act of 1990 is the primary legislative instrument addressing the treatment of listed buildings and conservation areas through the planning process.

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National Planning Policy Framework

2.6 Section 16 of the NPPF, entitled Conserving and enhancing the historic environment provides guidance for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the conservation and investigation of heritage assets.

2.7 Overall, the objectives of Section 16 of the NPPF can be summarised as seeking the:

• Delivery of sustainable development

• Understanding the wider social, cultural, economic and environmental benefits brought by the conservation of the historic environment, and

• Conservation of 's heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance.

2.8 Section 16 of the NPPF recognises that intelligently managed change may sometimes be necessary if heritage assets are to be maintained for the long term. Paragraph 189 states that planning decisions should be based on the significance of the heritage asset, and that the level of detail supplied by an applicant should be proportionate to the importance of the asset and should be no more than sufficient to review the potential impact of the proposal upon the significance of that asset.

2.9 Heritage Assets are defined in Annex 2 of the NPPF as: ‘ A building, monument, site, place, area or landscape identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions, because of its heritage interest. It includes designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing)’.

2.10 Annex 2 also defines ‘Archaeological Interest’ as a heritage asset which holds or potentially could hold, evidence of past human activity worthy of expert investigation at some point. Heritage Assets with archaeological interest are the primary source of evidence about the substance and evolution of places, and of the people and cultures that made them.

2.11 A Designated Heritage Asset comprises a World Heritage Site, Scheduled Monument, Listed Building, Protected Wreck Site, Registered Park and Garden, Registered Battlefield or Conservation Area.

2.12 Significance is defined as: ‘The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. This interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting.’

2.13 In short, government policy provides a framework which:

• Protects nationally important designated Heritage Assets (which include World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings, Protected Wreck Sites, Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Battlefields or Conservation Areas)

• Protects the settings of such designations

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• In appropriate circumstances seeks adequate information (from desk based assessment and field evaluation where necessary) to enable informed decisions

• Provides for the excavation and investigation of sites not significant enough to merit in situ preservation.

Planning Practice Guide 2.14 The NPPG is a web-based resource which is to be used in conjunction with the NPPF. It is aimed at planning professionals and prescribes best practice within the planning sector. The relevant section is entitled ‘Conserving and enhancing the historic environment’. The guidance given in this section is effectively a condensed version of the PPS5 Practice Guide and sets out the best practice to applying government policy in the NPPF.

Local Planning Policy 2.15 The Bassetlaw District Council Core Strategy and Development Management Policies Development Plan Document sets out the strategic and spatial land-use planning framework for Bassetlaw and comprises the strategic objective, adopted in December 2011. The Core Strategy sets out strategic planning policies and development principles for Bassetlaw to guide development until 2026.

2.16 Local policy relating to the historic environment is detailed under Strategic Objective 9 (SO9) and the policy aimed to deliver SO9 is Policy DM8: The Historic environment. The relevant sections of each are reproduced here:

SO9:

To protect and enhance Bassetlaw’s heritage assets, identify those of local significance, advance characterisation and understanding of heritage asset significance, reduce the number of heritage assets at risk and ensure that development is managed in a way that sustains or enhances the significance of heritage assets and their setting.

POLICY DM8: THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT

Support will be given to development proposals or regeneration schemes (particularly in central Worksop, and Tuxford) that protect and enhance the historic environment and secure its long-term future, especially the District's Heritage at Risk. Such proposals must recognise the significance of heritage assets as a central part of the development. They will be expected to be in line with characterisation studies, village appraisals, conservation area appraisals (notably the site specific development briefs that may be found within them), archaeological reports and other relevant studies.

A. Definition of Heritage Assets Designated heritage assets in Bassetlaw include:

• Listed Buildings (including attached and curtilage structures);

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• Conservation Areas;

• Scheduled Monuments;

• Registered Parks and Gardens. Non- Designated assets in Bassetlaw include:

• Buildings of Local Interest;

• Areas of archaeological interest;

• Unregistered Parks and Gardens;

• Buildings, monuments, places, areas or landscapes positively identified as having significance in terms of the historic environment.

B. Development Affecting Heritage Assets There will be a presumption against development, alteration, advertising or demolition that will be detrimental to the significance of a heritage asset. Proposed development affecting heritage assets, including alterations and extensions that are of an inappropriate scale, design or material, or which lead to the loss of important spaces, including infilling, will not be supported. The setting of an asset is an important aspect of its special architectural or historic interest and proposals that fail to preserve or enhance the setting of a heritage asset will not be supported. Where appropriate, regard shall be given to any approved characterisation study or appraisal of the heritage asset. Development proposals within the setting of heritage assets will be expected to consider: Scale; Design; Materials; Siting; Views away from and towards the heritage asset.

C. Change of Use Affecting Heritage Assets The change of use of heritage assets, including Listed Buildings and buildings in Conservation Areas, will only be permitted where the proposed use is considered to be the optimum viable use that is compatible with the fabric, interior and setting of the building. Evidence supporting this will be submitted with proposals. New uses that adversely affect the fabric, character, appearance or setting of such buildings will not be permitted.

D. Shopfronts Proposals for replacement shopfronts or alterations to shopfronts affecting heritage assets will be expected to ensure that traditional shopfronts are retained wherever possible irrespective of the use of the property. New shopfronts will be expected to utilise traditional materials such as timber and be designed to respect the special interest of the building and its setting. 2.17 Part of the study site falls within an area of archaeological interest identified by Bassetlaw District Council. The reasoning for this identification is not clear as there are no corresponding records held by the Nottinghamshire Historic Environment Record (HER).

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Professional Guidance 2.18 The Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA) Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment (2014) provides guidelines and recommendations for best practice in undertaking archaeological desk-based research and assessment.

2.19 The Historic England publication Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 2: Managing Significance in Decision Taking in the Historic Environment (2015) outlines a seven-stage process for the assembly and analysis of relevant information relating to heritage assets potentially affected by a proposed development:

• Understand the wider social, cultural, economic and environmental benefits brought by the conservation of the historic environment; • Understand the significance of the affected assets; • Understand the impact of the proposal on that significance; • Avoid, minimise and mitigate impact in a way that meets the objectives of the NPPF; • Look for opportunities to better reveal or enhance significance; • Justify any harmful impacts in terms of the sustainable development objective of conserving significance and the need for change; and • Offset negative impacts on aspects of significance by enhancing others through recording, disseminating and archiving archaeological and historical interest of the important elements of the heritage assets affected. 2.20 In order to understand the nature, extent and level of significance the note advocates considering the four types of heritage value an asset may hold, as identified in Conservation Principles (English Heritage 2008): aesthetic, communal, historic and evidential. Significance results from a combination of any, some or all of the values.

2.21 The Historic England publication Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3 (Second Edition): The Setting of Heritage Assets Setting (2017) recognises that whilst setting is not a heritage asset, elements of a setting ‘may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may be neutral’ (para. 4). This guidance also notes that the contribution of setting to the significance of a heritage asset is often expressed by reference to views, although the importance of setting lies in what it contributes to the significance of the heritage asset, and this can be influenced by a number of other factors.

2.22 In order to assess the contribution made by setting to the significance of a heritage asset, and the implications of new developments, the guidance recommends that a systematic and staged approach to assessment should be adopted, namely: i) identify which heritage assets and their settings are affected; ii) assess the degree to which these settings make a contribution to the significance of the heritage asset(s) or allow significance to be appreciated; iii) assess the effects of the proposed development, whether beneficial or harmful, on that significance or on the ability to appreciate it;

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iv) explore the way to maximise enhancement and avoid or minimise harm; v) make and document the decision and monitor outcomes

3 METHODOLOGY

Information Sources 3.1 A gazetteer of all records held on the Nottinghamshire Historic Environment Record (HER) and the Historic England National Heritage List for England (NHLE) for within the search area is provided in Appendix 1, and their locations marked on a plan in Figure 1.

3.2 The following sources of information have been consulted in order to meet the requirements of the assessment and are in line with the guidelines laid down by the CIfA (CIfA 2014).

Archaeological records 3.3 Information on heritage assets and archaeological investigations for within a 1km search area was obtained from the HER and the NHLE.

Historical documentary and cartographic sources 3.4 The holdings of the Nottinghamshire Archives and other on-line repositories were consulted for historical maps and plans, and relevant documentary sources.

Designated heritage assets 3.5 Information on designated heritage assets was obtained from the HER and the NHLE.

Published and unpublished documentary sources 3.6 A range of published and unpublished material has been consulted, including the regional archaeological research framework, Heritage. An updated research agenda and strategy for the historic environment of the East Midlands (Knight et al. 2012) and sources on the wider archaeological and historical background.

Walkover Survey 3.7 A site walkover survey was undertaken on 31th July 2018 to provide a further assessment of the character of the study site and to appraise the potential impact of the proposed development on any archaeological heritage assets (see Plates 1 to 3). The site is occupied by meadow/pasture. No archaeological surface features or structures were identified.

Assessment Criteria Setting 3.8 The NPPF defines the setting of a heritage asset as: ‘The surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may be neutral’

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3.9 Historic England’s Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3: The Setting of Heritage Assets Setting (2017) was used to inform the methodology for this assessment which follows steps i) to iv) outlined in the guidance.

Significance 3.10 Paragraph 189 of the NPPF states that planning decisions should be based on the significance of the heritage asset, and that the level of detail supplied by an applicant should be proportionate to the importance of the asset and should be no more than sufficient to review the potential impact of the proposal upon the significance of that asset.

3.11 It is recognised that not all parts of a heritage asset will necessarily be of equal significance. In some cases, certain elements could accommodate change without affecting the significance of the asset. Change is only considered harmful if it erodes an asset’s significance. Understanding the significance of any heritage assets affected and any contribution made by their setting (paragraph 189, NPPF 2018) is therefore fundamental to understanding the scope for and acceptability of change.

3.12 Assessment of significance has been undertaken in accordance with the methodology outlined in Historic England’s Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 2: Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment (2015).

4 SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION

4.1 The study site consists of approximately 2.8ha situated between Sutton Lane and Station Road, approximately 0.3km to the south west of the centre of Sutton cum Lound (centred at SK 67674 84399; Figure 1).

4.2 The site is bounded to the north by the gardens of properties fronting station Lane, to the east by gardens of properties fronting Sutton Lane, and to the south and west by arable land and pasture.

4.3 The study site is largely flat, lying at approximately 12mAOD. However, a slight natural hollow extends across the site from the south-east to north-west.

4.4 The recorded bedrock geology within the study site comprises Chester Formation - Sandstone, Pebbly (gravelly), with overlying drift geology recorded as River Terrace Deposits, 1 - Sand and Gravel (BGS 2018).

5 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Introduction 5.1 This section reviews existing archaeological evidence for the study site and the archaeological and historical background of the general area, based on a consideration of evidence in the Nottinghamshire HER and the NHLE. It is not the purpose of this document to create a detailed

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archaeological or historical narrative of the area, but to provide an assessment of the study site’s historical development and archaeological potential in accordance with the NPPF.

Designated Heritage Assets 5.2 The study site contains no designated heritage assets.

5.3 There are 2 Listed Buildings within the 1km search area, all of which are over 500m from the study site (Figure 1). None of these is inter-visible with the study site.

5.4 There are no Conservation Areas within the search area or any other designated heritage assets (i.e. Scheduled Monuments, Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Battlefields or World Heritage Sites).

Non-designated heritage assets 5.5 The study site contains no recorded non-designated heritage assets. The HER contains 37 ‘monument’ and 1 ‘event’ records for within the search area.

5.6 Details of all HER records are listed in a gazetteer in Appendix 1 and their positions marked on Figure 1. The HER records relating to archaeological remains, finds or investigations within the search area breakdown as follows. Some records cover more than one period:-

Period Within Study Site Within Search Area

Prehistoric 0 0

Roman 0 2

Medieval 0 5

Post-medieval/ Modern 0 25

Undated 0 7

Prehistoric Period (c. 9500 BC – c. AD 43) 5.7 There is no recorded evidence for prehistoric activity within the study site itself nor does the HER contain any records within the 1km search area. Furthermore, there seems to be little documented evidence of prehistoric activity at Sutton cum Lound.

5.8 The wider area of this part of Bassetlaw contains numerous records of prehistoric field systems and settlement, predominantly identified by aerial photography and there are a number of undated cropmarks within the search area (see section ** below) that are potentially of prehistoric date.

5.9 The slight natural depression crossing the study site, which is likely to have been subject to seasonal waterlogging will have made the study site an unattractive location for any settlement activity. The study site is, therefore, considered to have a very low potential for significant prehistoric activity.

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5.10 Due to the severe lack of evidence on the HER and other documentary sources, it is difficult to assess the extent based on the current evidence. However, it is considered that there is low potential for the presence of prehistoric remains within the study site.

Roman Period (c.AD 43 – c. AD 410) 5.11 There is no recorded evidence for Roman period activity in the study site.

5.12 The HER records a group of small rectilinear enclosures as of probable Roman date located c.600m south west from the study site (MNT15419). A similar larger enclosure is also recorded c.300 south of the site (MNT15420).

5.13 The slight natural depression crossing the study site, which is likely to have been subject to seasonal waterlogging will have made the study site an unattractive location for any settlement activity. Therefore, whilst the presence of outlying field systems cannot be discounted, the study site is considered to have a low potential to contain significant Roman archaeological remains.

Medieval Period (c.AD 410 – c. AD 1540) 5.14 There is no recorded evidence for medieval activity in the study site.

5.15 Sutton cum Lound is recorded in Domesday Book, listed under the hundred of Bassetlaw, where the Archbishop of York held manorial rights in 1086.

5.16 The most significant evidence for the medieval period is St. Bartholomew’s Church located 600m north east of the study site. The church was not listed in Domesday Book, but the HER records numerous entries for the Church generally dated to the Medieval period (c.12th century) covering all aspects of the buildings architecture (MNT4858, MNT9364, MNT9365, MNT15459).

5.17 The study site is sufficiently removed from the likely focus of medieval settlement around the church to have some confidence that there is a negligible potential for settlement remains of these periods to be present. The site is likely to have formed part of Sutton’s open field system throughout the medieval period. Any surviving remains relating to agricultural activity would be of negligible significance.

Post-Medieval and Modern Periods (c.1540 – Present) 5.18 Sutton cum Lound is shown in the 1849 Tithe Map however this lacks sufficient detail to be able to accurately locate the site, showing only limited plots of land. The site is also shown on Sanderson’s map from which was extracted the Historic Village core of Sutton cum Lound by the HER.

5.19 The first map to show the site in any real detail was the 1886 Ordnance Survey map in which the study site is located across the majority of one large plot and a small portion of land to the west and a property along Sutton Lane (Figure 2). This remains much the same in the 1896, 1921 and 1948 Ordnance Survey maps (Figures 3-5).

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5.20 By the 1956 Ordnance Survey map land to the north of the site has been partitioned and some buildings constructed, presumable the properties fronting Station Road (Figure 6). This can be seen to have developed in the 1964 Ordnance Survey map where there are several more houses, the site itself remains relatively unchanged (Figure 7).

5.21 The 1984 Ordnance Survey map shows the site in much the same as present day (Figure 8).

5.22 The HER records a large number of post-medieval/modern local interest building in its records some as close as 30m from the site, for example 1 Station Road (MNT2473). However, as the majority are some distance from the site (c.300m) and not visible due to intervening modern development they are not considered in detail. Those that are located along Sutton Lane (No’s 2-4, 22-24 and 28) have no historic links with the study site and there is no potential for any associated archaeological remains within the study site. There is also a non-designated garden recorded c.1km from the study site denoting the grounds of House (MNT26634).

5.23 The field pattern of the study site and surrounding area would not suggest that the study site had ever formed part of back plots (crofts) for properties along either Sutton Lane or Station Road. The study site is considered to have no archaeological potential for the post-medieval and modern period.

Undated

5.24 A number of undated cropmarks and earthworks are present within the 1km study area. An undated group of marks c.350m south east of the site is recorded as a enclosure and trackway, tentatively described as Roman but undated (MLN4782). Similar rectangular marks are noted c.100m west of the site (MNT4821), c.500m north (MNT4833) and c.500m east (MNT10617). Cropmarks of linear features, a possible droveway, are also located c.1km north west of the site (MNT4774) and possible field boundaries are noted c.500m south of the site (MNT4781). Undated linear banks and hollows are noted c.600m north east of the site (MN6079).

6 ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

Designated heritage assets 6.1 The study site contains no designated heritage assets.

6.2 There are 2 Listed Buildings within the 1km search area, all of which are over 500m from the study site. The study site is not considered to form part of the settings of any of these buildings and as such does not contribute to their significance.

Non-designated heritage assets 6.3 The study site contains no recorded non-designated heritage assets.

Potential sub-surface archaeological remains 6.4 Recorded evidence from the area surrounding the study site, combined with the localised topographic conditions within the study site, would suggest that there is a low potential for

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archaeological remains of any period with the possible exception of remains relating to medieval agricultural practices.

6.5 Should any remains be present their significance would be vested in their evidential value. Based on recorded evidence any medieval remains are likely to represent agricultural activity and be of negligible significance.

6.6 The study site comprises arable farmland. Past ploughing is likely to have had a moderate but widespread archaeological impact.

6.7 There is no evidence to suggest that the site contains, or has the potential to contain, any archaeological remains of sufficient importance to preclude or constrain development.

7 IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Proposed development 7.1 The development proposals consist of the construction of residential houses with associated infrastructure. Detailed proposals are currently not available.

Designated heritage assets 7.2 The proposed development will have no impact upon any designated heritage assets.

Potential sub-surface archaeological remains 7.3 Should any archaeological remains be present in the study site it is unlikely that they would survive the construction process unless they coincide with areas of open space. However, this assessment has established that there is low potential for the presence of significant remains of any period to be present.

8 CONCLUSIONS

8.1 This archaeological desk-based assessment draws together the available archaeological, historical, topographic and land-use information in order to clarify the significance and archaeological potential of land proposed for residential development at Land to the South of Station Road, Sutton cum Lound. It addresses the information requirements set out in the NPPF and provides the proportionate response sought by the NPPF.

8.2 The assessment has established that there are no designated or recorded heritage assets in the study site and that the proposed development will have no impact upon any designated heritage assets.

8.3 The eastern part of the study site falls within an area of archaeological interest defined by Bassetlaw District Council. It is unclear how the district council identified the area as it does not correspond with any records held by the Nottinghamshire Historic Environment Record. It is therefore assumed that the area represents a buffer zone around the ‘historic core’ of the

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village as identified by the HER, which is in turn based upon early 19th century mapping. There is, however, nothing to suggest that the study site has ever formed anything other than agricultural land.

8.4 The available archaeological records, combined with the results of the analysis of historical mapping suggest it is unlikely there will be sub-surface remains dating to any period, if any remains are present these would likely comprise medieval agricultural evidence and be of negligible to local significance only.

8.5 The assessment concludes that further assessment of the site’s archaeological potential is not necessary to inform decision-making on the proposed planning application. Furthermore, given the low potential of the study site, it is considered that the imposition of a planning condition requiring further archaeological works would not be justified.

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9 REFERENCES

BGS 2018, British Geological Survey website, www.bgs.ac.uk/data/mapViewers/home.html (last accessed 19th July 2018) CIfA 2014, Standard and guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment DCLG 2012, National Planning Policy Framework DCMS 2010, Scheduled Monuments. Identifying, protecting, conserving and investigating nationally important archaeological sites under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. March 2010 English Heritage 2010, Understanding Place English Heritage 2011a, The Setting of Heritage Assets English Heritage,2011b, Seeing the History in the View Historic England, 2017, Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning: Note 3 (second edition) – The Setting of Heritage Assets Knight, D., Vyner, B. amd Allen, C., 2012, East Midlands Heritage. An Updated Research Agenda and Strategy for the Historic Environment of the East Midlands Page, W., 1906, Victoria History of the Counties of England: Nottinghamshire, vol. I

Historical Mapping

Ordnance Survey 1886, County Series 25 inch map Ordnance Survey 1896, County Series 25 inch map Ordnance Survey 1921, County Series 25 inch map Ordnance Survey 1948, County Series 6 inch map Ordnance Survey 1956, County Series 6 inch map Ordnance Survey 1964, National Grid Series 1:2500 scale map Ordnance Survey 1984, National Grid Series 1:10000 scale map Ordnance Survey 1990, National Grid Series 1:10000 scale map

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Figures

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Study Site

Search Area

Listed Building

Park/Garden

HER Monument

Historic Village Core

0 100 200 300 400 500 m

Figure 1. The study site and search area with the locaons of NHLE and HER data.

© Crown copyright 2017 OS Licence 100059060

Lanpro Services Ltd. Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment: Land to the South of Station Road

Plates

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Plate 1. The norther side of the study site along Station Road, looking east

Plate 2. View from the north east corner of the study site, looking south west

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Plate 3. View from the north west corner of the study site, looking south east

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Appendix 1: Gazetteer of heritage assets

The following table provides details of heritage assets recorded on the Nottingham City HER and on the Historic England National Heritage List for England within 500m of the study site. These have been listed in order of their HER and NHLE references, and their locations are marked on Figure 1.

Designation/Event Ref. No. Name Description NGR Period type

HER monument records: Linear features, possible droveway. Linear features, Trench for water main along Great North Road. The trench section did not reveal evidence of MNT4774 SK 663 848 Unknown date Barnby Moor ancient features … either due to the constraints on observation of the narrow trench or truncation of features during the construction of the road. Linear features, probably field boundaries, continuation of L 4839, to E MNT4781 Linear features, Sutton SK 677 838 Unknown date

2 long parallel lines and what may be a large enclosure. Large enclosure is subdivided. Other linear features adjoin the 2 parallel lines to form a rectilinear ? field system. Partly destroyed by quarrying. Enclosures & linear MNT4782 Cropmarks N of Sutton crossroads of a large cluster of at least 5 subrectangular enclosures, SK 684 837 Unknown date features, Sutton partly destroyed by a gravel pit, at the end of 2 long boundaries, and associated with brickwork plan fields probably of Ro date. The area of the remains is 1.2Ha and 2 fields are 1.8 and 1.9Ha. Subrectangular Subrectangular enclosure with smaller rectangle in N angle. Linear features nearby. enclosure with internal Cropmarks between Barnby Moor and Sutton of a subrectangular enclosure 0.3Ha in area, MNT4821 SK 671 843 Unknown date divisions, with a small compartment in one corner. There appear to be further enclosures, but these have Barnby Moor been obliterated by a modern road which crosses the site. There is no trace of fields A subrectangular enclosure with internal divisions. Enclosure with internal MNT4833 Some confusuion over position, may be SK 671851 SK 673 850 Unknown date divisions, Sutton Railway station, 1849, disused. Banks on either of the line to the NW of the crossing gates indicate site of original platforms. MNT4854 Railway station, Sutton SK 6737 8440 Modern Iron bar supports still visible. Opened 1849, closed 1949. Station master's house remains. Booking office windows now being bricked in Perpendicular Tower and arcade are Perpendicular structure of St MNT4858 Bartholomew's SK 6809 8498 Medieval Church, Sutton

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A hollow way marks the line of a footpath running from Sutton Church, NW to Torworth. MNT6079 Hollow way, Sutton Several irregular hollows, perhaps quarry pits, have been excavated into the N bank of the SK 6814 8500 Unknown date hollow way at its S end C14 features of St Chancel has C14 windows with curvilinear tracery. Nave has C14 windows to S. MNT9364 Bartholomew's SK 6809 8498 Medieval Church, Sutton Norman structure of St Chancel has a rebuilt Norman arch Bartholomew's MNT9365 SK 6809 8498 Medieval Church, Sutton C19 structure of St Restored in 1857 MNT9366 Bartholomew's SK 6809 8499 Modern Church, Sutton none Cropmark enclosures MNT10617 SK 6831 8443 Unknown date at sutton Groups of small rectilinear enclosures (probably 3 groups, each of 2 or 3 adjacent and adjoining enclosures). Other related linear (field) boundaries separating the 3 groups. Modern field boundaries now also cropmarks. Settlement, Barnby Cropmarks of 11 subrectangular enclosures, 0.8Ha overall. At SK 672833 is a C-shaped mark. MNT15419 SK 669 836 Roman Moor 3 fields at SK 668836 1.9 and 2.1Ha in area. At SK 673838 a circle with an entrance, probably a round house, c120m diam Pipeline over Knives Hill watched and recorded 2 long parallel lines and what may be a large enclosure. Large enclosure is subdivided. Other linear features adjoin the 2 parallel lines to form a rectilinear ? field system. Partly destroyed by quarrying. MNT15420 Settlement, Sutton Cropmarks N of Sutton crossroads of a large cluster of at least 5 subrectangular enclosures, SK 682 836 Roman partly destroyed by a gravel pit, at the end of 2 long boundaries, and associated with brickwork plan fields probably of Ro date. The area of the remains is 1.2Ha and 2 fields are 1.8 and 1.9Ha Railway station, 1849, disused. Banks on either of the line to the NW of the crossing gates indicate site of original platforms. MNT15455 Railway station, Sutton SK 6737 8440 Modern Iron bar supports still visible. Opened 1849, closed 1949. Station master's house remains. Booking office windows now being bricked in Tower, nave, north aisle and chapel, chancel and south porch. Chancel has a rebuilt Norman Church of St arch and C14 windows with curvilinear tracery. Nave has C14 windows to S. Tower and arcade MNT15459 SK 6808 8497 Medieval Bartholomew, Sutton are Perpendicular. Late C15 S door, screen c.1500, poppy head bench ends late C15. Restored in 1857 GATE PIERS AND Gate piers and gates. Late C18 and C19 GATES TO SUTTON MNT18990 SK 68067 84812 Modern MANOR GROUNDS FARMHOUSE EAST C18, slightly altered MNT21511 OF CHURCH OF ST SK 68200 84900 Modern BARTHOLOMEW

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None 20 & 22 STATION MNT22973 SK 67646 84524 Modern ROAD

OLD FORGE / None MNT22980 FORGE HOUSE - SK 68212 84932 Modern DEMOLISHED None SUTTON MANOR / MNT22981 SK 68096 84849 Modern MANOR HOUSE None MNT22982 3 & 5 TOWN STREET SK 67810 84571 Modern

None MNT22983 MANOR FARM SK 68225 84858 Modern

None 1-4 PORTLAND MNT22990 SK 68129 84739 Modern COTTAGES None MNT22991 2 STATION ROAD SK 67794 84570 Modern

None ROCKERY MNT22992 SK 68264 84824 Modern COTTAGES

COACH AND None MNT23005 HORSES PUBLIC SK 68163 84831 Modern HOUSE None MNT24567 WEST VIEW SK 68291 84834 Modern

None WESTBOURNE MNT24615 SK 68184 84887 Modern COTTAGE None MNT24732 7 MIRE LANE SK 67914 84798 Modern

None MNT24733 1 STATION ROAD SK 67770 84515 Modern

None MNT24743 YEW COTTAGE SK 67963 84742 Modern

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None MNT24752 11 MIRE LANE SK 67877 84818 Modern

1 MIRE LANE AND None MNT24755 ADJOINING 31 TOWN SK 67947 84783 Modern STREET None MNT24756 ROSE COTTAGE SK 67876 84670 Modern

Named 'Bellmoor MNT25284 Bellmoor Farm SK 68809 84399 Modern

GARDEN - None Grounds at Barnby MNT26634 SK 66544 84146 Modern Moor House Parish church, C12, C14, C15,restored 1857. Ashlar with some coursed rubble with single ridge, nave, chancel and porch crosses. Buttressed and set on a moulded plinth with a string course running over. Tower, nave, north aisle and chapel, chancel and south porch. The angle buttressed tower of base and 2 stages has a C15 arched 3-light west window with panel tracery. There is a hoodmould over and a string course under. The bell chamber has 4 C15 2- light arched openings each with panel tracery, cusping, hoodmould and label stops. The tower is embattled with 8 crocketed pinnacles. Guttering runs under, having 2 gargoyles to each side. Under the south and east bell chamber openings are single C20 clock faces. There is a single small rectangular light to the south wall, with 3 similar to the west. The angle buttressed and embattled north aisle has in the west wall a single window with 2 arched lights under a flat head. The north wall has a chamfered arched doorway and 4 windows, each with 3 lights under a flat head. The eastern most 3 are in smaller openings and were probably once arched. The angle buttressed east wall has a single window with 5 arched lights under a flat head. At the angle is a crocketed pinnacle. The east chancel has a large restored C14 arched 5-light window with elaborate and fine curvilinear tracery with cusping. Over is a hoodmould and label CHURCH OF ST stops. To the right, above the string course, is a niche with cusped ogee arch. Over is a 1239776 SK 68093 84974 Grade I Medieval BARTHOLOMEW hoodmould with label stops and crocketed finial. The parapet has corner crocketed pinnacles. The south wall is embattled with 6 crocketed pinnacles. The guttering has small gargoyles. The south chancel has 2 restored C14 arched 3-light windows with fine curvilinear tracery with cusping, hoodmoulds and label stops. In the centre is an arched doorway with open cusped tracery under the arch decorated with 2 foliate carved orbs, with hoodmould and label stops over. The south nave has 2 restored C14 arched 3- light windows with tracery, cusping, hoodmoulds and label stops. The buttressed and embattled south porch has crocketed pinnacles at the angles, with single similar pinnacles to the east and west walls. There is a double chamfered arch with moulded imposts and hoodmould with label stops over. The interior roof of stone is supported on transverse arches. The inner doorway, originally taller, narrower and arched, now has a flat head with late C15 wooden door with blind tracery. Interior. A 3 bay arcade with octagonal piers, plain moulded capitals, double chamfered arches and responds separates nave and aisle. There is a double chamfered tower arch, the inner arch being supported on corbels. The restored C12 moulded chancel arch is supported either side on 2 engaged shafts with scalloped capitals. Between north aisle and north chapel is a section of a chamfered arch, supported at the north by a single capital upon a corbel. Chancel

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Lanpro Services Ltd. Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment: Land to the South of Station Road

and north chapel are separated by a 3 bay arcade of octagonal columns with plain moulded capitals supporting double chamfered arches. In the south chancel wall is a tripartite sedilia and piscina, each with arch over. The east wall has a small corbel for a statue. In the south wall of the north chapel is an arched niche, in the north wall is a horizontal rectangular niche and a C14 tomb recess under a cusped and sub-cusped ogee arch, with hoodmould, label stops and finial over. Rising from the stops are single shafts with foliate decorated finials. In the eastern most arcade bay of the chancel is an early C16 screen. There are similarly designed later screens under the tower arch between the north aisle and north chapel and in the western most bay of the chancel arcade. There are several late C15 pews with blind tracery and poppy heads. In the chancel are 2 early C17 carved oak benches and a carved chair. In the nave is a C15 oak almsbox and a heavy C15 oak chest, both with ironwork. The font and pulpit are both C19. On the north aisle wall is a monument to John D'Arcy Clark, 1838. With a swag on the apron and an urn on the crown. There is a similar one, 1842 to George Clark. The south chancel wall has a monument by J. H. Worth, Retford. In the tower is a hatchment donated by Sir Kay Ed. Cookson, 1799 and an alms board. GATE PIERS AND Gate piers and gates. Late C18 and C19. Ashlar and wood. Pair of late c18 rusticated ashlar 1239883 GATES TO SUTTON gate piers with coping supporting single ashlar pedestals and orbs. With double C19 wooden SK 68066 84812 Grade II Modern MANOR GROUNDS gates

Events:

Watching Brief at ENT231) Knives Hill, Barnby Pipeline over hill watched and recorded none Moor

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