Plant Profile

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Plant Profile Botanical Name: Erica spp. & cvs Common Name: Heath or Heather FAMILY NAME: Ericaceae Species and cultivars of special interest: Erica Sessifolia, Erica hybrida There are approximately 860 species of flowering plants in the family Eericaceae. They come in white, red, pink and green in colour. Origin: South Africa Availability: All year round although main profusion is Autumn, Winter and Spring Foliage Characteristics: It is a strong growing shrub 1-2 mt high with woody branches. It has needle like leaves pointing in an upward direction. Floral Characteristics: These flowers are tube/bell shaped flowers, which are approximately 15-20mm long. They have no fragrance; the colour range is white, red, and pink, green. Special features and characteristics of special interest: Most species can be raised from seed; they also have very small seeds and in some species may persist in the soil for decades. They grow well in raised beds; they dislike animal manure and lime. Maintenance, Cultural requirements and Post Harvest Treatments: Leaves and flowers dry out easily or often drop prematurely so keep well hydrated. Remove bottom leaves, re-cut stems and place in fresh water with flower food solution. Do not place in cool room. Pest and Diseases: They have few diseases and generally no insects affect this plant, however it can be affected by Phytopthora root disease. Use In Floristry: This is a good transitional flower suitable for vases and use in floral foam. Also can be great in a bouquet if well conditioned as it can make a nice edge around bouquets. It is excellent to use in wreaths and funeral sheafs. The typical vase life is 7-10 days. Customer advice: Re-cut stems and remove leaves below water line. They are susceptible to drying out so keep flowers well hydrated. Replace water every 2 days, purchase when approximately half the flowers are open. References: Fresh cut flowers by Gregory Milner www.plant2africa.com/plantefg/ericasessil www.rhs.org.uk/plants/89389/erica What cut flower is that by Delwyn Thomas/Bettina Gollnow Africaseeds.com/products/Erica-sessilflora .

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Phylogenetics, Flow-Cytometry and Pollen Storage in Erica L
Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaft und Res sourcenschutz Professur für Pflanzenzüchtung Prof. Dr. J. Léon Phylogenetics, flow-cytometry and pollen storage in Erica L. (Ericaceae). Implications for plant breeding and interspecific crosses. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften (Dr. agr.) der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn von Ana Laura Mugrabi de Kuppler aus Buenos Aires Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaft und Res sourcenschutz Professur für Pflanzenzüchtung Prof. Dr. J. Léon Referent: Prof. Dr. Jens Léon Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Jaime Fagúndez Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Dietmar Quandt Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 15.11.2013 Erscheinungsjahr: 2013 A mis flores Rolf y Florian Abstract Abstract With over 840 species Erica L. is one of the largest genera of the Ericaceae, comprising woody perennial plants that occur from Scandinavia to South Africa. According to previous studies, the northern species, present in Europe and the Mediterranean, form a paraphyletic, basal clade, and the southern species, present in South Africa, form a robust monophyletic group. In this work a molecular phylogenetic analysis from European and from Central and South African Erica species was performed using the chloroplast regions: trnL-trnL-trnF and 5´trnK-matK , as well as the nuclear DNA marker ITS, in order i) to state the monophyly of the northern and southern species, ii) to determine the phylogenetic relationships between the species and contrasting them with previous systematic research studies and iii) to compare the results provided from nuclear data and explore possible evolutionary patterns. All species were monophyletic except for the widely spread E. arborea , and E. manipuliflora . The paraphyly of the northern species was also confirmed, but three taxa from Central East Africa were polyphyletic, suggesting different episodes of colonization of this area.
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Properties of Trunk and Briarwood of Tree Heath (Erica Arborea L.) From
Properties of trunk and briarwood of tree heath ( Erica arborea L.) from island Rab Slavko Govor čin 1, Tomislav Sinkovi ć1, Tomislav Sedlar 1, Bogoslav Šefc 2, Iva Ištok 2 1,2 Department for wood science, Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, Croatia, [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT Tree heath (Erica arborea L.) is an evergreen shrub that grows mainly in Mediterranean region. This species tends to grow in areas such as macchia shrub lands, dry evergreen scrublands, forest roadsides and forest outskirts which have a lot of light and sun though daytime. Tree heath is not a commercial timber species, it occurs as a result of forest roads and forest fireroads construction. This wood species is interesting because of its briarwood. Briarwood is tumour like outgrow that develops between root and trunk and it’s commonly used in making bowls of tobacco smoking pipes and knife handles. The trunk can also be used for variety of products because of its relatively good mechanical properties and nice colour and texture. Material for this study was taken from tree heath ( Erica arborea L.) shrubs growing on island of Rab in Croatia. In this study density and dimensional stability of briarwood and trunk of tree heath were investigated . Also some mechanical properties of trunk such as bending strength and compression strength parallel to the grain were studied. Key words: Tree heath ( Erica arborea L.), briarwood, trunk, physical properties, mechanical properties AIM OF RESEARCH Knowing technological characteristics of wood is important postulate for rational usage of wood recourses.
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Ericaceae Five Petals, Sometimes Free, Though Usually the Heather Family Fused Together to Form a Tube, Bell Or Urn
RHS GENEALOGY FOR GARDENERS EUDICOTS sepals, free or fused at the base, and four or Ericaceae five petals, sometimes free, though usually The heather family fused together to form a tube, bell or urn. The stamens are in whorls of four or five and Hugely useful in the garden, this family of mainly woody plants includes the heathers the pollen is released from the anthers by (Calluna, Erica, Daboecia), azaleas, rhododendrons, wintergreens (Gaultheria), way of pores at the tips. Pieris and mountain laurels (Kalmia). Commercially significant crops include Fruit blueberries and cranberries (Vaccinium). Fruits are typically dry capsules, though fleshy Size Origins fruits, such as blueberries, are not uncommon. One of the larger families, the Ericaceae contains Earliest evidence of this family dates to the Late Leaves over 3,850 species. Within this great diversity are Cretaceous (about 90 million years ago). Fossils many small genera with one or two species, and suggest that Ericaceae was once more diverse in Most Ericaceae have evergreen, alternate leaves and Vaccinium corymbosum, three titans; Rhododendron (with 1,000 species), Europe, which was home to genera now restricted no stipules. Some species, such as many azaleas, highbush blueberry Erica (850 species) and Vaccinium (500 species). to Asia and/or America. are deciduous, while opposite and whorled leaf It should be noted that azaleas are included arrangements are also known. Leaf margins are within Rhododendron. Flowers entire, toothed or curled under, and some species USES FOR THIS FAMILY (including many rhododendrons) have dense hair Great floral diversity is encompassed by this or scales on the lower surfaces.
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Island Biology Island Biology
IIssllaanndd bbiioollooggyy Allan Sørensen Allan Timmermann, Ana Maria Martín González Camilla Hansen Camille Kruch Dorte Jensen Eva Grøndahl, Franziska Petra Popko, Grete Fogtmann Jensen, Gudny Asgeirsdottir, Hubertus Heinicke, Jan Nikkelborg, Janne Thirstrup, Karin T. Clausen, Karina Mikkelsen, Katrine Meisner, Kent Olsen, Kristina Boros, Linn Kathrin Øverland, Lucía de la Guardia, Marie S. Hoelgaard, Melissa Wetter Mikkel Sørensen, Morten Ravn Knudsen, Pedro Finamore, Petr Klimes, Rasmus Højer Jensen, Tenna Boye Tine Biedenweg AARHUS UNIVERSITY 2005/ESSAYS IN EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY Teachers: Bodil K. Ehlers, Tanja Ingversen, Dave Parker, MIchael Warrer Larsen, Yoko L. Dupont & Jens M. Olesen 1 C o n t e n t s Atlantic Ocean Islands Faroe Islands Kent Olsen 4 Shetland Islands Janne Thirstrup 10 Svalbard Linn Kathrin Øverland 14 Greenland Eva Grøndahl 18 Azores Tenna Boye 22 St. Helena Pedro Finamore 25 Falkland Islands Kristina Boros 29 Cape Verde Islands Allan Sørensen 32 Tristan da Cunha Rasmus Højer Jensen 36 Mediterranean Islands Corsica Camille Kruch 39 Cyprus Tine Biedenweg 42 Indian Ocean Islands Socotra Mikkel Sørensen 47 Zanzibar Karina Mikkelsen 50 Maldives Allan Timmermann 54 Krakatau Camilla Hansen 57 Bali and Lombok Grete Fogtmann Jensen 61 Pacific Islands New Guinea Lucía de la Guardia 66 2 Solomon Islands Karin T. Clausen 70 New Caledonia Franziska Petra Popko 74 Samoa Morten Ravn Knudsen 77 Tasmania Jan Nikkelborg 81 Fiji Melissa Wetter 84 New Zealand Marie S. Hoelgaard 87 Pitcairn Katrine Meisner 91 Juan Fernandéz Islands Gudny Asgeirsdottir 95 Hawaiian Islands Petr Klimes 97 Galápagos Islands Dorthe Jensen 102 Caribbean Islands Cuba Hubertus Heinicke 107 Dominica Ana Maria Martin Gonzalez 110 Essay localities 3 The Faroe Islands Kent Olsen Introduction The Faroe Islands is a treeless archipelago situated in the heart of the warm North Atlantic Current on the Wyville Thompson Ridge between 61°20’ and 62°24’ N and between 6°15’ and 7°41’ W.
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Plants for Butterflies
Plants for Butterflies “A Monarch will respond Brightly colored butterflies can be a welcome addition to your garden, not only when its feet touch a sugar because of the elegance, beauty, and interest they will add, but also because of solution with only one part their usefulness in pollinating flowers . of sugar for 120,400 parts of It’s easy to attract single species by planting any of the trees, shrubs, vines, or water. Its feet are more than perennials from the lists below. Attracting a wide range of species involves di- 2000 times as sensitive as the verse plantings that provide the needs of all life stages of the butterfly. They will human tounge.” (Butterflies need places to lay eggs, food plants for their larvae (caterpillars), places to form & Moths, D. H. Patent) chrysalides and a nectar sources for adults. Trees One way to invite butterflies to your garden is to plant flowering trees. The adults will visit and dine on the nectar, carrying away pollen with them and pol- linating other trees as they go. Trees Nectar Larval Food Zone Plant Culture Acer (Maple) W. Swallowtail z6 S-PSh/M Monarch Butterfly Alnus spp (Alder) Green Comma (E), W. Swallowtail z3-7 S/M-W Betula spp (Birch) Tiger Swallowtail, Crescents z3-7 S/M-W Colocedrus sp (Incense Cedar) Nelsons Hairstreak (W) z5 S/M-D Butterfly Garden Celtis spp (Hackberry) Emperor (sev.), Snout (E) z4-6 S/M Essentials Cornus spp (Dogwood) Spring Azure z3-7 S-PSh/M Butterflies need sun, water, a Crataegus spp (Hawthorn) x Swallowtail (W) z4-6 S/M food source (nectar), and a Juniperus virginiana (E.
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Heathers and Heaths
Heathers and Heaths Heathers and heaths are easy care evergreen plants that can give year-round garden color. With careful planning, you can have varieties in bloom every month of the year. Foliage colors include shades of green, gray, gold, and bronze; some varieties change color or have colored tips in the winter or spring. Flower colors are white and shades of pink, red, and purple. Heathers make excellent companions to rhododendrons and azaleas. They are also excellent in rock gardens or on slopes. Bees love traditional heaths and heathers; however, the new bud-bloomer Scotch heathers, whose flowers are long-lasting because they don’t open completely, do not provide good bee forage, nor do the new foliage-only series. Choose other varieties if that is a consideration. Heathers grow best in neutral to slightly acid soil with good drainage. A sandy soil mixed with compost or leaf mold is ideal. Heathers bloom best in full or partial sun. Plants will grow in a shady location but will not bloom as well and tend to get leggy. They will not do well in areas of hot reflected sunlight. To plant heather, work compost into the planting area, then dig a hole at least twice the width of the rootball. Partially fill with your amended soil and place the plant at the same level it grew in the container. Excess soil over the rootball will kill the plant. For the same reason, do not mulch too deeply or allow mulch to touch the trunks. Normally a spacing of 12-30” apart is good, depending on the variety.
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Fire and Weeds; Erica Arborea
Fire and weeds; Erica arborea Erica arborea can form very large, dense patches which outcompete native plant species making it a significant weed problem. Erica arborea is a shrub with tiny, needle-like leaves that can grow to 5 metres in height and live for more than 50 years. Plants develop a massive lignotuber at their base that makes them very hardy. Seeds are first produced when plants are approximately 3-4 years old and these can germinate either in autumn or spring. Pre-burn control works best The recommended control technique for Erica involves physical removal of adult plants, including their lignotuber (large adults can be killed by drilling holes in their lignotuber and filling the holes with herbicide). Burning adult plants does not kill them as they typically re-sprout from their lignotubers (see photo). Monitoring undertaken by National Parks and Wildlife Service SA has shown that physical removal of Erica combined with prescribed burning may improve the control of Erica. Re-sprouted Erica arborea from lignotuber, post burn Quadrats were set up in an area where large Erica plants had been physically removed. Improving outcomes using fire Half of the quadrats were then burnt, and all were This trial has significant implications for Erica control. assessed over several years. Erica seedling Once large Erica plants have been physically controlled, establishment and the number of native plant species prescribed burning may be used to help control the next present were recorded. generation while they are still small. Quadrats were also set up in an area containing only Leaving the dead adult plants scattered across the site juvenile Erica plants.
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A Comparative Study of the Floras of China and Canada
Núm. 24, pp. 25-51, ISSN 1405-2768; México, 2007 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE FLORAS OF CHINA AND CANADA Zhiyao Su College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642 - P. R. China J. Hugo Cota-Sánchez Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2 - Canada E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT at the generic and specific levels that are correlated with more recent geological and In this study, we investigated the floristic climatic variations and ecoenvironment relationships between China and Canada diversity, resulting in differences in floristic based on comparative analysis of their composition. Overall, western and eastern spermatophyte floras. Floristic lists were Canada have a similar number of shared compiled from standard floras and then genera, which suggests multiple migration subjected to cluster analysis using UPGMA events of floristic elements via the Atlantic and NMS ordination methods. Our data and Pacific connections and corridors that demonstrate that the Chinese spermatophyte existed in past geological times. flora is considerably more diverse than that of Canada and that the taxonomic richness Keywords: China, Canada, floristic rela- of seed plants in the floras of China and tionships, taxonomic richness, shared taxa, Canada shows significant variation at the intercontinental disjunction. specific and generic levels. China contains 272 families, 3 318 genera, and 27 078 RESUMEN species (after taxonomic standardization), whereas the spermatophyte flora of Canada En este estudio se investigaron la relaciones includes 145 families, 947 genera, and florísticas entre Canadá y China basados 4 616 species. The results indicate that out en análisis comparativos de las floras de of 553 genera shared by the Chinese and espermatofitas de ambos países.
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Heathers – Color for All Seasons
Heathers – Color for All Seasons Written by Bob Cain, certified WSU Clallam County Master Gardener. Heathers represent one of the most versatile components in Pacific Northwest gardens. Not only are they well adapted to the climate and soil but they can also provide color in every season of the year. The term “heather” is often used to refer to several different plant types including true heathers (genus: Calluna), heaths (genus: Erica), Irish heaths (genus: Daboecia) and mountainheaths (genus: Phyllodoce). Heaths are typically lower growing and more compact than true heathers. They also spread outwards at a faster rate. Some heaths, however, can grow up to 10 to 20 feet high; these species, often called “tree heaths” due to their spectacular size, include Erica arborea, Erica lusitanica, Erica australis and Erica terminalis. Heathers (including all of the above plant types) flourish in cool, moist conditions and in soils which are slightly acidic. As a result, they are good companions to azaleas and rhododendrons which also thrive in acidic soils. Heathers grow best in peaty, acid soils but will tolerate all soils except those with high lime content. Heathers generally like full sun (at least 6 hours of sun each day); however, Irish heaths tolerate part shade and are well suited to garden areas that transition between sun and shade. The best planting times are March through May and then late September through late November. Young plants should be planted with the foliage almost touching the soil surface. Space plants 12 to 18 inches apart to allow for growth. Draw back mulch from the main stem.
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The Effect of Wildfire on Erica Arborea L. (Ericaceae) in Simien Mountains National Park, Northwest Ethiopia
Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2018, 8(3): 151-161 Article The effect of wildfire on Erica arborea L. (Ericaceae) in Simien Mountains National Park, Northwest Ethiopia Endalkachew Teshome1, Gerhard Glatzel2 1Department of Tourism Management, University of Gondar, Ethiopia 2University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU Institute of Forest Ecology, Peter Jordan Strasse 82 1190, Vienna, Austria E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Received 15 March 2018; Accepted 10 April 2018; Published 1 September 2018 Abstract Fire plays a crucial role in the Ericaceous forest ecology within the World Heritage Site of Simen Mountains National Park. Objectives of our study were to evaluate the potential of E. arborea epicormic shoot formation in different tree diameters and heights after forest fire occurred, and investigate establishment of woody species in the fire affected ericaceous forest. Two 40 m x 40 m sample plots were established, one at a fire affected site and another at an unaffected site. Within each plot, 1m x 1m subplots were placed at 2 m intervals along diagonal transects 51 in each site. Experimental treatments (soil scarification, mowing, fire and total enclosure) were assigned to subplots. A non-parametric t-test for two independent samples of unburned and burned plots was applied to test the degree of significance. From the crown-fire affected plots 56.3% of the trees were re-sprouted from the base in the first diameter class (0-4.9 cm). Out of 993.7 individual trees ha-1 in the second height class (1.5-3 m), 73 % were sprouted.
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Phase 1 & NVC Report
Gordonbush Extension Wind Farm Appendix 8.1a Environmental Statement Phase 1 and NVC Report Report to: SSE Renewables Developments (UK) Ltd Contract No: J509 Phase 1 and NVC survey at Gordonbush Extension Wind Farm: 2013 Survey Results Author: Fraser Milne August 2013 Checked by: Kathy Ader September 2013 Northern Ecological Services, North Wing, Aboyne Castle Business Centre, Aboyne, Aberdeenshire, AB34 5JP. Tel: 013398 87407, [email protected], www.northecol.co.uk Gordonbush Extension Wind Farm Appendix 8.1a Environmental Statement Phase 1 and NVC Report SUMMARY BACKGROUND A National Classification Survey (NVC) was undertaken on the proposed Gordonbush Extension Wind Farm site, Sutherland (NC844132). Special emphasis was given to identifying Ground Water Dependent Terrestrial Ecosystems (GWDTEs). MAIN FINDINGS . The majority of the site supports M17 Trichophorum-Eriophorum mire and M15 Trichophorum-Erica wet heath. Drier slopes support H10 Calluna-Erica heath and H12 Calluna-Vaccinium heath. Acid M6 Carex-Sphagnum mire marks out flush lines, typically along the fringes of watercourses. Other communities include small areas of U4 Festuca-Agrostis-Galium grassland, bracken and U6 Juncus-Festuca grassland. The blanket bog has been subject to historic draining, peat cutting and, more recently, burning. This has modified the floristics in certain areas giving rise to a drier bog community largely dominated by Trichophorum germanicum and Calluna vulgaris. In other, flatter areas, drainage has had a limited impact on floristics with good levels of Sphagnum still present. Burning has also created a hybrid wet/dry heath community with affinities to the M15 Trichophorum-Erica wet heath and H10 Calluna-Erica dry heath.
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Garden Reflections Designed Artfully, Still Water Features Mirror Plantings and Provide an Air of Tranquility in a Garden
For ~ fower cJUU ~ all of us. Apit 16,May 30. The Epcot® International Flower & Garden Festival is a blooming riot of flower power, Enjoy millions of blossoms and phenomenal international gardens, plus interactive workshops and demonstrations with famous green thumbs from Disney and around the world, At night there 's music from the '60s and '70s followed by IllumiNations, It's great fun for the serious gardener and flower children of all ages! For gourmet brunch packages call us at 407·WDW·DINE and check out www,disneyworld,com for some flower power on the web, Guest Appearances by Home &Garden Television Personalities __________ • April 16-17, Kathy Renwald • April 23-24 , Erica Glasener • April 30-May 1, Gary Alan • May 7-8.Kitty Bartholomew . May 14-15, TBD • May 21-22, Paul James . May 28-29, Jim Wilson Included with regular Epcot. admission, Brunch packages sold separately, Guest appearances and entertainment subject to change. © Disney NEA 10060 Southern Living . & ~ co n t e n t s Volume 78, Number 2 March/Apri l 1999 DEPARTMENTS Commentary 4 Dianthus 24 Members' Forum 5 by Rand B. Lee (!(wanzan) chen7) bulb resource) provenance. Often overshadowed by their showy hybrid cousins) the lesmt-known species pinks haJ7e a sedate charm News from AHS 7 all theilt own that)s well worth cultivating. AHS wins award) Plant a Row for the Hungry) Rockefeller Center Tree ProJect) fossilized flowers. Reflecting Gardens 30 by Molly Dean Focus 10 Thltoughout the ages) landscapers have used the Be sun-smaltt while you garden. powelt of watelt to uni.b and enhance many elements Offshoots 14 ofgal tden design.
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