DNA Barcoding of Sangihe Nutmeg (Myristica Fragrans) Using Matk Gene
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Myristicaceae
BLUMEA 42 (1997) 111-190 Notes on Southeast Asian and Malesian Myristica and description of new taxa (Myristicaceae). With keys arranged per geographical area (New Guinea excepted) W.J.J.O. de Wilde Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Summary Following the introductory sections, a general key, and regional keys, noteworthy observations are whole distributional of the of given for selected species of Myristica covering the area genus west New Guinea. New taxa, i.e. species (14), subspecies (10), and varieties (2) are fully described and annotated. All accepted names are arranged alphabetically, followed by an index. Contents Introduction 112 References 112 Acknowledgements 113 General key for Continental Southeast Asia, Malesia, and Australia (excl. New Guinea and the Pacific) 113 Regional key for Continental Southeast Asia 123 Regional key for West Malesia 124 Regional key for East Malesia (most of New Guinea excepted) 128 Enumeration of the partial areas and concerning keys 133 1. India, Sri Lanka (with partial keys) 133 2. Continental Southeast Asia 134 3. Malay Peninsula and Singapore 134 4. Sumatra 135 5. Java (with general key to areas 3, 4 & 5) 135 6. Borneo (with regional key) 138 7. Philippines (with regional key) 141 8. Sulawesi (with regional key) 144 9. Moluccas (incl. Aru Islands) 145 10. Lesser Sunda Islands 145 List of annotated or described and accepted taxa, newly alphabetically arranged . 146 Index 189 112 BLUMEA —Vol. 42, No. 1, 1997 Introduction With the completion of the revision of all Myristica material in the Leiden collection, with extension to most of the materials of the Kew herbarium and incidental loans of important collections of other herbaria, quite a number of new taxa were still to be published. -
An Update on Ethnomedicines, Phytochemicals, Pharmacology, and Toxicity of the Myristicaceae Species
Received: 30 October 2020 Revised: 6 March 2021 Accepted: 9 March 2021 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7098 REVIEW Nutmegs and wild nutmegs: An update on ethnomedicines, phytochemicals, pharmacology, and toxicity of the Myristicaceae species Rubi Barman1,2 | Pranjit Kumar Bora1,2 | Jadumoni Saikia1 | Phirose Kemprai1,2 | Siddhartha Proteem Saikia1,2 | Saikat Haldar1,2 | Dipanwita Banik1,2 1Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Prized medicinal spice true nutmeg is obtained from Myristica fragrans Houtt. Rest spe- Science & Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, cies of the family Myristicaceae are known as wild nutmegs. Nutmegs and wild nutmegs India 2Academy of Scientific and Innovative are a rich reservoir of bioactive molecules and used in traditional medicines of Europe, Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Asia, Africa, America against madness, convulsion, cancer, skin infection, malaria, diar- Pradesh, India rhea, rheumatism, asthma, cough, cold, as stimulant, tonics, and psychotomimetic Correspondence agents. Nutmegs are cultivated around the tropics for high-value commercial spice, Dipanwita Banik, Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East used in global cuisine. A thorough literature survey of peer-reviewed publications, sci- Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, entific online databases, authentic webpages, and regulatory guidelines found major 785006, Assam, India. Email: [email protected] and phytochemicals namely, terpenes, fatty acids, phenylpropanoids, alkanes, lignans, flavo- [email protected] noids, coumarins, and indole alkaloids. Scientific names, synonyms were verified with Funding information www.theplantlist.org. Pharmacological evaluation of extracts and isolated biomarkers Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, showed cholinesterase inhibitory, anxiolytic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, immu- Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt. -
Reconstructing the Basal Angiosperm Phylogeny: Evaluating Information Content of Mitochondrial Genes
55 (4) • November 2006: 837–856 Qiu & al. • Basal angiosperm phylogeny Reconstructing the basal angiosperm phylogeny: evaluating information content of mitochondrial genes Yin-Long Qiu1, Libo Li, Tory A. Hendry, Ruiqi Li, David W. Taylor, Michael J. Issa, Alexander J. Ronen, Mona L. Vekaria & Adam M. White 1Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, The University Herbarium, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048, U.S.A. [email protected] (author for correspondence). Three mitochondrial (atp1, matR, nad5), four chloroplast (atpB, matK, rbcL, rpoC2), and one nuclear (18S) genes from 162 seed plants, representing all major lineages of gymnosperms and angiosperms, were analyzed together in a supermatrix or in various partitions using likelihood and parsimony methods. The results show that Amborella + Nymphaeales together constitute the first diverging lineage of angiosperms, and that the topology of Amborella alone being sister to all other angiosperms likely represents a local long branch attrac- tion artifact. The monophyly of magnoliids, as well as sister relationships between Magnoliales and Laurales, and between Canellales and Piperales, are all strongly supported. The sister relationship to eudicots of Ceratophyllum is not strongly supported by this study; instead a placement of the genus with Chloranthaceae receives moderate support in the mitochondrial gene analyses. Relationships among magnoliids, monocots, and eudicots remain unresolved. Direct comparisons of analytic results from several data partitions with or without RNA editing sites show that in multigene analyses, RNA editing has no effect on well supported rela- tionships, but minor effect on weakly supported ones. Finally, comparisons of results from separate analyses of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes demonstrate that mitochondrial genes, with overall slower rates of sub- stitution than chloroplast genes, are informative phylogenetic markers, and are particularly suitable for resolv- ing deep relationships. -
Of Myristica Malabarica Lamk. (Myristicaceae)
The Journal of Phytopharmacology 2017; 6(6): 329-334 Online at: www.phytopharmajournal.com Research Article Pharmacognostic, phytochemical, physicochemical and ISSN 2320-480X TLC profile study Mace (Aril) of Myristica malabarica JPHYTO 2017; 6(6): 329-334 November- December Lamk. (Myristicaceae) Received: 27-10-2017 Accepted: 12-12-2017 Seema Yuvraj Mendhekar*, Chetana Dilip Balsaraf, Mayuri Sharad Bangar, S.L. Jadhav, D.D. Gaikwad © 2017, All rights reserved ABSTRACT Seema Yuvraj Mendhekar Assistant Professor, Pharmacognosy Department, VJSM’s Vishal Institute of The plant Myristica malabarica Lamk. is traditionally used as a medicine and spices in food . It is belonging to Pharmaceutical Education And family Myristicaceae. The plant is native to India and endangered trees are mostly found in western ghat. Research, Ale, Pune, Maharashtra- Extracted with various solvents by successive soxhlet hot extraction processs with increasing order of polarity 412411, India on phytochemical investigation. The extract has shown alkaloids, saponin, tannin and flavones glycosides. It Chetana Dilip Balsaraf has important medicinal uses like Ayurvedic Medicines. It is traditionally used as anticancer, anti- Pharmacognosy Department, VJSM’s Inflammatory, anti-Oxidant, Sedative hypnotics, Antimicrobial, Antifertility, Hepatoprotective and Vishal Institute of Pharmaceutical cytotoxicity. The chemical constituents such as Malabaricones, Malabaricanol, Isoflavones are isolated Education And Research, Ale, Pune, .Myristica Fragrans also known as fragnant Nutmeg or true Nutmeg. The present study i.e. Pharmacognostic, Maharashtra-412411, India Phytochemical, Physicochemical and TLC Profile Study of Mace (Aril) Of Myristica malabarica Lamk. is Mayuri Sharad Bangar helpful in the characterization of the crude drug. Physiochemical and phyto-chemical analysis of mace confirm Pharmacognosy Department, VJSM’s the quality and purity of plant and its identification. -
Myristicaceae
1762 TROPICAL FORESTS / Myristicaceae Burtt Davy J (1938) Classification of Tropical Woody importance. Fruit of the Myristicaceae, particularly Vegetation Types. Oxford, UK: Imperial Forestry In- the lipid-rich aril surrounding the seed in some stitute. species, are important as food for birds and mam- Champion HG and Seth SK (1968) Revised Survey of the mals of tropical forests. Numerous species are valued Forest Types of India. New Delhi, India: Manager of by humans as sources of food, medicine, narcotics, Publications, Government of India. and timber, including Myristica fragrans, the source Collins NM, Sagyer JA, and Whitmore TC (eds) (1991) of nutmeg and mace, the spices of commerce. The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: Asia and Pacific. London: Macmillan. Throughout the geographical range of Myristica- Edward MV (1950) Burma Forest Types. Indian Forest ceae, aromatic leaves, often stellate pubescence, a Records (new series). Silviculture 7(2). Dehra Dun, India: unique arborescent architecture (Figure 1), and sap Forest Research Institute. the color of blood (Figure 2) are characteristics that Holmer CH (1958) The broad pattern of climate and strongly enhance recognition of this family in the vegetation distribution in Ceylon. In Proceedings of a field. Species of this family are usually dioecious. Symposium on Humid Tropics Vegetation, Kanly. Paris: Flowers are tiny and found in paniculate inflores- UNESCO. cences, with filaments of stamens fused into a IUCN (1988) The Red Data Book. Switzerland: IUCN. column, giving rise to either free or fused anthers Kurz S (1877) Forest Flora of British Burma, 2 vols. (Figures 3 and 4). Fruits are one-seeded, dehiscent or Calcutta, India: Bishen Singh, Dehra Dun. -
Floral Biology of Myristica Insipida (Myristicaceae), a Distinctive Beetle Pollination Syndrome Author(S): Joseph E
Floral Biology of Myristica insipida (Myristicaceae), a Distinctive Beetle Pollination Syndrome Author(s): Joseph E. Armstrong and Anthony K. Irvine Source: American Journal of Botany, Vol. 76, No. 1 (Jan., 1989), pp. 86-94 Published by: Botanical Society of America, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2444777 Accessed: 06-09-2016 16:15 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2444777?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms Botanical Society of America, Inc. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Journal of Botany This content downloaded from 132.198.8.49 on Tue, 06 Sep 2016 16:15:01 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Amer. J. Bot. 76(1): 86-94. 1989. FLORAL BIOLOGY OF MYRISTICA INSIPIDA (MYRISTICACEAE), A DISTINCTIVE BEETLE POLLINATION SYNDROME' JOSEPH E. ARMSTRONG AND ANTHONY K. IRVINE Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61761; and CSIRO Tropical Forest Research Centre, PO Box 780, Atherton, Queensland 4883, Australia ABSTRACT The floral biology and pollination of Myristica insipida were studied in two different rain forest communities in Queensland. -
First Records of Stranded Nutnegs Myristica Fragrans Houttuyn, 1774 (Magnoliales: Myristicaceae) on the Irish Coast and a Review of North Atlantic Records
Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society Number 44 (2020) FIRST RECORDS OF STRANDED NUTNEGS MYRISTICA FRAGRANS HOUTTUYN, 1774 (MAGNOLIALES: MYRISTICACEAE) ON THE IRISH COAST AND A REVIEW OF NORTH ATLANTIC RECORDS *Declan T. G. Quigley1, Liam MacNamara2 and Paul A. Gainey3 1Sea Fisheries Protection Authority, Eastern Region, West Pier, Howth, Co. Dublin, Ireland. 2Derreen, Craggagh, Fanore, Co. Clare, Ireland. 3Polwithen Road, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 8QT, U.K. *Corresponding author e-mail: <[email protected]> Abstract Between July and October 2019, LMN discovered a total of 23 nutmegs Myristica fragrans Houttuyn, 1774 stranded at various locations along the shoreline of County Clare, on the Atlantic coast of western Ireland. The specimens represent the first records of stranded M. fragrans seeds from Irish waters. The occurrence and potential provenance of stranded nutmegs on Irish and North Atlantic maritime shores are reviewed. Flotation experiments suggest that some stranded nutmegs may represent true peregrine trans-Atlantic drifters while others may have been locally discarded. Key words: Nutmeg, Myristica fragrans, stranded nutmegs, Irish waters and North Atlantic. Introduction The pantropical family Myristicaceae consists of c.21 genera and c.520 species of woody trees, shrubs and, occasionally lianas (Cristenhusz and Byng, 2016; Santamari-Aguilar et al., 2019). Myristica is a genus of trees native to tropical Asia and the Western Pacific. Although at least 446 species and sub-species of Myristica have been described (Anon., 2020a), the identification of Myristica species based on traditional morphological criteria has always proven difficult, and so far, even DNA barcoding techniques based on rbcL and matK genes have generally failed to satisfactorily differentiate between species (Tallei and Kolondam, 2015; Nanlohy et al., 2017; Swetha et al., 2019). -
Myristica Malabarica: a Comprehensive Review JPP 2017; 6(2): 255-258 Received: 03-01-2017 Accepted: 04-02-2017 Prem Kumar Chelladurai and Radha Ramalingam
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2017; 6(2): 255-258 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 Myristica malabarica: A comprehensive review JPP 2017; 6(2): 255-258 Received: 03-01-2017 Accepted: 04-02-2017 Prem Kumar Chelladurai and Radha Ramalingam Prem Kumar Chelladurai Department of Pharmacognosy, Abstract College of Pharmacy, Madras The plant Myristica malabarica Linn belongs to the family Myristicaceae. This plant is endemic to India Medical College, Chennai-03, & found commonly in Western Ghats. It is an important medicinal plant commonly known as Malabar Tamil Nadu, India nutmeg, rampatri or Bombay mace. Different chemical constituents such as Malabaricones, Malabaricanal, Isoflavones and many other compounds are isolated and tested for pharmacological Radha Ramalingam activity. Myristica malabarica is traditionally used for anti-ulcer, sedatives hypnotics, antimicrobial, Department of Pharmacognosy, nematicidal and as anti-inflammatory. This review has summarized to recent scientific findings of College of Pharmacy, Madras Myristica malabarica’s phytochemistry, pharmacological activities of the plant. Medical College, Chennai-03, Tamil Nadu, India Keywords: Myristica malabarica, Malabaricones, sedative, hypnotics, anti-ulcer, antimicrobial Introduction Myristica malabarica is commonly called as Malabar nutmeg or kaatuhjathi. It is native to India found widely in western ghat hills. Myristica malabarica seed and seed aril is used as spice in Indian foods. They enhance the taste and aromatic flavor of the food. Recent scientific studies proved their biological activity according to their traditional claims. They are now known to possess Gastroprotective, Antipromastigote, Antioxidant, Antifungal, Nematicidal, Antiproliferative, Leukemic and Solid tumor. Plant Description Myristica malabarica Lam. (Myristicaceae) is a perennial tree about 25m tall. -
International Journal of Educational Policies
Nyoman Wijana, I Gusti Agung Nyoman Setiawan. (2017). Plant Species Mapping And Density In The Village Forest Of Penglipuran, Bangli, Bali, Indonesia And Its Use In Learning Media. Journal of Natural Science and Engineering. Vol.1 (3) pp. 80-91 PLANT SPECIES MAPPING AND DENSITY IN THE VILLAGE FOREST OF PENGLIPURAN, BANGLI, BALI, INDONESIA AND ITS USE IN LEARNING MEDIA Nyoman Wijana1,*, I Gusti Agung Nyoman Setiawan2 1 University of Pendidikan Ganesha 2 University of Pendidikan Ganesha Abstrak Keywords: The objectives of this research are to acknowledge the relative density index of plant Mapping, Density, species and the distribution of the plant species in the village forest of Penglipuran, Penglipuran Village Bangli, Bali, Indonesia, and (2) the utilization of his research results in instructional media. The population of this study is the whole area of Penglipuran village forest and all the plant species in it. The samples of this study are all plant species covered in 100 quadratics of size 10x10m. The sampling technique used is systematic sampling. The data are analyzed descriptively. Population utilization of research result in instructional media use student of Department of Biology Education FMIPA Undiksha, Semester V class A, B, and C. The sample is student class V class A with number of student counted 25 people. The sampling technique is by using random sampling technique. The method of data collection is interview and observation. The data are analyzed descriptively. Result of this research are (1) The plant species distribution mapping result shows that the plant species have wide, medium, and narrow distribution. (2) From the 34 species which are included into 21 families, 10 of them have the highest relative density index. -
The Measurement of Rare Plants Learning Media Using Backward Chaining Integrated with Context- Input-Process-Product Evaluation Model Based on Mobile Technology
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 9, No. 8, 2018 The Measurement of Rare Plants Learning Media using Backward Chaining Integrated with Context- Input-Process-Product Evaluation Model based on Mobile Technology Nyoman Wijana1 I Gede Astra Wesnawa3 I Wayan Eka Mahendra5 Department of Biology Education Department of Geography Education Department of Mathematics Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Education Bali, Indonesia Bali, Indonesia IKIP PGRI Bali Bali, Indonesia Ni Nyoman Parmithi2 I Made Ardana4 *6 Department of Biology Education Department of Mathematics Dewa Gede Hendra Divayana IKIP PGRI Bali Education Department of Information Bali, Indonesia Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Technology Education Bali, Indonesia Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Bali, Indonesia Abstract—This research was aimed to know the effectiveness conversion of land functions in forests. Based on data from the level of learning media utilization to the introduction of rare Bali Forestry Office in 2010 [2], the area of the mainland plants in Alas Kedaton tourism forest in Tabanan-Bali based on forest in Bali is 127,721.01 hectares or only 22.59 percent of backward chaining for students and the general public. The type the total area of Bali’s land area of 563,286 hectares. In of this research includes explorative and evaluative research addition to natural disasters of drought, floods and landslides, types. The population in this study was the plants species that forest destruction also causes extinction of plant species exist in the Alas Kedaton tourism forest. The human population contained therein. Including local plant species that are very was the entire society in the area of Alas Kedaton tourism forest. -
Bahan Ajar Taksonomi Tumbuhan Tinggi
BAHAN AJAR TAKSONOMI TUMBUHAN TINGGI Disusun oleh MARINA SILALAHI, M.Si PRODI PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN INDONESIA GENAP 2013/2014 i KATA PENGANTAR Bahan Ajar ini disiapkan untuk membantu mahasiswa memahami taksonomi, klasifikasi, manfaat, dan tata nama ilmiah tumbuhan tumbuhan. Pengenalan tumbuhan secara taksonomi merupakan merupakan salah satu langka untuk meningkatkan rasa kepedulian mahasiswa terhadap lingkungan sekitar khususnya tumbuhan. Bahan Ajar ini terdiri dari 15 bab yang membahas tumbuhan Spermatophyta atau tumbuhan berbiji. Spermatophyta terdiri dari 2 devisi yaitu Phinophyta dan Magnoliophyta dibahas dalam Bahan Ajar ini, namun karena luasnya cakupan taksonomi maka pembahasan disesuaikan dengan silabus yang telah disusun. Bahan Ajar ini lebih banyak membahas Magnoliophyta khususnya karena devisi tersebut mendominasi tumbuhan di permukaan bumi saat ini. Magnoliophyta terdiri dari 10 kelas. Setiap anak kelas Magnoliophyta dibahas mulai dari ordo, famili dan jenis serta manfaatnya. Ordo, famili maupun spesies yang dibahas dalam Bahan Ajar ini sebagian besar didasarkan pada manfaat dalam bidang ekonomi, obat, bahan pangan, maupun dalam ekologi. Selain manfaat faktor lain yang juga dipertimbangkan dalam pemilihan ordo maupun famili adalah penyebarannya (yang dipilih terutama yang banyak di temukan di Indonesia). Bahan Ajar ini masih banyak kekurangan baik dari segi isi maupun teknis penulisan. Penulis mengharapkan masukan dari berbagai pihak untuk penyempurnaan Bahan Ajar ini. -
Angiosperm Phylogeny Inferred from Sequences of Four Mitochondrial Genes 1Yin-Long QIU∗ 1Libo LI 1Bin WANG 1,2Jia-Yu XUE 1Tory A
Journal of Systematics and Evolution 48 (6): 391–425 (2010) doi: 10.1111/j.1759-6831.2010.00097.x Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from sequences of four mitochondrial genes 1Yin-Long QIU∗ 1Libo LI 1Bin WANG 1,2Jia-Yu XUE 1Tory A. HENDRY 1Rui-Qi LI 1Joseph W. BROWN 1Ya n g L I U 1Geordan T. HUDSON 3Zhi-Duan CHEN 1(Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA) 2(School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China) 3(Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China) Abstract An angiosperm phylogeny was reconstructed in a maximum likelihood analysis of sequences of four mitochondrial genes, atp1, matR, nad5, and rps3, from 380 species that represent 376 genera and 296 families of seed plants. It is largely congruent with the phylogeny of angiosperms reconstructed from chloroplast genes atpB, matK, and rbcL, and nuclear 18S rDNA. The basalmost lineage consists of Amborella and Nymphaeales (including Hydatellaceae). Austrobaileyales follow this clade and are sister to the mesangiosperms, which include Chloranthaceae, Ceratophyllum, magnoliids, monocots, and eudicots. With the exception of Chloranthaceae being sister to Ceratophyllum, relationships among these five lineages are not well supported. In eudicots, Ranunculales, Sabiales, Proteales, Trochodendrales, Buxales, Gunnerales, Saxifragales, Vitales, Berberidopsidales, and Dilleniales form a basal grade of lines that diverged before the diversification of rosids and asterids. Within rosids, the COM (Celastrales–Oxalidales–Malpighiales) clade is sister to malvids (or rosid II), instead of to the nitrogen-fixing clade as found in all previous large-scale molecular analyses of angiosperms. Santalales and Caryophyllales are members of an expanded asterid clade.