DOCSLIB.ORG

Diversity of Unani Medicinal Plants in Chamarajanagar Wildlife Division Karnataka, India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Diversity of Unani Medicinal Plants in Chamarajanagar Wildlife Division Karnataka, India IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 1, January 2015. www.ijiset.com ISSN 2348 – 7968 Diversity of Unani Medicinal Plants in Chamarajanagar Wildlife Division Karnataka, India 1 1 1 2 P R.P Murugeswaran, P K.P Venkatesan, T. Shahida Begum P PandP AminuddinP 1 P RegionalP Research Institute of Unani Medicine, 1, West Mada Church Road, Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India-600013. 2 P CentralP Council for Research in Unani Medicine,Dept.of AYUSH, Janakpuri, New Delhi, India-110058 AbstractU The principal source of drugs in Unani system of medicine is plant origin drugs and the Unani system of medicine owes its origin in Greece and it was developed by Arabs in to an elaborated medical sciences. A survey was conducted to study the diversity and status of Unani medicinal plants in the forest areas of Chamarajanagar Wild life division, Chamarajanagar District, Karnataka. The present paper deals with the 119 numbers of the Unani medicinal plants of 105 genera belonging to 60 families. Based on the distribution status of the Unani medicinal plants it is categorized as common, common and cultivated, vulnerable, rare, sporadic, and endangered. Those plants falls under the vulnerable, rare and endangered category are recommended for germplasom collection and to take up cultivation and propagation activities through modern agronomical techniques. Further the extensive field studies may also help to the discovery of new plant species used in the Unani system of medicine for the betterment of health care needs. Key words: Unani System, Medicinal Plants, Diversity, Karnataka Email: Corresponding author: [email protected] U31T 1. Introduction Unani system of medicine is developed throughout the India which is 95% based on plant origin drugs. Globally about 85% of the traditional medicines used for primary health care problems are derived from plants. Traditional medicine and ethno botanical information’s play an important role in plant science research. Herbal medicine is still practiced about 75 - 80% of the world population mainly in the developing countries for their primary health care needs [1]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the use of herbal remedies throughout the world exceeds that of the conventional drugs by two to 22 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 1, January 2015. www.ijiset.com ISSN 2348 – 7968 three times [2]. Many conventional drugs originated from plant sources a century ago and most of the few effective drugs were plant based formulations which includes aspirin from willow bark, digoxin from foxglove, quinine from cinchona bark, and morphine from the opium [3]. Traditional preparations comprise medicinal plants, minerals and organic matter etc. The wide spread use of herbal medicine is not restricted to developing countries as it has been estimated that 70% of all doctors of modern medicine in France and German regularly prescribe herbal medicine for the treatment of various ailments [4]. The biodiversity of the Unani herbs are concern it is differs place to place depends on the climatic conditions and vegetation patterns. The diversity of vegetation in Indian forests have decreased considerably over the few decades due to various human intervention [5]. About 86% of the tropical forest areas are recorded in India in which 54% are classified as dry deciduous and 37% as most as moist deciduous [6-7]. The current rate of deforestation with the concurrent loss of biodiversity there is a need for accurate documentation of the knowledge and experience of the traditional knowledge [8]. Ethno botany is another important aspect which leads to the new drug discovery and gained a momentum in the recent past and such studies have revealed vast traditional knowledge available among the tribal [9]. Some of the studies related to ethno botany and floristic diversity have been reported from Karnataka state [6-7, 10-18]. The Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, New Delhi is continuously involved in ethno-botanical surveys through Survey and Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Programme by its Regional Research Institutes throughout India particularly tribal dominated areas of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Predesh, Karnataka and Utter Pradesh. Accordingly the Southern Western Ghats region of Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu was surveyed to study the diversity and status of Unani Medicinal Plants and to carry out the research activities in the clinical research and drug standardization research of the Unani system of medicine. There is no previous report in the record of ethno botanical knowledge from Soligars tribal of Chamrajnagr district, Karnataka and the researchers of the Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Chennai were made a pioneer attempt to conduct an ethno botanical study and to analyze the diversity status of the Unani medicinal plants in Chamarajanagar district, Karnataka. 23 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 1, January 2015. www.ijiset.com ISSN 2348 – 7968 Map of the Study Area 1.1 Study Area and Topography Chamarajanagar district is the southernmost district in the state of Karnataka lies on the border of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The altitude is about 662 mts above sea level. It is lies between the North latitude 11 40 58 and 12 06 32 and East longitude 76 24 14 and 77 46 55.It falls in the Southern dry zone. Topography is undulating and mountainous with north southtrening hill ranges of Eastern Ghats. It is surrounded in east by Salem and Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu, in North by Mandya and Bangalore district of Karnataka, in the west by part of Mysore district and Kerala State and in South by Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu. Total forest areas in the district is 48.36% of the total geographical area. Chamarajanagardistrict was earlier known as Arikottara but latter in the remembrance of birth place of the Chamaraja Wodeyar the king of Mysooru this place was renamed as Chamarajanagar District. The climate of the Chamarajanagar district is fairly hot summer and cold winter. March-to May is the summer months where the maximum temperature reaches from 32.6-34 C. June-September is the Southwest monsoon period and receives annual rain fall about 750-900 MM. 1.2 Chamarajanagar Wildife Division Chamarajanagar wildlife division is consisting of 6 forest ranges which is Chamarajanagr Range, Yelandur Range, Kollegal Range, Bylore Range and K.Gudi range. 24 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 1, January 2015. www.ijiset.com ISSN 2348 – 7968 The Chamarajanagar district has different types of forest vegetation’s such as ever green forests, shoal forests, dry deciduous forests, and scrub jungles. The Biligirim Ranganna betta hills (BR Hills) run east from the Western Ghats to the river caveri forms a forest ecological corridor that connects the Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats. The tribal community called Soligas is settled in different places of the district. About 31 forest areas and 52 tribal settlements are located in the district, particularly B R T Hills in Bylore Range, Elanthur Range, Puninjur Range and K Gudi Range are the demarcated areas of tribal populations. 1.3 Forest Ranges/Areas surveyed Sl. Range Forest areas No 1 Bylore Mangikarai RF., Nellikathiri RF and Thodasambuge forest areas. Soranavathi dam,Chamarajanagar-Gundalpet slope, 2 Chamarajanagar Chamarajanagar- Mysre slopes, Kodimoli and onganur forest areas Arapalaya, Todasambuge RF, Onnametti,Kapparibettaand 3 Kollegal forest areas. BRT Hills, MPC, Mulkibetta, Thoomanathatha, Purana, Kullur and 4 Yelandur Kolipalayam forest area. 5 Punjur Bettakalli and Amara beat forest area R T Hills, Nellur, K Gudi lower slope, Ondrabal colony, Nagavalli, 6 K.Gudi Sungudipura, Bharachakki falls forest area. 1.4 OBJECTIVES 1. To know the diversity and status of Unani Medicinal Plants of Chamarajanagar District, Karnataka. 2. Documentation of herbarium and raw drugs used in the Unani system of medicine. 3. Documentation of Ethno-botanical information of the study area. 4. Cultivation, conservation and propagation of rare and threatened plant species used in the Unani system of Medicine. 2. Methodology Two multiday survey tour programme was conducted in different seasons at Chamarajanagar district forest divisions of Karnataka, during the year 2009-2010. About 31 forest areas belong to 4 forest ranges were surveyed. During the field study about300 species of plant specimens have been collected and identified. Among this 119 species of Unani 25 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 1, January 2015. www.ijiset.com ISSN 2348 – 7968 medicinal plants were identified and documented. The botanical identity of all the plant species are identified through modern floras [19-26]. and conformed at Botanical survey of India, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The plants are arranged alphabetically according to their botanical nameswithcollection number, followed by family, Unani name, habit and their status were described based on their occurrence in the nature (Table-I). The voucher specimens are deposited at the herbarium of the Survey of Medicinal Plants Unit (SMPU), Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine (RRIUM), Chennai, Tamil Nadu. 3. Result and Conclusion In the present study 119 Unani medicinal plants were collected from Chamarajanagar
Load more

Recommended publications
  • General Awareness Questions May 2017
    www.leadthecompetition.in GENERAL AWARENESS QUESTIONS POSTED IN MAY 2017 1. Rodrigo Duterte is the President of a.Indonesia b. Philippines c. Thailand d. Singapore 2. Monazite sand in India is a rich source of a. Thorium b. Platinum c. Uranium d. Gold 3. Nelumbo nucifera is India's a. National tree b. National fruit c. National bird d. National flower 4. Guru Gobind Singh died at which of the following places? a. Patna b. Amritsar c. Nanded d. Anandpur 5. Vasco da Gama reached Indian in the year a. 1498 b. 1496 c. 1494 d. 1492 6. Which is the most malleable and ductile metal? a. Gold b. Silver c. Platinum d. Aluminium 7. Snellen chart is used by a. Astronomers b. Optometrists c. Sailors d. Pilots 8. Which of these is endemic to Western Ghats? a. Hangul b. Hoolock Gibbon c. Sloth Bear d. Liontailed Macaque 9. Abdul Kalam island was previously known as a. Sagar island b. Salsette island c. Wheeler island d. Havelock island 10. Corruption Perception Index is published by a. Transparency International b. World Trade Organisation c. International Monetary Fund d. World Bank 11. Oceanic pole of inaccessibility (Point Nemo) is located in the a. Indian Ocean b. Arctic Ocean c. Atlantic Ocean d. Pacific Ocean 12. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an inert gas are a. eight b. six c. four d. two 13. Olympus mons is a mountain located on which planet? a. Venus b. Mars c. Jupiter d. Saturn 14. Which tournament is referred to as Roland Garros? a.
    [Show full text]
  • June – July 2019
    C A R E E R G U I D A N C E B U L L E T I N MONTH : JUNE – JULY 2019 1 88 June – July 2019 SANT GADGE BABA AMRAVATI UNIVERSITY, AMRAVATI UNIVERSITY SKILL DEVELOPMENT, EMPLOYMENT & ENTREPRENEURSHIP, INFORMATION & AND GUIDANCE BUREAU C A R E E R G U I D A N C E B U L L E T I N MONTH : JUNE – JULY 2019 2 SANT GADGE BABA AMRAVATI UNIVERSITY, AMRAVATI UNIVERSITY SKILL DEVELOPMENT, EMPLOYMENT & ENTREPRENEURSHIP, INFORMATION & AND GUIDANCE BUREAU C A R E E R G U I D A N C E B U L L E T I N MONTH : JUNE – JULY 2019 UNIVERSITY SKILL 3DEVELOPMENT, EMPLOYMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP, INFORMATION AND GUIDANCE BUREAU C A R E E R G U I D A N C E B U L L E T I N Month : June - July 2019 No - 88 CONTENTS PAGE S. N. PARTICULARS NO. MAHARASHTRA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION TENTATIVE 01 1 TIME TABLE OF COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION 2019 02 SBI RECRUITMENT 2019 2 03 WRD RECRUITMENT 2019 2 04 BPCL RECRUITMENT 2019 3 05 ONGC RECRUITMENT 2019 3 06 MINISTRY OF DEFENCE RECRUITMENT 2019 4 07 5 NYKS RECRUITMENT 2019 MAHARASHTRA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION 08 6 RECRUITMENT / MIDC RECRUITMENT 2019 09 VIZAG STEEL RECRUITMENT 2019 7 10 IOCL RECRUITMENT 2019 9 11 MAHATRIBAL RECRUITMENT 2019 10 12 SAIL RECRUITMENT 2019 10 13 SSB RECRUITMENT 2019 11 14 NVS RECRUITMENT 2019 12 15 ARDE PUNE RECRUITMENT 2019 13 16 CURRENT AFFAIRS OF DECEMBER 2018 13 17 CURRENT AFFAIRS OF JANUARY 2018 16 18 CURRENT AFFAIRS QUESTIONS 24 SANT GADGE BABA AMRAVATI UNIVERSITY, AMRAVATI UNIVERSITY SKILL DEVELOPMENT, EMPLOYMENT & ENTREPRENEURSHIP, INFORMATION & AND GUIDANCE BUREAU C A R E E R G U I D A N C E B U L L E T I N MONTH : JUNE – JULY 2019 1 Maharashtra Public Service Commission Tentative Time Table of Competitive Examination 2019 Date of Duration of Duration of Sr.
    [Show full text]
  • CULTURE and BIODIVERSITY (Volume I)
    CULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY (Volume I) PREPARED UNDER THE NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN- INDIA Kailash C. Malhotra Coordinator 2003 Thematic Working Group on Culture and Biodiversity Mr. Feisal Alkazi Ms. Seema Bhatt (TPCG Member) Dr. Debal Deb Mr. Yogesh Gokhale Dr. Tiplut Nongbri Dr. D.N. Pandey Shri Shekhar Pathak Prof. Kailash C. Malhotra, Co-ordinator 2 (Kailash C.Malhotra, Coordinator, Thematic Group on Culture and Biodiversity (2003) . CULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY. Prepared under National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, Executed by Ministry of Environment and Forests (Government of India), technical implementation by Technical and Policy Core Group coordinated by Kalpavriksh, and administrative coordination by Biotech Consortium India Ltd., funded by Global Environment Facility through United Nations Development Programm 178 pp.) 3 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 ABBREVIATIONS USED 11 1. INTRODUCTION 12 1.1 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan - India 1.2 Thematic Working Group on Culture and Biodiversity 1.3 Objectives 1.4 Methodology 2. CULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY 19 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 The Conceptual Frame Work 2.2.1 Species Protection 2.2.2 Habitat Protection 2.2.3 Landscape Protection 3. POSITIVE – LINKS BETWEEN CULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY 21 4. THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS ETHICS IN BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN INDIA 68 5. NEGATIVE – LINKS BETWEEN CULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY 77 6. WEAKENNING OF LINKS BETWEEN CULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY 84 7. INITIATIVES TO REESTABLISH AND / OR STRENGTHEN POSITIVE LINKS BETWEEN CULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY 99 8. THE ROLE OF FOLK MUSIC AND DRAMA, ORAL LEGENDS AND PHOTOGRAPHY IN BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION 116 9. RECOMMENDATIONS 121 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 127 4 REFERENCES CITED 129 APPENDICES 137 I Composition of the Thematic Working Group on Culture and Biodiversity.137 II The modified Thematic Concept Note.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Alien Species in Protected Areas
    INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND PROTECTED AREAS A SCOPING REPORT Produced for the World Bank as a contribution to the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) March 2007 PART I SCOPING THE SCALE AND NATURE OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES THREATS TO PROTECTED AREAS, IMPEDIMENTS TO IAS MANAGEMENT AND MEANS TO ADDRESS THOSE IMPEDIMENTS. Produced by Maj De Poorter (Invasive Species Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of IUCN - The World Conservation Union) with additional material by Syama Pagad (Invasive Species Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of IUCN - The World Conservation Union) and Mohammed Irfan Ullah (Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bangalore, India, [email protected]) Disclaimer: the designation of geographical entities in this report does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN, ISSG, GISP (or its Partners) or the World Bank, concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delineation of its frontiers or boundaries. 1 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........................................................................................4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................................................6 GLOSSARY ..................................................................................................................9 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................12 1.1 Invasive alien
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Sacred Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn.) As an Alternative Crop for Phyto-Remediation by Warner Steve Orozco Oband
    Evaluation of Sacred Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) as an Alternative Crop for Phyto-remediation by Warner Steve Orozco Obando A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama May 6, 2012 Keywords: Aquaponics, Heavy Metals, Constructed Wetlands, CWs Copyright 2012 by Warner Orozco Obando Approved by Kenneth M. Tilt, Chair, Professor of Horticulture Floyd M. Woods, Co-chair, Associate Professor of Horticulture Fenny Dane, Professor of Horticulture J. Raymond Kessler, Professor of Horticulture Jeff L. Sibley, Professor of Horticulture Wheeler G. Foshee III, Associate Professor of Horticulture Abstract Lotus, Nelumbo nucifera, offers a wide diversity of uses as ornamental, edible and medicinal plant. An opportunity for growing lotus as a crop in Alabama also has the potential for phyto-remediation. Lotus was evaluated for remediation of trace elements focusing on manganese (Mn), organic compounds targeting s-metolachlor and filtering aquaculture waste water. Lotus was evaluated for filtering trace elements by establishing a base line for tissue composition and evaluating lotus capacity to grow in solutions with high levels of Mn (0, 5, 10, 15, or 50 mg/L). Increasing Mn concentrations in solution induced a linear increase in lotus Mn leaf concentrations. Hyper-accumulation of Al and Fe was detected in the rhizomes, while Na hyper-accumulated in the petioles, all without visible signs of toxicity. Mn treatments applied to lotus affected chlorophyll content. For example, chlorophyll a content increased linearly over time while chlorophyll b decreased. Radical scavenging activity (DPPH) did not change over time but correlated with total phenols content, showing a linear decrease after 6 weeks of treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue.Pdf
    TM BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO AYURVEDA ORIGIN The word Ayurveda has been derived from Sanskri. “Ayu” means “life” and “Veda” means “science”: ‘the science of life’ . Ayurveda is considered to be the originator of all healing techniques as it predates all forms of healing systems. It was developed in India some 5000-6000 years ago; and, is currently, the oldest practiced healing system in the world. Although it may be an ancient and well-known healing system in the East, it is still relatively new in the West and is slowly finding its rightful place in western herbal science. Ayurvedic PRACTICE THE COMPANY, THE PHILOSOPHY AND Ayurveda is an integrated system and specializes in natural herbal remedies designed to correct THE PRODUCTS imbalances in the body before it manifests in disease. Preventative measures are emphasized rather than cures. Ayurveda focuses on the whole person, body and mind, it encompasses a very broad spectrum of healing modalities like herbs, yoga, exercise, nutrition, diet, lifestyle, massages, meditation, “mantra’s” – (Vedic chants), sauna therapy, aromatherapy and the use of certain colored gems - with each color positively affecting a particular ailment. Ayurveda was brought to us by wise men/physicians of that time through their reverence for nature and their understanding that the five elements, earth, water, fire, air and ether are the foundation of the gross world and are also represented within us. Ayurveda practices the objective of maintaining optimum health. Ayurvedic formulations focus more on the whole herb and not just the active ingredient. With extensive research into the plant components, it has been shown that the biological synergy of whole plants has yielded exceptionally effective formulas that may be offered with complete confidence at a remarkably high rate of success.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on Immunomodulatory Effects of Plant Extracts
    Virology & Immunology Journal ISSN: 2577-4379 A Review on Immunomodulatory Effects of Plant Extracts Rama Bhat P* Review Article Dept of PG Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Alva’s College, Moodbidtri- 574 227, Volume 2 Issue 6 Karnataka, India Received Date: April 28, 2018 Published Date: May 07, 2018 *Correspopnding author: Rama Bhat P, Dept of PG Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Alva’s College, Moodbidtri- 574 227, Karnataka, India, Email: [email protected] Abstract India is the mother land of Ayurveda and herbal plants. Numbers of plants identified from wild have one or the other medicinal properties which were used in traditional and folklore practices from ancient time are scientifically proved now. All the plants contain secondary metabolites or active compounds which will alter or trigger the body immune system and leading to fight against invaders. So herbal extracts will functions as immunomodulatory, suppressive or stimulants in our body. Keywords: Immunomodulatory; Immunosuppressive; Immune system; Plant Extract; Medicinal Plants Introduction India has a very rich diverse faunal and floral wealth spread across the length and breadth of country. Immunology is one of the most rapidly developing Biodiversity hotspots like Himalayan region and Western areas of medical biotechnology research and has great Ghats are bestowed with innumerous number of potential promises with regard to the prevention and treatment of medicinally important plants whose scientific research a wide range of disorders such as inflammatory diseases are yet to be taken up. Herbs and/or plants are the oldest of the skin, gut, respiratory tract, joints and central friends of mankind. They not only provided food and organs.
    [Show full text]
  • Legal Status of Ayurvedic, Siddha & Unani Medicines in India
    Govt. of India Department of AYUSH Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Pharmacopoeial Laboratory for Indian Medicines GHAZIABAD LEGAL STATUS OF AYURVEDIC, SIDDHA & UNANI MEDICINES Dr. D.R. Lohar, M.Sc., Ph.D. Director Government of India Department of AYUSH Ministry of Health & Family Welfare PHARMACOPOEIAL LABORATORY FOR INDIAN MEDICINES GHAZIABAD PREFACE uring the past five decades, the Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani DD Pharmaceutical Industries have provided a vast range of drugs for human use and have evolved an increasing sophistication in the production of medicaments. Manufacture and quality control of Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani Medicines come under the purview of Drugs & Cosmetics Act. Regulatory and recommendatory standards for most of them have been released. There has been appreciable acceptance with considerable improvement in quality. Information about manufacture, sale, import of Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani medicines in relation to pharmacopoeia and legal provisions etc. are scattered. Attempts have been made to bring various aspects of manufacture of Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani drugs, quality control measures, legal provisions relating to quality control and the penal actions at one place so that it may become handy for manufacturers, pharmacies, and the persons involved in quality control of Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani medicines. The need of compilation of different Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani manufacturing processes, Good Manufacturing Practices and the related portion of Drugs & Cosmetics Act to create general awareness among the persons who are involved in this professions or who are keen in this profession was long felt. This laboratory has made an endeavor to compile such information. Besides the Legal provisions of ASU medicines, related provisions and proforma for import of medicines (which are directly or indirectly related to ASU medicines, marker compounds or materials for research or self use) have also been given for related products.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Climate on the Evolution of Vegetation in Tectonically Active Karewa Basin, Kashmir Himalayas
    J. Earth Syst. Sci. (2021) 130:93 Ó Indian Academy of Sciences https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-021-01586-2 (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,-volV) Impact of climate on the evolution of vegetation in tectonically active Karewa basin, Kashmir Himalayas 1, 1 1 1 ANJUM FAROOQUI *, SURESH KPILLAI ,DEEPA AGNIHOTRI ,SALMAN KHAN , 1 1 1 1 RAJNI TEWARI ,SUNIL KSHUKLA ,SAJID ALI ,ANJALI TRIVEDI , 2 1 3 1 SKPANDITA ,KAMLESH KUMAR ,GDBHAT and RAJESH AGNIHOTRI 1Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53, University Road, Lucknow 226 007, India. 2Department of Geology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180 006, India. 3Directorate of Geology and Mining, Jammu and Kashmir Government, Srinagar, India. *Corresponding author. e-mail: afarooqui˙[email protected] MS received 8 September 2020; revised 19 January 2021; accepted 22 January 2021 The rise of the Himalayas governed the Indian Summer Monsoon in Karewa basin during Plio-Pleistocene. A palynological study is presented to delineate the climate-vegetation relationship using an 8.5-m thick Cuvio-lacustrine sequence of the Hirpur Formation (2.4–2.1 Ma). Our results suggest that the sediment sequence is mainly comprised of two units, namely, Unit 1 and Unit 2. Unit 1 shows the dominance of sub-tropical to broad-leaf temperate vegetation when mean annual temperature (MAT) was *17°C and mean annual precipitation (MAP) was 1025 mm. The subsequent increase in sand followed by a thin lignite layer with Trapa megafossil (fruits) demarcates Cuvial adjustments, suggesting a low altitude Cuvio-lacustrine ecosystem. Conversely, Unit 2 shows a decline in rainforest pollen with a steady increase in conifers.
    [Show full text]
  • Mock Test 11 Naib Tehsildar Exam 2016
    Kushmanda HCS Academy (KUSHMANDA EDUCATION SERVICES PVT LTD) 5.Rank of Haryana in population? NAIB TEHSILDAR EXAM 2016 a)18 MOCK TEST PAPER 11 b)19 MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS c)20 d)21 1.Rank of Haryana in sex ratio among 6.Rank of Haryana in density ? all Indian states? a)5 a)22 b)6 b)23 c)7 c)24 d)8 d)25 7.Rank of Haryana in literacy ? 2. Number of Tiger Reseves in Hryana a)22 state ? b)23 a)01 c)24 b)03 d)25 c)04 8.Rank of Haryana in per capita income d)none at current price ? 3. Number of deer parks in Hryana state a)5 ? b)6 a)01 c)7 b)03 d)8 c)04 9.Rank of Haryana in per capita income d)none at constant price ? 4.Rank of Haryana by Area ? a)5 a)18 b)6 b)19 c)7 c)20 d)8 d)21 www.kushmanda.com Help Line : 08607570992 , 09728926678 1 Kushmanda HCS Academy (KUSHMANDA EDUCATION SERVICES PVT LTD) 10.Rank of Haryana in HDI among all 15.Sultanpur National Park and Bird states ? Sanctuary In India It is located in Sultanpur town of a)5 a) Gurgaon b)6 b) Rewari c)7 c) Jind d) Rohtak d)9 16.Which state is North to Haryana ? 11.Haryana State Formation day ? a)rajasthan a)05,October b)himachal pradesh b)17,August c)Punjab c)01,November d) Punjab and Himachal Pradesh d)01,August 17.State Animal of haryana? 12.The Nahar Wildlife Sanctuary (NWS) is located in the a)Chinkara a) Yamunanagar b)Tiger b) Rewari c)Camel c) Jind d) Rohtak d) Blackbuck 13.The Kalesar National Park (KNP) is 18.State Bird of haryana? located in the a) Black Crested Bulbul a) Yamunanagar b) Greater Flamingo b) Rewari c) Jind c) Black Francolin d) Rohtak d) Blackbuck 14.The Bhindawas Bird Sanctuary (BWS) is located near 19.Black Buck Breeding Centre, is located near a) Yamunanagar b) Jind a) Safidon c) Jhajjar b) Samalkha d) Rohtak c) Ghronda d) Pipli www.kushmanda.com Help Line : 08607570992 , 09728926678 2 Kushmanda HCS Academy (KUSHMANDA EDUCATION SERVICES PVT LTD) 20.Number of Animal & Bird Breeding B.
    [Show full text]
  • Article in Press
    G Model JMAU-115; No. of Pages 9 ARTICLE IN PRESS Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure xxx (2016) xxx–xxx CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jmau Experimental Study Bio-tea prevents membrane destabilization during Isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury ∗ Reema Orison Lobo , Chandrakala K. Shenoy Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore, Karnataka, 574199, India a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: The present study was undertaken to determine the membrane-stabilizing effect of Bio- Received 25 March 2016 tea in the prevention of myocardial injury caused by isoproterenol in rats. The efficiency of Received in revised form 27 August 2016 Bio-tea pretreatment was compared against black tea pretreatment and the positive con- Accepted 17 September 2016 trol (rats with isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction) and negative control (normal Available online xxx control rats). For this purpose, biochemical analysis of the in vivo antioxidants (super- oxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione), glycoprotein components (hexose, Keywords: hexosamine, sialic acid, and fucose), lipids (total, ester and free cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids + + free fatty acids, and phospholipids), and transmembrane protein activities (Na /K ATPase, hexose 2+ 2+ Kombucha Ca ATPase, and Mg ATPase) was carried out along with the histological and ultrastruc- Na+/K+ ATPase tural study of the myocardial tissue. Induction of myocardial infarction using isoproterenol phospholipids resulted in a significant decrease in tissue antioxidants and an increase in the levels of superoxide dismutase total, ester and free cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and glycoprotein compo- transmembrane proteins nents in plasma and heart.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 NATIONAL SYMBOLS & ART and CULTURE National Flag • on August 1, L906 at Parsee Began Square (Green Park , Calcutta the First National Flag of India Was Hosted
    Click Here For Integrated Guidance Programme http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/integrated-free-guidance-programme CHAPTER - 3 NATIONAL SYMBOLS & ART AND CULTURE National Flag • On August 1, l906 at Parsee Began Square (Green Park , Calcutta the first national flag of India was hosted. It was a boycott day against the partition of Beganla and Sir Surendranath Banerjee hosted this flag to mark the unity of India. • Madam Cama on 22nd of August 1907 at Stuttgrat, Gerinazw, hoisted the flag and attained the status of the first Indian flag to be hoisted at the foreign land. • In 1916 Pingali Venkatija, a writer and a geophysicst, designed a flag with the intention to bring the whole nation together. He met Mahatma Gandhi and sought his approval. Mahatma Gandhi suggested him to incorporate ‘Charkha the symbole of economic regeneration of India, in the flag. • The National Flag of India is based on the flag of the Indian National Congress (INC), which was designed by Pingali Vena of Andhra Pradesh and adopted in 1931 (Karachi Session). • 1947: When India got independence, a committee headed by Rajinder Prasad was formed to discuss the National Flag of HISTORICAL JUDGMENTS India and they decided to adopt the flag of Indian National Congress, with suitable modifications, as the flag of India. As • The Delhi High Court in a a result, the flag of 1931 was adopted as Indian flag but ‘Charkha judgment on September 22, in the middle was replaced by Chakra’ (wheel) and hence our l995, said that any citizen can National Flag came into being.
    [Show full text]