DOCSLIB.ORG

Solid Waste and Bio Medical Waste Generation and Its Management

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Solid Waste and Bio Medical Waste Generation and Its Management Solid Waste and Bio Medical Waste Generation and Its Management Constructional Phase Solid Waste Solid waste during constructional phase was mainly of excavated earth, concrete debris with bits and pieces of steel, insulation materials for air-conditioning and packaging materials, cement bags, waste papers, cardboard packing materials etc. Solid wastes which were saleable were sold off to recyclers. Rest was disposed off in areas designated by the local authority. Operational Phase Solid Waste Approximately 273 Kgs municipal waste per day- mainly food waste i.e. Biodegradable solid waste (other than Bio-medical waste) and 274 Kgs. of Non biodegradable solid waste (other than Bio-medical waste) per day is generated in the Fortis Hospital. Adequate number of collection bins, separately for biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes have been provided as per Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rule, 2000. Waste form such bins are being collected separately on daily basis. Planned and timely collection at the place of origin by housekeeping staff and closed transport to storage yard is also recommended. Collected wastes are stored separately in a secured enclosure within the premises from where wastes are being collected by the Municipal Authority on daily basis for ultimate disposal. Non biodegradable waste is being sold to vendors for recycling. About 100 Kgs of Bio-Medical wastes per day is generated which is being collected timely in a planned manner at the place of origin as per State Pollution control norms by housekeeping staff and closed transport to closed storage yard is being done. Colour coded special closed containers have been provided as storage yard which are being removed by M/S. Semb Ramky Environmental Management Pvt. Ltd. for disposal by safe transport method. Tie up arrangement would be made with KMC for the disposal of Bio- Medical Wastes in an approved central Incinerator for Biomedical waste disposal on a routine and regular basis as per the State Pollution Control norms and regulations or the Bio- Medical Wastes would be disposed by the agency appointed by local body for BMW disposal. In general the BMW disposal will abide the regulation of Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 1998, Amended on 2000. Agreement with M/S. Semb Ramky Environmental Management Pvt. Ltd. appointed for BMW disposal (Annexure - 2). Liquid Waste A sewage treatment plant (STP) for whole campus based on ASP (Activated Sludge Process) followed by tertiary treatment has been set-up in the project. Design Capacity of the Sewage Treatment Plant is – 270 KLD. Hazardous Wastes Spent Oil generated from DG sets and other wastes are being sold to recyclers authorized by State Pollution Control Board. Operational Phase Diluted Formaldehyde (1:10) is being used for OT and other sterilization. About 10 liters Formaldehyde per month is being used. Formalin is routinely used for preservation of dead bodies / cadavers in a wet bath tub type covered tanks. About 30 liters Formalin per month is used and the spillover formaldehyde usually drained through a separate drainage pipeline to ETP and treated effluent is disposed off in a more natural way. X- Ray developer i.e Silver Nitrate is used. After use of Silver Nitrate it is sold to commercial venders. Solvents like Ammonium Chloride are used in hospital labs and in the practical labs of the students. Mercury is only used in thermometers and it may be hazardous in case of accidental poisoning or otherwise it has no role in hospital as hospital waste. Scavenging and Waste Anesthetic Gases (WAGs) system is followed and in this system no anesthetic gases are harming or polluting as before. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Non-Incineration Medical Waste Treatment Technologies
    Non-Incineration Medical Waste Treatment Technologies A Resource for Hospital Administrators, Facility Managers, Health Care Professionals, Environmental Advocates, and Community Members August 2001 Health Care Without Harm 1755 S Street, N.W. Unit 6B Washington, DC 20009 Phone: 202.234.0091 www.noharm.org Health Care Without Harm 1755 S Street, N.W. Suite 6B Washington, DC 20009 Phone: 202.234.0091 www.noharm.org Printed with soy-based inks on Rolland Evolution, a 100% processed chlorine-free paper. Non-Incineration Medical Waste Treatment Technologies A Resource for Hospital Administrators, Facility Managers, Health Care Professionals, Environmental Advocates, and Community Members August 2001 Health Care Without Harm www.noharm.org Preface THE FOUR LAWS OF ECOLOGY . Meanwhile, many hospital staff, such as Hollie Shaner, RN of Fletcher-Allen Health Care in Burlington, Ver- 1. Everything is connected to everything else, mont, were appalled by the sheer volumes of waste and 2. Everything must go somewhere, the lack of reduction and recycling efforts. These indi- viduals became champions within their facilities or 3. Nature knows best, systems to change the way that waste was being managed. 4. There is no such thing as a free lunch. Barry Commoner, The Closing Circle, 1971 In the spring of 1996, more than 600 people – most of them community activists – gathered in Baton Rouge, Up to now, there has been no single resource that pro- Louisiana to attend the Third Citizens Conference on vided a good frame of reference, objectively portrayed, of Dioxin and Other Hormone-Disrupting Chemicals. The non-incineration technologies for the treatment of health largest workshop at the conference was by far the one care wastes.
    [Show full text]
  • Biomedical Waste
    CHAPTER 31 BIOMEDICAL WASTE by George F. Indest III, JD, MPA, LL.M SCOPE Every physician's office or clinic in the state of Florida that uses or generates any type of sharps (including needLes, bLades, test tubes, etc.) or waste that may be saturated with bodily fluids (including gauze, bandages, swabs, etc.) must have in pLace a biomedicaL waste pLan. This must include written procedures on handLing, storing and disposing of biomedicaL waste. The requirements for storing, trans­ porting or disposing of any type of biomedicaL waste are set forth in various Florida Administrative Code sections, which are reviewed in detail in this chapter. We aLso present a sampLe PoLicy and Procedures that may be adopted for physicians' offices and a more detailed sampLe BiomedicaL Waste PLan that meets aLL state require­ ments that may be adapted for use by physicians' offices. SYNOPSIS §31.0 1 Key Terms and Definitions §31.02 Generators of Biomedical Waste §31.03 Mixed Waste §31.04 Treatment §31.05 Regulatory Authority for Biomedical Waste §31.06 Permits and Fees [1] Permits [2] Fees §31.07 Inspections §31.08 Procedures for Biomedical Waste [1] Written Policies and Procedures (DC Press) 31-1 31-2 THE FLORIDA HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS' MEDICO-LEGAL GUIDE §31.01 [2] Training [3] Records §31.09 Storage, Containment and Labeling [1 ] Storage [2] Containment [A] "Red Bags " [B] Sharps Containers [C] Outer Containers [D] Compacting by Generators [3] Labeling §31.10 Treatment of Biomedical Waste §31.11 Methods for Treatment of Biomedical Waste §31.12 Acute
    [Show full text]
  • Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture: Good Practice Examples
    SAFE USE OF WASTEWATER IN AGRICULTURE: GOOD PRACTICE EXAMPLES Hiroshan Hettiarachchi Reza Ardakanian, Editors SAFE USE OF WASTEWATER IN AGRICULTURE: GOOD PRACTICE EXAMPLES Hiroshan Hettiarachchi Reza Ardakanian, Editors PREFACE Population growth, rapid urbanisation, more water intense consumption patterns and climate change are intensifying the pressure on freshwater resources. The increasing scarcity of water, combined with other factors such as energy and fertilizers, is driving millions of farmers and other entrepreneurs to make use of wastewater. Wastewater reuse is an excellent example that naturally explains the importance of integrated management of water, soil and waste, which we define as the Nexus While the information in this book are generally believed to be true and accurate at the approach. The process begins in the waste sector, but the selection of date of publication, the editors and the publisher cannot accept any legal responsibility for the correct management model can make it relevant and important to any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, expressed or the water and soil as well. Over 20 million hectares of land are currently implied, with respect to the material contained herein. known to be irrigated with wastewater. This is interesting, but the The opinions expressed in this book are those of the Case Authors. Their inclusion in this alarming fact is that a greater percentage of this practice is not based book does not imply endorsement by the United Nations University. on any scientific criterion that ensures the “safe use” of wastewater. In order to address the technical, institutional, and policy challenges of safe water reuse, developing countries and countries in transition need clear institutional arrangements and more skilled human resources, United Nations University Institute for Integrated with a sound understanding of the opportunities and potential risks of Management of Material Fluxes and of Resources wastewater use.
    [Show full text]
  • “Disposal of Biomedical Waste and Law”, *Rahul Chourey
    Volume 2, July 2018 ISSN 2581-5504 “Disposal of Biomedical Waste and Law” Rahul Chourey B.A.LL.B. (Hons.) Indore Institute of Law Introduction Since beginning hospitals are health care institution which provide treatment to patients by performing different methods but people are unaware about its effect of waste generated. The adverse effect of the garbage generated by hospitals on the environment and human being is dangerous. It is creating health hazard to the health care workers, general public and nearby flora & fauna. The waste generated from the hospitals is biomedical waste. It is a kind of waste contain infectious materials and may also include the used and unused bandages, infusion kits and other laboratory waste which contain biomolecules or organism that are restricted for environment release. It may be in solid or liquid form. Definition Bio medical waste means any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining there to or in the testing of biological and including categories mentioned in schedule 1.1 The biological waste excised from a patient during surgery, which is disposed of in hazardous waste receptacles at the end of the procedure.2 The Biomedical Management Rules In year 1986 the act was passed by the ministry of environment and forest and notified the rules in July 1998 relating to Bio-medical waste (management and handling). According to act passed by the ministry in 1986 and rules notified in July 1998, it is the duty of occupier of the institution, to take all the necessary step to dispose of the waste generated out of his possession without any adverse effect to environment, flora and fauna and human being.
    [Show full text]
  • The Biological Treatment of Organic Food Waste
    The Biological Treatment of Organic Food Waste HALYNA KOSOVSKA KTH Chemical Engineering and Technology Master of Science Thesis Stockholm 2006 KTH Chemical Engineering and Technology Halyna Kosovska THE BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF ORGANIC FOOD WASTE Supervisor & Examiner: Monika Ohlsson Master of Science Thesis STOCKHOLM 2006 PRESENTED AT INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY TRITA-KET-IM 2006:2 ISSN 1402-7615 Industrial Ecology, Royal Institute of Technology www.ima.kth.se Abstract This Master Thesis “The Biological Treatment of Organic Food Waste” is done in the Master’s Programme in Sustainable Technology at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in co-operation with the company SRV återvinning AB. The report is dedicated to analyze different biological treatment methods (that is composting and fermentation), which are used for the handling of organic food waste. From this analysis I will suggest the best method or methods for the company SRV återvinning AB (the Södertörn Area in Sweden) and for the Yavoriv Region in Ukraine in order to increase the environmental performance and to improve the environmental situation in the regions. To be able to do this, a lot of factors are taking into consideration and are described and discussed in this Thesis Work. General characteristic of the regions, different means of control for organic food waste handling, sorting methods of organic waste, as well as composting and fermentation methods for treatment of organic waste are described and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, their treatment and investment costs are distinguished in the Thesis. Different treatment methods are discussed from technical and economical points of view for applying them for the SRV and the Södertörn Area in Sweden and for the Yavoriv Region in Ukraine and some solutions for these two regions are suggested.
    [Show full text]
  • A Benefit–Cost Analysis of Food and Biodegradable Waste Treatment
    sustainability Article A Benefit–Cost Analysis of Food and Biodegradable Waste Treatment Alternatives: The Case of Oita City, Japan Micky A. Babalola Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739 8524, Japan; [email protected] Received: 27 January 2020; Accepted: 23 February 2020; Published: 3 March 2020 Abstract: As the generation of food scrap, kitchen, and biodegradable wastes increases, the proper handling of these wastes is becoming an increasingly significant concern for most cities in Japan. A substantial fraction of food and biodegradable waste (FBW) ends up in the incinerator. Therefore, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) benefit–cost analysis technique was employed in this study to compare different FBW treatment technologies and select the most appropriate FBW disposal technology for Oita City. The four FBW treatment options considered were those recommended by the Japanese Food Waste Recycling Law: anaerobic digestion, compost, landfill, and incineration, which is currently in use. The fundamental AHP was separated into two hierarchy structures for benefit analysis and cost analysis. The criteria used in these two analyses were value added, safety, efficiency, and social benefits for benefit analysis, and cost of energy, cost of operation and maintenance, environmental constraints, and disamenity for cost analysis. The results showed that anaerobic digestion had the highest overall benefit while composting had the least cost overall. The benefit–cost ratio result showed that anaerobic digestion is the most suitable treatment alternative, followed by composting and incineration, with landfill being the least favored. The study recommends that composting could be combined with anaerobic digestion as an optimal FBW management option in Oita City.
    [Show full text]
  • New Biodegradable Waste Management Plans Proposed and Evaluated
    New biodegradable waste management plans proposed and evaluated Researchers have designed and proposed a new organic waste management plan for Catalonia, Spain, and presented it in a recent study. They say that the plan would reduce a number of environmental impacts that arise from landfilling 23 April 2015 biodegradable waste, including natural resource depletion, acidification, and Issue 411 eutrophication. Subscribe to free weekly News Alert To reduce the negative environmental effects of landfilling and to promote the sustainable management of biodegradable municipal waste, the EU Landfill Directive1 has Source: Colón, J., Cadena, E., Belen Colazo, A.B., set targets for EU Member States to limit the amount of landfilled biodegradable municipal Quiros, R., Sanchez, A., waste to no more than 35% of the amount produced in 1995, by 2020. Font, X. & Artola, A. For this study, the researchers proposed a new biowaste management plan. They used (2015). Toward the model simulations to examine the outcomes of using the plan to treat the annual amount of implementation of new regional biowaste organic municipal solid waste produced in Catalonia in 2012 (1218 gigagrams (Gg)). In management plans: particular, they looked at the impact of using anaerobic digestion for recycling biowaste to Environmental assessment produce biogas, adding sludge to soil, and various forms of industrial and home composting of different waste treatments. management scenarios in Catalonia. Resources, They compared this new plan with those of actual waste management in 2012 in terms of Conservation and impacts on abiotic (non-living) natural resource depletion, acidification, eutrophication, Recycling. 95: 143–155. global warming, ozone layer depletion and summer smog.
    [Show full text]
  • Biomedical Waste Management
    BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PLEASE REFER TO THE USF BIOMEDICAL WASTE PLAN OR CONTACT EH&S FOR MORE INFORMATION IDENTIFICATION Biomedical waste is any solid or liquid waste which may present a threat of infection to humans. · Body fluids (excluding urine, feces, vomit, saliva, sweat, tears and sputum) · Blood and blood products · Animals, animal and human parts/tissues/blood that contain human disease-causing agents · Used absorbent materials such as bandages, gauze, or sponges which are saturated with blood or body fluids - Non-absorbent items visibly contaminated with body fluids (i.e. plastic, vinyl, latex, rubber, glass devices) · All Needles and needle-syringe units. Do not recap Universal Biomedical Waste Symbol needles. · Scalpels, razor blades, hard plastic or glass contaminated with tissues, blood, blood products, or body fluids. LABELING & HANDLING All sealed biomedical red bags and sharps SEGREGATION containers must be labeled with the universal Biomedical waste must be separated from all other biomedical waste symbol and the words waste and placed in either a sharps container or a “Biomedical Waste”, the facility name (e.g. USF), red bag at the point of origin. address, phone number and contact name Biomedical waste mixed with chemical waste must Wear a lab coat and gloves and use a rolling cart be managed as hazardous waste. Separate if to transfer waste to an outside storage container. possible. STORAGE & TRANSPORT Dispose of only biomedical waste into biomedical Red bags must meet ASTM D1922-89 and ASTM waste containers – no regular trash. D1709 -91 standards. Contact the manufacturer to The following may be placed into the regular trash if ensure requirements are met prior to ordering.
    [Show full text]
  • Utilization of Biodegradable Wastes As a Clean Energy Source in the Developing Countries: a Case Study in Myanmar
    energies Article Utilization of Biodegradable Wastes as a Clean Energy Source in the Developing Countries: A Case Study in Myanmar Maw Maw Tun 1,2,* , Dagmar Juchelková 1,* , Helena Raclavská 3 and Veronika Sassmanová 1 1 Department of Power Engineering, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 70833 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic; [email protected] 2 Department of Energy Engineering, Czech Technical University, Zikova 1903/4, 166 36 Prague, Czech Republic 3 Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 70833 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.M.T.); [email protected] (D.J.); Tel.: +420-773-287-487 (M.M.T.) Received: 12 October 2018; Accepted: 12 November 2018; Published: 16 November 2018 Abstract: Nowadays, waste-to-energy has become a type of renewable energy utilization that can provide environmental and economic benefits in the world. In this paper, we evaluated the quality of twelve biodegradable waste samples from Myanmar by binder laboratory heating and drying oven at 105 ◦C. The calculation methods of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) were used for the greenhouse gas emission estimation from waste disposal at the open dumpsites, anaerobic digestion, and waste transportation in the current situation of Myanmar. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and fossil fuel consumption of the improved biodegrade waste utilization system were estimated and both were found to be reduced. As a result, volume and weight of the biodegradable wastes with 100% moisture reduction were estimated at approximately 5 million cubic meters per year and 2600 kilotonnes per year, respectively, in 2021.
    [Show full text]
  • Standards for Treatment and Disposal of Bio-Medical Waste by Incineration Size
    STANDARDS FOR TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF BIO-MEDICALWASTE BY INCINERATION AND PLASMA PYROLYSIS OR GASIFICATION (As per Schedule II of the Bio-medical Waste Management Rules, 2016) 1. STANDARDS FOR INCINERATION.- All incinerators shall meet the following operating and emission standards- A. Operating Standards 1). Combustion efficiency (CE) shall be at least 99.00%. 2). The Combustion efficiency is computed as follows: %C02 C.E. = ------------ X 100 %C02 + % CO 3). The temperature of the primary chamber shall be a minimum of 800 0C and the secondary chamber shall be minimum of 10500C + or - 500C. 4). The secondary chamber gas residence time shall be at least two seconds. B. Emission Standards Sl. Parameter Standards No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Limiting Sampling Duration in minutes, concentration in unless stated 3 mg/Nm unless stated 1. Particulate matter 50 30 or 1NM3 of sample volume, whichever is more 2. Nitrogen Oxides NO and 400 30 for online sampling or grab NO2 expressed asNO2 sample 3. HCl 50 30 or 1NM3 of sample volume, whichever is more 4. Total Dioxins and Furans 0.1ngTEQ/Nm3 (at 8 hours or 5NM3 of sample 11% O2) volume, whichever is more 5. Hg and its compounds 0.05 2 hours or 1NM3 of sample volume, whichever is more C. Stack Height: Minimum stack height shall be 30 meters above the ground and shall be attached with the necessary monitoring facilities as per requirement of monitoring of ‘general parameters’ as notified under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and in accordance with the CPCB Guidelines of Emission Regulation Part-III.
    [Show full text]
  • Tot, Bojana. ANALYSIS of BIODEGRADABLE WASTE
    ANALYSIS OF BIODEGRADABLE WASTE TREATMENT IN ORDER TO REDUCE QUANTITY OF DISPOSED WASTE Bojana Tot1 , Svjetlana Jokanović1 , Goran Vujic1 , Bojan Batinić1, Nemanja Stanisavljević1, Bojana 1 1 Beronja , Dejan Ubavin 1 Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia ABSTRACT According to data obtained by analysis of quantity and composition of municipal solid waste in Republic of Serbia, the most significant waste fraction 40% represents organic waste, and roughly can be divided into food waste and garden or yard waste. In Serbia, practically all biodegradable waste ends up on non sanitary landfills, contributing to a large negative impact due to high production of methane, one of the most significant greenhouse gases (GHG). In order to comply with increasing national and international requirements, one of the main objectives is the reduction to 75% (by weight) of the total quantities of biodegradable municipal solid waste which ends up at landfill until 2016 a the first step to accomplish this requirements. This paper analyzes possible ways for the treatment of biodegradable waste from households in Serbian municipalities in order to achieve this goal. Therefore, in this paper, flows of garden and other biodegradable waste in municipal solid waste are analyzed by MFA (Material Flow Analysis) and two scenarios are presented. For decision makers in the field of waste management, the obtained information will be of great importance in order to develop an appropriate waste management system and to achieve specific targets for biodegradable waste treatment according to national and EU Directives. 1. INTRODUCION Organic waste can represent 20 to 80% of total municipal solid waste (MSW) stream, depending on the country economic development level.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental and Health Risks Associated with Biomedical Waste Management
    Development, Energy, Environment, Economics Environmental and health risks associated with biomedical waste management Nikos E. Mastorakis, Carmen A. Bulucea, Tatiana A. Oprea, Cornelia A Bulucea, Philippe Dondon Medical care is vital for our life and health, but the waste Abstract Human beings are exposed to a huge variety of health risks generated from medical activities represents a real problem of over their entire life. This article is an attempt to prove that living nature and human world. Main purposes of waste environmental and health risks and concerns are chained, and the management are to clean up the surrounding environment and fundamental premises for a systemic approach of biomedical waste to identify the appropriate methods for waste neutralization, management must be achieved. Since an important issue of recycling and disposal [3]. Within waste management (WM), environmental protection process is the biomedical waste management, this study focuses on responsible planning of collecting, the health care waste management (HCWM) is a process that transporting, processing and disposing of hazardous and non- helps to ensure proper hospital hygiene and safety of health hazardous biomedical waste, with a special concern on effective care workers and communities. HCWM concerns about management of biomedical waste incorporating an appropriate waste planning and procurement, staff training and behavior, proper reduction and neutralization component. An attempt has been made to use of tools, machines and pharmaceuticals, proper methods
    [Show full text]