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9/25/2014 Cartwheel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Cartwheel Galaxy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Cartwheel Galaxy (also known as ESO 350-40) is a and about 500 million -years away in the . It is an estimated 150,000 light-years across, Cartwheel Galaxy has a mass of about 2.9–4.8 × 109 solar masses, and rotates at 217 km/s.[3]

It was discovered by in 1941.[4] Zwicky considered his discovery to be "one of the most complicated structures awaiting its explanation on the basis of stellar dynamics."[4][5]

An estimation of the galaxy's span resulted in a conclusion of 150,000 light years, which is slightly larger than the .[6]

Contents

1 Structures 2 Evolution The Cartwheel Galaxy, false color composite. 3 X-ray sources Observation data (J2000 epoch) 4 References Constellation Sculptor 5 External links Right ascension 00h 37m 41.1s[1] Declination −33° 42′ 59″[1] Structures 9050 ± 3 km/s[1] Distance 500 Mly (150 Mpc) [2]

The Cartwheel galaxy shows non-thermal radio and optical spokes, but they are not the same Type S pec (Ring)[1] spokes.[7] Apparent dimensions (V) 1′.1 × 0″.9[1]

Evolution (V) 15.2[1] Notable features Ring shape http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartwheel_Galaxy 1/4 9/25/2014 Cartwheel Galaxy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The galaxy was once a normal before it apparently underwent a head-on collision with a Other designations smaller companion approximately 200 million years ago (i.e., 200 million years prior to the MCG-06-02-022a,[1] PGC 2248[1] image).[3][8] When the nearby galaxy passed through the Cartwheel Galaxy, the force of the collision caused a powerful shock wave through the galaxy, like a rock being tossed into a sandbed. Moving at See also: Galaxy, List of high speed, the shock wave swept up gas and dust, creating a starburst around the galaxy's center portion that were unscathed. This explains the bluish ring around the center, brighter portion.[9] It can be seen that the galaxy is beginning to retake the form of a normal spiral galaxy, with arms spreading out from a central core.[8]

Alternatively, a model based on the gravitational Jeans instability of both axisymmetric (radial) and nonaxisymmetric (spiral) small-amplitude gravity perturbations allows an association between growing clumps of matter and the gravitationally unstable axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric waves which take on the appearance of a ring and spokes.[5] X-ray sources

The unusual shape of the Cartwheel Galaxy may be due to a collision with a smaller galaxy such as those in the lower left of the image. The most recent burst (star formation due to compression waves) has lit up the Cartwheel rim, which has a diameter larger than the Milky Way. Star formation via starburst galaxies, such as the Cartwheel Galaxy, results in the formation of large and extremely luminous . When massive stars explode as , they leave behind neutron stars and black holes. Some of these neutron stars and black holes have nearby companion stars, and become powerful sources of X-rays as they pull matter off their companions (also known as ultra and hyperluminous X-ray sources).[10] The brightest X-ray sources are likely black holes with companion stars, and appear as the white dots that lie along the rim of the X-ray image. The A spectacular head-on collision between two Cartwheel contains an exceptionally large number of these binary X-ray sources, because galaxies is seen in this NASA Hubble Space many massive stars formed in the ring. Telescope true-color image of the Cartwheel Galaxy. References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database" (http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/). Results for Cartwheel Galaxy. Retrieved 2006-11-25. 2. ^ Moore, Patrick (2000). The Data Book of Astronomy. CRC Press. p. 318. ISBN 0-7503-0620-3. 3. ^ a b Amram P, Mendes de Oliveira C, Boulesteix J, Balkowski C; Mendes De Oliveira; Boulesteix; Balkowski (February 1998). "The Hα kinematic of the Cartwheel galaxy". Astron Astrophys. 330: 881–93. Bibcode:1998A&A...330..881A (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998A&A...330..881A). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartwheel_Galaxy 2/4 9/25/2014 Cartwheel Galaxy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 4. ^ a b Zwicky F (1941). in Theodore van Karman Anniversary volume Contribution to Applied Mechanics and Related Subjects. Pasadena, California: California Institute of Technology. p. 137. 5. ^ a b Griv E (Oct 2005). "Origin of the Cartwheel Galaxy: disk instability?" (http://www.springerlink.com/content/v103526140211pw4/). Astrophys Space Sci. 299 (4): 371–85. Bibcode:2005Ap&SS.299..371G (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Ap&SS.299..371G). doi:10.1007/s10509-005-3423-5 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10509-005-3423-5). 6. ^ "Amazing Space- Fast Facts: Cartwheel Galaxy" (http://amazing- space.stsci.edu/resources/fastfacts/cartwheel_galaxy.php.p=Astronomy+basics@,eds,astronomy- basics.php&a=,eds). Amazing Space. 2008. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 7. ^ Mayya YD et al. (2005). "The Discovery of Spiral Arms in the M82". Ap J. 628 (1): L33. arXiv:astro-ph/0506275 (https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0506275). Bibcode:2005ApJ...628L..33M (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ApJ...628L..33M). doi:10.1086/432644 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F432644). 8. ^ a b "Cartwheel Galaxy" (http://sites.csn.edu/planetarium/galaxy.html). College of Southern Nevada. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 9. ^ Jane Platt (November 1, 2006). "Cartwheel Galaxy Makes Waves in New NASA Image" (http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/galex/galex-20060111.html). NASA. Retrieved 2009-05-15. 10. ^ "The Cartwheel Galaxy - Introduction" (http://chandra.harvard.edu/edu/formal/cartwheel/). Harvard- The Cartwheel galaxy in different light spectra (X- Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. January 22, 2009. Retrieved July 29, 2013. ray, , visible, and ). The image combines data from four different space-based observatories: the Chandra X-ray Observatory External links (purple), the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (ultraviolet/blue), the Galaxy Evolution Simulation:The Cartwheel Galaxy (visible/green), and the (http://burro.cwru.edu/SSAnims/CartwheelFull.mpg) (infrared/red). Image is 160 arcsec across. RA h m s Cartwheel Galaxy at Constellation Guide (http://www.constellation-guide.com/cartwheel- 00 37 41.10 Dec −33° 42′ 58.80″ in Sculptor. Credit: NASA/JPL/Caltech/P.Appleton et al. X-ray: galaxy/) NASA/CXC/A.Wolter & G.Trinchieri et al.

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Categories: Lenticular galaxies Peculiar galaxies Ring galaxies Sculptor (constellation) PGC objects http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartwheel_Galaxy 3/4 9/25/2014 Cartwheel Galaxy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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