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3 NATIONAL SYMBOLS & ART and CULTURE National Flag • on August 1, L906 at Parsee Began Square (Green Park , Calcutta the First National Flag of India Was Hosted

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3 NATIONAL SYMBOLS & ART and CULTURE National Flag • on August 1, L906 at Parsee Began Square (Green Park , Calcutta the First National Flag of India Was Hosted Click Here For Integrated Guidance Programme http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/integrated-free-guidance-programme CHAPTER - 3 NATIONAL SYMBOLS & ART AND CULTURE National Flag • On August 1, l906 at Parsee Began Square (Green Park , Calcutta the first national flag of India was hosted. It was a boycott day against the partition of Beganla and Sir Surendranath Banerjee hosted this flag to mark the unity of India. • Madam Cama on 22nd of August 1907 at Stuttgrat, Gerinazw, hoisted the flag and attained the status of the first Indian flag to be hoisted at the foreign land. • In 1916 Pingali Venkatija, a writer and a geophysicst, designed a flag with the intention to bring the whole nation together. He met Mahatma Gandhi and sought his approval. Mahatma Gandhi suggested him to incorporate ‘Charkha the symbole of economic regeneration of India, in the flag. • The National Flag of India is based on the flag of the Indian National Congress (INC), which was designed by Pingali Vena of Andhra Pradesh and adopted in 1931 (Karachi Session). • 1947: When India got independence, a committee headed by Rajinder Prasad was formed to discuss the National Flag of HISTORICAL JUDGMENTS India and they decided to adopt the flag of Indian National Congress, with suitable modifications, as the flag of India. As • The Delhi High Court in a a result, the flag of 1931 was adopted as Indian flag but ‘Charkha judgment on September 22, in the middle was replaced by Chakra’ (wheel) and hence our l995, said that any citizen can National Flag came into being. The Indian flag can only be fly the National Flag on his or made up of Khadi. her house / building, nullyfing the Fladg code which confers • The National Flag of India was adopted by the Constituent the honour on a few top Assembly on the July 22, 1947. government officials. • The National Flag of India is horizontal tricolor of deep saffron • In another major ruling on (‘kesari’) at the top, white the in the middle and dark green at January 23, 2004, the the bottom in equal proportion. Ratio of the width of the flag to Supreme Court declared that its length is 2:3. hoisting of the National Flag by • In the centre of the white bank is a navy blue wheel which the citizens is a Fundamental represents the Chakra. Right under Article I 9(1)(a) of • Its design is that of the wheel which appears on the abacus of the Constitution. the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashok (Dharma Chakra). Its diameter approximates to the width of the white bank. It has 24 spokes. • Saffron stands for courage, sacrifice and renunciation. White stands for truth and purity. Truth in words and actions, and purity in thoughts. Green is the symbol of life, abundance and prosperity. Chakra is the symbol of progress and of movement. • January 26, 2002: Fifty-four years after the tiranga (our Indian flag as it is popularly known) was adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the national flag, the citizens were free to hoist the. Indian flag • The Indian national flag was hoisted on Mt. Everest, the highest peak in the world, on May 29 1953. • In 1971, the Indian flag, went into space on board Apollo-15. It flew into space as a medallion on Thpacesuit worn by Cosmonaut Wing Command Rakesh Sharma • The Flag Code of India, 2002, takes effect from 26 January 2002 and supersedes the ‘Flag Code— India as it existed. Click Here to Buy Full Study Kit in Hard Copy © WWW.UPSCPORTAL.COM http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/study-kit-for-ias-pre-gs-paper-1-2012 Click Here For Integrated Guidance Programme http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/integrated-free-guidance-programme • Apart from non-statutory instruction issued by the Govt. from time to time, display of the National Flag is governed by the provisions of the flag code of India, 2002, there shall be no restriction on the display of the National Flag by members of general public, private oganisations. educational institutions, etc, except to the extent provided in the emblems and names (Preventions of Improper use) Act 1950 and the prevention of Insult to National Honour Act, 1971 and any other law enacted on the Subject. State Emblem • The state emblem is an adaptation from the Sarnath Lion. • In the original, there are four lions, standing back to back, mounted on an abacus with a frieze carrying sculptures in high relief of an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull and a lion separated by intervening wheels over a bell-shaped lotus. • Carved out of a single block of polished sandstone, the Capital is crowned by the Wheel of the Law (Dharma Chakra). • The state emblem was adopted by the Government of India on 26 January 1950. • The words Satyameva Jayate from Mundaka Upanishad, meaning Truth Alone Triumphs’, are inscribed below the abacus in Devanagari script. • The emblem of India is an adaptation from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka. • Emperor Ashoka the Great erected the capital atop an Ashoka Pillar to mark the spot where Gautama Buddha first taught the Dharrna and where the Buddhist Sangha was founded. In the original there are four Asiatic lions, standing back to back, mounted on a circular abacus with a friezecarrying sculptures in high relief of an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull and a lion separated by intervening Dharmachakra or Ashoka Chakrawheels over a bell-shaped lotus. It was carved out of a single block of polished sandstone. • The four lions (one hidden from view) - symbolising powers courage and confidence rest on a circular abacus The abacus is girded by four smaller animals - guardians of the four directions the lion of the north, the elephant of the east, the horse of the south and the bull of the west. The abacus rest on a lotus in fall bloom, exemplifying the fountainhead of life and creative inspiration • The emblem forms a part of the official letterhead of the Government of India, and appears on all Indian currency as well. The wheel “Ashoka Chakra” from its base has been Sake Gregorian placed onto the center of the National Flag of India 1 Chaitra 30/31 daysMarch 22/21 National Anthem 1 Vaishaka 31 April 21 • The song Jana-gana-mana, composed originally in Bengali 1 Jaishta 31 May 22 by Rabindrariath Tagore, was adopted in its Hindi version 1 Ashadha 31 June 22 by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of 1 Shravana 31 July 23 India on 24 Jariuaru 1950. 1 Bhadra 31 Aug. 23 • It was first sung on 27 December 1911 at the Calcutta 1 Ashvina 30 Sept. 23 Session of the Indian National Congress. 1 Kartika 30 Oct. 23 • The song ‘jana gana mana’ was first published in January 1912, under the title Bharat Vidhata in the Tatua Bodhmi 1 Margashirsha 3O Nov. 22 Patnka edited by Tagore himself The song was translated 1 Pausa 30 Dec. 22 into English by Tagore in 1919, under the title ‘Morning 1 Magha 30 Jan. 21 Song of India’. 1 Phalguna 30 Feb. 20 • The complete song consists of five stanzas. • The playing time of the full version of the National Anthem is approximately 52 seconds. The playing time of the short version consisting of first and last lines of the stanza is approximately 20 seconds. • India and Bangladesh adopted two songs written by the first Asian Nobel prizewinner and noted Bengali poet/author Rabindranath Tagore as their national anthems, Jana Gana Mana and Amar Click Here to Buy Full Study Kit in Hard Copy © WWW.UPSCPORTAL.COM http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/study-kit-for-ias-pre-gs-paper-1-2012 Click Here For Integrated Guidance Programme http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/integrated-free-guidance-programme Shonar Bangla, respectively. This is a very rare occasion where one person is the author of the National anthems of two different countries, if not unique. • The poem was composed in December 1911, precisely at the time of the Coronation Durbar of George V and is considered by some to be a paean in praise of the overlord of India destiny. The composition was first sung during a convention of the then loyalist Indian National Congress in Calcutta on Dec. 16, 1911. • In 2005, there were calls to delete the word “Sindh” and substitute it with the word Kashmir. The argument was that Sindh was no longer a part f India, having become part of Pakistan as a result of the Partition of 1947. The Supreme Court of India refused to tamper with the national anthem and the wording remains unchanged. National Song • The song Vande Mataram, composed in Sanskrit by Bankimchandra Chatrji, was a source of inspiration to the people in their struggle for freedom. • Vande Mataram is a poem in the novel by Anandamatha by Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay. It is written in a mixture of Bengoli and Sanskrit. ft is a hymn to the goddess Durga, identified as the national personification of Bengal. It came to be considered the “National Anthem of Bengal, and it played a part in the Indian independence movement, first sung in a political context ‘ by Rabindranath Tagore at the 1896 session of the Indian National Congress. In 1950 its first’ two verses were given the official status of ‘national song” of the Republic of India, distinct from lnatiia1 anthem of India Jana Gana-Mana. • A commonly cited Eng1isiangUage translation of the poem, Mother, I bow to thee!, is due to Sri Aurobindo (1909). • The concept of Vande Mataram came to Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay when he was still a government official under the British Raj, around 1876.
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