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Sewage Sludge in PL Policy – Working Material

The HELCOM Workshop on nutrient in the Baltic Sea countries, 27-28 March 2017, Berlin Organized by: Julius Kühn-Institut and HELCOM in cooperation with the European Union Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region Policy Areas Bioeconomy, Hazards and Nutri PL national statistics (Central Statistical Office) A BREAKDOWN OF THE TOTAL SLUDGE FROM MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS GENERATED DURING 2014 BY DIFFERENT FORMS OF PROCESSING 22,0 4% 31,5 6% applied in land reclamation including reclamation of land for agricultural purposes (↓) 46,3 8% landfilled (↓)

556,0 thousand tonnes of dry solid = 100% 84,2 15% applied in cultivation of plants intended for production (↑)

107,2 thermally transformed (↑) 19%

applied in agriculture (meaning cultivation of all crops marketed, including crops designed to produce Own elaboration on the basis of PL national fodder) (→↑) statistics (Central Statistical Office) A BREAKDOWN OF THE TOTAL FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS GENERATED DURING 2014 BY DIFFERENT FORMS OF PROCESSING 1,7 0% applied in cultivation of plants 20,9 intended for compost production (↑) 5% 80,2 applied in agriculture (meaning 411,4 thousand tonnes of dry solid = 100% 20% cultivation of all crops marketed, including crops designed to produce fodder) (↓)

thermally transformed (↑)

95,0 103,7 23% 25% applied in land reclamation including reclamation of land for agricultural purposes (→↓)

landfilled (→↓)

Own elaboration on the basis of PL national statistics (Central Statistical Office) NATIONAL PLAN 2022

• adopted in 2016 • based on WASTE ACT of 2012 on waste • based on EU waste management legislation • refers to waste catalogue : – 20 main groups divided into: – many sub-groups divided into: – types of waste; = sewage sludge

NATIONAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN 2022 –WHERE IS SLUDGE

1. municipal waste, including waste and other biodegradable waste 2. waste products: – waste oils – waste batteries and waste accumulators – WEEE – end-of-life vehicles – end-of-life tyres – packagings and 3. : – medical and veterinary waste – PCB-containing waste – asbestos-containing waste – waste repositories 4. other waste: – waste from construction, renovation and dismantling of buildings and road infrastructure – municipal sewage sludge – biodegradable waste other than municipal waste (groups 02, 03, 19) – waste from the selected sectors of the economy, whose management is problematic (groups 01, 06, 10) – waste in the marine environment MUNICIPAL SEWAGE SLUDGE – CURRENT STATE

Existing management system - follows the : • prevent (disintegration, stabilisation, sanitisation, dehydration or use as organic fertilisers) – most desirable • recycle – organic recycling (composting for fertilisation) and mineral recycling (P recovery or cement kilns) • use recovery (directly on the ground, in composting plants, plants or cement kilns, energy recovery) • dispose (, landfilled after treatment) - least desirable

Existing MSS management installations • 11 MSS incineration plants with the total capacity of 160.3 thous. Mg d.w./year. = 2014 (52.53% of the capacity used). • MSS is also managed outside the installations, mainly under the R10 recovery operation (2014 = 175.5 thousand Mg d.w.). • MSS is also processed in composting plants, biogas plants, co-incinerated as an alternative fuel, including in cement kilns (9.8 thous. Mg=2012), and disposed in .

Problems identified: • too general requirements on how to manage • absence of a clear definition • Doubts about effectiveness of legal requirements • planning WWTPs does not take into account appropriate solutions • many and sewage companies are not able to finance management installations • the capacity of incineration plants is not fully used • discrepancies in officially available data, methodologies

SEWAGE SLUDGE OTHER THAN COMMUNAL – CURRENT STATE biodegradable waste other than municipal waste (groups 02, 03, 19) Group 02 – waste from agriculture, horticulture, aquaculture, fisheries, forestry, hunting and ; RECOVERY;  Group 03 – waste from wood processing and from the production of panels and furniture, pulp, and cardboard; RECOVERY;  Group 19 – waste from installations and devices used for waste management, from wastewater treatment plants and from treatment of water intended for human consumption or water for industrial us DISPOSAL; 

waste from the selected sectors of the economy, whose management is problematic (incl. group 06) group 06 – from the manufacture, formulation, supply and use of inorganic chemical products; DISPOSAL; , RECOVERY

FORECAST FOR THE NEXT YEARS

Municipal sewage sludge • dry weight will increase by about 2-3% yearly • MSS requiring management in a manner other than the application in agriculture or land reclamation will increase within inland reservoirs protected areas (planned)

Biodegradable waste other than municipal waste (including sewage sludge) • Group 02 should slightly decrease by 1.5% each year due to increase in transforming by-products into food components • Group 03 will be increased by 1.5-2.5% a year due to growing demand for paper and cardboard (economical development) • Group 19 will increase in the following years by several percent per year due to growing demand for water for human consumption or industrial use (economical development)

Waste from the selected sectors of the economy, whose management is problematicy (including sewage sludge) • Group 06 should not be excessively increased

OBJECTIVES

Municipal sewage sludge • to give up landfilling completely • to increase the amount of MSS treated before introduced into the environment • to increase the amount of MSS subject to incineration • to maximise the level of use of nutrients contained in sludge, while meeting all the requirements regarding sanitary, chemical and environmental safety

Biodegradable waste other than municipal waste (including sewage sludge) • by 2022 and beyond, to maintain the weight of landfilled waste at the level of not more than 40% of the weight of generated waste

Waste from problematic sectors (including sewage sludge from group 06)

• to increase the share of waste subject to recovery operations • to reduce the weight of generated waste in relation to the production volume

MEASURES

Municipal sewage sludge • to clarify the legislation • to update of the National Programme for Municipal Waste Water Treatment • to apply consistent terminology • to standardise the method of collecting the information • to design installations to obtain the desired properties • to develop regional solutions • rational management of thermal transformation (esp. to recover phosphorus from landfilling ash); • to determine how to calculate dry matter content • to decide when sludge is a part of wastewater and when - waste

Biodegradable waste other than municipal waste • to develop of technical infrastructure • to , recovery, including recycling • to implement Directions of the development of agricultural biogas plants for the years 2010-2020

Waste from the selected sectors of the economy, whose management is problematic

• to re-design processes so that their environmental impact is minimal • to include waste management in the design phase • landfilling • inspections • inventory • to increase recovery

MONITORING

• Monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the objectives set out for MSS • inspections with regard to sewage sludge management: national inspection of environmental protection • Indicators:

Other waste – MSS  Weight of generated MSS (thous. Mg, thous. Mg dry weight)  % of the weight of generated MSS subject to incineration  % of the weight of generated MSS directly applied on the ground  % of the weight of generated MSS recovered using other methods Other waste – biodegradable waste – other than municipal waste  % of the weight of landfilled biodegradable waste (other than municipal waste) in relation to the weight of generated waste Other waste – waste from the selected sectors of the economy  Weight of extractive waste (as the total of: a. waste from flotation enrichment of non-ferrous metal ores, b. waste generated in washing and cleaning of minerals) in relation to the weight of a product (brown coal, lignite and copper in total) Mg/Mg

NATIONAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN 2022 vs. NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT

• NPMWWT provides the list of big agglomerations with the need to construct, expand and modernise WWTPs (to comply with 91/271/EEC)

• NWMP 2022 complements NPMWWT • says how MSS can be managed after stablisation: • applied directly on land or • recovered in compost or biogas installations or by organic recykling (including composting with other waste in order to produce a product of standarised quality and put it on the market according to regulations on manure and fertilisation) • or disposed by thermical transformation in incineration facilities THE END