The Vascular Plants of Devon
Flora as Lycopodium inundatum L. p.754, Atlas p.1 (6), 1987 Lycopodiaceae onwards (3).
VC3 l Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Shrank & Mart. SX55 Edges of pools in old china clay workings at Fir Clubmoss – Map 1 Smallhanger Waste, Crownhill Down, SX576595, Occasional. Native. A Boreo-arctic Montane species, on the 1980, R.Davies (Wigston et al. 1981); in three places, edge of its range in Devon. Mainly restricted to Dartmoor, locally dominant over several square metres where it has been recorded on 31 tors since 2000, amongst small Molinia caerulea tussocks at principally on ledges and amongst clitter, with a few SX578596, 1994, R.E.N.Smith ; 30 colonies varying substantial populations in wet heath by small streams. from a few plants to an almost continuous patch Individual plants are occasionally found on heath or measuring 32 x 40 m in two clay pits and by two blanket peat remote from any of the bigger populations. In ponds, SX5759, 2000, N.F.Stewart (Stewart & the past it has been recorded from Exmoor and various FitzGerald 2001); in northwest corner of an sites in East and South Devon, but there is only one recent abandoned china clay pit, near the shallowly record from East Devon, at Hense Moor. flooded floor, several hundred, perhaps a few Flora as Lycopodium selago L. p.753, Atlas p.1 (38), 1987 thousand plants, SX576597, 2003, P.D.Pullen . Three onwards (35). tiny plants in the bottom of ditch on Headon Down, Map 1. Huperzia selago (Fir Clubmoss) Lutton, SX585595, 2007, A.J.Byfield. SX56 Tetrad SX5464, 1981, M.F.Spooner (Atlas). Old china clay workings at Cadover Bridge, once common there over an area of about 250 square metres at SX556648, the population had declined substantially between 1986 and 2003 as the site dried out, P.D.Pullen . In several places around the ponds to the north of Cadover Bridge, SX552652 and close by, 1997 to 2010, R.M.H.Hodgson , N.F.Stewart & R.E.N.Smith . Tetrad SX5664, 1981, K.Jefferies (Atlas). SX67 Four plants on old tin workings on the fringe of Fox Tor Mire at Whiteworks, SX618709, 1971, D.L.Wigston . This population suffered during the 1976 drought with only one plant still surviving by 1979 (Wigston 1979). Not seen since.
l Lycopodiella inundata (L.) Holub Marsh Clubmoss Very rare. Endangered on the British Red List. Native. In damp peat on heaths and moors. The only recent records are from southwest Dartmoor near Cadover Bridge and at Smallhanger Waste, Crownhill Down, where it occurs in some quantity in disused china clay workings at both sites. Crownhill Down is now under threat from tungsten mining. There are earlier records from the Bovey Tracey area, where the sites were destroyed by mid 20 th century housing developments and ball clay mining, from the East Devon Commons where it was last reported from a number of sites in 1963, and from the Blackdown Hills where it persisted at Maiden Down until 1985. In North Devon the plant was collected twice during the 19 th century near Trentishoe but has not been seen since. Fir Clubmoss Huperzia selago
A New Flora of Devon 119 Lycopodiaceae
SX74 Near Kingsbridge, Miss Cutler (Ravenshaw 1872); VC3 as Miss Cushe (Keys 1865-72). SX56 Moor near Cadover Bridge, 1880, F.Brent (Briggs SX87 Heathfield, 1829, C.C.Babington (CGE ). Chudleigh 1880). Knighton Heath, 1881, W.M.Rogers (Rogers 1882a). SX58 High Down, Lydford, tetrad SX5284 (Flora, RAMM). Forde Bog, Newton Abbot (Stewart 1860). SX65 Ugborough Beacon, 1862, I.W.N.Keys (Keys 1865- SX97 Dawlish Warren, SX9879, 1936, G.T.Fraser (Flora, 1872). TOR ). SX66 West Buckfastleigh, W.K.Martin (Flora). Tetrad SY08 Bog nearest to Yettington, Woodbury Common, SX6664, 1972, J.Webster (BSBI Atlas). SX649656, 1981, anon. (BSBI Atlas). about 1784, F.Drake (Briggs 1884). Woodbury SX67 Postbridge (Flora). Soussons, SX682788, 1995, Common, 1868, J.Penrose (Ravenshaw 1872, Keys N.F.Stewart & M.R.Hughes. 1865-72); SY0387, 1963, J.J.Hayward (DA 1964), SX68 Buttern Hill, SX652884, 1958, R.J.Skerrett. Warren destroyed by bulldozing operations by 1973, House Inn (Flora, RAMM). Near Warren House J.J.Hayward (DA 1974). Exmouth, 1903 (Flora). Inn, 1950, Mrs. Adamson (TOR). Vitifer, SX680810, SY09 West Hill, 1899, G.B.Wollaston (Flora) . Harpford 1958, R.J.Skerrett; 1964, E.Mills; 2010, R.E.N.Smith. Common, SY0915, 1963, M.C.F.Proctor (DA 1964) . Headland Warren, SX684808, 1951, O.Greig (BSBI ST01 Culmstock, G.R.A.Watts (Flora); Maiden Down, Atlas); SX890810, 1995, L.J.Margetts & L.M.Spalton; ST088162, 1958, A.D.Hallam ; ST0915, 1964, 2010, R.E.N.Smith. Below Grimspound, 1877, M.C.F.Proctor (DA 1965); ST090159, 1985, W.B.Waterfall (Flora, BIRM). East Bovey Head, L.J.Margetts (BSBI Atlas). SX694822, 2007, I.Lakin & K.Rylands. ST10 Hense Moor, ST175080, 1979, M.A.Stile (DBRC). SX77 Haytor and Rippon Tor, W.K.Martin (Flora). SX78 Near cairn at top of Hameldown, 1899, C.E.Larter VC4 (TOR); SX7080, 1997, J.Saunders (DA 1998); SS64 Trentishoe, SS6448, 1840, N.B.Ward (TOR ); 1840, Hameldown near Cross, SX704802, 2001 & 2006, G.C.Joad (OXF ); before 1861, A.E.Griffiths (TOR , J.Braven; 2009, R.E.N.Smith. BPL ); 1863, T.R.A.Briggs (Keys 1865-72, BM ). SX97 About Teignmouth (Flora). SS90 Tiverton district, G.R.A.Watts (Flora). SX98 Haldon, Kenn Parish (Jones & Kingston 1829). SY08 Exmouth (Flora, RAMM). l Lycopodium clavatum L. SY09 Harpford, G.T.Harris (Flora). Stag’s-horn Clubmoss ST00 Blackdown (Jones & Kingston 1829). Blackdown Heather Moor, ST096065, 1964, A.D.Hallam (DA Very rare. Native. A Boreo-temperate grassland species at 1965). the very edge of its range in Devon. It has declined considerably since it was described by Jones & Kingston VC4 (1829) as “common on Dartmoor and adjoining downs”. In SX58 Bridestowe, L.Pershore (Flora, RAMM ). Yes Tor the past it also occurred in Exmoor and East Devon but the (Flora, RAMM ). Lints Tor, T.F.Ravenshaw only recent records are from Dartmoor, where it has been (Ravenshaw 1860). recorded most regularly on Hamel Down and to the west SX59 Okehampton, Mrs. Woolcombe (Flora) . West Mill Tor, between Headland Warren Farm and the Warren House SX588913, 2001, R.Gomm & J.Braven (DA 2002). Inn. SX68 Cranmere Pool, F.H.Davey (Flora). Knack Mine, Flora p.755, Atlas p.1 (12), 1987 onwards (6). SX613885, 1999, A.M.Watt ; SX614886, 2007, R.E.N.Smith & N.F.Stewart. Steeperton Gorge, SX615888, 2005, R.E.N.Smith (DA 2006). SX69 Belstone, 1899, C.E.Larter (Flora, TOR ). SS53 Barnstaple District, F.A.Brokenshire (Flora). SS54 Swinedown, south of Ilfracombe (Keys 1865-72). SS63 High Bray, W.P.Hiern (DA 1914, RAMM ). Bratton Fleming (Flora, RAMM ). SS64 Trentishoe (Flora, TOR ), Martinhoe Common, C.Scriven (Ravenshaw 1860). Chapman Barrows, Challacombe, 1905, C.E.Larter (Flora, TOR ). Between Trentishoe and Combe Martin (Keys 1865- 1872). On the sea cliff at Trentishoe, 1960, C.M.A.Cadell (DA 1961). SS73 North Molton, H.Saunders (Flora). SS74 Lynton (Flora, RAMM ). Brendon Common, R.J.Gray (Ravenshaw 1860) . Near Lorna Doone valley, 1923, P.Ashton (PLH ). SS82 West Anstey, before 1894, E.V.Freeman (DA 1927). East Anstey, SS875285, 1970, Mrs. Bonham-Carter (DA 1971). SS92 Oakford, before 1888 (Flora).
Marsh Clubmoss Lycopodiella inundata Also recorded in VC3 : SX88 and VC4 : SX48 (BSBI Atlas).
120 A New Flora of Devon Lycopodiaceae, Selaginellaceae, Isoetaceae, Ophioglossaceae l Diphasiastrum alpinum (L.) Holub VC3 Alpine Clubmoss SX55 Tetrad SX5658, 1980, M.F.Spooner (Atlas). Crownhill Extinct. Native. The only clear record is based on a Down, SX574594, 1994, DAB (DA 1995); 1995, specimen in Herb. Hiern ex Herb. W.S. Hore (1807-1882) R.E.N.Smith ; 2004, P.D.Pullen. from Dartmoor, without date or specific locality. (Flora, SX56 Burrator, SX5468 & SX5668, 1973 & 1974, RAMM ). Records given as “VC4 North Devon” and “? M.F.Spooner (Atlas); SX557683, 1999, DAB . Tetrad Near Chagford” (Flora) may be derived from the same SX5662, 1973 & 1974, M.F.Spooner (Atlas); pond record. behind Lee Moor House, SX574631, 1980, Flora as Lycopodium alpinum L. p.755 , Atlas p.1. M.F.Spooner (BSBI Atlas). Lee Moor House, SX575633 and Lee Moor, SX571631, 1999, DAB ; large pond near Lee Moor, SX571631, 2009, Selaginellaceae N.F.Stewart et al. North of Cadover Bridge, SX552653, 1953, O.Greig (BSBI Atlas); and regularly l Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun since then in several of this group of clay pits. Krauss’s Clubmoss SX66 Redlake, SX647668, 2010, R.E.N.Smith. Rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in central and SX67 Venford Reservoir, SX6870, 1999, N.F.Stewart (DA southern Africa. Naturalised in damp shaded places, 2000); SX683708, 2005, B.R.Wheeler. mostly in large gardens and churchyards, where it SX68 Fernworthy Reservoir, SX662839, 1955, O.Greig originates from wreaths. (BSBI Atlas); SX662839, 1971, C.D.Blackiston & 1987 onwards (13). G.F.C.Hawkins (DA 1972); tetrad SX6684, 1975, M.F.Spooner (Atlas); SX6682, 1981, R.B.Ivimey-Cook VC3 (Atlas); SX6684, 1999, N.F.Stewart (DA 2000). SX47 Near Grenofen, a greenhouse escape, 1941, SX88 Kennick Reservoir, SX8083, 1952, O.Greig ; SX8084; K.M.Johnstone (DA 1942). Downstream from 1988, R.E.N.Smith ; SX806838, 2001 & 2011, Grenofen Bridge, SX487708, 2010, P.D.Pullen. N.F.Stewart. Tottiford Reservoir, SX8083 & SX8182, SX55 Saltram, SX5155, 2006, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith. O.Greig (DA 1952); SX8182, 2001, N.F.Stewart . SX65 Lukesland, Ivybridge, SX6457, 2006, R.E.N.Smith & Trenchford Reservoir, SX8082, O.Greig (DA 1952). C.J.Smith. SX74 Overbecks, Salcombe, SX737437, 2002, I.McNeill. SX76 Dartington Hall, SX796626, 2006, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith. Ophioglossaceae SX77 Holne Chase, SX723710, 1999, R.E.N.Smith. SX86 Berry Pomeroy, SX828610, 1995 and Little l Ophioglossum vulgatum L. Hempston, SX813626, 1999, R.E.N.Smith. Adder’s-tongue SX88 Haldon Grange, SX881867, 2007, R.E.N.Smith & Rare. Native. In open woodland, damp pastures, meadows C.J.Smith . and dune slacks. The Flora lists 26 parish records for VC3 SY08 Bicton, 1963, J.J.Hayward (DA 1964). Bicton Garden, and 15 for VC4 including some equating to those listed SY073858, 2009, R.E.N.Smith . below. More recently it appears to have suffered a marked decline, probably due to agricultural improvement or VC4 under-grazing. However, it can be locally abundant where SS54 Watermouth, SS557480, 2005, M.M.Putnam conf. conditions suit it. It persisted amongst scrub in Lustleigh M.Pool ; SS553480, 2011, M.M.Putnam. Tetrad SS5446, 2011, M.M.Putnam & A.Holwill . Sterridge Cleave until 1995 but has probably gone due to lack of Valley, SS553442, 2011, M.M.Putnam. grazing. Widely distributed with a concentration of SS74 Glen Lyn, Lynton, 1902, A.Kent (TOR ). records in the Braunton/Northam Burrows area. Records made since 1939 are listed. Flora p.748, Atlas p.3 (17), 1987 onwards (25). Isoetaceae VC3 SX47 Grenofen, SX4971, 1987, A.P.G.Michelmore (DA l [Isoetes lacustris (L.) Quillwort 1988). Although there are several records of this species from SX54 Blackstone Point, SX538463, 2006, P.D.Pullen . reservoirs and clay pits on Dartmoor, all voucher SX55 Plympton St Mary, with Botrychium lunaria but less specimens so far traced have been re-identified as Isoetes commonly, in pasture between Plympton and echinospora . The presence of I. lacustris in Devon (and Dartmoor, T.R.A.Briggs (Briggs 1869) . southwestern England) requires confirmation.] SX57 Bedford Bridge, near Tavistock, SX5070, 1987, Flora p.756. M.F.Spooner (DA 1988); 1997, R.E.N.Smith ; 2012, R.B.Hutchins . l Isoetes echinospora Durieu SX78 Tetrad record, SX7680, 1980, M.F.Spooner (Atlas). Spring Quillwort Lustleigh Cleave, SX771812, 1995, R.E.N.Smith & Very rare. Native. Found in dystrophic ponds and C.J.Smith (DA 1996). reservoirs around Dartmoor. SX79 SX7296, 1980, K.Jefferies (Atlas); Lower Eastwood, Atlas p.1 (11), 1987 onwards (9). SX7296, 1993, J.Shotton.
A New Flora of Devon 121 Ophioglossaceae
SX86 Orley Common, SX8266, 1973, M.C.F.Proctor (DA SS80 East Emlett, SS8008, 1991, J.Muddeman . 1974); 1990, but not seen since, A.Compton . SS91 Cove, in several places, A.L.Still (DA 1941). Tetrad Stoneycombe, quarry by railway, SX857670, 1982, SS9010, 1977, M.Page (BSBI Atlas). R.Williams. SS92 Bampton, SS967207, 1995, P.R.Green. SX87 Parke, SX8078, 1981, S.Goodfellow ; SX809785, 2005, R.Allen ; SX806784, 2009, P.Burgess . Also recorded in VC3 : SX99 , SY18 and VC4 : SX49, SS63, SX88 Many hundreds of plants by A38 at Crammers SS72 (BSBI Atlas). Cross, Chudleigh, SX881813, 1996, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith (DA 1997); 2008, M.R.Hughes. Farley Farm, l Ophioglossum azoricum C. Presl Chudleigh, SX8480, 1985, A.P.G.Michelmore (DA Small Adder’s-tongue 1996). Tetrad SX8680, 1981, M.F.Spooner (Atlas). Very rare. Nationally Scarce. Native. On short grazed turf SX95 Berry Head, SX9456, 1987, T.Inskip (DA 1988). on cliff tops on Lundy and on dry gravelly sand at SX97 Greenland Lake, Dawlish Warren, where it can be Dawlish Warren where it was discovered in 2005. rather common, SX9879, 1980, M.F.Spooner ; and Flora as O. vulgatum L. var. polyphyllum Braun. p.748, Atlas regularly to 2010, J.J.Ison. p.3 (3), 1987 onwards (3). SY19 Tetrad SY1496, 1983, W.H.Tucker (Atlas). Lincombe, SY158881, 2002, D.J.Allen . VC3 SS80 Shobrooke lake, SX8602, 1991, J.L.Muddeman ; SX97 About 60 fronds, Greenland Lake, Dawlish Warren, SX867022, 1995, N.F.Stewart & R.J.Stewart. SX985792, 2005, R.E.N.Smith conf. A.C.Jermy (DA ST10 Sheldon, Lower valley, F.F.Laidlaw (DA 1944) . Hense 2006, BM ); 2010, J.J.Ison . Moor, ST176072, 2007, D.J.Allen (DA 2012). ST11 Tetrad ST1816, 1977, R.B.Ivimey-Cook & P.Wilkins VC4 (Atlas). SS14 Lundy, 1935, W.R.Elliston Wright det. F.W.Stansfield ST20 Tetrad ST2008, 1973, G.H.Gush (Atlas). Green (DA 1936); 1982, A.Cleave (BM ); 1988, T.J.Dingle Down, ST281018, 1972, T.J.Wallace (BSBI Atlas). (BSBI Atlas); SS1345, Warman , 1990, (BSBI Atlas); SS1346, 1993, 100,000+ plants, L.Farrell ; abundant VC4 northwest of Middle Park, 2009, Lundy Field Society SX69 Glendon, SX616973, 2010, H.Gibbons. North Wyke, logbook ; Middle Park, 2010, T.Davis & T.Jones. SX653980, 2002, E.J.McDonnell. SX79 Spreyton wood, SX717968, 1996, S.G.Madge (DA l Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. 1997). Moonwort SS21 Gooseham, SS233168, 2011, R.M.H.Hodgson , Very rare. Native. In pastures, dry grassland and in dune P.Madgett & J.Bradbeer . grassland. The Flora lists 15 parishes in VC3 and 10 in VC4 SS41 Rosemoor, Torrington, SS4917, 2004, S.Holloway . but there has been a severe decline since that time. SS43 Braunton Burrows, SS4430, SS4432, SS4433, SS4434, However, plants may be rather small and easily SS4435, SS4533, SS4535, SS4634, SS4636, 1972, overlooked. Never common, most recent records are from M.Jaques and others regularly to 2004. Northam Braunton Burrows and from Dartmoor, where it is a Burrows, SS444315, 1980 and 1985, M.Towns . feature of unimproved hay meadows. SS52 Chapelton, 1907, A.Sharland (BPL ). Flora p.748, Atlas p.3 (5), 1987 onwards (13). SS62 Castle Hill, Filleigh, SS6727, E. Fortescue (DA 1940). VC3 SX46 Buckland Monachorum, south end of Roborough Down, 1870, T.R.A.Briggs (Briggs 1880) . SX55 Plympton St Mary, in quantity in some pastures a few miles from between Plympton towards Dartmoor at over 250 m, 1869, T.R.A.Briggs (Briggs 1869 & 1880) . SX56 Meavy (Flora). Between Shaugh and Cadover Bridge, F.Brent (Keys 1865-1872). Crownhill Down, 1871, T.R.A.Briggs (Briggs1871). SX57 Cox Tor, E.M.Holmes (Keys 1872). White Tor and Baggy Tor (Flora). SX67 By the River Dart (Moore 1851). Near Two Bridges, 1896, H.Saunders (Saunders 1898). Postbridge, 1888, W.B.Waterfall (BIRM ). Broadaford, SX689764, 1995, N.F.Stewart & M.R.Hughes et al. (DA 1996) . Brimpts Farm, SX669741 and SX670735, 2000 & 2004, R.E.N. Smith. North of Bellever, SX6578, Combestone Tor, SX6771, 1993, and near Dartmeet, SX6773, 1993, DNP comm. N.Baldock (DA 1994). Dunnabridge Farm, SX644743, 2007, I.Lakin & K.Ryland. SX68 Two plants on roadside near Headland Warren, Small Adder’s-tongue Ophioglossum azoricum SX696810, 2010, S.Taylor (DA 2011).
122 A New Flora of Devon Ophioglossaceae, Equisetaceae
SX78 Lustleigh, 1937, G.T.Fraser (Flora, TOR ). SX7680, 1980, M.F.Spooner (Atlas). SX86 Milber, SX8869, 1933, W.K.Martin (DA 1941). SX97 Teignmouth (Flora). SX98 Mamhead, A.E.Griffiths (Stewart 1860, TOR ). Haldon, 1853, det. I.W.N.Keys (Keys 1865-72); Haldon Hill, Miss Hunt (Ravenshaw 1860); park at Whiteway and near the Racecourse, W.M.Rogers (Rogers 1882a). SX99 Poltimore, 1908, C.E.Larter (Flora, TOR ). SY18 Sidmouth and Salcombe Regis (Flora). SY29 Axminster and Southleigh (Flora).
VC4 SX49 Near Ashbury Station (Rogers 1886). SX58 One plant on Fernworthy Down, Lydford, SX5186, 2005, P.Chamberlain (DA 2006). SS14 Lundy, south of Threequarter Wall, SS1346, 1938, F.R.Elliston Wright (DA 1941). Lundy, northwest of the Old Light, SS1344, 1948, E.D.Wiggins & H.G.Morgan (LFS logbook). SS43 Braunton Burrows (Flora), 1963, T.C.E.Wells (ABRN) and many recorders since in SS4432, SS4434, SS4436, SS4533, SS4535, SS4632 and SS4634 SS44 Mortehoe (Flora). Moonwort Botrychium lunaria SS53 Near Barnstaple, Messrs Pince’s gardner (Ravenshaw 1860). SY18 Salcombe Regis and Branscombe, in springs on the SS54 Ilfracombe (Flora, RAMM ). Berrynarbor, SS5646, face of the cliffs, one locality in 1845-1846 but 1907, C.E.Larter (Greig 1958). subsequently in other places, R.Cresswell (Cresswell SS63 Loxhore (Flora). 1846, Ravenshaw 1860); pre-1902, A.Bennett (Flora). SS64 Glebe at Martinhoe, C.Scriven (Ravenshaw 1860). Salcombe Regis cliffs near Seaton, A.E.Griffiths SS72 South Molton (Flora). (Flora, TOR ); N.E.Brown (Flora). SS73 Poltimore Corner, North Molton (Flora, TOR ). SS74 North Wall, Lynton, R.J.Gray (Ravenshaw 1860). VC4 SS82 Hare’s Down Cross, SS844207, 2003, E.J.McDonnell. SS43 Braunton Burrows, 1889-1903 W.P.Hiern (Flora, SS91 Marwoods, near Cove, 1941, A.L.Still (TOR ). RAMM ); 1934, J.C.Davy (Flora); 1936, F.R.Elliston SS92 Bampton Down, A.L.Still (DA 1941, TOR ). Wright (Flora, TOR ); and regularly since. Now known to be widespread it has been recorded from Also recorded in VC3 : SX47, SX76, SX87, SX88 (BSBI Atlas). SS4432, SS4433, SS4434, SS4435, SS4436, SS4533, SS4535, SS4537 and SS4634, 1987-2011, by many Equisetaceae recorders including W.H.Tucker , M.Tulloh , R.E.N.Smith , R.M.H.Hodgson . l Equisetum variegatum Schleich. ex F. Weber & D. Mohr Variegated Horsetail l Equisetum fluviatile L. Very rare. Nationally Scarce. Native. A calcicole, elsewhere Water Horsetail found in upland flushes, river shingle and loch shores, but Frequent. Native. In water and at margins of lakes, ditches in Devon limited to dune slacks. There are old records and ponds in damp areas. Widespread in the county and from South Devon where it has been recorded from three locally abundant. sites. In North Devon it is still widespread at Braunton Flora p.752, Atlas p.1 (168), 1987 onwards (92). Burrows where plants can be very small and easily overlooked. It was first recorded there by W.P.Hiern, who l Equisetum × litorale Kühlew. ex Rupr. collected it on several occasions between 1889 and 1903, E. arvense × E. fluviatile and was re-discovered in 1934 by Lady Davy. Shore Horsetail Flora p.753, Atlas p.1 (6), 1987 onwards (4). Rare. Native. On banks and in damp areas near water and in shallow water at the edges of lakes, ditches and ponds. VC3 Widely scattered throughout the county and probably SX86 Two miles from Torquay beside the railway, under-recorded. E.Parfitt (Ravenshaw 1860); by the railway between 1987 onwards (25). Lowe’s and Scott’s Bridges, Torquay, SX8966, 1931, A.F. Jennings (Flora, TOR ). VC3 SX97 Teignmouth, by the railway, E.M.Holmes SX55 Forder Valley reserve in pond, tetrad SX5056, 2006, (Ravenshaw 1872). P.D.Pullen.
A New Flora of Devon 123 Equisetaceae
SX56 Burrator, SX558687, 2003, R.M.H.Hodgson ; north end l Equisetum arvense L. of Burrator, SX5669, 2009, P.D.Pullen. Field Horsetail SX78 SX7287 and tetrad SX7288, 1978, M.Rickard (Atlas). Common. Native. Widespread and often abundant in SX84 Stokeley Marsh, Slapton Ley, SX8142, 1968 (Brookes waste ground, hedgebanks, roadsides and in dunes & Burns 1969, DA 1992). throughout the county but absent from the high moors. SX87 By River Teign, SX856778, 2006, R.E.N.Smith & Flora p.750, Atlas p.2 (889), 1987 onwards (607). C.J.Smith. Stover, SX837746, 2011, R.E.N.Smith . SX88 Trenchford Reservoir, SX8082, 1978, M.Rickard (Atlas). l Equisetum sylvaticum L. SX89 Half Moon, by River Creedy, SX895976, 2010, Wood Horsetail – Map 2 R.E.N.Smith . Occasional. Native. Widely scattered but perhaps most SX98 Exeter Canal, SX9687, 1996, DAB ; SX938892, 1996, common in the far east of the county. The Flora authors L.M.Spalton (DA 1997). considered it rare and possibly declining but it seems to SX99 Exeter Canal, by Double Locks, SX929905, 1994, have been overlooked and has probably always been R.E.N.Smith . occasional in the county. It grows in damp woodlands and SY08 East Budleigh, SY0684, 2011, R.E.N.Smith & less commonly on wet heaths. C.J.Smith. Flora p.750, Atlas p.2 (28), 1987 onwards (44). SY09 Aylesbeare Common, SY0590, 1997, DAB. SY19 Combehayes, Honiton, SY1698, 1991, L.J.Margetts Map 2. Equisetum sylvaticum (Wood Horsetail) (DA 1992). SY29 Bulmoor valley, Combpyne, SY2993, 1991, L.J.Margetts (DA 1992) . ST11 Lower Sheldon Grange, ST1210, 1995, L.J.Margetts & L.M.Spalton (DA 1996) . Belvewin Ford, Blackborough, ST1110, 1996, both L.J.Margetts & L.M.Spalton (DA 1997); Waterford, ST111105, 2011, R.E.N.Smith . Culm Pyne Barton, ST131146, 2011, R.E.N.Smith . Hidewood Lane, ST1714, 2011, R.E.N.Smith . ST20 Lower Brimpit Farm, ST2204, 2011, R.E.N.Smith.
VC4 SX69 Belstone, SX621934, 1996, N.F.Stewart & T.D.Dines (DA 1997). SS20 Vealand Farm, SS2806, 2011, R.M.H.Hodgson. SS42 Instow, SS489296, 1997, W.H.Tucker . SS43 Braunton Marsh, SS460331, 1996, Lee Knight Environment Agency . SS61 Eggesford Bridge, SS682114, 1994 & 1996, E.Stenger det. L.J.Margetts (DA 1997) . l Equisetum palustre L. Also recorded in VC3 : SX73, SS90 (BSBI Atlas). Marsh Horsetail Frequent. Native. In wet or damp places in marshes and bogs. Widely distributed in the county. Flora p.751, Atlas p.2 (258), 1987 onwards (190).
l Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. Great Horsetail – Map 3 Frequent but locally distributed. Native. Locally abundant in damp woods, meadows, moors and sea-cliffs but needing base rich conditions. Largely confined to the east of the county but there are a few records in the west and north. Localised records in VC4 are listed. Flora p.749, Atlas p.2 (101), 1987 onwards (121).
VC4 SS32 Near Woolfardisworthy, SS3421, 1952, A.J.C.Beddow (Atlas). Steart Wood, Buck’s Mills, SS358233, SS356232, 2005, R.M.H.Hodgson. Portledge, 1952, C.M.A.Cadell (DA 1953); tetrad SS3824, 1974, W.H.Tucker (Atlas); 1981, R.B.Ivimey-Cook (Atlas); SS388249, 2011, R.M.H.Hodgson . Wood Horsetail Equisetum sylvaticum SS43 Braunton Marsh, SS464351, 2003, N.F.Stewart .
124 A New Flora of Devon Equisetaceae, Osmundaceae, Hymenophyllaceae
SS50 Pressland, SS5501, 1956, BRC (Atlas); tetrad SS5400, Map 4. Osmunda regalis (Royal Fern) 1974, W.H.Tucker (Atlas); tetrad SS5400, 1976, anon. (Atlas); SS556019, 2003, R.M.H.Hodgson . SS53 Tetrad SS5632, 1973, B.Eaton (Atlas). SS54 Hele, Ilfracombe (Ravenshaw 1860). SS60 Abundant by pond, Nichols Nymet, SS694022, 1960, O.Greig (DA 1961); tetrad SS6802, 1976, anon. (Atlas). SS62 High Bickington, H.H.Harvey (Flora, RAMM ). Snape, SS622204, 1974, M.Tulloh . SS70 Tetrad SS7800, 1987, B.P.Thurlow (BSBI Atlas). SS72 Rose Ash (Flora, RAMM ). Tetrad SS7026, 1975, B.Eaton (Atlas). SS82 Knowstone (Flora, RAMM ). Tetrad SS8224, 1975, Bishop’s Nympton School (Atlas) ST01 Grand Western Canal, Holcombe Rogus, G.R.A.Watts (Flora).
Map 3. Equisetum telmateia (Great Horsetail)
VC3 SX47 Tavistock area, M.Boggis (DA 1930), but could refer to any of the Tors in SX57. SX56 Meavy, E.M.Phillips (Flora). Sheepstor (Keys 1865- 72); 1909, W.P.Hiern (Flora); SX566681, 2001, J.Braven (DA 2002). Down Tor, SX580694, 2002, J.Braven ; 2009, B.Benfield . Woods, Bickleigh Vale, 1851, W.S.Hore (Hore 1851); R.Stewart (Ravenshaw 1860); between Cann Quarry and Bickleigh Bridge on the left bank of the River Plym (Keys 1865-1872, RAMM ); Bickleigh Vale, A.E.Griffiths (Flora, TOR ). Shaugh Bridge, 1846, F.H.Goulding (HLU ); Shaugh Bridge, pre-1851, W.S.Hore (Hore 1851); near Shaugh Bridge, R.J.Gray (Ravenshaw 1860); I.W.N.Keys (Keys 1865-1872); Shaugh Prior, 1936, G.T.Fraser ; SX534638, 1975, anon. (BSBI Atlas); SX5363, 1988, D.A.Ratcliffe , SX533636; 1991, P.J.Ellison ; Shaugh Bridge, SX5363, 2006 and 2008, P.Pullen . West Down Wood, SX540637 and Osmundaceae Dewerstone Wood, SX536640, 1998, R.M.H.Hodgson. Shaugh Prior, SX5564, 2000, R.E.N.Smith. SX57 Cox Tor, west side, ca. 1784, F.Drake (Briggs 1884) . l Osmunda regalis L. Staple Tor (Moore 1851). Sharpitor, SX560704, 2002, Royal Fern – Map 4 J.Braven ; SX559703, 2002 and 2009, R.E.N.Smith. Occasional. Native. On river banks, in wet woodland, bogs Leather Tor, SX564701, 2001, J.Braven (DA 2002); and damp flushes on sea-cliffs. It suffered greatly from 2009, T.Purches & P.D.Pullen . Wood below Vixen Tor, collecting in Victorian times. Widely scattered in the 1851, W.S.Hore (Hore 1851); SX546741, 1968, anon. county and locally abundant. (BSBI Atlas); abundant on boulders by the River Flora p.747, Atlas p.3 (65), 1987 onwards (77). Walkham, SX545738 and SX545740, 2009, R.E.N.Smith. Hucken Tor, SX548739, 1997, Hymenophyllaceae A.M.Watt ; 2009, R.M.H.Hodgson & R.E.N.Smith . SX58 Fur Tor, W.S.M.D’Urban (Flora, RAMM ); SX587833, 2003, R.M.H.Hodgson & J.Braven . Tavy Cleave, l Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (L.) Sm. SX554833, 2001, J.Braven (DA 2002). Tunbridge Filmy-fern – Map 5 (overleaf) SX65 Ivybridge, Mrs. Applebee (Keys 1865-1872). Rare. Native. In rock crevices and other shaded habitats in SX66 Cornwood (Ravenshaw 1860); Yealm valley, woodlands on and around Dartmoor, less commonly on between Cornwood and Dartmoor, 1879, tors and associated clitters. Also known from a few T.R.A.Briggs (Briggs 1880); Cornwood, 1907, woodland sites on the North Devon coast. W.K.Martin (Flora); 1938, J.Menhinnick , T.Stephenson Flora p.735, Atlas p.3 (29), 1987 onwards (29). & G.T.Fraser (Flora, TOR ). Hawns Wood and
A New Flora of Devon 125 Hymenophyllaceae
Dendles Wood, 1938, G.T.Fraser (TOR ). Tetrad SS74 Watersmeet and Lynmouth, J.Ralphs (Ravenshaw SX6062, 1980, D.A.Rogers (Atlas). By River Mardle 1860); Watersmeet, SS7449, 1976, M.Tulloh (DA SX6968, 1992, M.Pool (DA 1994). Higher Piles 1977); and by several recorders since at SS744486 Copse, Harford, SX6461, 1962, F.Rose (DA 1966); and SS743486; most recently reported 1998, SX643620 and SX644619, 2009, R.E.N.Smith (DA R.E.N.Smith. Above Hoaroak Water, 2010, B.Averis . 2010). Black Tor, near Shipley Bridge, SX681636, 1999, M.Pool et al. (DA 2000); 2010, P.J.Reay . Shipley Also recorded in VC3 : SX55 , SX76 (BSBI Atlas). Tor, SX685633, P.J.Reay . SX67 Wistman’s Wood (Jones & Kingston 1829); Map 5. Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (Tunbridge Filmy-fern) T.A.Sprague (Rendle 1926b); SX613778, 1952, anon. (BSBI Atlas); SX6177, 1994, M.C.F.Proctor ; SX612770, 2009, R.E.N.Smith . Dart Valley, SX683718 and below Bench Tor, SX6971, 1965, M.C.F.Proctor (DA 1966); below Bench Tor, SX6971, 1993, M.Pool (DA 1994) . White Wood, Dart Valley, SX687720, 1998, R.M.H.Hodgson. SX77 Holne Chase, by River Dart near Eagle Rock, SX7272, 1997, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith ; SX728718, 1999, R.E.N.Smith. Webburn valley, SX7172, 1991, P.J.Ellison ; The Glen, SX715726, 2006, R.E.N.Smith. Honeybag Tor, SX7278, 2010, P.J.Reay. SX78 Chagford, R.L.Berry (Flora). Becka Falls (Jones & Kingston 1829); J.M.Chanter (Ravenshaw1860); W.S.M.D’Urban (Flora); 1936, G.T.Fraser (Flora); SX759802, 1958, anon. (BSBI Atlas); SX761801, 1986, M.C.F.Proctor ; 1991, R.E.N.Smith . On rock by River Bovey, SX7780, 1987, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith . SX88 [The record from Dunsford Bridge attributed to Jones & Kingston (1829) in the Flora seems to be an error for H. wilsonii. ] Netton Cleave, SX827817, 1986, M.Rickard . l Hymenophyllum wilsonii Hook. Wilson’s Filmy-fern – Map 6 VC4 Rare. Near Threatened on the British Red List. Native. On SX58 Black Tor Copse, SX5689, 1965, J.J.Hayward (DA Dartmoor tors and clitters, in damp shaded conditions, 1966). West Okement Valley, SX570887 and and much more rarely, at lower altitudes in rocky SX570882, 2001 (DA 2002), J.Braven. Between Black woodland and beside shaded rivers. It has been recorded Tor and Yes Tor, SX575898, 2002, J.Braven . Lydford near the north coast at Watersmeet but not since 1979. Gorge, SX506844, 1996, R.M.H.Hodgson . Rather more drought-tolerant than H. tunbrigense and may SX59 Okehampton, E.P.Bird (DA 1926); H.H.Harvey (Flora). be found in less deeply shaded and more exposed SS32 West of Peppercombe, SS3724, 1990, F.Rose . conditions (Page 1997). SS64 Martinhoe (Flora, RAMM ). Woody Bay area, Flora as Hymenophyllum peltatum (Poir.) Desv. p.735, Atlas SS679488, 1998, D.A.Ratcliffe. Caffyns Heanton p.4 (34), 1987 onwards (29). Wood, SS686482, 2009, D.Boyce . VC3 SX47 Tavistock area, M.Boggis (DA 1930), but could refer to any of the Tors in SX57. SX56 Banks of the Plym, J.M.Chanter (Ravenshaw); Bickleigh Vale, N.B.Ward (Ravenshaw 1860). Rocks above Shaugh Bridge, W.S.Hore (Hore 1842); Shaugh Bridge, 1853, anon. (MANCH ); SX535638, 1998, R.M.H.Hodgson. Dewerstone, 1849, anon. (MANCH ); 1861 (Keys 1865-72). Sheepstor (Ravenshaw 1860); SX566681, 2001, J.Braven (DA 2002) . North Wood, Plym Valley, SX551643, 2003, G.Wyatt . Hentor, SX593653 and Down Tor, SX580694, 2001, J.Braven (DA 2002). Combshead Tor, SX587688, 2006, F.R.Jeffery. SX57 Wood below Vixen Tor, 1851, W.S.Hore (Hore 1852). Leather Tor, SX564701, 2001, J.Braven (DA 2002); SX5670, 2009, T.Purches & P.D.Pullen. Sharpitor, SX560704, 2001, J.Braven (DA 2002) . Cox Tor, Tunbridge Filmy-fern Hymenophyllum tunbrigense SX528761, 2006, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith. Foggintor,
126 A New Flora of Devon Hymenophyllaceae, Marsileaceae
SX562725, 2006, R.M.H.Hodgson. Great Mis Tor, Also recorded in VC3 : SX48 (BSBI Atlas). R.J.Gray (Ravenshaw 1860); A.F.Jennings (Flora); SX5677, 1963, M.C.F.Proctor (DA 1964); SX562770, Map 6. Hymenophyllum wilsonii (Wilson’s Filmy-fern) 1996, R.M.H.Hodgson ; SX559769, SX560770 and SX562769, 2009, R.E.N.Smith. Hucken Tor, SX548739, 2009, R.E.N.Smith . Merrivale, SX543759, 2009, R.E.N.Smith. White Tor, R.J.Gray (Ravenshaw 1860). SX58 Longaford Tor, R.J.Gray (Ravenshaw 1860); SX5184, 1963, M.C.F.Proctor (DA 1964). Fur Tor (Flora); SX587833, 2003, R.M.H.Hodgson & J.Braven ; SX5883, 2006, P.D.Pullen. Tavy Cleave, SX554833, 2001, J.Braven (DA 2002). Arms Tor, SX538863, 2005, J.Braven (DA 2006). SX65 Ivybridge, Mrs. Applebee (Keys 1865-72). SX66 Waterfall, Cornwood, 1865, F.Brent (MANCH ). SX67 Wistman’s Wood, W.S.Hore (Ravenshaw 1860); T.A.Sprague (Rendle 1926); 1986, M.C.F.Proctor. Beardown Tors, SX604772, 2011, R.E.N.Smith & N.F.Stewart. Longaford Tor, R.J.Gray (Ravenshaw 1860); SX6177, 1963, M.C.F.Proctor (DA 1964). White Wood, SX687720, 1998, R.M.H.Hodgson ; by River Dart, SX687722, 2009, R.E.N.Smith. Dart valley, SX6971, 1982, anon. ; Breach Tor, SX693723, 1996, M.C.F.Proctor. River Swincombe, SX629701, 2009, l Trichomanes speciosum Willd. R.E.N.Smith. Killarney Fern SX76 Near Totnes, W.M.Watts (Flora). Holne, by River Very rare. Native. Only the gametophyte stage has been Dart, SX7069, 1964 and 1965, M.C.F.Proctor (DA found in Devon, mainly around the periphery of Dartmoor 1965 & 1966). but also along the Exmoor coast, in very humid but not SX77 New Bridge, SX7070, 2003, R.E.N.Smith. wet sites at the back of rock-crevices. The sporophyte is SX78 Chagford, R.L.Berry (Flora) . Becka Falls, 1850, more typically found near constant running water or in the R.J.Gray (Flora); pre-1851, F.Halle det. J.W.Hooker spray of waterfalls. (Flora); C.E.Parker (Stewart 1860); G.B.Warren 1987 onwards (12). (Ravenshaw 1860). On rock by River Bovey, SX7780, 1987 & 2003, R.E.N.Smith. VC3 SX87 Chudleigh, E.Parfitt (Ravenshaw 1860). SX88 Dunsford Bridge (Jones & Kingston 1829); this SX48 Blacknor Park, West of River Burn, SX484803, 1995, record has been placed under H. tunbrigense in the N.F.Stewart . Flora but this seems to be an error. SX58 Lydford Gorge, SX5084, 1990, F.J.Rumsey ; Lydford Gorge, by White Lady waterfall, SX5083, 1996, VC4 N.F.Stewart. SX58 Lydford Gorge, SX5084 and Lyd Valley, SX5486, SX67 Wistman’s Wood, SX6177, 1991 and 1995, R.J.Cooke. SX5488, 1986, M.C.F.Proctor . Tavy Cleave, SX554833, SX77 Becka Falls, Manaton, SX7679, 1991, F.J.Rumsey. 2001, J.Braven & K.Braven. Black Tor Copse, 1965, SX78 Becka Falls, SX762801, 1991, F.J.Rumsey. R.B.Ivimey-Cook (DA 1966); SX563894, 1986, SX79 White Water, west of Great Tree Hotel, SX701901, M.C.F.Proctor ; SX563893 and SX569887, 2011, 1996, N.F.Stewart. R.E.N.Smith & N.F.Stewart . Between Black Tor and SX88 Beadon Brook, SX8281 and Hyner Bottom Yes Tor, SX575896, 2001, J.Braven (DA 2002); West SX830817, 2006, N.F.Stewart. Okement Valley, SX570887, 2002, J.Braven & K.Braven. SX59 Meldon reservoir, SX564906, 1994, L.M.Spalton & VC4 B.Collins (DA 1995). Isle of Rocks, SX5590, 1963, SS64 Hollow Brook, by waterfall, SS6649, 1997, R.J.Cooke. M.C.F.Proctor . North end of Yes Tor, 1963, Woody Bay, SS6748, 1991, F.J.Rumsey . M.C.F.Proctor (DA 1964). Top of Yes Tor, SX579902, SS74 Mother Meldrum’s Cave, Valley of Rocks, SS7049, 2001, J.Braven & K.Braven. 1991, F.J.Rumsey . Myrtleberry Cleave, SS7348, 1991, SX68 Wild Tor, SX623877, 2002, J.Braven & K.Braven. Oke F.J.Rumsey. Watersmeet, SS7448, 1991, F.J.Rumsey ; and Steeperton Tor area, SX6088, 1986, 2002, N.F.Stewart . M.C.F.Proctor. SX69 Belstone Common area, SX6090, 1986, M.C.F.Proctor . Tetrad SX6092, 1974, M.F.Spooner (Atlas). Marsileaceae SS74 West Lyn, N.B.Ward (Moore 1851); Lynmouth, J.M.Chanter (Ravenshaw 1860); A.E.Griffiths , not l Pilularia globulifera L. dated (Flora, TOR ). Watersmeet, SS746486, 1979 Pillwort and 1994, W.H.Tucker . Extinct. Near Threatened on the British Red List. Native.
A New Flora of Devon 127 Marsileaceae, Salviniaceae, Dennstaedtiaceae, Pteridaceae
It occurred at the edges of pools and lakes where it was Map 7. Azolla filiculoides (Water Fern) usually submerged for part of the year. There are two very old records from East Devon and, more recently, one from Lee Moor where it was seen once in 1979 in an area which has since been excavated for china clay. Flora p.756, Atlas p.9 (0), 1987 onwards (0).
VC3 SX56 Lee Moor, SX5763, 1979, A.J.C.Beddow. SY08 Lane between Gulliford Cross and Combe Farm, 1829, Miss Filmore (Jones & Kingston 1829). ST11 Blackdown, G.B.Warren (Polwhele 1797) but the site might be the same as one recorded in Somerset (Flora).
Salviniaceae l Azolla filiculoides Lam. Water Fern – Map 7 Occasional. Introduced, a neophyte; native in tropical America. First recorded in 1919 in a garden in Torquay (SX96). In 1936 it was found in a pond at Teign Bridge common on hedgebanks, hillsides on clifftops and in House (SX87) where it was accidentally introduced with woods. It is absent only from the highest, dampest parts of water plants, and from there it was transferred to another Dartmoor. Bracken is a very variable species with a world- pond at Daccombe Mill (SX86). Next recorded in Braunton wide distribution divided into two complexes in the Marsh in 1952, the Grand Western Canal in 1970 and northern hemisphere (Stace 2010). Page (1997) describes Exminster Marshes in 1973 and these three areas remain its two British species, P. aquilinum and P. pinetorum C.N.Page main strongholds in the county. There is now a scattering & R.R.Mill, one from each complex but only P. aquilinum of records elsewhere. It grows in ditches, ponds, and the occurs in southern Britain. It is divided by Page into three corners of lakes and in the Grand Western and Exeter subspecies, of which, subsp. aquilinum is common and Canals. It avoids very acid water and is frost sensitive. It widespread and subsp. atlanticum C.N.Page is known to can vary in abundance drastically from year to year. occur, mostly on limestone, in southwest England (Stace Flora p.756, Atlas p.9 (11), 1987 onwards (37). 2010). However, in Devon, there are no records of plants below the species level. Dennstaedtiaceae Flora p.736, Atlas p.4 (1704), 1987 onwards (1616). l Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Pteridaceae Bracken Very common. Native. Widespread and abundant, especially on heaths and moors. Also widespread and l Cryptogramma crispa (L.) R.Br. ex Hook. Parsley Fern Very rare. Probably introduced; native in Wales, northern England and Scotland. On acid steep scree and dry stone walls. It has persisted for over 50 years on an old wall near Princetown where it was probably introduced. An 1896 record from Chagford (Saunders 1898) was regarded as an error by Martin & Fraser (Flora, as “Ashburton”). A single plant reported by N.Ward in 1840 within six miles of Lynton (Ward 1841, Hore 1842) is believed to refer to a population between Challacombe and Simonsbath (Keys 1865-72) in Somerset. An unlocalised record from SS73, made by C.M.A.Cadell (BSBI Atlas), needs to be confirmed. Flora p.737, Atlas p.3 (1), 1987 onwards (1).
VC3 SX67 Whiteworks, near Princetown, SX612709, 1968, P.G.Corbin conf. M.C.F.Proctor (DA 1969); 2005, R.Dawes & R.E.N.Smith (DA 2006); three plants on internal wall of old building, 2012, R.E.N.Smith. Parsley Fern Cryptogramma crispa
128 A New Flora of Devon Pteridaceae, Aspleniaceae l Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Ilfracombe*, 1854, J.Henslow (CGE ); Ilfracombe*, Maidenhair Fern F.G.Heath (Heath 1877). Hele rocks, Ilfracombe*, Very rare. Nationally scarce. Native. On damp basic sea- 1850, T.B.Flower (Flower 1851, PLH ); Hele Bay*, cliffs. Also known from a few sheltered inland sites where SS542483, 1976, M.Rickard (BSBI Atlas). By Torre it is probably an escape from cultivation. The native sites Walk, west of Ilfracombe*, 1846, G.S.Gibson (Gibson are marked *. 1846); White Pebble Bay*, ca. 1853, P.H.Gosse (BSBI Flora p.736, Atlas p.3 (8), 1987 onwards (13). Atlas); SS508477, 1986, M.Tulloh ; Torr Steps*, SS507475, 1992 , British Pteridological Society. VC3 Ilfracombe, on cliff*, SS526477, 1967, A.Silverside SX45 Turnchapel, 1926, S.Richards (PLH ); Plymstock, (DA 1968); SS526476, 1997, M.Pool 1922, C.W.Bracken (DA 1922); old limekiln below (DA 1998) . Turnchapel on Hooe Lake, 1937, C.W.Bracken & SS62 West Irishborough, near Swimbridge, in old E.M.Phillips (Flora, TOR ). Jennycliff*, SX492523, limestone quarry, SS636281, 2008, M.Breeds. 1973, W.H.Tucker & A.J.C.Beddow (DA 1974) and from there to SX491525 by several recorders since; still there 2005, P.D.Pullen. Aspleniaceae [SX54 The record from Mewstone Bay, Wembury, Newman (Flora) is an error for the Berry Head area.] l Asplenium scolopendrium L. SX65 Flete, in an old greenhouse, SX626512, 2007, Hart’s-tongue Fern A.J.Byfield. Very common. Native. Widespread in woodlands, on SX73 East Portlemouth, SX7438, on house wall, 2008, hedgebanks, walls and as an epiphyte on trees. It appears S.J.Leach. to be absent from the higher parts of Dartmoor and SX95 Mudstone Bay, Brixham*, C.E.Parker (Ravenshaw Exmoor. 1860); 1936, G.T.Fraser (Flora); SX9355, C.J.Proctor Flora as Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm. p.741, Atlas as (DA 1994); abundant in a sea-cave at SX932554, P. scolopendrium (L.) Newm p.6 (1475), 1987 onwards 2007, C.J.Proctor , A.J.Byfield & R.E.N.Smith. (1480). Mewstone Bay, Berry Head, 1830 and 1850, T.B.Flower (Flower 1851, PLH ); F.G.Heath (Heath l Asplenium × jacksonii (Alston) Lawalrée 1877). The Mewstone is a short distance to the A. scolopendrium × A. adiantum-nigrum northeast of Mudstone Bay and records labelled Very rare. Native. In the British Isles this hybrid is only thus could refer to the same site. Records for caves recorded from Cornwall, North Devon and the Channel at Brixham (Stewart 1860) and Berry Head, 1978, Islands. There are voucher specimens collected by Chanter J.Poindestre (BSBI Atlas), may also be the same site. and Jackson held at Kew from two North Devon sites. SX96 Walls Hill*, SX934652, 1995 and 2009, M.Pool. These are listed by Ravenshaw (1860) under the name Meadfoot beach*, SX933632, 2009, C.J.Proctor. On Asplenium adiantum-nigrum var. microdon , now Asplenium × tufa at Anstey’s Cove, Torquay*, 1953, G.R.Holligan ; microdon (T.Moore) Lovis & Vida, used for the hybrid SX936646, 1963, J.J.Hayward ; 1993, and regularly to between Asplenium scolopendrium × A. obovatum. In the 2012, R.E.N.Smith. same reference there is also a record for Bideford under the SX97 Buckeridge Road, Teignmouth, on a wall, SX9272, name Phyllitis scolopendrium var. jacksonii. This may also 1966, R.J.Skerrett . belong here but no voucher has been traced. SX99 Exeter, St Thomas, on railway viaduct, SX915918, 2007, J.J.Ison . Polsloe Bridge, SX940935, 2008, J.J.Ison. SY19 Sidbury, 1973, G.Hawkins ; abundant on churchyard wall, SY139917, 2009, R.E.N.Smith. SY29 Axminster, in a well, 1909, A.Sharland (BPL ). Tetrad record, SY2892, T.J.Wallace (Atlas).
VC4 SS14 Lundy, before 1925 (Flora). SS32 Clovelly, 1955, J.Hilton (BSBI Atlas). SS43 Braunton School, SS487372, 1970, M.Tulloh , but not there in 1984. SS53 Pilton Churchyard, SS556342, 1954, C.M.A.Caddell (BSBI Atlas). Yeo Valley, 1955, P.J.Wanstall (BSBI Atlas). SS54 Combe Martin*, Tugwell (Flora). Watermouth*, G.S.Gibson (Flora); A.Griffiths (Flora); Tugwell (Flora) . Berrynarbor*, 1861, A.Griffiths (Flora, BPL ). Sea cliff at Rillage Point*, and another situation at no great distance*, 1846, W.T.Bree (Bree 1847). Four localities at Ilfracombe*, 1840, N.Ward (Ward 1841); Ilfracombe*, T.F.Ravenshaw (Ravenshaw 1860); Asplenium × jacksonii
A New Flora of Devon 129 Aspleniaceae
VC4 SX37 Endsleigh, SX391793, 2011, R.M.H.Hodgson. SX69 Skaigh, SX631939, 1996, N.F.Stewart & T.D.Dines ; 2007, R.E.N.Smith. Belstone, SX620936, 2010, R.M.H.Hodgson ; by the Moorgate at SX616933, 2012, R.E.N.Smith . SS41 Torrington Common, SS488198 and SS490188, 1993, W.H.Tucker , SS482199; 1996, W.H.Tucker . SS42 Torrington Common, SS483203, 1992, W.H.Tucker (DA 1993). SS44 Rockham Bay, Mortehoe, SS457457, 1982, J.David ; 1992, W.H.Tucker . SS74 Common on wall/banks along green lane just north of Wilsham, SS755485 to SS754487, 2011, A.Paul (DA 2012).
Map 8. Asplenium obovatum (Lanceolate Spleenwort)
l Asplenium obovatum Viv. Lanceolate Spleenwort – Map 8 Occasional but very local. Native. Near Threatened on the British Red List. A Mediterranean-Atlantic species locally frequent on rocks and hedgebanks on the south coast between Plymouth and Dartmouth, and on the fringes of Dartmoor on the metamorphic aureole. Rare in North Devon with scattered records from the coast and at Great Torrington. Recent records for VC4 are listed. Flora as Asplenium lanceolatum Huds. p.737, Atlas as Asplenium billotii W.Schultz p.5 (56), 1987 onwards (75).
VC4 suitable habitats but is rare east of the Exe where suitable SS22 Hartland, two or three miles inland, 1856, habitat is rare. J.M.Chanter (K). Flora p.748, Atlas p.5 (55), 1987 onwards (56). SS53 Muddiforth [probably Muddiford] near Barnstaple, 1860, C.Jackson (K). VC3 SX85 About 30 plants under trees beside Tuckenhay l Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. Creek, SX819562, 1995 and 2010, R.E.N.Smith & Black Spleenwort C.J.Smith . Very common. Native. It occurs on walls, rocks and Devon SY18 Well above the spray zone on Dunscombe Cliff, banks but not in very acid habitats and is absent from the SY161881, 1980, M.A.Stile ; 1998 and 2010, R.E.N.Smith . Dartmoor tors. It seems to be more common in South Devon. VC4 Flora p.738, Atlas p.5 (1289), 1987 onwards (1085). SS43 Chivenor Royal Marine base, SS4934, 2008, NDBG . l Asplenium obovatum Viv. – see panel above. l Asplenium trichomanes L. Maidenhair Spleenwort l Asplenium marinum L. Common. Native. Found in a wide range of rocky habitats Sea Spleenwort – Map 9 and on walls. Locally common. Native. Almost entirely restricted to sea- cliffs where it is usually subjected to salt spray. It also subsp. trichomanes colonises man-made habitats close to the sea. Notable Restricted to acidic siliceous rocks. Found once in Devon. exceptions are listed below. It occurs on both coasts in Atlas p.5, 1987 onwards (1).
130 A New Flora of Devon Aspleniaceae
Map 9. Asplenium marinum (Sea Spleenwort) Ward’s site by a Miss Hill in 1856 (Plukenet 1857), but there are no later records from this site and it may have been lost due to over-collection.
The only recent records are from a site near Hennock where it has a long history. First reported by W.M.Rogers (1878) from this area where he was shown it by Rev. H.Roberts in 1877. W.K.Martin saw it there in 1938 and it was ‘re-discovered’ by Molly Spooner in 1982 and again by Margaret Bradshaw and Sue Goodfellow in 1985 during a Hypericum linariifolium survey. Sue Goodfellow relocated it again in 1994 when plants where seen in two places. By 2006 the larger of the two plants had disappeared. The remaining plant, consisting of nearly 50 fronds, was still there in 2012. Flora p.740, Atlas p.6 (1), 1987 onwards (1).
VC3 SX88 Netton Cleave, Hennock, 1877, H.Roberts & W.M.Rogers (Rogers 1878, BM , RAMM ); in considerable quantity, 1881, W.M.Rogers & T.R.A.Briggs (Rogers 1882a); W.K.Martin (DA 1938, TOR) ; tetrad SX8280, 1982, M.F.Spooner (Atlas); VC3 1985, M.E.Bradshaw & S.Goodfellow ; 1994, SX58 Tavy Cleave, SX5482, 2008, R.J.Skerrett det . F.J.Rumsey. S.Goodfellow & R.E.N.Smith (DA 1995); and by various recorders since, most recently 2012, subsp. quadrivalens D.E.Mey. R.E.N.Smith & A.J.Byfield . Common. Native. Common throughout the county on mortared walls, rocks, hedgebanks and bridges. VC4 Flora p.739, Atlas p.5 (1045), 1987 onwards (888). SS74 Within six miles of Lynton, 1840, N.Ward (Ward 1841, Flora, BM ); Countisbury, W.S .Hore (Flora). l Asplenium ruta-muraria L. Wall-rue l Asplenium ceterach L. Common. Native. A calcicole common on mortared walls, Rustyback – Map 10 churches, bridges and on limestone rocks. Widely scattered Frequent. Native. On limestone rocks and mortared walls. throughout the county. A calcicole but known from two granite drystone walls on Flora p.739, Atlas p.6 (634), 1987 onwards (546). Dartmoor. Widely distributed but generally more frequent in the south of the county. It may be declining in some l Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm. areas where wall repairs are made using cement rather Forked Spleenwort than lime mortar. Very rare. Nationally Scarce. Native. In crevices on acid Flora p.740, Atlas p.6 (305), 1987 onwards (272). rocks. First recorded in 1840 near Lynton “growing in tolerable plenty in the crevices of a loose stone wall, facing Map 10. Asplenium ceterach (Rustyback) the north, at an elevation of between 1000 and 1100 feet” (Ward 1841). Since Ward was accompanied by W.S.Hore at this time the Countisbury record (Flora) is likely to be the same site. However, Hore (1842) refers to Ward’s record as being further east near Glenthorne. It was seen again at
Forked Spleenwort Asplenium septentrionale
A New Flora of Devon 131 Thelypteridaceae
VC3 Thelypteridaceae SX56 Sheepstor (Moore 1851); lane leading to Sheepstor, 1856, R.J.Grey (Ravenshaw 1860); Sheepstor, T.R.A.Briggs (Briggs 1880); Shaugh Bridge, l Thelypteris palustris Schott F.H.Goulding (Ravenshaw 1860); Meavy Valley, Marsh Fern J.M.Chanter (Ravenshaw 1860). Tetrad SX5468, 1973, Very rare. Nationally Scarce. Native. Mires, fens and reed M.F.Spooner (Atlas); wall near Burrator Lodge, swamps. SX551686, 2013, R.E.N.Smith . Wall near bridge, Flora as Dryopteris thelypteris (L.) A.Gray. p.742, Atlas p.4 Leather Tor, SX568699, 1997, B.Collins (DA 1998); (1), 1987 onwards (0). 2011, T.Purches . East of Norsworthy Plantation, SX571697, 2012, T.Purches . VC3 SX46 Warleigh Wood, SX447608, 1967 and 1968, SX57 Sampford Spiney, (DA 1909); tetrad SX5472, G.M.Lawrence conf . Kew (DA 1969). M.F.Spooner (Atlas) . Vixen Tor, 1863 (Keys 1865-72). SX86 Kingskerswell, Mr.Hayward (Ravenshaw 1872) but Cox Tor, W.S.Hore (Ravenshaw 1860); SX530762, given with a “?” in the Flora. 1996, A.M.Watt ; 2010, A.J.Byfield . White Tor, R.J.Gray SX87 Ideford, B.Cresswell (RAMM ). Newton Abbot, 1882, (Ravenshaw 1860); SX538788, 1994, B.Collins (DA W.Wise (LAUS ); Decoy, Wolborough, 1913, 1995); 1974, M.F.Spooner (Atlas); SX543786, J.J.Ison , C.E.Larter (RAMM , Flora); northern part of 2007 (DA 2008). Staple Tor, 1888, W.Wise (LAUS ); Blackball Plantation, Decoy, 1913, W.P.Hiern (Flora, Great Staple Tor, 1974, M.F.Spooner (Atlas); RAMM ); 2013, R.E.N.Smith & A.J.Byfield (RENS ). SX543759, 2010, R.E.N.Smith & A.J.Byfield . North SX97 Teignmouth, B.Cresswell (Flora). end of Great Staple Tor, SX543760, 2012, R.E.N.Smith SX98 Haldon, Kenn Parish, Mrs.Warne (Flora) . & N.F.Stewart. West of Great Mis Tor, SX559770, 2009, R.E.N.Smith . Great Mis Tor, R.J.Gray VC4 (Ravenshaw 1860); SX5677, 1995, R.M.H.Hodgson , SS21 Welcombe, R.H.Worth (Flora). R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith (DA 1996); SX561770 and SS41 Torrington Carr, 1845, anon. (PLH ). SX560776, 2012, R.E.N.Smith & N.F.Stewart . Leather SS43 Braunton, F.R.Elliston Wright (RAMM ); Swanpool Tor, 1974, M.F.Spooner (Atlas); SX564701, 2002, Marsh, Braunton, 1889-1909, W.P.Hiern (RAMM ); J.Braven . Braunton Marsh, 1904, W.Sharland (BPL ). SX58 By roadside between Wilsworthy and Black Down SS62 Castle Hill, Filleigh, E.Fortescue (Greig 1958). Gate, ca. 1784, F.Drake (Briggs 1884). Brat Tor, SX539857, 2003, R.M.H.Hodgson. East of l Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt Wapsworthy, SX540800, 1995, N.F.Stewart ; 2009, Beech Fern R.E.N.Smith . Tavy Cleave, SX555832, 2008, Rare. Native. In damp woodland and other shaded areas R.J.Skerrett ; SX554831, SX554830, 2010, A.J.Byfield . close to streams and in damp, shaded rocky areas. Most Fur Tor, SX587833, 2003, J.Braven & R.M.H.Hodgson. recent records are from Dartmoor tors where it generally SX66 Shipley Bridge, F.Brent (Flora, RAMM ). Cornwood, occupies west or north facing crevices or pockets of soils at above the waterfall, E.M.Holmes (Keys 1865-72). the base of rock outcrops. Usually in small quantity where Yealm Valley on Dartmoor, 1879, T.R.A.Briggs it occurs but most frequent on Sourton Tors where it (Briggs 1880). occupies at least 18 outcrops. There is only one recent SX67 Longaford Tor, SX6177, 1856, R.J.Gray (Ravenshaw record on Exmoor where it is continuous over 15 m at 1860). Higher White Tor, SX619786, 2011, R.E.N.Smith Parracombe. Atlas records from SX97 and SY01 are & N.F.Stewart . Roadside flush, Hexworthy, tetrad probably errors of transcription or identification. SX6472, 1973, M.F.Spooner & G.M.Spooner ; SX6572, Flora as Dryopteris phegopteris (L.) C. Chr. p.746, Atlas p.4 1997, R.B.Hutchins (DA 1999); SX659721, 2007 and (29), 1987 onwards (23). 2012, R.E.N.Smith . Tetrad SX6874, 1974, M.F.Spooner & G.M.Spooner (Atlas). Tetrad SX6878, 1973, M.F.Spooner (Atlas); edge of ditch, Challacombe, SX691790, 2009, R.E.N.Smith (DA 2010). SX73 Sharpitor, SX728374, 1938, G.T.Fraser (TOR ). Perhaps from the garden at Overbecks. SX76 Ashburton, 1898, H.Saunders (Saunders 1898). Woods at Holne Chase (Stewart 1860). SX77 Under bracken on Haytor Down, 1901, W.K.Martin (Flora, RAMM ). SX78 Becka Falls, Manaton (Jones and Kingston 1829).
VC4 SX58 Arms Tor, SX541863, 2003, R.M.H.Hodgson ; amongst clitter, SX538863, 2005, J.Braven . Sourton, 1895, H.Saunders (Saunders 1898); Sourton Tor, SX5489, Beech Fern Phegopteris connectilis 1952, W.K.Martin (DA 1953); 1997, R.M.H.Hodgson
132 A New Flora of Devon Thelypteridaceae, Woodsiaceae
(Mansel-Pleydell 1874). There has been much debate amongst writers of Dorset and Devon Floras as to which county this record belongs to: ‘Perhaps in Dorset’ (Martin & Fraser 1939), ‘may have been from Devon’ (Bowen 2000). The parish of Hawkchurch was in Dorset until transferred to the county of Devon in 1896. There is no doubt that it lies in VC9 but within the current Devon boundary.
l Oreopteris limbosperma (All.) Holub Lemon-scented Fern – Map 11 Locally frequent. Native. A calcifuge that is most frequent on stream and river banks in the uplands. Common on Dartmoor but less so on Exmoor. It also occurs in the Hare’s Down area and on Gotleigh Moor in the Blackdown Hills. The isolated record from SX84 (BSBI Atlas) needs to be confirmed. Flora as Dryopteris oreopteris (Ehrh.) Max. p.743, Atlas p.4 (138), 1987 onwards (120).
Map 11. Oreopteris limbosperma (Lemon-scented Fern) Lemon-scented Fern Oreopteris limbosperma
(DA 1999); SX543899, 2001 & 2002, J.Braven (DA 2002); SX543899, 2008, R.M.H.Hodgson ; at least 16 colonies SX540898 to SX541899 and SX542898 to SX543898, 2011, N.F.Stewart. North facing slopes facing High Willhayes, Bridestowe & Sourton Commons, 1952, O.Greig (DA 1952); West Okement Valley, SX570882, 2002, J.Braven (DA 2002) . Steng-a- tor, SX568880, 1960, R.J.Skerrett. Tetrad SX5888, 1974, M.F.Spooner (Atlas). SX59 Three colonies on Sourton Tor, SX542900, 2011, N.F.Stewart . West Mill Tor, W.S.M.D’Urban (Flora, RAMM ); 1974, M.F.Spooner ; SX588912, 2002, J.Braven. SX68 Tetrad record, SX6686, 1974, M.F.Spooner (Atlas). SX69 Halstock Wood, SX6093, 1952, O.Greig (DA 1953). Belstone, H.H.Harvey (Flora); Belstone Cleave, SX625934 and SX627935, 2007 , R.E.N.Smith. SS30 Near Parnacott, “not many years ago”, but not refound by W.M.Rogers in 1885 (Rogers 1886). SS32 Woolfardisworthy, 1907, H.H.Harvey (DA 1909). SS54 Ilfracombe (Moore 1851). SS63 Between Kipscombe and Northland Corner, 1908, W.P.Hiern (Flora, RAMM ). Woodsiaceae SS64 Parracombe (Flora, RAMM ). Challacombe, 1908, C.E.Larter (TOR ); Swincombe Rocks, Challacombe, l Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth. 1956, SS694426, C.M.A.Cadell . Trentishoe, SS64, Lady-fern 1957, C.M.A.Cadell (DA 1956). Holwell Rocks, Common. Native. Damp woods and hedgebanks and by SS673432, 2011, M.Rickard. streams and rivers on well-drained acidic soils. More SS73 North Twitchen, 1911 & 1912, W.P.Hiern (DA 1912, frequent in the west of the county. RAMM ). Flora p.745, Atlas p.8 (1223), 1987 onwards (1304). SS74 Challacombe, 1856, R.J.Gray (Ravenshaw 1860, TOR ); C.E.Larter (Flora). Above ruins of lime kiln, l Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman Twitchen, 1889, W.P.Hiern (RAMM ). Coombe above Oak Fern Old Close Quarry, 1896 & 1903, W.P.Hiern (RAMM ). Very rare, probably extinct. Native. A plant of light Long Stone Combe, Challacombe, 1913 & 1915, woodland and shaded stream banks and gullies. Always W.P.Hiern (RAMM ); SS701428, 1955, C.M.A.Cadell. rare, with a few scattered records, but not seen in Devon for many years, although it has recently been found in VC9 Cornwall. ST30 In a boggy piece of ground in Hawkchurch, in a Flora as Dryopteris linnaeana C.Chr. p.745, Atlas p.8, 1987 copse amongst bushes and trees, Mr. Moly onwards (0).
A New Flora of Devon 133 Woodsiaceae
VC3 VC3 SX58 Tavy Cleave, 1888, J.D.Prickman (as noted on the SX45 Woodside, Plymouth, E.M.Holmes (Ravenshaw specimen from Blackator Copse in RAMM ). 1872, where it is said to have been confirmed by SX65 Lane between Harford and Ivybridge, 1858, J.Gray T.R.A.Briggs but Briggs (1880) refused to confirm (Ravenshaw 1860). this). SX66 Cornwood Moors, 1861, J.B.Yonge (Briggs 1880). SX46 Morwellham Quay, SX4469, 1997, N.F.Stewart & SX67 Two Bridges (Flora) . Wistman’s Wood, 1898, R.FitzGerald . H.Saunders (Saunders 1898). SX47 Tavistock, near New Bridge, 1934, DAB (DA 1935). SX73 Sharpitor, Salcombe, probably planted, SX7338, SX56 Bickleigh Vale, E.M.Holmes (Ravenshaw 1872, where 1938, J.F.Chapple (OXF ). it is said to have been confirmed by T.R.A.Briggs SX78 Manaton, 1902 (Flora, RAMM ). but Briggs (1880) refused to confirm this). SX65 Cornwood, between 1865 and 1879, T.R.A.Briggs VC4 (Briggs 1880). SX58 Blackator Copse, 1888, J.D.Prickman (Flora, SX86 Marldon, C.E.Larter (Flora) . RAMM ). SX99 Exwick, on wet rock, J.Jacob (Jones & Kingston 1829). SS20 Wall, Bridgerule, escaped from cultivation (Rogers ST00 ST0907, before 1940, anon. (BM ). 1886). SS54 Ilfracombe, J.M.Chanter (Ravenshaw 1860); 1892, VC4 A.Baker (PTH ). SS14 Lundy, before 1925 (Flora). SS63 By stream between Knightacott and South SS44 Mortehoe, SS4445, 1984, H.J.M.Bowen . Borough Stowford, 1915, W.P.Hiern (Flora, RAMM ). West Valley Woods, SS4844, 1984, H.J.M.Bowen. Buckland, 1889, W.K.Martin (Flora). SS54 Near Ilfracombe, J.M.Chanter (Ravenshaw 1860); SS64 Challacombe, F.H.Dempster (Ravenshaw 1860). Lane hectad SS54, 1947, anon. (BSBI Atlas). southwest of Parracombe, 1885 and 1903, W.P.Hiern SS61 Eggesford, W.P.Hiern (Flora, RAMM ). (RAMM ); Parracombe, F.A.Brokenshire (Flora). SS63 High Bray, 1909, anon. (DA 1909); F.A.Brokenshire (Flora). l Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. SS64 Swincombe rocks, Challacombe, F.A.Brokenshire Brittle Bladder-fern (Flora, RAMM ); on a ruined building, SS697427, Very rare. Native. On shaded rocks on basic soils and in 1982; one plant, 1996, W.H.Tucker (DA 1983). mortared walls. There are few scattered records and only SS74 Lynton, W.P.Hiern (Flora). two reliable reports in recent years. The plants recorded in SS82 West Anstey, before 1894, E.V.Freeman (DA 1927). the old railway cutting near Tavistock have been SS91 Limestone rocks near Tiverton, F.Mackenzie re-identified as Cystopteris diaphana . Plants occurring in (Ravenshaw 1860). damp acid habitats should be critically examined. Flora p.741, Atlas p.7 (3), 1987 onwards (1). Also recorded in VC4 : SS73 (BSBI Atlas).
l Cystopteris diaphana (Bory) Blasdell Diaphanous Bladder-fern Very rare. Vulnerable on the British Red List. Native in Britain but status in Devon uncertain. First described as a native British plant in Cornwall in 2000 (Murphy & Rumsey 2005). Plants found growing on the very damp and shaded vertical side of an old railway cutting at Tavistock, where it had been known for many years and thought to have been Cystopteris fragilis , were re-examined and confirmed by F.J.Rumsey as C. diaphana . Another population has been found further south along the same railway track. Specimens collected near Ilfracombe (VC4) by J.M.Chanter were determined as this species by Thomas Moore (Ravenshaw 1860, Keys 1871). However, Chanter’s specimens, collected in 1869, have been found in Moore’s fern herbarium at K and are best referred to as C. fragilis (Rumsey 2007). 1987 onwards (2).
VC3 SX47 Railway cutting at Tavistock, SX4774, R.M.H.Hodgson & M.F.Spooner , 1991 (DA 1992 as C. fragilis ); SX475743; 2003, R.Hutchins det . F.J.Rumsey (DA 2004) and by several recorders since. Crowndale, SX472733, 2005, F.R.Jeffery & Diaphanous Bladder-fern Cystopteris diaphana R.M.H.Hodgson.
134 A New Flora of Devon Blechnaceae, Onocleaceae, Dryopteridaceae
Map 12. Blechnum spicant (Hard-fern) Blechnaceae l Blechnum spicant (L.) Roth Hard-fern – Map 12 Very common. Native. A calcifuge. Very common in woods, hedgebanks, heaths, quarries, scrub and on tors, reaching 580 m on Dartmoor. Rare on the Permian and Triassic rocks and on the Devonian Limestones. Flora p.737, Atlas p.8 (1202), 1987 onwards (1105). l Blechnum cordatum (Desv.) Hieron Greater Hard-fern Extinct. Introduced, a neophyte; native in southern South America. Often planted in gardens from where it very rarely escapes. 1987 onwards (0).
VC4 SS32 Clovelly Court, SS3124, 1966, anon. (BSBI Atlas). SS54 Ladies Wood, Combe Martin, 1945, H.W.Pugsley (DA 1946). SX75 Harberton, Cholwell Cross, SX7859,1995, L.J.Margetts & L.M.Spalton (DA 1996); between Onocleaceae SX791595 and SX792596, 2012, R.E.N.Smith. SY09 Rockbeare, SY014957, 2009, J.J.Ison. Street Raleigh, SY046953, 2011, J.J.Ison. l Onoclea sensibilis L. SS91 Howden Court, Tiverton, SS948115, 2004, J.J.Ison. Sensitive Fern ST00 Paradise Copse, ST0101, 1987, L.J. Margetts; Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of North ST010016, 2004, L.J.Margetts & J.J.Ison. Colliton America and eastern Asia. Grown in gardens and Cross-Mouse Hole, ST0802, Cullompton road near sometimes naturalised. Upton turn, ST0903, between White Down and 1987 onwards (1). Langford, ST0102, 1987, all L.J.Margetts (DA 1986). The Wilderness, Broadhembury, ST093031, 2003, VC3 J.J.Ison. SS90 Bunneford Cross, SS9806, 1997, L.J.Margetts & ST01 Grand Western Canal, ST0718, 1985, L.J.Margetts L.M.Spalton (DA 1998). conf. B.S.Croxall (DA 1986, K); ST017130, ST071181 and ST070190, 2004, J.J.Ison. Hunkin Wood, Culmstock, ST081137, 2009, J.J.Ison. Dryopteridaceae ST10 Upottery, ST1907, Luppitt, ST1706, Marlecombe, Broadhembury, ST1103, 1985, all L.J.Margetts (DA l Polystichum setiferum (Forssk.) T.Moore ex Woyn. 1986) . Soft Shield-fern Common. Native. Shaded hedgebanks and deciduous VC4 woodlands on moist but freely draining neutral to SX58 Quarry, Stone, SX502892, 1995, W.H.Tucker (DA calcareous soils where it is found up to about 250 m. 1996) . Absent from upland areas on Dartmoor and Exmoor. SS41 Torrington, SS484198, 2001, W.H.Tucker. Flora p.742, Atlas p.7 (1059), 1987 onwards (1312). SS53 Marwood, Milltown Road, 1961, C.M.A.Cadell det. Kew (DA 1962). l Polystichum × bicknellii (H.Christ) Hahne. SS61 Chulmleigh, SS659173, 1997, C.E.Stenger & (P. setiferum × P. aculeatum ). W.H.Tucker. Kingford Cross, SS623192, 1996, Native. Scattered records throughout the county W.H.Tucker. sometimes in the absence of P. aculeatum . Probably SS72 Whitechapel Woods, Bishop’s Nympton, SS72, 1961, under-recorded. C.M.A.Cadell. Flora p.742, Atlas p.8, 1987 onwards (25). SS73 Heasley Mill, SS738328, 1997, W.H.Tucker & C.E.Stenger. VC3 SS74 Lynton, 1917, G.C.Druce (Druce 1918a) . East Lyn SX54 Noss Mayo, SX545475, 2008, R.E.N.Smith conf. valley, Countisbury, 1864, T.Stansfield (Flora). L.J.Margetts. SS92 Highleigh Quarry, SS923231, 2003, N.F.Stewart. SX55 Plympton St Maurice, SX547552, 2007, P.D.Pullen Bampton, SS960218, 1986, W.H.Tucker . Kersdown conf. L.J.Margetts. Quarry, SS963221, L.J.Margetts , 1986, (DA 1987).
A New Flora of Devon 135 Dryopteridaceae
Sparkhayne, SS974213: Pipshayne, SS973214; Map 13. Polystichum aculeatum (Hard Shield-fern) Shillingford, SS984248, all 2012, J.J.Ison . ST01 Near Hockworthy, ST042192, 1986, L.J.Margetts (DA 1986). Westleigh Quarry, ST0516, 1989, L.J.Margetts (DA 1990).
Also recorded in VC3 : SX98 , SX99 , ST11 and VC4 : SS51 , SS91 (BSBI Atlas). l Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth Hard Shield-fern – Map 13 Occasional. Native. On hedgebanks and in woods on base rich soils and rocks. Rather sparsely scattered in the county and rarely abundant at any location. Flora p.741, Atlas p.7 (122), 1987 onwards (97). l Cyrtomium fortunei J.Sm. Fortune’s Holly-fern Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in eastern Asia. Never far from gardens.
VC3 SX76 Possibly planted by a footpath at Staverton, SX790639, 2011, S.Wyne det. F.J.Rumsey as subsp. VC3 fortunei (DA 2012). SX54 Wembury, SX538492, 1994 and 1995, L.J.Margetts & L.M.Spalton conf. H.Corley (DA 1996). VC4 SX75 Tetrad record, SX7058, 1978, M.Rickard (Atlas). SS64 On garden wall at Heddon Hall, SS673451, 2011, SX77 Tetrad records, SX7876 and SX7878, 1978, M.Rickard M.Rickard . (Atlas). SX78 Tetrad record, SX7488, 1978, M.Rickard (Atlas). l Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott SX85 1945, A.H.G.Alston (BM ); Dartmouth, SX8751, Male-fern I.Manton det. H.Corley (BM ). Very common. Native. Common and widespread, SX87 Tetrad record, SX8678, 1978, M.Rickard (Atlas). predominately in hedgebanks and less commonly in woods where the D. affinis agg. is more frequent. A Also recorded in VC4 : SS44, SS54, SS64 (BSBI Atlas). notable feature of Devon banks. Absent only from the highest moorland. l Dryopteris affinis agg. Flora p.743, Atlas p.7 (1566), 1987 onwards (1506). Scaly Male-fern Common. Native. Very common in woodlands and l Dryopteris × complexa agg. Fraser-Jenk. hedgebanks but absent from the high moorland. Following D. affinis agg. × D. filix-mas the revision of the D. affinis aggregate in Europe by Fraser- Very rare. Native. Only a few records. Perhaps Jenkins (2007) three species are known to occur in Devon. under-recorded. Most records do not differentiate between the species. 1987 onwards (1). Flora as D. filix-mas var. paleacea (D. Don) Druce p.743, Atlas p.7 (915), 1987 onwards (1143).
l Dryopteris affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenk. Golden-scaled Male-fern – Map 14 Frequent. Native. Probably the commonest species of the aggregate in western Britain and increasingly recognised. The recorded distributions of this and the next two species possibly represent the practices of individual recorders in different parts of the county in recording the species rather than the aggregate. Of the three described subspecies only subsp . affinis occurs in Devon. 1987 onwards (161).
l Dryopteris borreri (Newman) Newman ex Oberh. & Tavel Borrer’s Male-fern – Map 15 Occasional. Native. Probably commoner in eastern Britain than in the west. Increasingly recognised in the county. Hard Shield-fern Polystichum aculeatum 1987 onwards (78).
136 A New Flora of Devon Dryopteridaceae
Map 14. Dryopteris affinis (Golden-scaled Male-fern) Map 16. Dryopteris cambrensis (Narrow Male-fern)
Map 15. Dryopteris borreri (Borrer’s Male-fern) Map 17. Dryopteris aemula (Hay-scented Buckler-fern)
l Dryopteris cambrensis (Fraser-Jenk.) Beitel & W.R.Buck and in South Devon in Andrews Wood, SX7051. Narrow Male-fern – Map 16 Flora p.745, Atlas p.8 (94), 1987 onwards (81). Rare. Native. Believed to be commoner in western and northern Britain (Stace 2010), but there are relatively few records from Devon. 1987 onwards (14). l Dryopteris aemula (Aiton) Kuntze Hay-scented Buckler-fern – Map 17 Occasional. Native. On permanently moist but freely draining soils in places where humidity is maintained all year round in damp sheltered woodlands and hedgebanks and on sheltered southwest facing ledges on a number of Dartmoor tors. It has been found at 520 m on Kit Rocks, SX612827. It is very much an ‘Atlantic’ species and in Devon is most frequent in the west and north. It is moderately common on the Exmoor coast and on Lundy Hay-scented Buckler-fern Dryopteris aemula
A New Flora of Devon 137 Dryopteridaceae, Polypodiaceae l Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill) H. P. Fuchs l Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray Narrow Buckler-fern – Map 18 Broad Buckler-fern Occasional. Native. Scattered records from across the Very common. Native. In woods, hedgebanks, on tors and county in wet woodland, fens, marshes and wet heaths. rocks, heaths and moors. It extends to 600 m on Dartmoor. Appears to be rare in the far north. Flora p.744, Atlas p.8 (1415), 1987 onwards (1403). Flora as Dryopteris spinulosa (Muell.) O. Kuntze p.744, Atlas p.8 (62), 1987 onwards (65). Polypodiaceae Map 18. Dryopteris carthusiana (Narrow Buckler-fern) l Polypodium vulgare L. Common Polypody Very common. Native. Widespread in the county in hedgebanks, on acid rocks and as an epiphyte on trees (esp. Quercus spp .). The most exposure- and acid-tolerant of the three Polypodium species. All mapped Atlas records should be regarded as P. vulgare s.l. Flora p.747, Atlas p.9 (1669), 1987 onwards (496).
l Polypodium × mantoniae Rothm. & U.Schneid. P. interjectum × P. vulgare Native. Almost certainly under-recorded with only a few records. Atlas p.9, 1987 onwards (6).
VC3 SY19 Roncombe Gate, Sidbury, SY1694, 1984, L.J.Margetts (DA 1985). ST00 Paradise Copse, ST0101, 1987, L.J.Margetts. White Down Copse, ST0102 and Grange Cross, near Broadhembury, ST0904, 1987, both L.J.Margetts (DA l Dryopteris × deweveri (J.T.Jansen) Jansen & Wacht. 1998). D. carthusiana × D. dilatata ST10 Near Broadhembury, 1986, L.J.Margetts (DA 1987). Native. Very rare but probably under-recorded. Occurs ST11 North of Hemyock, 1986, L.J.Margetts (DA 1987). with both parents or in the absence of one, usually D. carthusiana . VC4 SS40 Black Torrington Bridge, SS469062, 2008, VC3 R.M.H.Hodgson. SX45 1877, anon. det. A.C.Jermy (BM , BSBI Atlas). SS70 Woolsgrove, SS792023, 2003, N.F.Stewart & SX78 Tetrad record, SX7488, 1978, M.Rickard (Atlas). R.J.Stewart. SX87 Rora Wood, Liverton, SX803752, 1999, R.E.N.Smith conf . F.J.Rumsey (DA 2000, RENS ). Also recorded in VC3 : SX88 , SY08 , SY09 , SY18 , SY29 , ST11 Gotleigh Moor, ST192110, 2000, R.E.N.Smith. SS80 , ST20 and VC4 : SS14 (BSBI Atlas).
VC4 l Polypodium interjectum Shivas SX59 Prewley Moor, SX5391, 2010, R.E.N.Smith conf . Intermediate Polypody F.J.Rumsey (RENS ). Common. Native. Probably the commonest Polypody in the county. In a wide range of habitats including walls, as an epiphyte and especially on Devon banks. It is not found in very acid habitats. Flora, not differentiated, Atlas p.9, 1987 onwards (1225).
l Polypodium cambricum L. – see panel opposite.
l Polypodium × shivasiae Rothm. P. interjectum × P. cambricum Very rare. Native. There is one record of this hybrid in Devon. 1987 onwards (1).
VC3 SX55 Radford Lake, Plymstock, SX5052, 2008, T.Purches Narrow Buckler-fern Dryopteris carthusiana det. R.J.Cooke.
138 A New Flora of Devon Polypodiaceae
l Polypodium cambricum L. SS43 Braunton, at top road-side bank, SS4836, Southern Polypody – Map 19 F.R.Elliston Wright conf. A.C.Jermy (DA 1963). Occasional. Native. A strict calcicole largely restricted to SS74 Horner’s Neck Wood, Watersmeet, SS745488, rocks and walls in the limestone areas of South Devon. 2007, M.Jannink conf. G.Hutchinson (DA 2008, Very rarely found on trees in its core areas around NMW ). Plymouth and Torbay. The outlying populations at Tavistock and at Westleigh in the far east of the county Map 19. Polypodium cambricum (Southern Polypody) are both on limestone, those near East Prawle on mica- schist. In North Devon there are three records, from Braunton, Bideford and Watersmeet. Isolated populations are listed below. Flora p. 747 (where P. vulgare L. var. serratum Willd . probably includes this taxon), Atlas p.9 as P. australe Fee., 1987 onwards (60).
VC3 SX47 Tavistock, SX481743, 1983, L.J.Margetts (DA 1984); 1988, R.M.H.Hodgson ; 1992, L.J.Margetts. SX73 On walls south of East Prawle, SX783359, SX783360, 2009, R.E.N.Smith (RENS ). ST01 Wall by church at Sampford Peverell, ST0214, 1986, L.J.Margetts (DA 1987). Walls near Westleigh Quarry, 1985, ST0617, W.H.Tucker (DA 1986); 2004, J.J.Ison & L.J.Margetts .
VC4 SS42 Cliffs by River Torridge at Northam, SS459288, 2008, R.M.H.Hodgson (DA 2009).
Southern Polypody Polypodium cambricum
A New Flora of Devon 139 Pinaceae
l Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco Pinaceae Douglas Fir Frequent. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of western North America. Very widely planted as specimen trees and l Abies alba Mill. in sheltered sites on well aerated freely draining soils for European Silver-fir commercial timber production. Frequently naturalises. Occasional. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of central and Atlas p.10 (46), 1987 onwards (360). southern Europe. Specimen trees are found in parks and large gardens. Not planted commercially due to its l Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. susceptibility to severe aphid attack. Widespread in the Western Hemlock-spruce county but rarely naturalises. Frequent. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of the Pacific 1987 onwards (54). coast of North America. Frequently planted for commercial timber production and commonly naturalises. l Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach Caucasian Fir Atlas p.10, 1987 onwards (182). Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of the western Caucasus. Rarely planted, recorded twice in VC3. l Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière 1987 onwards (2). Sitka Spruce Frequent. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of western l Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl. North America. Extensively planted for commercial timber Giant Fir production, especially on poorer soils in high rainfall Rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of western North areas, and regularly naturalises. America. Occasionally planted for commercial timber Atlas p.9, 1987 onwards (232). production in both vice-counties and recorded from 16 hectads in VC3 and eight in VC4. Sometimes naturalises. l Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. 1987 onwards (30). Norway Spruce Frequent. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of Europe and l Abies procera Rehder western Asia. Widely planted for commercial timber Noble Fir production and sometimes naturalises. Rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of the Pacific coast Atlas p.9, 1987 onwards (163). of North America. Occasionally planted in both vice- counties for commercial timber production, though much l Picea glauca (Moench) Voss less frequently than A. grandis , and as specimen trees. White Spruce Occasionally naturalises. Recorded from seven hectads in Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of North VC3 and four in VC4. America. Recorded once in the Crediton area of VC3. 1987 onwards (12). 1987 onwards (1).
l Larix decidua Mill. European Larch Frequent. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of the Alps and eastern Europe. Commonly planted for timber, but less so than formerly, and often naturalises. The proportions of Larix species in Devon are estimated to be about 10% L. decidua , 20% L. × marschlinsii and 70 % L. kaempferi with no commercial planting of L. decidua in the last 20 years (Forestry Commission pers. comm., 2013). Atlas p.9 (330), 1987 onwards (142).
l Larix × marschlinsii Coaz L. decidua × L. kaempferi Hybrid Larch Frequent. Native. Following the introduction of L. kaempferi in proximity to L. decidua at Dunkeld House, Perthshire in 1885, seed collected and sown in 1904 gave rise to this exceptionally vigorous hybrid. May backcross or arise again where parents grow together. Very common in plantations in Devon. Atlas as L. × eurolepis Henry, p.10, 1987 onwards (104).
l Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière Japanese Larch Monterey Pine Pinus radiata Occasional. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of Japan.
140 A New Flora of Devon Pinaceae, Araucariaceae
Commonly planted commercially for timber production l Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon and often naturalises. L. kaempferi is a significant host of Lodgepole Pine the fungus-like pathogen Phytophthora ramorum in Rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of western North Southwest England, which produces much higher America. Occasionally planted for commercial timber quantities of disease-carrying spores from this species, production on the poorest soils. Recorded from 19 hectads when actively growing in spring and summer, than it does in VC3 and ten in VC4. from Rhododendron spp., its principal host in other parts of Atlas p.10, 1987 onwards (30). the country. Whilst P. ramorum also affects L. decidua and L. × marschlinsii the programme of clear felling to control the l Pinus pinaster Aiton disease has concentrated on L. kaempferi as it is the most Maritime Pine commonly occurring species. Rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of the Atlas p.10 (48), 1987 onwards (95). Mediterranean. Occasionally planted, especially near the sea. Generally uncommon, most records are from South l Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D. Don) G. Don Devon. Recorded from 14 hectads in VC3 and three in Deodar VC4. Rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of the Himalayas. A 1987 onwards (17). number of scattered records of planted trees mainly from the south of the county. Recorded from 25 hectads in VC3 l Pinus radiata D. Don and three in VC4. Monterey Pine 1987 onwards (28). Occasional. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of coastal California. Planted as specimen trees and in shelterbelts, l Cedrus libani A. Rich. often on field boundaries. Commonest in South Devon Cedar of Lebanon and extensively naturalised by the Otter estuary, SY0782, Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of Lebanon and 2004, L.J.Margetts. southern Turkey. Sometimes planted in parks and large 1987 onwards (97). gardens. Recorded from five hectads in VC3 and two in VC4. l Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson & C.Lawson 1987 onwards (7). Western Yellow-pine Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of the Rocky l Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Carrière Mountains. Occasionally planted in parks. Recorded once Atlas Cedar in VC3. Occasional. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of the Atlas 1987 onwards (1). Mountains of Algeria and Morocco. Planted in parks and large gardens, mostly in South and East Devon. Recorded l Pinus strobus L. from 30 hectads in VC3 and one in VC4. Weymouth Pine 1987 onwards (31). Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of eastern North America. Occasionally planted in parks and large l Pinus sylvestris L. gardens. There are three records from VC3 and two from Scots Pine VC4. Common. Introduced in Devon but native in Scotland and 1987 onwards (5). across Europe from Scandinavia to central Spain. Widely planted in the county in plantations, in hedgebanks and as l Pinus peuce Griseb. specimen trees. It commonly naturalises and can be Macedonian Pine invasive on heathland in the absence of grazing. Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of mountains in Flora p.734, Atlas p.10 (616), 1987 onwards (620). the southern Balkans. Recorded once in VC3. 1987 onwards (1). l Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold subsp. nigra Austrian Pine Araucariaceae Occasional. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of central and southwestern Europe. Planted in shelterbelts and as an ornamental, sometimes naturalises. Recorded from 29 l Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch hectads in VC3 and nine in VC4. Monkey-puzzle 1987 onwards (38). Rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of Chile and Argentina. Planted in parks, gardens and occasionally in subsp. laricio Maire rural areas. Rarely naturalises. Recorded from 21 hectads Corsican Pine in VC4 and six in VC4. Occasional. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of Corsica. 1987 onwards (27). Planted for commercial timber production and as an ornamental, sometimes naturalises. Recorded from 34 hectads in VC3 and three in VC4. 1987 onwards (46).
A New Flora of Devon 141 Taxaceae, Cupressaceae
Taxaceae Cupressaceae l Taxus baccata L. l Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. Yew – Map 20 Coastal Redwood Frequent. Native. Perhaps native on chalk and limestone Occasional. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of coastal but commonly planted in churchyards and gardens and California. Occasionally planted in woodland, parks and frequently naturalises in hedges, scrub and on walls. large gardens. Very rarely planted commercially. Recorded Flora p.734, Atlas p.11 (208), 1987 onwards (389). from 23 hectads in VC3 and seven in VC4. 1987 onwards (32). Map 20. Taxus baccata (Yew)
l Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) Buchholz Wellingtonia Rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of the Sierra Nevada mountains of central California. Specimen trees planted in parks, large gardens and churchyards. Recorded from 25 hectads in VC3 and five in VC4. 1987 onwards (30).
l Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. Swamp Cypress Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of the southeastern North America. Recorded once in VC4. 1987 onwards (1).
l Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don Japanese Red-cedar Rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of Japan. Specimen trees are found in parks and large gardens. Sometimes planted in forestry plantations but rarely naturalises. Recorded from 20 hectads in VC3 and four in VC4. 1987 onwards (26).
l Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. ex Gordon Monterey Cypress Occasional. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of California. Planted in gardens, parks, roadsides and churchyards. Recorded from 31 hectads in VC3 and 25 in VC4. 1987 onwards (79).
l × Cuprocyparis leylandii (A. B. Jacks. & Dallim.) Farjon Cupressus macrocarpa × Xanthocyparis nootkatensis Leyland Cypress Occasional. A naturally occurring hybrid between Xanthocyparis nootkatensis and Cupressus macrocarpa first found at Leighton Hall near Welshpool, Powys, in 1888. Now planted in hedges and as screening for agricultural and commercial buildings, found more or less throughout the county. 1987 onwards (57).
l Xanthocyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Farjon & D. K. Harder Nootka Cypress Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of western North America. An ornamental species recorded in three hectads in VC3. 1987 onwards (3).
Yew Taxus baccata
142 A New Flora of Devon Cupressaceae, Nymphaeaceae l Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray bis) Parl. Lawson’s Cypress Frequent. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of western North America. Extensively planted for hedging, shelterbelts, ornamental purposes and for commercial timber production. Commonly naturalises. Widespread across the county. 1987 onwards (113). l Chamaecyparis pisifera (Siebold & Zucc.) Siebold & Zucc. Sawara Cypress Rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of Japan. Recorded from 16 hectads in VC3 and one in VC4. 1987 onwards (17). l Thuja plicata Donn ex D.Don Western Red-cedar Occasional. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of western North America. Planted throughout the county as an ornamental and for commercial timber production. Often naturalises. 1987 onwards (87). White Water-lily Nymphaea alba l Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper introductions. It was first noted on the Grand Western Very rare. Introduced in Devon from other parts of the Canal (where it is still frequent) in 1909 (RAMM) but Hiern British Isles, where native. There are two old hectad considered it “perhaps not native” (DA 1920). At Slapton records from VC3 and a more recent one, from VC4, at Ley it was first noted in 1913 (DA 1913) and the Flora notes Great Hangman, SS6048, 1993, National Trust . it as “doubtless recently planted” there. There were still 1987 onwards (1). substantial patches at the southern end of the Ley in the early 2000s but it was last seen in 2005 and the reasons for its sudden disappearance are unknown. There has been a Nymphaeaceae similar dramatic, but unexplained disappearance from the open water at Stover Lake where it was very abundant across the lake in 2005. l Nymphaea alba L. White Water-lily – Map 21 The Flora added a few records but suggested that it was Occasional. Introduced; from other areas of Great Britain. possibly native only around the River Clyst. However, the Ponds, lakes and canals, widely scattered across the earliest record from here was one of the localities described county. Commonly planted, particularly in newly dug as “probably introduced” by Ravenshaw (1860). It is ponds where it is often placed for ornament or as shade for fish. In many cases a pinkish or yellowish tinge to the Map 21. Nymphaea alba (White Water-lily) flowers are a clear indication that plants are garden cultivars but many of the large white flowered plants are also of garden origin. These are given the group name Nymphaea × marliacea W.Watson. Among these introductions, it is unclear which, if any, sites in the county are of natural origin. It was first recorded in Jones & Kingston (1829) from “marshes and canals at Powderham” (where it still occurs in small quantity on the Exeter Canal) but they add that it was “hardly wild”. Ravenshaw (1860) gives three new localities (two from Cullen (1849)) but concludes that it was “probably introduced”. The only other documented 19 th century locality was a pond near Trusham where it was planted (Rogers 1880).
The cultivation of water lilies became of much greater interest to gardeners in the 1880s when the French botanist Joseph Latour-Marliac made a breakthrough in the creation of cultivars (Slocum & Robinson 1996). A few further records in the wild started to occur after 1909 and at least some of these were recorded as definite or possible
A New Flora of Devon 143 Nymphaeaceae, Aristolochiaceae, Lauraceae therefore likely that this species is introduced to Devon, SS60 Spires Lake, probably planted, SS645007, 1999, especially as it is a showy plant that was unlikely to have W.H.Tucker . been overlooked by 19 th and early 20 th century botanists. SS72 Bishop’s Nympton, SS779260, 2008, E.Townsend. There has been a significant increase in the number of SS81 Cruwys Morchard, possibly introduced, SS875121, records since the Atlas which is probably connected to the 2006, J.J.Ison . creation of ponds for angling and the availability of plants SS91 Tetrad SS9612, 1978, M.A.Stile (Atlas); Tetrad in garden centres. It ascends to 390 m altitude in a quarry SS9812, 1977, M.A.Stile (Atlas). Both records pond near Haytor (DA 1989). probably from the Grand Western Canal. Flora p.80, Atlas p.40 (23), 1987 onwards (73). VC9 l Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. ST30 Tetrad ST3200, 1978, NVC Survey (Atlas). Tetrad Yellow Water-lily ST3202, 1975, J.G.Keylock (Atlas). Tetrad ST3202, Rare. Native. Frequent in the lower parts of the River 1976, T.J.Wallace (Atlas). All records probably from Clyst, where it has been for at least 180 years, but not seen the River Axe. for some years in the Rivers Axe, Otter or Exe. It has been recorded from the Exeter and Grand Western Canals but Also recorded in VC3 : SX55 (BSBI Atlas). does not seem to have been common in either and was last seen in 1980 and 1992 respectively. There are also a scattering of records elsewhere from ponds and Aristolochiaceae ornamental lakes and it is likely that most, if not all, of these are introductions. However, it is much less frequently planted than the White Water-lily cultivars. l Asarum europaeum L. Flora p.79, Atlas p.40 (13), 1987 onwards (13). Asarabacca Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of Europe. VC3 Grown in gardens and reported as naturalising in woods and SX46 Tetrad SX4460, 1978, H.A.Sandford (Atlas). hedges. There is one recent record from West Alvington. SX68 Dartmoor (Rowe 1896). Gidleigh, SX6788, 2009, Flora p.571, Atlas p.20, 1987 onwards (1). R.E.N.Smith. SX76 Staverton “not in River Dart and not indigenous we VC3 presume” (DA 1912). SX45 Ham Woods, Plymouth, planted in a quarry, SX98 SX9687, 1955, anon. (Atlas); Exminster Marshes, SX4657, pre-1832, C.T.Collins (Briggs 1872). SX9587, 1999, A.Bellamy . River Clyst, Highfield SX74 West Alvington, Easton Road, SX7243, 2001, R.Hall. Farm, SX9689 and SX9789, 2007, DAB (DA 2008). SX85 Weston Lane, Truestreet, SX8159, S.Hannaford SX99 River Exe (Ravenshaw 1860). Near Exeter, (Hannaford 1851). H.Saunders (Saunders 1901). Heavitree, 1910, SX96 Torquay (Flora, RAMM ). W.P.Hiern (BSBI Atlas). Exeter Canal, Gabriel’s Wharf, SX925913, 1980, B.P.Thurlow . River Clyst, l Aristolochia clematitis L. near Bishops Clyst Bridge (Jones & Kingston 1829) Birthwort and at intervals since in this area (in tetrads SX9690 Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of Europe. It and SX9692), including in the mill stream (Flora, has been grown medicinally and reported as persisting on Atlas, TOR , RAMM ); still present in 2007, rough ground. The Flora records are thought to be garden SX971911, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith and 2009, plants. SX9792, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith . River Clyst, Flora p.571, Atlas p.20 (0), 1987 onwards (0). Broadclyst, 1925, R.Waterfield (Flora). Tetrad SX9896, 1977, M.A.Stile (Atlas). River Culm, VC3 Columbjohn, SX9599, 2007, R.E.N.Smith & SX45 Devonport, F.Brent (Flora, RAMM ). C.J.Smith . SX98 Powderham, F.Brent (Flora). SS80 Shobrooke Park Lakes, SS854013 and SS855014, 1995, N.F.Stewart (DA 1997). VC4 SY08 Bystock Pools reserve, SY0384, 2005, R.Hamling & SS43 Braunton, tetrad SS4436, 1973, J.Collman (Atlas). E.Hamling . Tetrad SY0988, 1956, anon. (Atlas). SY09 River Otter, Ottery St Mary (Cullen 1849). SY19 SY1694, 1978, NVC Survey (Atlas). Lauraceae SY29 River Axe, 1875, G.P.R.Pulman (Flora). Near Axminster (Saunders 1908). Tetrad SY2892, 1976, M.Parkinson (Atlas). l Laurus nobilis L. ST01 Grand Western Canal, Sampford Peverell, Bay – Map 22 G.R.A.Watts (Flora). Occasional. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of the Mediterranean. Commonly bird-sown in hedges and on VC4 cliffs and sometimes as a garden throw-out. Found mainly SS51 Ebberley House, SS565184, 1996, W.H.Tucker . in southern coastal districts. SS54 SS5146, 1955, anon. (Atlas). 1987 onwards (75).
144 A New Flora of Devon Lauraceae, Ceratophyllaceae, Papaveraceae
Map 22. Laurus nobilis (Bay) Map 23. Ceratophyllum demersum (Rigid Hornwort)
frequent and it is now widely but sparsely distributed Ceratophyllaceae across the county, frequent only in the Bovey Basin, Exminster Marshes, Exeter Canal and Grand Western Canal. It reaches 390 m altitude in a quarry pool near l Ceratophyllum demersum L. Haytor (SX7577) (DA 1989). Rigid Hornwort – Map 23 Flora p.593, Atlas p.40 (19), 1987 onwards (32). Occasional. Native. Submerged in ditches, ponds, canals, lakes and sluggish sections of rivers. This used to be a rare l Ceratophyllum submersum L. species in the county but has become more frequent in Soft Hornwort recent decades. This is due to an increase in nutrient levels Very rare. Native. Only known from Slapton Ley, where it in our fresh waters as Rigid Hornwort is often an indicator was recorded on several occasions in the Lower Ley of intermediate levels of nutrient enrichment. It was first between 1959 and 1971. A single plant was recorded recorded in Flora Devoniensis from Clyst Bridge (SX99), subsequently in the Higher Ley in 2002. Both the Lower where it was recorded again in 1992 (B.Benfield). E.Parfitt and Higher Leys have been looked at regularly for aquatic recorded it from the River Exe below Exeter (SX99) in 1849 plants in recent years and its occurrence at Slapton seems (RAMM , Ravenshaw 1860) but it does not seem to have to have been a transient event. A record from a pond persisted there. It was next recorded in Slapton Ley (SX84) southwest of Broadnymet in VC4 was incorrectly by H.Evans in 1907 ( BM ) and has been recorded here at attributed to this species (DA 2005). intervals subsequently (still there 2011, N.F.Stewart). It was Atlas p.40 (2), 1987 onwards (1) then recorded in the Tiverton end of the Grand Western Canal (SS91) in 1919-1921 by W.P.Hiern ( RAMM , DA VC3 1920), in a clay pit near Kingsteignton (SX87) by G.T.Fraser SX84 Slapton Ley, 1959, F.Rose (BSBI Atlas); 1961, in 1934 (Flora) and at Horwood (SS52) by an unknown M.C.Hockaday (DA 1962, LIV ); Tetrads SX8242 and recorder in 1937 ( LIV ). Since the 1950s it has become more SX8244, 1969, B.S.Brookes & A.Burns (Brookes & Burns 1969; 1971, J.L.Griffith (Atlas). Not seen on the numerous surveys of the Ley from 1990 onwards. Slapton Higher Ley, one plant at the Cattle Ramp opening, SX829444, 2002, N.F.Stewart det. C.D.Preston (CGE ).
Papaveraceae
l Papaver pseudoorientale (Fedde) Medw. Oriental Poppy Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of southwest Asia. A common garden plant naturalised in a few places. Plants at Strete Gate were originally determined in 1967 as Rigid Hornwort Ceratophyllum demersum P. lateritum K.Koch, now regarded as errors for Papaver
A New Flora of Devon 145 Papaveraceae atlanticum by Stace (2010). However, it is in the same place as plants recorded recently as P. pseudoorientale . 1987 onwards (6).
VC3 SX78 On a roadside at Chagford, SX709876, 1958, R.J.Skerrett. SX84 Naturalised at Strete Gate, SX835455, 1967, M.C.Hockaday ; SX837459, 2004, T.Mundell , 2007, I.Lakin .
VC4 SS43 Instow, SS4731, probably a garden throw-out, 1991, W.H.Tucker .
Also recorded in VC3 : SX56 and VC4 : SS41 (BSBI Atlas). Common Poppy Papaver rhoeas l Papaver atlanticum (Ball) Coss. l Papaver rhoeas L. Atlas Poppy Common Poppy – Map 25 Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of Morocco. Frequent. Introduced, an archaeophyte. Arable fields, Grown in gardens and naturalised in a few places in South waste ground and rubbish tips. Common in South Devon, Devon. other than the Dartmoor area, but only common in the north around Bideford and Barnstaple. It seems to have VC3 decreased in frequency since the Atlas but there are still SX97 Luscombe Hill, on walls, SX942769, 1966, some strongholds particularly in areas with lighter or more R.J.Skerrett. calcareous soils. SY09 Ottery St Mary, church wall-tops, SY098956, 1961, Flora p.81, Atlas p.48 (438), 1987 onwards (282). V.M.Wilkinson (Wallace 1961) . Harpford, on waste ground, SY0990, 1991, L.M.Spalton (DA 1993). l Papaver × hungaricum Borbás P. rhoeas × P. dubium Also recorded in VC3 : SX86 (BSBI Atlas). Extinct. Native. A rarely recorded, perhaps overlooked, sterile hybrid. No recent records and, with the decline in P. Papaver somniferum L. l dubium, the opportunities for this hybrid to form are now Opium Poppy – Map 24 rare. Frequent. Introduced, an archaeophyte. Probably an Flora p.82, Atlas p.48, in both as P. × nicholsoni Druce, 1987 eastern Mediterranean species, known from the British onwards (0). Isles since the Bronze Age. Fairly common as a garden escape on roadsides, waste ground and rubbish tips. There VC3 were only 15 records listed in the Flora. It is now widely SX85 Kingswear, 1931, F.M.Day (DA 1932). distributed in the county. SX95 Brixham, 1918, M.Cobbe (Druce 1919). Flora p.80, Atlas p.47 (108), 1987 onwards (80). SY29 Widworthy, Wilmington quarry, SY211999, 1963, Map 24. Papaver somniferum (Opium Poppy) V.M.Wilkinson det. J.McNaughton (DA 1964).
l Papaver dubium L. Long-headed Poppy – Map 26 Occasional. Introduced, an archaeophyte. Arable fields and waste ground, preferring less acid soils. The considerable decline since the 19 th century reported by Martin & Fraser (1939) appears to have continued since then. Flora p.81, Atlas p.48 (136), 1987 onwards (46).
l Papaver lecoqii Lamotte Yellow-juiced Poppy – Map 27 Rare. Introduced, an archaeophyte. Arable weed, preferring calcareous soils. Most records are from around Plymouth and from the Braunton area in the north. Records made since 1980 are listed. Flora as P. dubium var. lecoqii p.82, Atlas p.48 (5), 1987 onwards (14).
VC3 SS45 Plymouth Hoe cliffs, SX478537, 2006, P.D.Pullen .
146 A New Flora of Devon Papaveraceae
Map 25. Papaver rhoeas (Common Poppy) Map 26. Papaver dubium (Long-headed Poppy)
SX46 Field east of Hallowell Wood, SX467643, 2005, Map 27. P apaver lecoqii ( Yellow-juiced Poppy) N.F.Stewart . SX55 Disturbed ground, Borringdon Hill, SX530580, 2007, P.D.Pullen. Waste ground, Chittleburn Hill, SX541522, 2005, D.Fenwick . By Plymbridge Road, tetrad SX5256, 2006, P.D.Pullen. SX76 Near Buckfastleigh church, SX738667, 1998, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith (DA 1999). SX86 Torbryan churchyard, SX8166, 1996, L.J.Margetts & L.M.Spalton (DA 1997). SX95 Scabbacombe Lane, SX905519, 2013, R.E.N.Smith . Berry Head, SX941561, 2012, D.C.Wood & M.Woods . SY29 Axminster church, SY2998, 1988, L.J.Margetts (DA 1989). ST20 Dalwood, ST248051, 2008. J.J.Ison .
VC4 SS42 North of Silford, SS438283, 2005, N.F.Stewart . Windmill Lane, Northam, SS453291, 2005, N.F.Stewart.
SS43 Croyde, SS4339, 1984, H.J.M.Bowen. Pavement, Assels, SS453302, 2005, N.F.Stewart. SS54 Mullacott Industrial Estate, SS517442, 2004, N.F.Stewart . SS91 Tiverton Market, SS9512, 1999, J.Southey (DA 1998).
Also recorded in VC3 : SY08 (BSBI Atlas).
l Papaver hybridum L. Rough Poppy Very rare. Introduced, an archaeophyte. Arable fields and waste areas. Most records are from the south coast where it was last seen in the 19 th century and from the Braunton area where it was last recorded in 1980. There is one recent record from East Devon. Yellow-juiced Poppy Papaver lecoqii Flora p.83, Atlas p.48 (1), 1987 onwards (1).
A New Flora of Devon 147 Papaveraceae
VC3 SX79 Casual at edge of road, Neopardy, SX796985, 2004, SX45 Plentiful in a field above the fort, Staddon Heights, N.F.Stewart. SX4951, J.S.Tozer (Jones & Kingston 1829, Jacobs SX84 Slapton, Wood Lane, SX8245, 1962, A.Burns . 1835). SX85 Stoke Gabriel, 1942, S.C.Patterson (BSBI Atlas). SX54 Near Langdon, SX5149, 1875. Worswell, 1875. Field SX86 Paignton (Flora, RAMM ). by church, Wembury, 1865. Caulston, SX5647, 1876. SX87 Newton Abbot (Flora). Bovey Tracey A.F.Jennings Gunrows Down, 1873. Near St Anchorite’s Rock, (Flora). Kingsteignton, 1882, W.M.Rogers (Rogers 1873. All T.R.A.Briggs (Briggs 1880). 1882a). Netherton, 1944, S.C.Patterson (DA 1945). SX64 Between Kingston and Ringmore, 1865 and 1875, SX88 Trusham, W.M.Rogers (Rogers 1882a) . Dunsford, T.R.A.Briggs (Briggs 1880). Folly Farm, Bigbury, 1914, C.L.Peck (Flora). 1894, E.S.Marshall (Flora). Thurlestone, T.R.A.Briggs SX95 Brixham, 1919, A.Carter (Flora). Churston Ferrers, (Flora). 1944, S.C.Patterson (DA 1945). SX73 Salcombe, J.Fairweather (Flora). SX96 Torquay (Flora). SX88 Bridford, 1927, R.Hansford Worth (Flora). SX97 Mount Pleasant above Exmouth Warren (Jones & SX96 Meadfoot, Torquay, A.E.Griffiths (Flora, TOR ). Kingston 1829). Tetrad SX9078, 1973, J.T.H.Knight Torquay, Watcombe, SX9267, 1935, C.E.Larter (Atlas). Dawlish Warren, 1860 (Flora); tetrad SX9878, 1941, R.C.L.Burges (BSBI Atlas). (Flora). SX99 Fields by River Exe, Exeter, J.Jacob (Jones & SX97 Teignmouth (Flora, RAMM ). Dawlish (Jones & Kingston 1829). Exwick, 1930, G.R.A.Watts (Flora). Kingston 1829, Jordan 1843). SY08 Exmouth, The Maer, 1961 to 1963 , J.Hayward & SY08 Littleham, 1866, E.Parfitt , (Flora, TOR ). Budleigh V.M.Wilkinson (DA 1964). Tetrad SY0080, 1983, Salterton, Drayton (Flora). W.H.Tucker (Atlas). Budleigh Salterton, 1836, SY29 Musbury, Whitford Road, SY2794, 2006, J.M.Lock W.R.Crotch (BON ). (DA 2007, RENS ). VC4 VC4 SX54 Ilfracombe churchyard, C.Scriven (Ravenshaw SS42 In arable field between Westleigh and River 1860). Torridge, 1853, G.Maw (Maw 1853, Flora). SS42 In arable field between Westleigh and River SS43 Braunton, F.A.Brokenshire (Flora); R.Taylor (Flora); Torridge, 1853, G.Maw (Maw 1853). F.R.Elliston Wright (Flora, RAMM ); Braunton Bulb SS43 Braunton, F.A.Brokenshire (Flora); R.Taylor (Flora); Farm, SS4636, M.Tulloh , 1968 (DA 1969); SX4635 & Braunton Bulb Farm, 1938, G.T.Fraser ( TOR ); SX465360, M.Tulloh , 1970 (Atlas); 1971, O.M.Stewart SS4635, 1970 and 1987, M.Tulloh (Atlas); tetrad & N.F.Stewart ; 1980, M.Tulloh (BSBI Atlas). Saunton, SS4634, 1972, M.Jaques (Atlas); SS466360, 1983, M.Cobbe (Flora, RAMM ). W.H.Tucker (BSBI Atlas); in three fields SW of Sandy Lane Farm, SS464365 to SX467364, 2005 , l Papaver argemone L. N.F.Stewart. Prickly Poppy SS91 Casual, Tiverton, G.R.A.Watts (Flora). Very rare. Vulnerable on the British Red List. Introduced, an archaeophyte. An arable weed on light soils. It has Also recorded in VC3 : SX65 and VC4 : SS63 (BSBI Atlas). always been rare and local in Devon. Only recorded regularly in the Braunton area. There are two recent records. Flora p.83, Atlas p.48 (3), 1987 onwards (3).
VC3 SX45 Staddon Heights, SX4951, 1837, J.Jacob (Jacob 1835). Eggbuckland, 1866, T.R.A.Briggs (Flora) . Ernesettle, SX4459, 1986, E.Griffiths (DA 1987). SX54 Gunrows Down, SX5445, 1873, T.R.A.Briggs (Briggs 1880). Between Ringmore and Kingston, 1865 and 1875, T.R.A.Briggs (Briggs 1880). Scotscombe, Kingston, 1875 & 1876 T.R.A.Briggs (Briggs in 1880). SX55 Crabtree, on the railway, SX5156, 1876, T.R.A.Briggs (Briggs 1880). Down Thomas, 1865, T.R.A.Briggs (Briggs 1880). SX64 Thurlestone (DA 1909). SX73 Salcombe, 1915, Miss Lightfoot (Flora). Chivelstone, 1878, T.R.A.Briggs (Flora). SX77 Ilsington (Jones & Kingston 1829). SX78 Moretonhampstead, 1882, W.M.Rogers (Rogers 1882a). Chagford, 1882, T.R.A.Briggs (Rogers 1882a). North Bovey (Jones & Kingston 1829). Welsh Poppy Meconopsis cambrica
148 A New Flora of Devon Papaveraceae
Map 28. Meconopsis cambrica (Welsh Poppy) Map 30. Chelidonium majus (Greater Celandine)
l Meconopsis cambrica (L.) Vig. Map 31. Eschscholzia californica (Californian Poppy) Welsh Poppy – Map 28 Frequent. Probably native around Exmoor and the Mole valley, at Lydford and in some places in the Tamar valley but introduced in most of the county (Flora). In its native sites it occurs in shaded rocky areas and near streams. Elsewhere, it occurs widely on walls and hedgebanks, mostly near habitation. M. cambrica has been regarded as the only European representative of the genus Meconopsis Vig. Kadereit et al. (2011) suggest that M. cambrica should revert to its former name Papaver cambricum L. having evolved its style, rather than a stigmatic disc, independently from a papaver-like ancestor. Flora p.83, Atlas p.48 (129), 1987 onwards (212). l Argemone mexicana L. Mexican Poppy Extinct. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of Central America. Recorded once as a wool-alien. 1987 onwards (0).
VC3 SX87 Bradley Mill, Newton Abbot, SX8571, 1970, M.C.Hockaday det. J.E.Lousley (DA 2008). rubbish tips. Known in Devon since 1947. Atlas p.49, 1987 onwards (37). l Glaucium flavum Crantz – see panel overleaf l Macleaya × kewensis Turrill l Chelidonium majus L. M. cordata (Willd.) R.Br. × M. microcarpa (Maxim.) Fedde Greater Celandine – Map 30 Hybrid Plume-poppy Frequent. Introduced, an archaeophyte. Present since Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; garden origin. A garden Roman times and probably once grown for its medicinal plant once recorded in a wild situation. properties. It is widely distributed, though uncommon in 1987 onwards (0) the northwest, on hedgebanks, on walls and wasteground, usually close to habitation. VC4 Flora p.85, Atlas p.49 (288), 1987 onwards (252). SS41 Torrington, 1983, anon. (BSBI Atlas). l Eschscholzia californica Cham. l Dicentra formosa (Haw.) Walp. Californian Poppy – Map 31 Bleeding-heart Occasional. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; a native of western southwestern North America. Casual on roadsides and North America. A garden escape, sometimes persisting.
A New Flora of Devon 149 Papaveraceae
l Glaucium flavum Crantz SS42 SS4329, 1952, A.J.C.Beddow (Atlas). Yellow Horned-poppy – Map 29 SS43 Northam Burrows (Flora, RAMM ); SS440313, Rare. Native. Coastal shingle and sand, rarely on soft 1951, anon. (BSBI Atlas); tetrad SS4430, 1970 & sea-cliffs. Largely restricted to the south coast from Start 1987, W.H.Tucker ; 2004, W.H.Tucker & Point to the Dorset border and in the northwest around R.M.H.Hodgson ; SS4431, 2009, NDBG . Instow Braunton/Northam and on Lundy. Sands (Maw 1853); SS4731, 1969, M.Tulloh Flora p.84, Atlas p.49 (23), 1987 onwards (22). (Atlas); tetrad SS4630, 1972 & 1987, M.Tulloh (Atlas, BSBI Atlas). Yelland, SS4732, 1969, 1972 & VC3 1987, M.Tulloh (Atlas, BSBI Atlas). Braunton SX45 Plymouth, T.R.A.Briggs (Flora). Bovisand, Burrows, pre-1797, Dr.Wavell (Flora); northern pre-1832 (Briggs 1880). end (Maw 1853); Braunton, near estuary (Flora); SX54 Church Sands, Wembury, pre-1832, J.Jacob Braunton Burrows/Marsh, 1958, G.A.Matthews (Briggs 1880). (BSBI Atlas). Saunton, pre-1835 (Flora). Tetrad SX64 Thurlestone, 1934 (Flora); SX677417, 1995, SS4238, 1969, A.P.S.Hamilton (Atlas). R.E.N.Smith. Bigbury-on-Sea, cliff at SX654442, SS44 Woolacombe (Flora). Tetrad SS4240, 1970, 2001, P.J.Reay . Cockleridge, SX6644, 2008, G.Elwell (Atlas); 1972, M.Jacques (Atlas). R.E.N.Smith. SS54 Combe Martin, 1942, A.E.Mahood (DA 1943); SX73 Salcombe (Flora). Chivelstone (Flora). above Lester Beach, 1945, H.W.Pugsley (DA SX83 & SX84 Scattered on beaches between Hallsands, 1946). Ilfracombe, 1942, A.E.Mahood (DA 1943). SX819395 and Blackpool Sands, SX854478. SS74 Lynton, 1942, A.E.Mahood (DA 1943). SX85 Broad Sands, F.M.Day (Flora). SX86 Paignton Sands (Jones & Kingston 1829); 1848 Map 29. Glaucium flavum (Yellow Horned-poppy) & 1934 (Flora). SX95 Man Sands, tetrad SX9252, 1975, M.F.Spooner (Atlas); and occasionally since and still there SX9253, 2009, R.E.N.Smith. Brixham, diminishing, 1934 (Flora). SX96 Meadfoot Cliffs, 1860 & 1898 (Flora). Hope’s Nose, SX9463, 2007, R.E.N.Smith. SX97 Flow Point, SX910728, 1998 and SX909728, 2009, R.E.N.Smith. Bishopsteignton, SX9073, 2008, R.E.N.Smith. Teignmouth, pre-1797, 1844, 1878 & 1934 (Flora). Sprey Point, SX950738, 1966, R.J.Skerrett. SY07 , SY08 , SY18 , SY28 , SY29 & SY39 Scattered on beaches and sometimes cliffs along the coast of East Devon.
VC4 SS14 Lundy, near the jetty, SS143438, 2007, S.Wheatley ; 2008 & 2009, Lundy Field Society .
150 A New Flora of Devon