DOCSLIB.ORG

Population Genetic Variation in Rare and Endangered Iliamna (Malvaceae) in Virginia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Population Genetic Variation in Rare and Endangered Iliamna (Malvaceae) in Virginia BiologicalJournal OJ the Linnean Society (1996), 58: 357-369. With 4 figures Population genetic variation in rare and endangered IZiarnna (Malvaceae) in Virginia C. NEAL STEWART, JR., GARY ROSSON, BRENDA W. SHIRLEY AND DUNCAN M. PORTER Department of BioloD, Virginia Pohtechnic Institute and State Univerxip, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0406 USA. Reckued 28 March 1995, acceptedfor pubhatian 30 August 1995 Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used as input for an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), homogeneity of molecular variance analysis (HOMOVA), and cluster analysis to describe the population genetic structure of Iliamna cork, a federally endangered plant located only in Virginia, and I. rmota, a rare plant in Virginia, Indiana, and Illinois. The analysis was performed to help clarify the taxonomic relationship between the two closely related species. We analysed four clones in the only known population of I. cork, breeding stock derived from seeds originating from the population site, and three I. remota populations in Virginia. Eighty-five percent of screened primers revealed DNA polymorphisms in Iliamna. Ninety-nine informative markers were generated using seven primers. No significant statistical differences (at P = 0.05) in RAPD variation was found between species (24% of variance) using the AMOVA procedure. However, within specieslamong populations (31 % of the variance) and within populations (45%of the variance) there were significant differences (Pc 0.002). An unweighted paired group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis showed the federally endangered I. cork population to be genetically distinct from the apparently recently introduced (in Virginia: - 100ybp) I. remofa. The lack of significant differences from the AMOVA and the high number shared bands between I. cork and I. remofa suggest that I. cork may be more appropriately classified as a subspecies of I. remofa. Iliamna corei plants in the natural population were genetically similar to one another while the I. cork breeding stock plants and I. remota plants were genetically relatively diverse. 81996 The Linnean Society of London ADDITIONAL, KEY WORDS: -RAPD - random amplified polymorphic DNA ~ conservation genetics - plant taxonomy - mallow - AMOVA - analysis of molecular variance - endangered species. CONTENTS Introduction .......................... 358 Material and methods ....... ................ 360 Sampling strategy ....... ................ 360 RAF'D profiling and statistical analyses ................ 360 Results ............................ 36 1 RAPD profiling ....... ................ 36 1 Statistical analyses ...... ................ 364 Discussion ........................... 365 Acknowledgements ........ ................ 367 References ........... ................ 368 Correspondence to C. Neal StewartJr., present address: Department of Biology, Univenity of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 274 12-5001, U.S.A. 357 0024-4066/96/070357+ 13 $18.00/0 01 996 The Linnean Society of London 358 C.N. STEWART ETA. INTRODUCTION Zliamna is a North American genus of the Malvaceae containing seven or eight species. Most of the species are indigenous west of the Mississippi River. However, two species are found exclusively in the east: I. corei and I. rmota. They have showy, insect-pollinated, perfect flowers, and are self-incompatible (T. Wieboldt and J. Randall, unpublished data). Iliumna corei (Shed) SherfT, the Peters Mountain mallow, is a federally endangered plant species that exists naturally in a single population, on Peters Mountain, Giles County, Virginia, USA) (Fig. 1). This population consists of four clumps, each comprising a clone (Stewart & Porter, 1995). The Peters Mountain site is a sandstone cliff (1000m elevation) above the New River. Seeds were unearthed from the site and germinated. The resulting plants were used to establish a breeding population on the campus of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. Iliumna rmota Greene, the Kankakee mallow, is a rare species that was first collected on Altorf Island in the Kankakee River, Illinois (Strausbaugh & Core, 1932). The species apparently has spread eastward along railroad lines to Virginia (Porter & Wieboldt, 1991). In contrast with the mountain- dwelling Z; corei, the Virginia I. remota populations are located near the James River, not unlike the I. remota habitat in Illinois. Since the discovery of I. cork (Strausbaugh & Core, 1932), the proper taxonomic placement of the taxon has been in question. Strausbaugh & Core (1932) placed I. Figure 1. The sites sampled for mallow DNA in Vuginii, USA. See Table 3 for population abbreviations. RAPD VARIATION IN IWA 359 cord in the same species as I. remota (Phymosia remota (Greene) Britton) on the basis of similar morphological features. Shed€ (1 946) revised the classification such that the Kankakee mallow was recognized as I. remota var. ppica and the Peters Mountain mallow was renamed I. remota var. cord Sherff. The basis for this split was a difference in leaf morphology (the Kankakee mallow leaf typically has a broadly triangular terminal lobe subtended by obtuse sinuses, while the Peters Mountain mallow leaf has an oblong terminal lobe with sharp sinuses), leaf size (Kankakee mallow is larger than Peters Mountain mallow), and plant height (Kankakee mallow, l.CLl.7m; Peters Mountain mallow, 0.6-0.9 m). Three years later SherfY(1949)further split the taxa into two species, I. remota Greene and I. cord (She4 SherK, on the additional characters of differing corolla colors (I. cord has a deeper hue), and floral odor (I. remota is scented whereas I. cord is not). Therefore, the division of I. remota and I. cord was based upon very few different morphological characters observed on plants growing in ecologically diverse natural habitats. It is conceivable that the characters used by SherfF in separation of the species are plastic. Plastic traits are defined as those that vary in response to spatial (edaphic and geographic), and temporal heterogeneity, and are known to confound taxonomic classifications (Schlichting, 1986). For example, we have noticed that plants in the breeding population are taller than those on Peters Mountain. Likewise, Bounds (1992) reported that there are statistically significant in situ morphological differences between the population of I. corei and I. remota populations in Virginia. In addition, Strausbaugh & Core (1932) reported the height of I. Cora' on the mountain site approached 2m, although in recent years, the stems have been shorter. Common garden studies would be appropriate to control for differences among Iliamna sites. However, to our knowledge, no data stemming from common garden comparisons between I. cord and I. remota have ever been published, although Sherf€ (1949) and Scott (1973) reported growing them together in such a situation. An alternative to phenotype analysis to delineate taxa is to perform genetic analysis, which is, by nature, not affected by environment. However, there has been limited work using genetic markers in Iliamna. Bounds (1988) reported apparent polymorphisms in five isozymes of I. cord and I. remota with interclonal variation found in I. cord. In a preliminary random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) study, two primers were used to distinguish clones (Stewart & Porter, 1995). No formal population-level analysis has been published to date. Methods have recently been developed to utilize RAPD profiling (Welsh & McClelland, 1990; Williams et al., 1990) in formal population genetic analyses (Lynch & Milligan, 1994; Stewart & Excoffier, 1996). Although numerous DNA polymorphisms may easily by revealed using RAPDs, the markers are primarily dominant, i.e. homozygotes are indistinguishable from heterozygotes (Tinker, Fortin & Mather, 1993; Williams et al., 1993). Stewart & Excoffier (1996) have modified the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) technique (Excoffier, Smouse & Quattro, 1992), adapting it for use with dominant markers. In short, they used estimated amounts of autogamy (selfing frequency from 0 to 1.0) to estimate the average genotype frequencies from the phenotypic (RAPD) data. These estimates were then used in the AMOVA. The AMOVA partitions variance to hierarchical levels, e.g. among and within populations, and tests for significance at these predefined levels, similar to an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The objectives of our study were threefold: (1) identlfjr population-level genetic markers in I. cord and I. remota; (2) provide baseline data on the genetic variability of 360 C. N. STEWART ETA. I. corei and I. remota and (3) cia* the taxonomic relationship between I. remotu and I. corei. Our approach was to use RAPD markers in a population genetic analysis. This represents the first use of the AMOVA for RAPDs to analyse an obligately outcrossing plant species, although Stewart & Excoffier (1996) used it for Vuccinium macrocarpon (Ericaceae), a selfing species, and Huff, Peakall & Smouse (1993) used an earlier version of AMOVA, which had not been modified for RAPD data, to analyze obligate outcrossing Buchloe dac&loides (Poaceae). Our approach was to assume that each surveyed population of Iliamna (not including the one I. riuularir sample we included for comparative purposes) were members of a panmictic metapopulation. The AMOVA, a permutational statistics package, tests for population substructuring and will indicate whether significant molecular differences exist within and among local breeding populations.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Molecular Evolutionary Rates Predict Both Extinction and Speciation In
    Lancaster BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:162 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/162 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access MolecularResearch article evolutionary rates predict both extinction and speciation in temperate angiosperm lineages Lesley T Lancaster Abstract Background: A positive relationship between diversification (i.e., speciation) and nucleotide substitution rates is commonly reported for angiosperm clades. However, the underlying cause of this relationship is often unknown because multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors can affect the relationship, and these have confounded previous attempts infer causation. Determining which factor drives this oft-reported correlation can lend insight into the macroevolutionary process. Results: Using a new database of 13 time-calibrated angiosperm phylogenies based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, and controlling for extrinsic variables of life history and habitat, I evaluated several potential intrinsic causes of this correlation. Speciation rates (λ) and relative extinction rates (ε) were positively correlated with mean substitution rates, but were uncorrelated with substitution rate heterogeneity. It is unlikely that the positive diversification-substitution correlation is due to accelerated molecular evolution during speciation (e.g., via enhanced selection or drift), because punctuated increases in ITS rate (i.e., greater mean and variation in ITS rate for rapidly speciating clades) were not observed. Instead, fast molecular evolution likely increases speciation rate (via increased mutational variation as a substrate for selection and reproductive isolation) but also increases extinction (via mutational genetic load). Conclusions: In general, these results predict that clades with higher background substitution rates may undergo successful diversification under new conditions while clades with lower substitution rates may experience decreased extinction during environmental stasis.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Timbered Rock Final EIS, Appendix L: Botany
    Appendix L-Botany Appendix L Botany L-1 Appendix L-Botany L-2 Appendix L-Botany Special Status Plants Special Status Plant Categories Threatened, Endangered, and Proposed plants (FT, FE, and FP) Plant species formally listed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) protected under the Endangered Species Act. It is the policy of the BLM to conserve listed species and the ecosystems on which they depend (USDI 2001). To date, T&E species include only vascular plants. State Threatened, Endangered, or Proposed (STO, SEO, SPO) Plant species listed by the State of Oregon. BLM policy is to manage for the conservation of those species and to comply with state laws protecting them to the extent they are consistent with the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (USDI 2001). Bureau Sensitive (BSO) Plants that could easily become endangered or extinct within the State. BLM policy requires that any Bureau action will not contribute to the need to list any of these species (USDI 2001). The Sensitive Species list, which includes vascular plants, lichens, and bryophytes, is tiered to State fish/wildlife/botanical agenciesʼ and Oregon Natural Heritage Program (ONHP) designations. Bureau Assessment (BAO) Plants not presently eligible for official federal or state status, but of concern in Oregon and Washington and, at a minimum, may need protection or mitigation from BLM activities (USDI 2001). These vascular plants, lichens, and bryophytes are also tracked by the ONHP. Bureau Tracking (BTO) Plant species for which the BLM wishes to collect data in order to enable an early warning for species that may become of concern in the future, species for which more information is needed to determine their status, or species that no longer need active management.
    [Show full text]
  • These De Doctorat De L'universite Paris-Saclay
    NNT : 2016SACLS250 THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE PARIS-SACLAY, préparée à l’Université Paris-Sud ÉCOLE DOCTORALE N° 567 Sciences du Végétal : du Gène à l’Ecosystème Spécialité de doctorat (Biologie) Par Mlle Nour Abdel Samad Titre de la thèse (CARACTERISATION GENETIQUE DU GENRE IRIS EVOLUANT DANS LA MEDITERRANEE ORIENTALE) Thèse présentée et soutenue à « Beyrouth », le « 21/09/2016 » : Composition du Jury : M., Tohmé, Georges CNRS (Liban) Président Mme, Garnatje, Teresa Institut Botànic de Barcelona (Espagne) Rapporteur M., Bacchetta, Gianluigi Università degli Studi di Cagliari (Italie) Rapporteur Mme, Nadot, Sophie Université Paris-Sud (France) Examinateur Mlle, El Chamy, Laure Université Saint-Joseph (Liban) Examinateur Mme, Siljak-Yakovlev, Sonja Université Paris-Sud (France) Directeur de thèse Mme, Bou Dagher-Kharrat, Magda Université Saint-Joseph (Liban) Co-directeur de thèse UNIVERSITE SAINT-JOSEPH FACULTE DES SCIENCES THESE DE DOCTORAT DISCIPLINE : Sciences de la vie SPÉCIALITÉ : Biologie de la conservation Sujet de la thèse : Caractérisation génétique du genre Iris évoluant dans la Méditerranée Orientale. Présentée par : Nour ABDEL SAMAD Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR ÈS SCIENCES Soutenue le 21/09/2016 Devant le jury composé de : Dr. Georges TOHME Président Dr. Teresa GARNATJE Rapporteur Dr. Gianluigi BACCHETTA Rapporteur Dr. Sophie NADOT Examinateur Dr. Laure EL CHAMY Examinateur Dr. Sonja SILJAK-YAKOVLEV Directeur de thèse Dr. Magda BOU DAGHER KHARRAT Directeur de thèse Titre : Caractérisation Génétique du Genre Iris évoluant dans la Méditerranée Orientale. Mots clés : Iris, Oncocyclus, région Est-Méditerranéenne, relations phylogénétiques, status taxonomique. Résumé : Le genre Iris appartient à la famille des L’approche scientifique est basée sur de nombreux Iridacées, il comprend plus de 280 espèces distribuées outils moléculaires et génétiques tels que : l’analyse de à travers l’hémisphère Nord.
    [Show full text]
  • Petition to List Iliamna Lake Seal, a Distinct Population Segment of Pacific Harbor Seal (Phoca Vitulina Richardsi) Under the Endangered Species Act
    BEFORE THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE PETITION TO LIST ILIAMNA LAKE SEAL, A DISTINCT POPULATION SEGMENT OF PACIFIC HARBOR SEAL (PHOCA VITULINA RICHARDSI) UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY NOVEMBER 19, 2012 Notice of Petition Rebecca M. Blank Acting Secretary of Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave, NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected] Samuel Rauch Assistant Administrator for Fisheries 1315 East West Highway Silver Spring, MD 20910 Ph: (301) 427-8000 Email: [email protected] PETITIONER The Center for Biological Diversity PO Box 100599 Anchorage, AK 99510-0599 Ph: (907) 274-1110 Fax: (907) 258-6177 Date: November 19, 2012 Kiersten Lippmann Center for Biological Diversity Pursuant to Section 4(b) of the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”), 16 § 1533(b), Section 553(3) of the Administrative Procedures Act, 5 U.S.C. § 533(e), and 50 C.F.R. § 424.14(a), the Center for Biological Diversity (“Petitioner”) hereby petitions the Secretary of Commerce and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (“NOAA”), through the National Marine Fisheries Service (“NMFS” or “NOAA Fisheries”), to list the Iliamna Lake seal as a threatened or endangered species and to designate critical habitat to ensure its survival and recovery. The Center for Biological Diversity (“Center”) is a non-profit, public interest environmental organization dedicated to the protection of native species and their habitats through science, policy, and environmental law. The Center has approximately 40,000 members, and over 474,000 members and online activists throughout the United States and internationally. The Center and its members are concerned with the conservation of endangered species, including seal species, and the effective implementation of the ESA.
    [Show full text]
  • Nauthorized Uses of Copyrighted Materials Are Prohibited by Law
    Unauthorized uses of copyrighted materials are prohibited by law. The PDF file of this article is provided subject to the copyright policy of the journal. Please consult the journal or contact the publisher if you have questions about copyright policy. - ABSTRACT: We examined the seed ecology of Iliamna longisepala as an aid to developing a conserva- tion strategy for this rare endemic forb of northcentral Washington. We conducted field, greenhouse, and laboratory studies to quantify: (1) densities of buried viable seed among sites with different histories of burning, (2) post-fire spatial distributions of germinants relative to reproductive plants and bum se- verity, (3) seed production and its annual variation, and (4) germination requirements. Density of seed in the soil was not significantly related to history of burning, but sites that experienced fire 10 years before sampling averaged 10 times as many seeds as sites that burned recently and four times as many seeds as sites that had not burned within 50 years. Density of viable seeds in the soil did not correlate The Seed Ecology of with density of reproductive plants. In a field experiment, germinants appeared after fall burning, but not after spring burning. Germinants were most abundant within 10 m of reproductive plants and were concentrated in areas of high bum severity. Seed production per plant was significantly correlated to na lor crown diameter, but production varied dramatically from year to year. Experimental germination trials were largely unsuccessful due to low (8%) viability of seeds collected from mature plants. However, (Torr.) Wiggins, field studies illustrate that fire is sufficient to break the dormancy of seeds that have accumulated in the soil.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACTS 117 Systematics Section, BSA / ASPT / IOPB
    Systematics Section, BSA / ASPT / IOPB 466 HARDY, CHRISTOPHER R.1,2*, JERROLD I DAVIS1, breeding system. This effectively reproductively isolates the species. ROBERT B. FADEN3, AND DENNIS W. STEVENSON1,2 Previous studies have provided extensive genetic, phylogenetic and 1Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2New York natural selection data which allow for a rare opportunity to now Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458; 3Dept. of Botany, National study and interpret ontogenetic changes as sources of evolutionary Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, novelties in floral form. Three populations of M. cardinalis and four DC 20560 populations of M. lewisii (representing both described races) were studied from initiation of floral apex to anthesis using SEM and light Phylogenetics of Cochliostema, Geogenanthus, and microscopy. Allometric analyses were conducted on data derived an undescribed genus (Commelinaceae) using from floral organs. Sympatric populations of the species from morphology and DNA sequence data from 26S, 5S- Yosemite National Park were compared. Calyces of M. lewisii initi- NTS, rbcL, and trnL-F loci ate later than those of M. cardinalis relative to the inner whorls, and sepals are taller and more acute. Relative times of initiation of phylogenetic study was conducted on a group of three small petals, sepals and pistil are similar in both species. Petal shapes dif- genera of neotropical Commelinaceae that exhibit a variety fer between species throughout development. Corolla aperture of unusual floral morphologies and habits. Morphological A shape becomes dorso-ventrally narrow during development of M. characters and DNA sequence data from plastid (rbcL, trnL-F) and lewisii, and laterally narrow in M.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Biology of Seed Dormancy-Break and Germination in Convolvulaceae (Asterids, Solanales)
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2008 COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY OF SEED DORMANCY-BREAK AND GERMINATION IN CONVOLVULACEAE (ASTERIDS, SOLANALES) Kariyawasam Marthinna Gamage Gehan Jayasuriya University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Jayasuriya, Kariyawasam Marthinna Gamage Gehan, "COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY OF SEED DORMANCY- BREAK AND GERMINATION IN CONVOLVULACEAE (ASTERIDS, SOLANALES)" (2008). University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations. 639. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/639 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Kariyawasam Marthinna Gamage Gehan Jayasuriya Graduate School University of Kentucky 2008 COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY OF SEED DORMANCY-BREAK AND GERMINATION IN CONVOLVULACEAE (ASTERIDS, SOLANALES) ABSRACT OF DISSERTATION A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Art and Sciences at the University of Kentucky By Kariyawasam Marthinna Gamage Gehan Jayasuriya Lexington, Kentucky Co-Directors: Dr. Jerry M. Baskin, Professor of Biology Dr. Carol C. Baskin, Professor of Biology and of Plant and Soil Sciences Lexington, Kentucky 2008 Copyright © Gehan Jayasuriya 2008 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY OF SEED DORMANCY-BREAK AND GERMINATION IN CONVOLVULACEAE (ASTERIDS, SOLANALES) The biology of seed dormancy and germination of 46 species representing 11 of the 12 tribes in Convolvulaceae were compared in laboratory (mostly), field and greenhouse experiments.
    [Show full text]
  • Iliamna Longisepala As an Aid to Developing a Conserva­ Tion Strategy for This Rare Endemic Forb of Northcentral Washington
    RESEARCH ARTICLE ABSTRACT: We examined the seed ecology of Iliamna longisepala as an aid to developing a conserva­ tion strategy for this rare endemic forb of northcentral Washington. We conducted field, greenhouse, and laboratory studies to quantify: (1) densities of buried viable seed among sites with different histories of burning, (2) post-fire spatial distributions of germinants relative to reproductive plants and burn se­ verity, (3) seed production and its annual variation, and (4) germination requirements. Density of seed in the soil was not significantly related to history of burning, but sites that experienced fire 10 years • before sampling averaged 10 times as many seeds as sites that burned recently and four times as many seeds as sites that had not burned within 50 years. Density of viable seeds in the soil did not correlate The Seed Ecology of with density of reproductive plants. In a field experiment, germinants appeared after fall burning, but not after spring burning. Germinants were most abundant within 10 m of reproductive plants and were concentrated in areas of high burn severity. Seed production per plant was significantly correlated to Iliamna longisepala crown diameter, but production varied dramatically from year to year. Experimental germination trials were largely unsuccessful due to low (8%) viability of seeds collected from mature plants. However, (Torr.) Wiggins, field studies illustrate that fire is sufficient to break the dormancy of seeds that have accumulated in the soil. Long-term exclusion of fire may lead to local extinction of populations as the longevity of reproductive plants and seeds are exceeded. However, burning more frequently than every 10 years an East Cascade could deplete local seed reserves.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey of the Illinois Endangered Kankakee Mallow, Iliamna Remota, in Kankakee County April L
    Eastern Illinois University The Keep Faculty Research & Creative Activity Biological Sciences January 2006 Survey of the Illinois Endangered Kankakee Mallow, Iliamna remota, in Kankakee County April L. McDonnell Eastern Illinois University Henry R. Owen Eastern Illinois University, [email protected] Sean C. Jones Eastern Illinois University Vincent P. Gutowski Eastern Illinois University John E. Ebinger llinois Natural History Survey Follow this and additional works at: http://thekeep.eiu.edu/bio_fac Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation McDonnell, April L.; Owen, Henry R.; Jones, Sean C.; Gutowski, Vincent P.; and Ebinger, John E., "Survey of the Illinois Endangered Kankakee Mallow, Iliamna remota, in Kankakee County" (2006). Faculty Research & Creative Activity. 137. http://thekeep.eiu.edu/bio_fac/137 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Research & Creative Activity by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ERIGENIA , Number 21, November 2006, pp 32- 39 © 2006, ILLINOIS NATIVE P LANT SOCIETY SURVEY OF THE ILLINOIS ENDANGERED KANKAKEE MALLOW, I LIAMNA REMOTA (GREENE), IN KANKAKEE COUNTY 1 3 2 3 3 3 April L. McDonne11 • , Henry R. Owen • , Sean C. Jones , Vincent P. Gutowski , and John E. Ebinger4 ABSTRACf: Iliamna remota Greene (Malvaceae), endemic only to Langham Island in the Kankakee River, Kankakee County, Illinois, is a state endangered species. During the present study, the size of the population was determined, the habitat structure in and around the individual colonies analyzed, and management recommendation made to potentially increase the size of the population.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of the Endangered Kankakee Mallow (Iliamna Remota, Greene) When Affected by Light Intensity M.C
    Development of the Endangered Kankakee Mallow (Iliamna remota, Greene) When Affected By Light Intensity M.C. Jernegan, A.L. McDonnell, S.M. Haley, B.W. Craven, J.A. Cummings, and J.M. Coons Eastern Illinois University, Department of Biological Sciences, Charleston, IL 61920 ABSTRACT Iliamna remota Greene (Malvaceae), Kankakee mallow, is an endangered species in Illinois. In 1984, it was on the verge of extinction when a recovery plan began to eradicate invasive woody shrubs, mainly Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle). These shrubs compete with native species partly by shading. Recent lack of management is threatening the I. remota population. Our objective was to simulate shade from in situ canopy on development of I. remota. Seeds were germinated in vermiculite, and seedlings were transplanted into a hydroponic system in two growth chambers with a 16h/8h (light/dark) photoperiod at 25ºC. Light intensity was either 248 ± 13 µmol/m2/sec (high light) or 63 ± 6 µmol/m2/sec (low light). Development was quantified by measuring number of leaves, fresh and dry weight, shoot height, leaf area, root length, and root volume. After 3 weeks, plants grown with high light were more developed with more leaves on both main stems and side branches, taller shoots, greater leaf area, greater root volume, longer roots, and greater fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, than those with low light. Thus, light intensity greatly affected the development of I. remota, stressing the importance for management to control shrubs to preserve I. remota. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Iliamna remota Greene (Malvaceae), Kankakee mallow, is a state endangered plant that is endemic to ♦Kankakee mallow (Iliamna remota Greene) seeds were purchased from Prairie Moon Nursery.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 14. Wildlife and Forest Communities 341
    chapteR 14. Wildlife and Forest Communities 341 Chapter 14. Wildlife and Forest communities Margaret Trani Griep and Beverly Collins1 key FindingS • Hotspot areas for plants of concern are Big Bend National Park; the Apalachicola area of the Southern Gulf Coast; • The South has 1,076 native terrestrial vertebrates: 179 Lake Wales Ridge and the area south of Lake Okeechobee amphibians, 525 birds, 176 mammals, and 196 reptiles. in Peninsular Florida; and coastal counties of North Species richness is highest in the Mid-South (856) and Carolina in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The Appalachian- Coastal Plain (733), reflecting both the large area of these Cumberland highlands also contain plants identified by subregions and the diversity of habitats within them. States as species of concern. • The geography of species richness varies by taxa. • Species, including those of conservation concern, are Amphibians flourish in portions of the Piedmont and imperiled by habitat alteration, isolation, introduction of Appalachian-Cumberland highlands and across the Coastal invasive species, environmental pollutants, commercial Plain. Bird richness is highest along the coastal wetlands of development, human disturbance, and exploitation. the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, mammal richness Conditions predicted by the forecasts will magnify these is highest in the Mid-South and Appalachian-Cumberland stressors. Each species varies in its vulnerability to highlands, and reptile richness is highest across the forecasted threats, and these threats vary by subregion. Key southern portion of the region. areas of concern arise where hotspots of vulnerable species • The South has 142 terrestrial vertebrate species coincide with forecasted stressors. considered to be of conservation concern (e.g., global • There are 614 species that are presumed extirpated from conservation status rank of critically imperiled, imperiled, selected States in the South; 64 are terrestrial vertebrates or vulnerable), 77 of which are listed as threatened or and 550 are vascular plants.
    [Show full text]