Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47555-6 — Apuleius' Invisible Ass Geoffrey C

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47555-6 — Apuleius' Invisible Ass Geoffrey C. Benson Index More Information

Index

A Babylonian Story (Iamblichus), 136 inserted tales in, 137 A Memorable Crime (Met. 8.22), 156, 159–163 reader as spectator, 241 brevity and imprecision of the narrative, 162 Anabasis (Arrian), 55 connections with Cupid and Psyche, 162–163 Ancient Novels punishment of the slave, 161 and rites of passage, 124 symbolism of the slave’s bones, 174 as cure for impotence, 254 Acousmatic voice and Mystery Cults, 5 authority of, 57 audience of, 24 meaning of, 16, 29 biographies of the novelists, 17 stimulates curiosity, 60 survival of, 136 Adlington, William, 32, 36 Anderson, Hans Christian, 84 Adultery tales, 86, 160 Ando, Clifford, 11–12 Aelius Aristides, 193, 215, 237 Andromeda, 131 Aeneid (Virgil), 57, 174, 211, 219, 255 Animals allusions to in Cupid and Psyche, 132 ants, 155, 163 Creusa, 197 bears, 79, 155, 158, 178, 250 decapitations in, 152 Cupid as a snake, 110 Juturna aids Turnus, 116 donkey, 80 Laocoön, 110 speech of, 81–82 Trojan Horse, 79 fables about, 80 Aeschylus, 154 ﬂies, 161 Aesculapius, 73 snakes, 155, 159, 207 Africa wolves, 159 Carthage, 18, 24, 73 Annas, Julia, 93 Cyrene, 35 Antoninus Liberalis, 152, 160 Egypt, 35 Apollo, 36, 47, 57, 131 Madauros, 17, 53 oracle at Didyma, 131 Oea, 17 Apollonius of Tyana, 7, 79, 256 Punic language, 17 Apology (Apuleius), 1, 3, 5, 10, 17, 50, 53, 88, Sabratha, 17 226, 255 Zliten amphitheater mosaic, 152 apostrophe to Pudentilla’s womb, 153 Alcibiades, 107, 236 Apuleius as initiate, 228 Alexander Romance, 22, 260 excerpts in, 144 An Ephesian Tale (Xenophon of Ephesus), 17 Greek in, 245 epilogue to, 232 mirrors in, 75 inserted tales in, 137 Pythagoras, 179 oracles in, 131 supreme god, 235 situation of narration, 248 surveillance and morality, 73–75, 78 An Ethiopian Story (Heliodorus), 15, 62, 130 theurgy, 203 allegorical interpretation by Philip the unreliability of the senses, 176 Philospher, 124 voces magicae, 246

289

290 Index

Apuleius Bierl, Anton, 124 and the cult of Mithras, 247 Bloom, Harold, 240 as author, 16, 37 Body as celebrity, 16, 19, 50, 72–73, 74–76 as metaphor, 22, 151, 165–167, 180 as literary artist, 240 as temple, 218 as magician, 10, 17, 50–51, 243 growth and change of, 149 as North African, 17, 35, 53 of Isis, 149 as Platonic philosopher, 3–5, 12, 16, 76 of Photis, 149 as priest of Africa Proconsularis, 18 of slaves at the mill, 149 as religious philosopher, 24, 239 Bolin, Liu, 9 as sophist, 14, 19 Book 11, 5–6, 22–25 as translator/daemonic intermediary of abstinence theme in, 66, 176–180, 223 Plato, 48 anteludia (Met. 11.8), 198–200 biography of, 16–18 Platonic interpretation, 199 demonology of, 42–43 theatricality of, 199 friends of, 73 climactic structure of, 187, 200, 224–225 gens Apuleia, 53 December 12, 219 knowledge of languages, 35, 210 epilogue to, 188, 219, 231 knowledge of the other ancient novels, 130 first initiation (Met. 11.23), 59, 177, 204, Latin stylist, 1 209–216 possible residence in Ostia, 17, 246 inadequacy of language, 245–246 priesthood of, 73 Lucius prays to the moon (Met. 11.2), 67, 190 social background of, 156 Lucius sees the moon (Met. 11.1), 188–189 travels of, 1, 17, 73, 131 mirrors in, 196 Ares, 7 Olympian stola (Met. 11.24), 216 Aristippus, 35 parade for Isis (Met. 11.9–12), 200–209 Aristomenes, 93, 156, 191, 249, 250, 252, 253 cista, 205 Aristophantes of Athens, 100 Platonic interpretation of, 187, 208, 225, Aristotle, 38, 93–94, 193, 243 233–237 on epideictic oratory, 90–91 repetition in, 198, 221, 232 on phantasia, 109, 111, 122 role of dreams in, 191 Artemidorus, 193 Roman finale, 219 Asinius Marcellus, 18, 52, 220, 225, 246 second initiation (Met. 11.27–28), 178, 219–222 and Q. Asinius Marcellus, 246 secrecy, 231 Athena, 7, 64 solarization of, 217 Athens, 17, 34, 73 tempo of, 219 Attis, 152 third initiation (Met. 11.29–30), 177, 222–223 Auctioneer, 66 transformation of the Metamorphoses, 167 Auerbach, Erich, 58, 66 Book of the Dead, 215 Augustine, 1, 17, 18, 23, 53, 242 Borges, Jorge Luis, 51, 128 Aulus Gellius, 130, 142 Bowden, Hugh, 230 Author Bradley, Keith, 80, 181, 197 as character in a fictional work, 54–55 Brooks, Peter, 165–166 death of, 38–40, 55 Brothers Grimm, 260 Autobiography, 248 Burkert, Walter, 124, 230 Byrrhena, 131, 213 Baker’s wife, 64, 86, 90, 255 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 26, 63, 65–66, 150, 165 Callimachus, 126 Ball, Philip, 9, 10, 25, 83, 240, 260–261 Callirhoe (Chariton), 5, 103 Barthes, Roland, 16, 29, 38, 40, 54 influence on Cupid and Psyche, 130 Barton, Carlin, 83 Calvino, Italo, 147 Bartsch, Shadi, 129 Camouflage, 50, 72 Beck, Roger, 124 Carver, Robert, 32 Beroaldo, Filippo, 5, 32, 36, 101, 181, 241, 257 Cassius Dio, 8 Bibliotheca (Photius), 136 Catullus, 126, 131, 186

Index 291

Cavarero, Adriana, 40 central interpretive problem, 98–99 Cavicchioli, Sonia, 144 Charite’s reaction to, 134 Celsus, 12 complex narration of, 137, 138–143 Cenchreae, 186, 188, 240, 247 connections to the prologue of the Ceres, 103, 132, 191 Metamorphoses, 33–34, 36–37, 60, 122, 131, Chambers, Ross, 37, 127, 143 138–139 Charite, 66, 86, 142, 154, 191, 251 dismemberment in, 155 and Haemus, 64 divergences from the inserted tales in the avoids being eaten alive by animals, 164 ancient novels, 136–143, 144–145 Charite complex, 87 esotericism of, 20, 99, 124–125, 136 Christianity, 151 fault lines with the Apuleian corpus and Achilles Tatius and Heliodorus as bishops, Platonic dialogue, 20, 99–103, 118–119, 17 121, 129 and Sicinius Aemilianus, 73 foreshadowing in, 131 grace, 237 geography in, 138, 147 martyrs, 152 invisibility as a literary device, 100 Metamorphoses (Apuleius) as an allegory invisibility as mythical device, 100 against, 255 length of, 137 potential connections between the New Lucius’ epilogue to, 134–135 Testament and the ancient novels, 49 Milesiae conditor, 37, 38, 46, 140 Cicero, 152, 257 mythical texture of, 122 Civil War (Lucan), 152 narrating situation of, 125, 130 Clodius Albinus, 24 narrator as Lucius, 140 Clouds, 115 narrator as narratrix, 140 Clytemnestra, 154 narrator as Prologue speaker, 21, 141–143 Coarelli, Filippo, 246 narratrix, 33, 98, 138, 142, 254 Constantine, 180 oracle of Apollo, 131 Conte, Gian Biaggio, 14, 55 originality of, 21, 100 Conversion, 218, 237 Platonic interpretation of, 99, 101–102, Cooks, 244 119–121, 147 Corinth, 18, 82, 188, 240, 247 polyvocal narration, 140–141 Corinthian matron, 67, 86, 149, 226 position and length of, 98 Corpses, 71, 76, 149 possible publication as an excerpt in Cult images antiquity, 144 Lucius’ contemplation of, 217 poverty of human speech, 246 of Isis, 204, 217 reception of, 144, 241 Opening of the Mouth ritual, 203 repetition in, 132–134 ritual animation of, 202–205 structure of, 103 Cupid, 141 talking tower, 60, 106, 131 as daemon, 46, 101, 115 tone of, 138 as snake, 131 traces of Gnostic theology in, 182 encounters with Psyche, 104 Voluptas, 252 invisibility of, 41 Curiositas, 25, 58–60 palace of, 14, 40, 103, 104, 111, 138, 139 in Cupid and Psyche, 104 rescues Psyche, 112 meaning of, 58 warns Psyche, 132 of Lucius, 58, 79 Cupid and Psyche, 20–21, 195 of Psyche, 60, 106, 112, 121, 134 acousmatic voices in, 14, 16, 40–41, 43–46, 56, of readers, 16, 59–60, 180, 212 104, 131 Cyranides, 78, 260 afﬁnities with the ideal novels, 136 allusion to in Book 8, 162–163 Daemon, 69, 113 and rites of passage, 125 and Alexander the Great, 8 as a mise en abyme, 127 as intermediary, 12, 42, 48, 146 misleading qualities of, 21, 130–136 in the Metamorphoses, 46 as an allegory, 14, 20, 122, 258 in the New Testament, 49

292 Index

Daemon (cont.) Lucius’ about Asinius Marcellus (Met. origin of term, 42 11.27), 220 secret identities of, 48–49 Lucius’ about Isis (Met. 11.19), 203 texts as mediums for accessing, 239, Lucius’ about Isis (Met. 11.3–6), 191–197 256 Lucius’ about Osiris, 225 daimonion of Socrates, 16, 29, 42, 43, theory of, 193 56, 187 Drews, Friedemann, 36, 186 in Xenophon, 42 Dällenbach, Lucien, 126–128, 141 Echo, 41 Damnatio ad bestias, 152 Egelhaaf-Gaiser, Ulrike, 186, 218, 231 Daphnis and Chloe (Longus), 62, 103, 129 Egyptian gods, 200 epilogue to, 232 Anubis, 200, 201 metamorphosis in, 152 cow, 201 myths in, 137 cult images of, 186 situation of narration, 247 Horus, 169–170 De Interpretatione (Pseudo-Apuleius), 53 Sarapis, 220 de Jong, Irene, 32 theriomorphism, 202 de Nie, Giselle, 10 Thoth, 69 De Ofﬁciis (Cicero) Ekphrasis, 187 ethical criticism and fantasy, 94 Book 11 as, 194 ring of Gyges, 12, 62, 77 in Cupid and Psyche, 122, 141 De Re Publica (Apuleius), 3, 77, 101 in the Metamorphoses, 241 DeFilippo, Joseph, 58 of Actaeon and Diana, 1, 2, 66, 131, 156, 190, Deipnosophistae (Athenaeus), 107 192, 195, 204, 206, 217 del Vaga, Perin, 144 of Cupid, 111 Demochares, 79 of Isis, 193–196 Demosthenes, 75 urnula (Met. 11.11.3–4), 206–208 Diana, 191 writing style, 2 Dickens, Charles, 94 Ellison, Ralph, 8, 84–85 Dio Chrysostom, 214 Elsner, Jaś, 2 Diomedes, 155 Epideictic rhetoric, 19, 89–91 Dionysus, 100, 171, 172–173, 221 Epona, 213 Disembodied voice. See Acousmatic voice Erasmus, 258 Disjunction, 39, 56 Ethical Criticism Dismemberment and the fantasy novel, 93–97 continuity of identity, 164 and Aristotle, 93–94 horrifying effect of, 157 Experience in Christian literature, 153 aesthetic, 24, 254, 258 in Greek Imperial literature, 153 aesthetic vs. religious, 239 in Neronian literature, 152 deﬁnition of, 232 in the Apuleian corpus, 153–154 mystical, 24, 233 in the Metamorphoses (Apuleius), 150, 154–156 in the Onos, 154, 171 False closure, 158, 222 metaphysics of, 22 False Preface to On the God of Socrates (Apuleius), of Dionysus, 172–173 35, 47 of Osiris, 169, 170 Faustinus, 32, 36, 89 Platonic metaphysics of, 167–173 Favorinus, 73, 130, 243 Dodds, E.R., 22, 151, 180–182 Feeney, Denis, 255 Dolar, Mladen, 16, 29, 56–57, 60 Finkelpearl, Ellen, 168, 202, 206, 231, 235–237 Don Quixote, 126, 128, 249 Fish (trampled by Pythias), 65 Dreams, 186 Fitzgerald, William, 80 gods in, 193 Flaubert, Gustave, 1, 149 in Books 1–10, 191 Fletcher, Richard, 4, 20, 25, 47–48, 119 in cult of Isis, 192 Florida (Apuleius), 1, 17, 43, 46, 50, 91, 144, 226 Lucius’ about a clemens imago (Met. 11.29), 222 battle between snakes and elephants, 153

Index 293

characterization of audiences in, 72 invisibility spells in, 7, 9, 16, 68–72 dismemberments in, 154 Greek Metamorphoses, 22, 31, 36, 38, 52, 154, envisaging the invisible, 117 184, 254 invisibility in, 12 Griffiths, J. Gwyn, 201, 202, 204, 213, 223, 225 Pythagoras, 179 Groningen commentators, 25, 60, 81, 108, 144, style of, 90 178, 188, 189, 193, 195, 196, 197, 201, 208, talking animals, 82 212, 213, 223, 237 unreliability of the senses, 176 Gumbrecht, Hans Ulrich, 253 Focalization, 6, 24, 103, 111, 122, 141, 185–187, 221 Gyges, 11, 12, 14 external, 186, 194 glitch in during first initiation (Met. 11.23), Hamlet (Shakespeare), 128, 145 214–216 Harrison, Stephen, 19, 35, 49, 89, 116, 158, 199 glitches during the parade for Isis (Met. 11. Heath, John, 82, 86 9–12), 200–207 Helen, 7 internal, 186, 188, 192, 199, Hephaestus, 139 205, 209 Hera, 100, 172 shift in Book 11, 194, 208, 219, 223, 226, Hercules, 152 227, 238 Hertz, Heinrich, 114 Food, 66, 79, 82, 104, 155 Hierapolis, 73 Fowler, Don, 56 Hieroglyphics, 210 Fredouille, J.C., 53 Hippolytus, 215 Freedom (libertas), 80, 81, 83 Historia Augusta, 24, 37 Fulgentius, 34, 77, 100, 144 History of Apollonius King of Tyre, 232 allegorical interpretation of Cupid and Psyche, History of Darkness (Katie Paterson), 262–263 101, 124 Homeric Hymn to Demeter, 233 interpretation of the second half of Cupid and Horace, 2, 240 Psyche, 104 Horus and Seth, 8, 71 How Young Men Should Study Poetry Gaisser, Julia Haig, 19, 72 (Plutarch), 121 Gardener, 245 Hubble Space Telescope, 262 Genette, Gérard, 103, 186 Hunter, Richard, 4, 20, 102, 119 Genitalia Hypata, 79, 174, 249 of Lucius, 86, 263 of Osiris, 168 Idylls (Theocritus), 240, 242, 244 Genre, 17, 20, 37, 121 Iliad (Homer), 246 Georgics (Virgil), 152, 204 Achilles sees Athena, 116 Ghosts, 46, 191 bT scholion to Il. 14.342–351, 94 Gianotti, Gian Franco, 83 Cap of Hades, 7 Gibbon, Edward, 90 Hector, 241 Gide, André, 126 Hera wants to eat Trojans, 152 Gil Blas, 63 Hermes leads Priam to the Achaean camp, 72 Girard, René, 250 Phoenix’s story about Meleager, 126 Gleason, Maud, 90, 175 Imagination. See Phantasia Gnosticism, 182 In the Labyrinth (Robbe-Grillet), 126, 129 Gödel, Escher, Bach (Douglas Hoftstadter), Insane landowner, 88 135, 145 Intoxication, 142, 250 Golden Age, 186 Invisibility Golden Ass (Apuleius). See Metamorphoses and allegory, 123 (Apuleius) and coporeality, 150 Gorgias, 243 central motif in the Metamorphoses, 2, 13, 62 Gorgias (Plato), 101 definition of, 9–10 Graverini, Luca, 119, 121, 124, 164, 227, 231, 240, depiction in modern art and literature, 8–9 242, 244, 249 drawbacks of, 83–85 Greek Magical Papyri (PGM), 12, 49 Greek terminology for, 10–12 daemons in, 45 history of, 7–9, 260

294 Index

Invisibility (cont.) Lalanne, Sophie, 124 in Cupid and Psyche, 13, 20, 99, 103–106 Lamp, 112 Latin terminology for, 12–13 Lazarillo de Tormes, 63 narratological, 13 Lee, Benjamin Todd, 91 objects with power of, 260 Leigh, Matthew, 59 of Cupid, 105 Leucippe and Clitophon (Achilles Tatius), 2, 15, 81, of gods and daemons, 10, 12, 23, 186 121, 129–130 of Lucius, 62, 79, 226 anonymous authorial narrator of, 55 of Odysseus, 64 as sophistic novel, 62 optical, 9, 67 Callisthenes as hearsay lover, 107 perceptual/phenomenological, 10, 68–72, didactic interpretation of in the Greek 79, 81 Anthology (AG 9.203), 124 purposes of invisibility magic, 78–79 ending of, 135 social, 14, 80, 84–85, 261 metamorphosis in, 152 spells for becoming invisible, 7–8 myths in, 137 technologies of, 8 reader as spectator, 241 Irwin, Terence, 96 situation of narration, 247 Isis, 1, 23 Lewis, C.S., 14, 104 as tyrant, 82, 197 Liber spectaculorum (Martial), 79, 153 black garment of, 196, 263 Life of Apollonius of Tyana (Philostratus), 203, cult statue of, 252 218, 256–257 direct speech to Lucius, 196–197 Life of Artaxerxes (Plutarch), 160–162 disappearance of, 197 Life of Themistocles (Plutarch), 152 epiphany of, 192, 196, 199, 200 Life of Theseus (Plutarch), 164 eroticism of, 218 Lives of the Sophists (Philostratus), 243 explanations for her presence in Book 11, 255 Lollianus Avitus, 73 language/voice of, 246 Love, 12, 20 lunar-disk of, 195 by hearsay, 106 metamorphoses of, 71 in Cupid and Psyche, 101, 104, 120 sanctuary at Cenchreae, 211, 244 Lucian, 55, 228 Lucius James, Paula, 25, 110, 120, 142 and Gyges, 63, 76, 79, 83 James, William, 232 and Odysseus, 64–65, 67, 249 Jesus, 8, 49, 57, 153, 257 appetite of, 155 Johnson, W.R., 5 as an unobserved observer, 63–67 Josephus, 153 as charlatan, 231 Judgment of Paris (Book 10), 202 as donkey, 66, 68, 81–82, 163, 246 Julius Firmicus Maternus, 172 as narrator, 1, 15, 24, 28 Juno, 103, 132 as slave, 3, 80–81, 82, 182 Jupiter, 139, 156 as spectacle, 66 Juvenal, 14 as statue of the Sun, 216 as voyeur, 85–88 Kafka, 58, 83 character development of, 163–164, Kahane, Ahuvia, 13 189–190, 218 Keck Observatory, 262 desire to be a bird, 72, 80, 177 Keenan, James, 78 diarrhea of, 149, 158 Kenaan, Vered Lev, 76 distanced from readers in Book 11, 198, 227, Kenney, E.J., 88 233, 238 Kerényi, Károly, 259 fear of being eaten alive, 177 Keulen, Wytse, 164 from Corinth, 34 Kirichenko, Alexander, 36, 38, 229 hesitance of, 203, 209 Knapp, Robert, 14, 85 initiate, 190 König, Jason, 156–157, 163, 165–167 knowledge of Latin, 35 passive character, 190 Laird, Andrew, 93, 94, 186, 193, 195, 225 shaved head of, 64, 67, 185, 226

Index 295

Lucretius, 115–116, 252 Latin style of, 165–166, 243 Lycurgus, 171 levels of fictional reality in, 21, 145 metaphysics of, 173–174, 180–182 Macrobius, 22, 24, 151, 173 originality of, 52, 184, 254 Magical realism, 92 pleasure and therapeutic effect of immersive Man from Madauros (Madaurensem), 18, 50, reading, 251–254 52–55, 145 poetry in, 242 emmendations of, 53 point of its complex narration, 49–50 Manara, Milo, 244 possible allusions to Osiris’ Marcus Aurelius, 180, 237 dismemberment, 171 Márques, Gabriel García, 54 prose medium, 242, 245 Master of Die, 144 reader as actor, 242 Mattiacci, Silvia, 131 reader as spectator, 240–242 McHale, Brian, 54, 128, 144 recent scholarship on, 25–27 Meneliad (John Barth), 136 roles of invisibility in, 259–260 Merkelbach, Reinhold, 5, 20, 25, 103, 240, 259 satirical interpretation, 231–232 interpretation of Cupid and Psyche, 124–125 seriocomic interpretation of, 89 Meroe, 156 situation of narration, 31, 247–248 Metamorphoses (Apuleius) stock characters in Book 1, 94 reception in the visual arts, 241 structure of, 6, 24, 248 acousmatic voices in, 29 theory of anonymous publication, 50 and drama, 242, 243 tone of, 3, 24, 58, 184–185 and the Florida, 90, 91 transcendence via allegorical interpretation, aporetic interpretation of, 23, 147, 227–228 25, 254–259 as a Bildungsroman, 164 unity of, 166–167 as allegory, 25 unreliability of the senses, 174 as autobiography, 18, 54, 89 untransliterated Greek in, 13, 47, 245 as daemonic text, 6, 239–240 visionary potential of, 256–257 as fantasy novel, 91–93 Metamorphoses (Ovid), 152, 208, 255 as philosophical novel, 4–5, 80–81, 89, 151 Actaeon, 82 as Platonic allegory about reincarnation, 181, dismemberment in, 152 257–258 Echo and Narcissus, 41 as religious allegory, 89 influence on Apuleius, 150 as sophist’s novel, 18–20, 62, 89 Io, 67, 71, 82, 150 black comic tone of, 261 Iphis, 71 date of, 1, 18 Isis in, 71 didactic technique of, 96 Jupiter and Semele, 100 discontinuity in, 143–144 Pygmalion, 217 disorientation in space and time, 246–247 Pythagoras, 179 diversion from the real world, 253 talking animals, 82 esotericism of, 5, 151, 236, 259 thematic variation in, 25 ethics of, 19–20, 62, 72 vision in, 2 fault lines with the Apuleian corpus and Metamorphosis, 14 Platonic dialogue, 4, 44, 83, 88, 147, amazement at, 91–93, 163 228, 236 fragmentation of the self, 163–164 fictional orality, 244 in Hypata, 174 first-person narration, 243 in Imperial Greek and Latin literature, genre of, 89–97 152 hidden author of, 49–56 in the Metamorphoses (Apuleius), 150, horror, 157–163 156 identity of the narrator, 28 of Lucius, 16, 63, 80–83, 92, 156 illusion of presence and the limits of immersive of Lucius into a human being, 208–209 reading, 242–248 of Pamphile, 92 inadequacy of language, 194, 207, 217 of witches, 71–72 inserted tales, 98 shapeshifters (Proteus), 70

296 Index

Miéville, China, 8, 84 Natural History (Pliny the Elder), 7, 12, 77, 153, Milesian Tales (Aristides), 31, 37, 244, 248 203, 260 Millar, Fergus, 246 Naumann, Nelly, 100 Milo, 76, 175 Neoplatonism, 6, 123, 182, 255 Mimetic desire, 249–251 Nile, 168 Apuleius and the Metamorphoses, 250 nouveau roman, 128 Charite and Cupid and Psyche, 249 Nurse, 143 definition of, 250 Lucius and Cupid and Psyche, 249 Odyssey (Homer), 32, 219 Lucius and the tale of Aristomenes, 249 Calypso, 65 Mirror, 172 cannibalism, 152 mise en abyme daimones in, 49 and authorial intervention, 141 influence on the ancient novels, 64 as a dynamic literary device, 127 Odysseus, 63–65, 249 definition of, 99, 126 Phaeacians, 64 ontological complications of, 128, 145 Proteus, 71 use across genres, 126 Olympiodorus, 22, 151, 172, 173 use and function in the ancient novels, Olympus, 138 129–130, 135 On Beauty (Dio Chrysostom), 241 Mithras (cult of), 247 On Curiosity (Plutarch), 58 Mithras (priest), 23, 59, 80, 82, 93, 177, 197, 208, On Isis and Osiris (Plutarch), 151, 167–173, 206, 255 209–211, 231, 235, 252 and Metamorphoses, Book 11, 236 Mithridates, 161 Clea (the addressee), 220 Montiglio, Silvia, 247 influence on Apuleius, 167–168 Moon, 149, 195, 197 Isis and Osiris as daemons, 46 Morales, Helen, 107 Isis’ cloak, 196 Moreschini, Claudio, 4, 20, 25 natural allegories of Osiris myth, 169 Morrison, Karl, 10 Osiris as supreme god, 235 Most, Glenn, 152–153, 164–165 Platonic interpretation of Osiris myth, 169–171 Mystery cults why Isiac priests don’t eat pulse, sheep, and cult of Sarapis, 215 swine, 176 divulging secrets of Isis, 229 On Plato (Apuleius), 3, 17, 32, 120 Eleusinian mysteries, 209, 213, 214, 229, 231 addressee of, 89 indescribable features of initiation, 230 Book 3 of, 3, 77 initiation as metaphor for the soul’s ascent, 235 date of, 18 Kabeiroi at Thebes, 229 envisaging the invisible, 116–118 mistress at Lycosura, 229 supreme god in, 10–11 multiple initiations in, 231 On the Daimonion of Socrates (Plutarch), 42 mysteries of Attis, 213 Timarchus and the Oracle of Trophonius, 57 mysteries of Osiris, 220, 221 On the Eating of Flesh (Plutarch), 177, 178 passwords, 213 On the God of Socrates (Apuleius), 3, 16, 17, 29, role of vision in, 214, 221 46, 56 secrecy, 209–213, 221 acousmatic voices in, 41–45 use of books in, 210 cosmology of, 42 Mysticism, 187, 232 envisaging the invisible bodies of daemons, 109, 113–116 Narration picture of universe in, 145 of the Ancient Novles, 15 supreme god, 233–234 of the Metamorphoses, 15–16 On the Sublime (Longinus), 108 Narratology On the Universe (Apuleius), 3, 17, 32, 235–236 terminology, 28 addressee of, 89 heterodiegesis, 15, 137 date of, 18 homodiegesis, 15, 137 Onos, 52, 82, 100, 142, 152, 157, 254 hypodiegesis, 129 ending of, 184, 226, 263 unnarratable, 228–229 Lucius’ social and political invisiblity in, 63

Index 297

narration of, 15 Plato relationship with the Metamorphoses dualism of, 4 (Apuleius), 22 intellection, 20, 24 Orations (Maximus of Tyre), 42, 47, 186, metaphysics, 22 235, 256 Socrates’ daimonion in, 42, 44 Orestes, 154 theoria, 117, 233, 235 Orestes (Euripides), 7 Platt, Verity, 109, 193, 255–256 Orpheus, 106, 152, 171 Plautus, 32, 116, 255 Osiris, 18, 23 Pleasure (voluptas) appearance of, 225 in the Metamorphoses (Apuleius), 136, 251 as sun god, 215 literary, 253 as supreme god, 206, 219, 224, 235 sensual (food and sex), 251 in Underworld, 215 spiritual, 252 indirect speech of, 226 Plotinus, 22, 123, 151, 172, 234–235 Lucius’ face to face encounter with, 186, 188, Plutarch, 22, 94, 215 196, 223–226 related to Lucius, 33 myth of, 20, 168 Pompey, 152 Ostia, 221, 246 Porphyry, 234–235 Prince, Gerald, 229 P.Oxy. LXX 4762, 22, 52 Proclus, 123 Pamphile, 10, 14, 63, 72, 76, 79–80, 155, 156, Progymnasmata, 2, 51, 241, 258 218, 244 Prologue of the Metamorphoses, 15–16, 29–30 Pan, 41 acousmatic quality of, 38 Panayotakis, Costas, 110, 111–112, 120–121 as a nexus of identities, 36–38, 47 Panayotakis, Stelios, 110 as dialogue, 36 Pandora’s box, 106 circus acrobatics (desultoria scientia), 30, 46 Pasiphae, 152 daemonic characteristics of the narrator, 46–49 Pater, Walter, 1, 100, 121, 122, 124, 138, 163 identity of the narrator, 16, 28, 29–49 Pausanias, 192, 203, 229 invisibility of narrator, 13–14 Pease, Arthur, 8 narrator as Apuleius, 35 Penwill, J.L., 53, 186 narrator as book, 35 Perelman, Chaim, 91 narrator as Lucius, 33–35 Perry, B.E., 184 narrator as Plautine Master of Ceremonies, 35 Phaedo (Plato), 4, 173 narrator’s relationship with Apuleius, 51 Apuleius’ translation of, 3, 101 pronouns in, 40 body as prison, 180 sounds of, 39–40 Phaedrus (Plato), 204, 214 tone of, 29, 56–60 fall of the soul, 101–102, 119 Propertius, 218 popularity in the second century AD, 122 Proserpina, 106, 191, 214 theoria, 118 Psyche, 20, 40–41, 56, 103, 257 Phantasia, 193, 240, 256 and Charite, 134 Apuleius’ knowledge of, 108 and Lucius, 127, 134, 135, 233 how it works, 109 apotheosis of, 120 in Book 11, 218 as model for readers of the Metamorphoses, in Cupid and Psyche, 108 121–122 in Leucippe and Clitophon (Achilles Tatius), beauty of, 194 107–108 compared to Callisthenes of Leucippe and in On the God of Socrates (Apuleius), 114–116 Clitophon (Achilles Tatius), 108 in the Life of Apollonius of Tyana katabasis of, 98, 133 (Philostratus), 108, 256–257 lack of wings, 102 meaning of, 108 resemblance to Alcibiades, 106 Phillips, Richard, 8, 9–10, 14, 16, 69, 78–79 simplicitas of, 110 Philopseudeis (Lucian), 46, 203, 256 stories about Cupid, 108–110 Photis, 80, 81, 110, 190, 196, 218 tasks of, 104, 106, 133 Plataea, 79, 247 vision of, 20, 111–112, 120

298 Index

Pudens, 17, 74, 153 Setna and Sa-Osiris, 71 Pudentilla, 17, 50, 153 Severianus Honorinus, 73 Pythagoras, 16, 29, 57, 68, 178–179 Sharf, Robert, 232 Sicinius Aemilianus, 10, 73–74, 83, 255 Quintilian, 91, 257 Sicinius Pontianus, 17 Quis ille?, 13, 31–33, 138–139 Sisenna, 37, 244 Sisters of Psyche, 14, 59, 105, 108–110, 112, 132, 139 Reader (lector), 31, 39, 59, 211–212, 242, 251, 253 Slater, Niall, 78, 175 Relihan, Joel, 134, 144 Slavery, 14, 44, 63, 87, 156, 159, 160, 161, 164, 174 Republic (Plato), 11, 20, 120 Smith, Morton, 78 cap of Hades, 7 Smith, Warren, 126 diegesis, 243 Snell, Bruno, 82 myth of Er, 57 Socrates (character in the Metamorphoses), 156, perils of poetry and fiction, 250, 254 191, 251, 252, 253 ring of Gyges, 7, 16, 62, 68, 76–78, 83, 88, 93, Socrates (philosopher), 29, 44, 76, 96, 228 96, 260 Sophists, 19, 90 the tyrant, 81 invisibility of, 14 utopianism, 96 Sparta, 34 Rimell, Victoria, 153, 156–157 Spiritual Exercises (Loyola), 257 Risus festival, 176 Sprech-Maschine. See von Kempelen, Wolfgang Robbers, 46, 64, 142, 154, 155, 178, 247 Statue Roman legionary, 245 colossus of Memnon, 203 Rome, 17, 73, 138, 158, 186, 222, 240 Lucius as (Met. 11.24), 67 Rowling, J.K., 8 of Apuleius in Carthage, 73 Rushdie, Salman, 54, 92 of Apuleius in Constantinople (Baths of Zeuxippos), 73 Sallustius, 1 of Apuleius in Madauros, 53, 73 Samos, 73 of Apuleius in Oea, 73 Sandy, Gerald, 19, 89 Strabo, 203 Satyrica (Petronius), 184 Struck, Peter, 6, 123 body metaphors in, 165 Suicide, 134, 142, 173 cannibalism, 153 Supernatural assistant (paredros), 45–46, 51 cena Trimalchionis, 64, 144 Supreme god, 10, 208 Encolpius, 15 Surveillance State, 76 Eumolpus, 153 Swain, Simon, 13 fragmentary nature of, 136 Symposium (Plato), 236 hidden author of, 14, 55 Diotima on the ascent of the lover, 118 identity of Petronius, 17 dualistic nature of love, 101 influence on Apuleius, 130 influence on the ancient novels, 135 inserted tales in, 137 Syrian goddess narration of, 15 priests of, 66, 86 poetry in, 242 Pythagoras, 179 Tacitus, 174, 203 the body in, 156–157 Tale of the Lovesick Stepmother (Met. 10.2–12), 175 why bear meat is unappetizing, 178 Tatum, James, 19, 25 Satyricon (Fellini), 244 Tegethoff, Ernst, 100 Savage boy (Met. 7.26), 85, 155, 157–158, 171 Terdiman, Richard, 258 Scaphism (torture of the boats), 160–161 Terence, 43 Schlam, Carl, 25, 52, 88, 101, 122, 146, 252, 254 Tertullian, 12, 13, 255 Scipio Orfitus, 73 Text network, 22 Second Sophistic, 19, 90, 185, 255 The Arabian Nights, 126 Selden, Daniel, 22 The Dream or the Cock (Lucian), 68, 88, 96 Semele, 213 invisiblity in, 77 Seneca, 153, 171, 197 The E at Delphi (Plutarch), 172 Septimius Severus, 24 The Ship or the Wishes (Lucian), 62, 68

Index 299

ring of Gyges, 77 Vetus Latina, 12 The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (Frank Baum), 57 Vico, Giambattista, 114 The Wonders beyond Thule (Antonius Diogenes), video 15, 136 in Book 11, 188, 199, 214, 216, 220 Thebes, 247 in Cupid and Psyche, 102, 105, 111, 120, Thelyphron, 66, 71–72, 79, 244 133, 141 mutilation of his face, 155 in On Plato (Apuleius), 117 Theodorus Priscianus, 254 Vision Theophrastus, 94 in Ancient Novels, 2 Thessaly, 33 in Metamorphoses (Apuleius), 2 Theurgy, 123, 255 in Roman imperial culture, 62 Thiasus, 66 Voces magicae, 69 Thrasyleon, 79, 178 von Kempelen, Wolfgang, 56–57 Thrasyllus, 87, 251 Vonnegut Jr., Kurt, 54 Tibullus, 197 Tiffany, Daniel, 114 Wagner, 260 Tilg, Stefan, 25, 52, 163, 227 Walker, Jeffrey, 91 Timaeus (Plato), 4, 11, 173 Walsh, P.G., 125–127, 147 inﬂuence on Apuleius’ cosmology, 145 Webb, Ruth, 242, 257, 258 metaphysics (Form, Receptacle, Copy), Wells, H.G., 8, 9, 68, 83 169–170 Whitmarsh, Tim, 124, 228 theoria, 118 Whittaker, John, 122 Titans, 172 Wildberg, Christian, 172 Tolkien, J.R.R., 8, 83 Winkler, John, 23–24, 28, 54, 64, 226, Too, Yun Lee, 139 238, 248 Translation, 22 actor/auctor distinction, 23, 185–186 Cicero’s translation of Plato’s Timaeus, 11 aporetic interpretation of the Metamorphoses, in Cupid and Psyche, 47 185, 239 in On the God of Socrates, 47–48 criticism of, 40, 227–228 in the prologue of the Metamorphoses, 47 dismemberment and the unity of the Metamorphoses (Apuleius) as translation of Metamorphoses, 166 Greek Metamorphoses, 47, 51–52, 244–245 interpretation of Book 11, 6 Trapp, Michael, 122 interpretation of Cupid and Psyche, 134, 138, 143 True Stories (Lucian), 15 interpretation of the prologue of the Typhon, 168–169, 247, 255 Metamorphoses, 36, 37 Lucius changes in Book 11, 189 Uden, James, 14 on Cupid’s secret identity, 101 Underworld, 98, 106, 112, 133, 138, 213, 215 Witches, 79, 156, 191, 250 Wlosok, Antonie, 25, 164 Van Groningen, Bernard, 90 Van Mal-Maeder, Danielle, 140–141 Zephyr, 104 Varro, 2, 44, 47 Zeus, 172–173, 213 Venus, 106, 112, 132, 141, 191, 194, 202 Zimmerman, Maaike, 32, 98, 119, 140–141 Versnel, H.S., 82 Zoroastrianism, 169–171