Steven Harris Sr. Director Education & Technologies Sharris@Scte.Org

Steven Harris Sr. Director Education & Technologies [email protected]

Development of all Technical Education and Certification Programs Fiber Source Resident Author

Operational Practices Delivery Boot Camps e.g., IPv6 & Wi-Fi Technology Speaker: D31

Many cable professionals are mindful of the perpetual technologies and solutions being implemented into the cable infrastructure at a staggering pace. In this three part session, learn how operators are increasing their network capacity and reliability with technologies like fiber deep, fiber to the x (FTTx), passive optical networks (PONs) and distributed access architectures (DAA). While the access network will improve the quality of experience, headends and hub sites will move towards critical facilities for the delivery of NexGen services. Operators will continue to leverage their HFC access networks, with rollouts of DOCSIS 3.0 and now DOCSIS 3.1, providing plenty of broadband firepower and service assurance tools like proactive network maintenance (PNM). The session will also explore the changing landscape in the home with technologies like MoCA, carrier grade Wi-Fi, wireless, Internet of things (IoT) and IP video. Finally, we will look at the future of cable where many of these technologies will be implemented with a focus on virtualization, cybersecurity, software defined wide area networks (SD- WAN), improved PONs like Ethernet and IPv6.

Submarine Cable Map of the Caribbean

Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago each have five, and Curaçao has six Internet connection points. Redundancy! © 2018 SCTE•ISBE, All rights reserved. scte.org | isbe.org 5 Current Situation – Jamaica Internet

Internet Use Internet Affordability Average % of (bps) ($ per Internet population per Internet month) Devices per Technologies: *2016 User *2015 Household *2016 • Coaxial cable Jamaica 45 % 47.8 K $23 1+ • FTTx/xPON US 76.2% 126.5 K $16 10+ UK 94.8 % 449 K $15 4+ • WiMAX Argentina 70.2 % 41 K $41 3+ Cisco VNI 3.4 devices by 2020 World Wide

DOCSIS Next DOCSIS DOCSIS 3.1/FTTx Gen/PON Dial-Up 1.0 – 2.0 3.0 xPON Sym. DOCSIS

400 Gbps

100 Gbps

Nielsen's law of internet bandwidth states: A high- Maximum speeds today end user's connection speed grows by 50% © 2018 SCTE•ISBE, All rights reserved. scte.org | isbe.org compound annual growth rate (CAGR). Current Situation - Jamaica

Upload and Download Broadband Speeds in Selected Caribbean Countries

9 Mbps slowest 3.5 Mbps

Percentage of Individuals Using the Internet in Select Caribbean Countries, 2010–15

ITU data tracking to World Bank ~45%

(Source: ITU)

Focus on the cable customer of tomorrow, talking about next generation services like MoCA, carrier grade Wi-Fi, wireless, home security and home lifestyle services Internet of things (IoT) and IP video.

A Pew Research Center study released in May of 2017 estimated 18 percent of American households are “hyper-connected”, meaning they have 10 or more connected devices. • 39 percent of households, the study found, contain at least one streaming media device. ATMs are considered some of the first IoT objects, and went online as far back as 1974.

• UHD/4K/MPEG-HEVC, Throw Projectors, Dolby vision, OLED smart phone displays

• Smart Home, IoT, sensors everywhere (e.g., toilets)

• Better wireless/Wi-Fi - Wi-Fi Mesh, improved low powered wireless

• Bigger cable pipes needed!

• Used for video and Wi-Fi networks • Speeds up to 2.5 Gbps with MoCA v2.5 with new features like MoCA protected setup. • SCTE·ISBE 235 developed, allowing MoCA and DOCSIS 3.1 to operate simultaneously • Whole home DVR, cloud DVR, Wi-Fi mesh

• Integrated OTT (e.g., Netflix, YouTube, Pandora, etc.)

• Integrated IoT (e.g. thermostats, lighting, etc.)

• Cloud DVR

15 Carrier Grade Wi-Fi

4 HD Simultaneous Programs (just as good as QAM)

40 Mbps w/ Packet Error Rate = 1 x 10-6 90% coverage, over 90% of the home

MSO’s are shifting their attention to the quality of experience (QoE) and carrier grade versions of Wi-Fi for multimedia services like HD, UHD and VoIP © 2018 SCTE•ISBE, All rights reserved. scte.org | isbe.org 16 Carrier Grade Wi-Fi

• Operators not experienced with new wireless carrier grade technologies (802.11ac, 802.11ad, 802.11ax) • Operators lack proper knowledge in RF operation, tools and band coverage • 802.11ac requires different operating metrics for MCS, S/N, RSSI, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, Channel Bonding, MU-MIMO, Adaptive Antennas, etc. • Wi-Fi operational practices developed • Cloud Management of Wi-Fi (2.5B market) © 2018 SCTE•ISBE, All rights reserved. scte.org | isbe.org 17 Community Wi-Fi

Subscribers “prioritized access”

secure

independent access channels

Visitors privacy

Community Wi-Fi Access Point

• ZigBee / RF4CE 802.15.4 positioned to take over as the de- • Z-Wave facto wireless standard in the connected home. • LoRaWAN • Bluetooth Low Energy 5 • WirelessHART • ISA100.11a • 6LowPAN • IC3 • Nivis

Content Delivery Network Adaptive Bit-Rate (ABR) video streaming addresses “best-effort” delivery of IP networks

End of Session I: The Changing Landscape in the Home

Focus on Fiber Deep, FTTx/FTTH/xPON and mid-split. Evolution of DOCSIS and the 1 gigabit customer, along with PNM.

Competition is deploying increased Internet speeds in the upstream (Billboard Wars)

• Operators leveraging existing reliable network to serve residential and business (w/SLA) customers • 1 Gbps possible with DOCSIS 3.0, better Wi-Fi needed • On-going challenge for the HFC access network has always been its upstream bandwidth, free downstream channels may be a challenge. • ADS helped, MPEG-4, now MPEG-HEVC and D31 OFDM • High bandwidth over the top (OTT), IoT growth, multiscreen, etc. • Operator IP Video via CMTS allows converged OTT w/ STB & Cloud • Symmetrical or close to symmetrical bandwidth is now desired

DOCSIS 1.x and 2.0 • 5 to 42 MHz (65 MHz for Euro-DOCSIS), no channel bonding DOCSIS 3.0 • 5 to 85 MHz extended return, IPv6 support • Bonding up to 8 return channels of 6.4 MHz • Bonding up to 32 forward channels of 6 MHz, possible Gbps class speeds DOCSIS 3.1 • Gbps class speeds with OFDM and OFDMA mode on the same frequency as DOCSIS 3.0 modems transmitting in QAM • 192 MHz too large, smallest OFDM downstream channel bandwidth is 24 MHz • 96 MHz too large, smallest OFDMA upstream channel bandwidth is 6.4 MHz or 10 MHz DOCSIS 3.1 Symmetrical (Future)

1 MHz guard 25 kHz subcarrier spacing: 7600 subcarriers 1 MHz guard band 50 kHz subcarrier spacing: 3800 subcarriers band

190 MHz 192 MHz channel bandwidth, including 1 MHz wide guard band on each end

Note: The guard bands shown in these examples use the minimum bandwidth supported. Actual guard band bandwidth may be greater than 1 MHz. © 2018 SCTE•ISBE, All rights reserved. scte.org | isbe.org Mid-Split, RF Upstream of Tomorrow

Laser’s characteristics define whether xx = 6.4 MHz this increase in upstream power is achievable or not! 76.8 MHz

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

5 MHz42 MHz 85 MHz

DOCSIS 3.0 deployments support 8 channels Increases average input signal power at return path laser

R-PHY, FDX, Baseline Optical, etc. Impairments

Provider Efforts

Bridge the gap between problem and solution. Make PNM cheaper, easier an faster to implement. Connect the disconnected elements so they can function together.

• HFC optical node splits to reduce HHP • Fiber deep or node + 0, all passive, no amplifiers, last mile coax, digital HFC optics Fiber Node FTTx • Fiber deep improves network Deep Splits reliability and reach for STVOs • Fiber deep supports DAA • FTTx, all passive, all fiber to the X Fiber Deep and FTTx may operate at the same Incremental investment time as DOCSIS from the headend / hub! © 2018 SCTE•ISBE, All rights reserved. scte.org | isbe.org 30 Fiber Deep Design Options

40 km (No Optical Splitter) -6 dBm

+ 54 dBmV 25 km (2x Optical Splitter) x2 999 MHz Plant

15 km (3x Optical Splitter) x3

0 - 14 km (4x Optical Splitter) FD x4 Node “Mother Node” Multiplexing Point w/ EDFA support

• Fiber to the x (FTTx) delivers cable services (e.g. video, voice & data) over fiber optics. FTTx is also known as Fiber to the Home (FTTH) or Fiber to the Premises (FTTP). • Optical fiber is used instead of coaxial cable; providing energy management, improved reliability, improved customer perception and improved workforce skills. • High data rates, 1, 10 and 100 Gbps options. • RFoG, GPON & EPON technologies available.

RFoG pass-thru port provides incremental approach to PON! Fiber to the X over EPON

Bandwidth Standard Distance Split Protocol Video Wavelengths (DS/US) 10 Mbps / SONET/SDH, 1550 nm DS PON ITU-G.982 20 km 32 n/a 10 Mbps ATM, T1/E1 1310 nm US 622 Mbps / 1550 nm DS A-PON ITU-G.983 20 km 32 ATM n/a 155 Mbps 1310 nm US POTS, ISDN, 1550 nm RF DS 622 Mbps / SONET/SDH, B-PON ITU-G.983 20 km 32 RF Overlay 1490 nm DS 155 Mbps ATM, Ethernet, 1310 nm US T1/E1 1550 nm RF DS 2.488 Gbps / G-PON ITU-G.984 20 km 32 and 64 GEM Data Only 1490 nm DS 1.244 Gbps 1310 nm US NG-PON1 10 Gbps / RF Overlay 1577 nm DS ITU-G.987 20 to 60 km 32and 64 GEM XG-PON1 2.5 Gbps w/ WDM 1270 nm US 1596-1603 nm DS NG-PON2 32, 64, 128 2.488 – RF Overlay ITU-G.989 20 to 60 km XGEM 1524-1544 nm US TDWM-PON and 256 10 Gbps w/ WDM Wide E-PON / IEEE 1490 nm DS 10 to 20 km 32 and 64 1.244 Gbps Ethernet IP GE-PON 802.3ah 1310 nm US IEEE 32, 64, 128, 256 1577 nm DS 10GE-PON 10 to 20 km 10 Gbps Ethernet IP 802.3av and beyond 1270 nm US 1550 nm DS Depends on 1310 nm US non- RFoG SCTE 174 20 km 32, 64 and 128 DOCSIS QAM/FM DOCSIS PON 1610 nm US PON

End of Session II: Access Network Capacity and Reliability

A look at the future of cable virtualization, Distributed Access Architectures, coherent fiber optics, cybersecurity, software defined wide area networks (SD- WAN), Ethernet, 5G and IPv6.

43 Smaller Operators: Activity Examples in US

• US smaller operators focused on Internet, managed Wi-Fi, security, backup, Ethernet, managed IT, analog/SD/HD video (e.g., 260+), non cloud DVR, DOCSIS 3, Voice • Now bonding DOCSIS 3.0, IoT, Smart Home / Secure Packages, Mobile LTE Services

http://www.beavervalleycable.com/

• Video • Analog -> SD -> HD -> MPEG-4 -> IP Streaming -> HEVC -> UHD/4K/OTT • DVR -> MoCA DVR -> Cloud DVR -> Voice Activated • Internet • DOCSIS 1.x -> 2.x -> 3.0/IPv6 -> Channel Bonding -> 3.1 -> Symmetrical • Node Splits -> Fiber Deep -> FTTx -> RFoG -> xPON • Leverage city/island government infrastructure projects • Home Security -> Smart Home -> IoT • Convergence (Video/Data)

• Voice • Analog (wired) -> Convergence -> PacketCable Digital (wired) -> Mobile LTE/5G -> HotSpots -> WiFi First

• Wi-Fi • Best Effort -> g/n/ac/ac wave-2/ax -> carrier grade/managed/mesh

• Business Services • Business like Resi -> MPLS -> Dedicated Fiber (e.g. RFoG) -> Dedicated Ethernet -> DOCSIS 3.x -> SD-WAN

IPv6/v4 Internet IS- Servers (IPv4/6) • DHCP, DNS, DHCPv6 PD OSPF BGPv CORE IS 4 • TFTP, TOD, HTTP RFI Backbone • 224.x, FFxx video (IPv4/6) (IPv4) OSPF Home / CMTS SMB HFC Legacy CM (IPv4/6) A (IPv4) CMTS AR STB (IPv4/6) (IPv4/6) (IPv4 224.x) RFI HFC A1: PC A2: TV (IPv4/6) RIP RFI Win XP/SP3 (IPv6) (IPv4) CM eRouter CM Bridge (IPv4/6) (IPv6) Cisco 900

• In coherent optics, both amplitude and phase modulation are used to send information.

• Enables QPSK and QAM constellations to carry information.

• Optics used for long-haul fiber optic networks, adapted the technology for use in short-haul access networks, reducing cost

CableLabs has shown 256 Gbps over an 80 km fiber link, that is just the beginning! Tbps are possible, more than 1,000 times Fiber spectrum with intensity more capacity than we have modulated non-coherent carriers today. © 2018 SCTE•ISBE, All rights reserved. scte.org | isbe.org Distributed Access Architecture (DAA): CCAP Core with R-PHY, R-MAC/PHY, or Split-MAC RPD

OSS / HEADEND / HUB ACCESS NETWORK

R-PHY Node DOCSIS, MPEG, RF / Linear Optics CCAP & OOB Signals R-PHY MSO Backbone Core Device Digital MAC & Upper Ethernet / PON Layers Pseudo-wire Logic

CMTS Core & CM CM Edge QAM (DNS, DHCP, SNMP, dTFTP/TFTP, Syslog, ToD)

Subscribers

CCAP = Converged Cable Access Platform

• Cybersecurity is the ongoing effort to protect networked systems

• On a personal level need to safeguard info & devices

• On a corporate level, protect the organization

• On a state / providence / national level, safety of citizens at stake

• Critical infrastructure / data centers

“Cells” TDMA Data 384 Kbps 1 Mbps 10+ Mbps Active Antennas appeared SMS Connectivity Beam Forming Carrier Aggregation Network Slicing Cellular Densification Virtualization

• Improved RF, increased bits / Hz, virtualization and network slicing • Operators now offer mobile and IoT services • Cell backhaul opportunities for MSOs, Utilize fiber and HFC plant for wholesale services

 Cost effective business SLAs  Converged local and global connectivity  Diversified internet access technologies  Scalable and elastic cloud services  Use of SDN & NFV technologies  Use of DPI for service awareness  COTS usability for network and services

End of Session III: Future of Cable

Providing technical leadership for the telecommunications industry and serving its members through excellence in professional development, standards, certification and information.

© 2018 SCTE•ISBE, All rights reserved. scte.org | isbe.org 58 What does a membership get? Cable’s Fiber to the the to Fiber Cable’s Fiber Optic Splicing Optic Fiber Fiber Construction Construction Fiber Fiber to the Home Home the to Fiber Home the to Fiber Multiwave Optics Optics Multiwave Optical Networks Optical Networks Optical Fiber Deep N+0 - DeepN+0 Fiber CWDM/DWDM - CWDM/DWDM Ethernet Passive Passive Ethernet and Restoration Restoration and Demand Tamed Tamed Demand Gigabit Services Gigabit Deploying FTTx: Fiber and WDM WDM and Fiber Advanced Fiber Fiber Advanced FTTx: Friend or or Friend FTTx: Optical/PHY Fiber Optics Optics Fiber Fiber Deep Fiber Bandwidth Bandwidth Networks All Things Things All Concepts Concepts Testing CWDM Home RFoG Foe? Foe? HFC 101 201 - Remote PHY-CMTS Remote IPv6 Infrastructure Infrastructure IPv6 Modern Upstream Upstream Modern Subnetting, VLSM VLSM Subnetting, DOCSIS 3.1DOCSIS Basics Considerations in in Considerations DOCSIS 3.1 DOCSIS Plans DOCSIS 3.1DOCSIS Field Troubleshooting Modulation and and Modulation IPv6 in the Data Data the in IPv6 PreEqualization PreEqualization Migration to an an to Migration Introduction to to Introduction Deploying and Deploying and Strategies Strategies and Increasing the the Increasing Best Practices Practices Best Deployments Deployments Multiplexing Multiplexing Remote PHY PHY Remote Maintaining Maintaining Technology DOCSIS 3.1DOCSIS 3.0DOCSIS 3.1DOCSIS 3.1DOCSIS 3.1DOCSIS 3.1DOCSIS Managing Managing Networks Proactive Proactive DOCSIS® DOCSIS® Modern Modern IP 101 IP – Testing Return Return Center & IPv6 & – Maintaining an All- an Maintaining Delivering Wi-Fi to to Wi-Fi Delivering your Communities your Wi-Fi InterferenceWi-Fi Networking Home the Physical Layer Physical the Multiple Wireless Wireless Multiple Measurement at at Measurement Contending with with Contending Wi-Fi Connected Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Managed Home Managed Improving Wi-Fi Wi Wi-Fi Improving Advanced Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Advanced Enhanced Wi-Fi Enhanced on a Focus with Technologies in in Technologies Considerations the Connected Connected the Standards and and Standards Fundamentals Analyzing and and Analyzing Service in the the Servicein Wi-Fi Advisor Wi-Fi 3.1 and Wi-Fi 3.1and Carrier Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Carrier Digital Plant Plant Digital Cable Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi: Cable Wi-Fi 101Wi-Fi 101Wi-Fi BSS/OSS BSS/OSS Home Home WiWi-Fi Wi-Fi - Fi - Fi Fi

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