DOCSLIB.ORG

Per Memoriam Ad Spem

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Per Memoriam Ad Spem UT TR H A F ND O N F O R I I S E S N I D M S H M I O P C I N D E O T N S E LE SI R- A - TIMO PER MEMORIAM AD SPEM FINAL REPORT OF THE COMMISSION OF TRUTH AND FRIENDSHIP (CTF) INDONESIA - TIMOR-LESTE FINAL REPORT OF THE COMMISSION OF TRUTH AND FRIENDSHIP (CTF) INDONESIA - TIMOR-LESTE !e title of the Commission’s Final Report, Per Memoriam ad Spem, is from Latin, which means ”through memory towards hope”. !e rice stalk signifies prosperity and peace. !e brown background represents honesty and reliability, and gives a sense of mental and physical wholesomeness. As a whole, the elements of the Final Report cover reflect the nature and the qualities required throughout the process of the Commission’s mandate implementation. !e combination of all these elements have produced the findings elaborated in this Report, as a memory in the form of lessons learned. !ese lessons will then become the foundation to build a future where past wrongs will not be repeated. It is our hope that the future as reflected above will transpire. 2 3 FOREWORD Based on shared experience and prompted by a strong desire to move forward in order to strengthen peace and friendship, Indonesia and Timor Leste have resolved to settle residual issues of the past through common effort. It is a fact that the people of the two nations have gone through a lengthy road in overcoming a part of their sometimes painful past. With the resolve to learn from the causes of past violence in order to strengthen the foundation for reconciliation, friendship, peace, and prosperity, this common effort was realized by the Governments of Indonesia and Timor-Leste through the establishment of the Commission of Truth and Friendship (CTF) Indonesia – Timor Leste. After going through an initial stage that was full of challenges, the Commission was finally able to finish a Report addressing one of the residual issues between Indonesia and Timor Leste regarding various acts of violence surrounding the Popular Consultation in East Timor in 1999. !e Commission’s mandate tasked it with establishing the Conclusive Truth regarding human rights violations reported to have occurred prior to, immediately after the Popular Consultation on 30 August 1999 and to prepare recommendations that can contribute to healing wounds of the past and strengthen friendship. !ese recommendations aim at realizing a shared historical record that can form the basis for a peaceful and prosperous future for the two nations. !e Final Report of the Commission, entitled Per Memoriam Ad Spem, is the Commission’s response to its mandate. Since it officially began exercising its mandate on 11 August 2005, the Commission has designed metholodogies and programs intended to reveal the Conclusive Truth regarding human rights violations in 1999 in three main phases, namely: the (1) A Document Review of four bodies of documents from KPP-HAM Timor Timur, CAVR Timor Leste, the Jakarta Ad Hoc Human Rights Tribunal and the Special Panels for Serious Crimes in Dili; (2) A Fact Finding process; and (3) !e Commission’s Final Report. !e Commission’s Final Report was a result of a combined analysis of Findings and Conclusions from the Commission’s Document Review Process and Fact Finding Process. !e Report thus represents an account of the Commission’s work for two-and-a-half years since its inception in the last quarter in 2005. i !rough its process of truth seeking in the preparation of its Report, the Commission has Indonesian, Timor-Leste and international NGOs, as well as Centre for Internal reflected on all views in an atmosphere of openness, mutual respect, and a future-oriented Displacement Service (CIS) Kupang and the Peace and Justice Commission of Kupang reconciliatory approach. !e Commission hopes that “Per Memoriam Ad Spem” will open up Archdiocese; hope in the future. !e result of the Commission’s work asks the leadership of the two nations to accept events of the past with openness and sincerity and to work together to formulate real Mass media, both print and electronic, from both countries as well as international measures promoting future change. media; !e Commission believes that events of the past should never shackle the two nations in a All other parties whom we cannot mention one by one, for the cooperation, partnership, space devoid of hope. !e past must be accepted and agreed as a common footstep to open a advice and criticisms that hasve helped the Commission in carrying out its work. new page of history. Revealing events of the past based on factual and conclusive truth serves as the foundation for the two nations to pave a new road towards cooperation that can empower Specifically the Commission would like to thank the Co-Directors of the Joint Secretariat, each other in the spirit of eternal friendship. as well as all staff, including the translation team, who have enabled this Final Report to be materialized according to their respective roles. It is the Commission’s sincere intention to make this Report a joint effort that enables the two nations to move forward in friendship. !is requires !is requires strengthening pillars Most importantly, the Commission would like to profoundly state its highest appreciation of peace and friendship that reach all layers of society in the two nations. It is on this basis to all parties who have answered the Commission’s invitation to appear and participate that the Commission has chosen to use a Latin phrase as the title of this Report, that is, Per in the Commission’s process to reveal the Conclusive Truth. !e Commission appreciates Memoriam Ad Spem, which the Commission understands as meaning to look into and take the opinions as well as testimonies conveyed by each individual who appeared before the lessons from past experience to create a future full of hope. Commission as input to be further analyzed in the Commission’s process. In the exercise of its mandate, the Commission has received valuable support from the !e world has seen many Truth and Reconciliation Commission, but this Commission leadership of the two states, government institutions, expert advisors, academics and other is the first Truth and Friendship Commission in the world established by two states, and sources, media, non-governmental organizations and individuals, both in Indonesia and in will become an historical precedent as a comparison for other such Commissions that may Timor-Leste. For that reason, the Commission would like to extend its highest gratitude and be established in the future. Its nature as the first bi-national Commission in the world, appreciation to: aside from basing its mandate on the concept of restorative justice that is not linked with retributive justice, the Terms of Reference also provides a challenege to the Commission to President of the Republic of Indonesia and President and Prime Minister of the seek institutional responsibility, a concept that is not recognized in criminal law. All of us, in Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste along with officials and institutions of both states; particular those involved in the Commission’s process, have been a part of an historical event. Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia and the Democratic Republic of !e present generation owes the future generation to mend all broken relationships and lay a Timor-Leste; strong foundation for a future that shines, and is full of hope. Public officials, police and military of both states; Finally, mindful that nobody is perfect, the Commission hereby submits this Report to the Leaders of Indonesia and Timor-Leste in accordance with its mandate. We hope that this Government of Bali Province who have provided the place and helped the Commission Report will serve as an important step to open up a new page in the relationship between the so that its organization aspect in the mandate implementation proceeded smoothly; two nations. Government of East Nusa Tenggara Province; Prof. Dr. David Cohen, expert in International Criminal Law and Director of Center for Denpasar, 31 March 2008 War Crime Studies, University of California, Berkeley, and his entire research team; Commission of Truth and Friendship Prof. Dr. Robert Evans, Direktur, Plowshares Institute and Dr. Alice Evans; Indonesia – Timor Leste Sources and academics from both countries as well as from the international community who have shed light on aspects pertaining to the context and constellation of East Timor issues, including for the period prior, during and after the Popular Consultation in East Timor in 1999; ii iii REFLECTION BY THE COMMISSION Both Indonesian and Timor-Leste commissioners have worked together since August 2005 until May 2008 as part of the Commission of Truth and Friendship Indonesia – Timor- Leste. !e responsibility borne by the commissioners in carrying out the mandate to seek the conclusive truth and to build reconciliation and friendship between the peoples of Indonesia and Timor-Leste is not a light one. On such realization, the Commissioners would like to extend their gratitude to the mandate givers from the Republic of Indonesia and the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste for the trust given to us, the commissioners, who were appointed to sit in the Commission of Truth and Friendship Indonesia – Timor-Leste. We too have gained experience from the process of exercising the mandate of the Commission, that it is not easy to reach agreements on the conclusive truth. !is requires moral courage, humility and wisdom to be able to release oneself from emotional ties, and keep a distance from the violent events that took place in East Timor in 1999, in order to take a more objective and enlightened approach to build a better future between the two nations.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PAYING for PROTECTION the Freeport Mine and the Indonesian Security Forces
    global witness PAYING FOR PROTECTION The Freeport mine and the Indonesian security forces A report by Global Witness July 2005 2 Paying for Protection Contents Paying for Protection: an overview . 3 Soeharto’s Indonesia . 7 Freeport in Papua . 9 “False and irrelevant” versus “almost hysterical denial”: Freeport and the investors . 12 Box: The ambush of August 2002 . 16 The “Freeport Army” . 18 Box: What Freeport McMoRan said ... and didn’t say . 19 General Simbolon’s dinner money . 21 Box: Mahidin Simbolon in East Timor and Papua . 23 Paying for what exactly? . 27 From individuals to institutions? . 28 Building better communities . 28 Paying for police deployments? . 29 Conclusion . 30 Box: Transparency of corporate payments in Indonesia . 30 Box: What Rio Tinto said ... and didn’t say . 33 References . 35 Global Witness wishes to thank Yayasan HAK, a human rights organisation of Timor Leste, for its help with parts of this report. Cover photo: Beawiharta/Reuters/Corbis Global Witness investigates and exposes the role of natural resource exploitation in funding conflict and corruption. Using first-hand documentary evidence from field investigations and undercover operations, we name and shame those exploiting disorder and state failure. We lobby at the highest levels for a joined-up international approach to manage natural resources transparently and equitably. We have no political affiliation and are non-partisan everywhere we work. Global Witness was co-nominated for the 2003 Nobel Peace Prize for our work on conflict diamonds. ISBN 0-9753582-8-6 This report is the copyright of Global Witness, and may not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the organisation, except by those who wish to use it to further the protection of human rights and the environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Documents from the Indonesian Ad Hoc Tribunal for East Timor
    Documents from the Indonesian Ad Hoc Tribunal for East Timor Judgment Defendant Eurico Guterres Indonesian Ad Hoc Tribunal Judgment of Eurico Guterres JUDGMENT NO. 04/PID.HAM/AD.HOC/2002/PH.JKT.PST. "FOR JUSTICE BASED ON THE ONE AND ONLY GOD" Human Rights Ad Hoc Court at Central Jakarta District Human Rights Court, presided and ruled over the criminal case at the first instance of Grave Human Rights violations in East Timor, according to regular procedure had pronounced the judgment as stated in court order under the case of the Defendant: N a m e : EURICO GUTERRES Place of Birth : Vatolari Age/Date of Birth : 28 years/July 17, 1974 Sex : Male Nationality : Indonesian Address : Jln. W.R. Monginsidi III/5 Kupang Religion : Catholic Occupation : Former Deputy Commander of Pro-Integration Forces (PPI) The Defendant has not been detained. The Defendant, defended by his Lawyer Team: SUHARDI SOMOMOELJONO, S.H. et.al., based on Specific Letter of Power of Attorney (Surat Kuasa Khusus) dated on June 26, 2002: The Human Rights Ad Hoc Court; After reading files related to the case; After reading the Chairman of Human Rights Ad Hoc Court Central Jakarta Decree No.04/PID.HAM/AD.HOC/2002/PH.JKT.PST., dated on June 3, 2002, concerning the appointment of the Judge Panel who presides and rules over the case; After reading the Chairman of Human Rights Ad Hoc Court Central Jakarta Decree No.04/PID.HAM/AD.HOC/2002/PH.JKT.PST., dated on June 20, 2002, concerning the decision on the trial day; After hearing the indicment letter read by the Ad Hoc Prosecuting Attorney, No.
    [Show full text]
  • Timor-Leste's Veterans
    Update Briefing Asia Briefing N°129 Dili/Jakarta/Brussels, 18 November 2011 Timor-Leste’s Veterans: An Unfinished Struggle? not solved the problem. Judgment on difficult cases has I. OVERVIEW been deferred based on a belief that fraudulent claims will be revealed through denunciation once the lists are pub- More than ten years after the formation of Timor-Leste’s lished. Even with the option to appeal, new discontent is army and the demobilisation of the guerrilla force that being created that will require mediation. fought for independence, the struggle continues about how to pay tribute to the veterans. The increasingly wealthy state Beyond cash benefits, there are two areas where veterans’ has bought off the threat once posed by most dissidents demands for greater influence will have to be checked. The with an expensive cash benefits scheme and succeeded in first is the scope and shape of a proposed veterans’ council, engaging most veterans’ voices in mainstream politics. This whose primary role will be to consult on benefits as well approach has created a heavy financial burden and a com- as to offer a seal of institutional legitimacy. Some veterans plicated process of determining who is eligible that will hope it will be given an advisory dimension, allowing them create new tensions even as it resolves others. A greater to guide government policy and cementing their elite sta- challenge lies in containing pressures to give them dispro- tus. Such a broad role looks unlikely but the illusion that portionate political influence and a formal security role. veterans might be given more influence has likely in- A careful balance will need to be struck between paying creased the government’s appeal in advance of elections homage to heroes while allowing a younger generation of next year.
    [Show full text]
  • Length-Based Stock Assessment Area WPP
    Report Code: AR_711_120820 Length-Based Stock Assessment Of A Species Complex In Deepwater Demersal Fisheries Targeting Snappers In Indonesia Fishery Management Area WPP 711 DRAFT - NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION. TNC-IFCP Technical Paper Peter J. Mous, Wawan B. IGede, Jos S. Pet AUGUST 12, 2020 THE NATURE CONSERVANCY INDONESIA FISHERIES CONSERVATION PROGRAM AR_711_120820 The Nature Conservancy Indonesia Fisheries Conservation Program Ikat Plaza Building - Blok L Jalan By Pass Ngurah Rai No.505, Pemogan, Denpasar Selatan Denpasar 80221 Bali, Indonesia Ph. +62-361-244524 People and Nature Consulting International Grahalia Tiying Gading 18 - Suite 2 Jalan Tukad Pancoran, Panjer, Denpasar Selatan Denpasar 80225 Bali, Indonesia 1 THE NATURE CONSERVANCY INDONESIA FISHERIES CONSERVATION PROGRAM AR_711_120820 Table of contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Materials and methods for data collection, analysis and reporting 6 2.1 Frame Survey . 6 2.2 Vessel Tracking and CODRS . 6 2.3 Data Quality Control . 7 2.4 Length-Frequency Distributions, CpUE, and Total Catch . 7 2.5 I-Fish Community . 28 3 Fishing grounds and traceability 32 4 Length-based assessments of Top 20 most abundant species in CODRS samples includ- ing all years in WPP 711 36 5 Discussion and conclusions 79 6 References 86 2 THE NATURE CONSERVANCY INDONESIA FISHERIES CONSERVATION PROGRAM AR_711_120820 1 Introduction This report presents a length-based assessment of multi-species and multi gear demersal fisheries targeting snappers, groupers, emperors and grunts in fisheries management area (WPP) 711, covering the Natuna Sea and the Karimata Strait, surrounded by Indonesian, Malaysian, Vietnamese and Singaporean waters and territories. The Natuna Sea in the northern part of WPP 711 lies in between Malaysian territories to the east and west, while the Karimata Strait in the southern part of WPP 711 has the Indonesian island of Sumatra to the west and Kalimantan to the east (Figure 1.1).
    [Show full text]
  • The Making of Middle Indonesia Verhandelingen Van Het Koninklijk Instituut Voor Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde
    The Making of Middle Indonesia Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde Edited by Rosemarijn Hoefte KITLV, Leiden Henk Schulte Nordholt KITLV, Leiden Editorial Board Michael Laffan Princeton University Adrian Vickers Sydney University Anna Tsing University of California Santa Cruz VOLUME 293 Power and Place in Southeast Asia Edited by Gerry van Klinken (KITLV) Edward Aspinall (Australian National University) VOLUME 5 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/vki The Making of Middle Indonesia Middle Classes in Kupang Town, 1930s–1980s By Gerry van Klinken LEIDEN • BOSTON 2014 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐ Noncommercial 3.0 Unported (CC‐BY‐NC 3.0) License, which permits any non‐commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The realization of this publication was made possible by the support of KITLV (Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies). Cover illustration: PKI provincial Deputy Secretary Samuel Piry in Waingapu, about 1964 (photo courtesy Mr. Ratu Piry, Waingapu). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Klinken, Geert Arend van. The Making of middle Indonesia : middle classes in Kupang town, 1930s-1980s / by Gerry van Klinken. pages cm. -- (Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, ISSN 1572-1892; volume 293) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-26508-0 (hardback : acid-free paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-26542-4 (e-book) 1. Middle class--Indonesia--Kupang (Nusa Tenggara Timur) 2. City and town life--Indonesia--Kupang (Nusa Tenggara Timur) 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Timor-Leste: - Minerals Potential
    Exploring Timor-Leste: - Minerals Potential Francisco da Costa Monteiro1, Vicenti da Costa Pinto2 Pacific Economic Cooperation Council-PECC Minerals Network Brisbane, Queensland 17-18 November 2003 1 Natural Resources Counterpart, Office of President, Palacio das Cinzas, Rua Caicoli Dili, Timor-Leste, +670 7249085, [email protected] 2 Director of Energy and Minerals, Ministry of Development and Environment, Fomento Building, Timor-Leste, + 670 7236320, [email protected] Abstract The natural and mineral resources, with which Timor-Leste is endowed are waiting to be developed in an environmentally friendly manner for the greater economic and social good of the people of the this newly independent nation. The major metallic minerals in Timor-Leste are gold, copper, silver, manganese, although further investigations are needed to determine the size, their vertical and lateral distribution. Gold is found as alluvial deposit probably derived from quartz veins in the crystalline schist of (Aileu Formation). It can also be found as ephithermal mineralisation such as in Atauro island. Nearby islands, Wetar, Flores, and Sumba islands of Indonesia Republic have produced gold deposit in a highly economic quantity. In Timor-Leste, the known occurrences of these precious minerals are mostly concentrate along the northern coastal area and middle part of the country associated with the thrust sheets. The copper- gold-silver occurrences associated with ophiolite suites resembling Cyprus type volcanogenic deposits have been reported from Ossu (Viqueque district), Ossuala (Baucau district), Manatuto and Lautem districts. The Cyprus type volcanogenic massive sulphides are usually between 500.000 to a few million tons in size or larger (UN ESCAP-report, 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Update Briefing Asia Briefing N°129 Dili/Jakarta/Brussels, 18 November 2011 Timor-Leste’S Veterans: an Unfinished Struggle?
    Update Briefing Asia Briefing N°129 Dili/Jakarta/Brussels, 18 November 2011 Timor-Leste’s Veterans: An Unfinished Struggle? not solved the problem. Judgment on difficult cases has I. OVERVIEW been deferred based on a belief that fraudulent claims will be revealed through denunciation once the lists are pub- More than ten years after the formation of Timor-Leste’s lished. Even with the option to appeal, new discontent is army and the demobilisation of the guerrilla force that being created that will require mediation. fought for independence, the struggle continues about how to pay tribute to the veterans. The increasingly wealthy state Beyond cash benefits, there are two areas where veterans’ has bought off the threat once posed by most dissidents demands for greater influence will have to be checked. The with an expensive cash benefits scheme and succeeded in first is the scope and shape of a proposed veterans’ council, engaging most veterans’ voices in mainstream politics. This whose primary role will be to consult on benefits as well approach has created a heavy financial burden and a com- as to offer a seal of institutional legitimacy. Some veterans plicated process of determining who is eligible that will hope it will be given an advisory dimension, allowing them create new tensions even as it resolves others. A greater to guide government policy and cementing their elite sta- challenge lies in containing pressures to give them dispro- tus. Such a broad role looks unlikely but the illusion that portionate political influence and a formal security role. veterans might be given more influence has likely in- A careful balance will need to be struck between paying creased the government’s appeal in advance of elections homage to heroes while allowing a younger generation of next year.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of UNHCR's Repatriation and Reintegration Programme In
    UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES EVALUATION AND POLICY ANALYSIS UNIT Evaluation of UNHCR’s repatriation and reintegration programme in East Timor, 1999-2003 By Chris Dolan, Email: [email protected], EPAU/2004/02 and Judith Large, Email: [email protected] February 2004 independent consultants, and Naoko Obi, EPAU Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit UNHCR’s Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit (EPAU) is committed to the systematic examination and assessment of UNHCR policies, programmes, projects and practices. EPAU also promotes rigorous research on issues related to the work of UNHCR and encourages an active exchange of ideas and information between humanitarian practitioners, policymakers and the research community. All of these activities are undertaken with the purpose of strengthening UNHCR’s operational effectiveness, thereby enhancing the organization’s capacity to fulfil its mandate on behalf of refugees and other displaced people. The work of the unit is guided by the principles of transparency, independence, consultation, relevance and integrity. Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Case Postale 2500 1211 Geneva 2 Switzerland Tel: (41 22) 739 8249 Fax: (41 22) 739 7344 e-mail: [email protected] internet: www.unhcr.org/epau All EPAU evaluation reports are placed in the public domain. Electronic versions are posted on the UNHCR website and hard copies can be obtained by contacting EPAU. They may be quoted, cited and copied, provided that the source is acknowledged. The views expressed in EPAU publications are not necessarily those of UNHCR. The designations and maps used do not imply the expression of any opinion or recognition on the part of UNHCR concerning the legal status of a territory or of its authorities.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com09/28/2021 01:04:07PM Via Free Access N Savu Sea
    Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde Vol. 168, no. 4 (2012), pp. 445-471 URL: http://www.kitlv-journals.nl/index.php/btlv URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1-113837 Copyright: content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License ISSN: 0006-2294 BALTHASAR KEHI AND LISA PALMER Hamatak halirin The cosmological and socio-ecological roles of water in Koba Lima, Timor Introduction Focussing on the Tetun speaking kingdoms of Koba Lima, an area straddling the borders of independent East Timor and Indonesian West Timor (see Map 1), this paper is an exploration of customary understandings of water and its centrality in the layers and nuances of local socio-ecological and cosmologi- cal thought, practices and experiences. Like many other eastern archipelagic societies, in the myth of creation of Koba Lima, it is said that in the begin- ning everything was water. Here, water is considered to be the mother, while fire is the father. Given the original undifferentiated unity of the world, in other contexts the mother is also said to be the stars and moon (with the lat- ter known to reflect the image of the sacred banyan and bamboo back to the earth), and the father is the sun, the eternal light and fire. It is believed, we argue, that it is through the intermingling of water and fire that the spirit of life is transformed into life itself and eventually into death. Documenting this profoundly holistic, poetic, and many layered understanding of being is a contribution of distinctive insights to the literature concerning the socio- cosmic dualisms found at the heart of Timorese and other eastern archipelagic societies (Fox 1980).
    [Show full text]
  • Ad Hoc Human Rights Court Trial Monitoring Report No. 8
    Institute For Policy Research and Advocacy (ELSAM) Monitoring Report on Ad Hoc Human Rights Court Against Gross Human Rights Violations in East Timor Jakarta, Indonesia Report No. 8 Jakarta, 12 November 2002 Introduction: Eurico Guteres’ Position in the Crime Against Humanity in East Timor There is no doubt that the chain of events before and after the referendum in East Timor is a crime. The crime was in form of terror, manslaughter, abduction until it reached the peak in form of. extermination, along with the migra- tion of hundreds of thousand refugees. All the defendants in the Human Right Ad Hoc Court are individuals sus- pected of having executed, sponsored or facilitated the chain of crimes. Those acts of crime in Indonesian system of positive law are quantified as crime against humanity. In order to substantiate that the crime against humanity exited and occurred, Eurico Gutteres has been standing on trial. As the Vice Commander of Pasukan Pejuang Integrasi (Pro-Integration Troop) he adopted a very impor- tant role in East Timor’s field condition pre and post referendum. It can even been said that Eurico Gutteres was the icon of the chain of violence along with his Aitarak militia throughout the referendum process. Almost everyone in East Timor at the time, especially in Dili, knew that Eurico was free in doing his activities due to the space and freedom provided by the security apparatus. Eurico, with the Aitarak militia, was free to mobilise other militias from Liwuisa up to Suai, Meliana to Los Palos and equip them with TNI/Police standard or generic weapons.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    JAP UNWIRA [VOL. 3, NO. 2, JULI-DESEMBER 2020] Metafisika Politik: Menimbang Kekuatan Aristokrasi dalam Pilkada Belu dan Malaka Tahun 2020 Political Metaphysics: Considering the Aristoctic Power in the 2020 General Election of District Heads in Belu and Malaka Regencies Hendrik Saku Bouk Ilmu Komunikasi-Universitas Katolik Widya Mandira, Kupang E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This writing intends to describe the carrying out of election of district heads of Belu and Malaka regencies of the East Nusa Tenggara Province in December 2020. This paper is of the opinion that the election of district heads in these two regencies involved the perspective of political metaphysics. According to indigenous tradition of the Belunese and the Malakans, the metaphysical power is transformed into the personality of the raja. Raja is the representation of the divine, the incarnation of god (Maromak Oan) and endowed politically with rights to govern. In the general election of the Malaka and Belu district heads, the pair candidates running for the posts of regent and vice regent did their best to win the electoral contestation by building their political power through the coalition of political parties, through campaign for mass support, through political physics that mobilizes all political machinery as well as through pataphysics that make use of the virtual networks. Nevertheless, the coalition of political parties still take into account the power of metaphysical politics based on aristocracy. The nobilities are considered worthy to become the persons endowed with privileges to govern. Therefore the election of district heads does not necessarily always have to do with coalition, campaign and money politics, but also with tradition and belief of the voters who demonstrate their preference to the candidates from the aristocratic circles.
    [Show full text]
  • Lords of the Land, Lords of the Sea Voorstellen DEF.Indd 1 11-01-12 14:01 LORDS of the LAND, LORDS of the SEA
    Lords of the land, lords sea Lords of the land, lords of the sea 1600-1800 and adaptation in early colonial Timor, Conflict Conflict and adaptation in early colonial Timor, 1600-1800 European traders and soldiers established a foothold on Timor in the course of the seventeenth century, motivated by the quest for the commercially vital sandalwood and the intense competition between the Dutch and the Portuguese. Lords of the land, lords of the sea focuses on two centuries of contacts between the indigenous polities on Timor and the early colonials, and covers the period 1600-1800. In contrast with most previous studies, the book treats Timor as a historical region in its own right, using a wide array of Dutch, Portuguese and other original sources, which are compared with the comprehensive corpus of oral tradition recorded on the island. From this rich material, a lively picture emerges of life and death in early Timorese society, the forms of trade, slavery, warfare, alliances, social life. The investigation demonstrates that the European groups, although having a role as ordering political forces, were only part of the political landscape of Timor. They relied on alliances where the distinction between ally and vassal was moot, and led to frequent conflicts and uprisings. During a slow and complicated process, the often turbulent political conditions involving Europeans, Eurasians, and Hans Hägerdal Timorese polities, paved the way for the later division of Timor into two spheres of roughly equal size. Hans Hägerdal (1960) is a Senior Lecturer in History at the Linnaeus University, Sweden. He has written extensively on East and Southeast Asian history.
    [Show full text]