DOCSLIB.ORG

Used Machinery Expo

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Used Machinery Expo USED MACHINERY EXPO KARACHI September Media Campaign 2014 The event will be promoted through an extensive Expo Centre marketing campaign in Print (DAWN Newspaper), Karachi Radio (FM 89) and Electronic Media (DAWN News). Moreover, to mark this event a Special An excellent opportunity to meet the industrial Supplement will be published in the DAWN sector of Pakistan Newspaper to reinforce the significance of adopting The Event used machinery and to give exhibitors maximum The DAWN Media Group is organizing the DAWN Used Machinery Expo in Karachi, exposure through the Pakistan. This is the first exhibition of it’s kind in Pakistan. newspaper’s nationwide readership. Pakistan’s economy can be characterized as semi-industrialized, with the industrial sector constitutes 24.3% of GDP. The country has a total labor force of 55.88 million (as of 2009). Pakistan’s largest industries are textile, cement, agriculture, fertilizer, steel, tobacco, edible Why DAWN oil, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, shrimp, sugar, food processing, chemicals and machinery. All these industries are machinery-intensive, with many industry leaders Over the course of the last struggling to meet the high capital outlay required for new machinery. decade, DAWN has had a strong grip in engaging industrial professionals by Exhibitors Profile Who will be engaged? organizing high profile • Agriculture • Exhibitors may showcase used events. These events and machines of all kinds their accompanying Special • Engineering & Construction • Earth Moving Equipment • Used machinery dealers offer a Supplements are key wide range of products sources of information for • Food Processing • Leather • Manufacturers offering machines Pakistan’s business and and parts-exchange deals industrial leaders, as well • Media & Telecommunication • Companies selling machines they as national policy-makers. • Metal & Mining no longer use • Petroleum/Fuel Extraction • Auction houses and E-commerce These events gain added • Pharmaceutical & Hospital companies credibility because of the • Plastic & rubber processing • Service companies involved in strong brand identity of the • Power / Energy Production upgrading and retrofitting DAWN Media Group, with a • Printing & Packaging machines reputation for credibility, • Sports Goods • Specialist freight forwarders and exacting standards and • Surgical Equipment suppliers of dismantling and standards, enjoyed by a • Textile machines reassembly services, Financing readership that is affluent and leasing companies, • Waste disposal & recycling certification services and others and well educated. involved in the machinery supply chain PAKISTAN: About DAWN Potential Market For Media Group - Pakistan’s Leading Used Machinery Media Group The Dawn Media Group is Pakistan’s leading multimedia group straddling print, digital, television and radio mediums. Dawn is the flagship newspaper of The Dawn Media Group, founded in 1947 and recognized as the most authoritative newspaper in the country. DAWN is widely respected for the credibility of its reporting and the independence of its • Pakistan’s population exceeding 180 million views, and boasts the largest • Ranked as the 6th most populous country circulation amongst the English • An increase in the population has led to increased demand in many sectors of the press. The market leader within economy Pakistan’s quality print media, • Actual growth in manufacturing was recorded at 3.51% in year 2012 Dawn is read by key influencers in the public and private sectors • Entrepreneurs starting up their own companies in developing and industrializing and by the majority of the countries to buy high-quality used machines English reading public, many of • Pakistani companies prefer buying used machinery when replacing obsolete machinery whom constitute a significant or expanding production proportion of Pakistan’s current • Pakistan's industrial sector accounts for about 24% of GDP decision making generation. • Cotton textile production and apparel manufacturing are Pakistan's largest industries, The Dawn Media Group has a accounting for about 66% of the merchandise exports proven track record organizing • Apart from cotton and textile, Pakistan's principal natural resources are arable land and exhibitions and conferences that water bring together the key influencers and stakeholders • About 25% of Pakistan's total land area is under cultivation and is watered by one of the largest irrigation systems in the world from specific industries and interest groups, providing them • Agriculture accounts for about 21.2% of GDP with a platform conducive to • Pakistan’s energy sector has experienced 62% growth since 2000 networking and doing business. Exhibition Packages Package A: US$ – 2,000 Package B: US$ – 3,200 Contact for Participation Stand: Space in Karachi Stand: Space in Karachi Khurram Bhatti Manager Marketing Advertisement: One 15 cms (high) x 16 Advertisement: One 27 cms (high) x 16 DAWN Media Group cms (wide) color advertisement in the cms (wide) color advertisement in the DAWN Supplement DAWN Supplement Haroon House, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Road, Advertorial: 400 words write-up & 1 Advertorial: 800 words write-up & 3 Karachi, Pakistan picture in the DAWN Supplement pictures in the DAWN Supplement Phone: +92-21-35613344 Cell: +92-321-8220064 Email: [email protected], Website: http://dawn.com .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MAPPING DIGITAL MEDIA: PAKISTAN Mapping Digital Media: Pakistan
    COUNTRY REPORT MAPPING DIGITAL MEDIA: PAKISTAN Mapping Digital Media: Pakistan A REPORT BY THE OPEN SOCIETY FOUNDATIONS WRITTEN BY Huma Yusuf 1 EDITED BY Marius Dragomir and Mark Thompson (Open Society Media Program editors) Graham Watts (regional editor) EDITORIAL COMMISSION Yuen-Ying Chan, Christian S. Nissen, Dusˇan Reljic´, Russell Southwood, Michael Starks, Damian Tambini The Editorial Commission is an advisory body. Its members are not responsible for the information or assessments contained in the Mapping Digital Media texts OPEN SOCIETY MEDIA PROGRAM TEAM Meijinder Kaur, program assistant; Morris Lipson, senior legal advisor; and Gordana Jankovic, director OPEN SOCIETY INFORMATION PROGRAM TEAM Vera Franz, senior program manager; Darius Cuplinskas, director 21 June 2013 1. Th e author thanks Jahanzaib Haque and Individualland Pakistan for their help with researching this report. Contents Mapping Digital Media ..................................................................................................................... 4 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... 6 Context ............................................................................................................................................. 10 Social Indicators ................................................................................................................................ 12 Economic Indicators ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ofcom, PEMRA and Mighty Media Conglomerates
    Ofcom, PEMRA and Mighty Media Conglomerates Syeda Amna Sohail Ofcom, PEMRA and Mighty Media Conglomerates THESIS To obtain the degree of Master of European Studies track Policy and Governance from the University of Twente, the Netherlands by Syeda Amna Sohail s1018566 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Robert Hoppe Referent: Irna van der Molen Contents 1 Introduction 4 1.1 Motivation to do the research . 5 1.2 Political and social relevance of the topic . 7 1.3 Scientific and theoretical relevance of the topic . 9 1.4 Research question . 10 1.5 Hypothesis . 11 1.6 Plan of action . 11 1.7 Research design and methodology . 11 1.8 Thesis outline . 12 2 Theoretical Framework 13 2.1 Introduction . 13 2.2 Jakubowicz, 1998 [51] . 14 2.2.1 Communication values and corresponding media system (minutely al- tered Denis McQuail model [60]) . 14 2.2.2 Different theories of civil society and media transformation projects in Central and Eastern European countries (adapted by Sparks [77]) . 16 2.2.3 Level of autonomy depends upon the combination, the selection proce- dure and the powers of media regulatory authorities (Jakubowicz [51]) . 20 2.3 Cuilenburg and McQuail, 2003 . 21 2.4 Historical description . 23 2.4.1 Phase I: Emerging communication policy (till Second World War for modern western European countries) . 23 2.4.2 Phase II: Public service media policy . 24 2.4.3 Phase III: New communication policy paradigm (1980s/90s - till 2003) 25 2.4.4 PK Communication policy . 27 3 Operationalization (OFCOM: Office of Communication, UK) 30 3.1 Introduction .
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan Media Legal Review 2019
    Pakistan Media Legal Review 2019 Coercive Censorship, Muted Dissent: Pakistan Descends into Silence Annual Review of Legislative, Legal and Judicial Developments on Freedom of Expression, Right to Information and Digital Rights in Pakistan Pakistan Media Legal Review 2019 This report was voluntarily produced by the Institute for Research, Advocacy and Development (IRADA), an Islamabad-based independent research and advocacy organization focusing on social development and civil liberties, with the contribution of Faiza Hassan as research assistant and Muhammad Aftab Alam and Adnan Rehmat as lead researchers. Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................... 1 Attempts to Radicalize Media Regulatory Framework ....................................... 3 Pakistan Media Regulatory Authority (PMRA) .........................................................................3 Media Tribunals ...................................................................................................................................4 i Journalistic and Media Freedoms ........................................................................ 6 Pakistan Media Legal Review 2019 Media Legal Pakistan Murders of Journalists ......................................................................................................................6 Serious Incidents of Harassment and Attacks on Journalists and Media .......................7 Criminal Cases Against Journalists ...............................................................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • Repositioning of DAWNNEWS Channel to Mass Market
    Rev. Integr. Bus. Econ. Res. Vol 3(1) 190 Repositioning of DAWNNEWS Channel to Mass Market Kamran Siddiqui HOD, Department of Management Sciences DHA Suffa University Phase VII (Ext), Karachi. E-mail: [email protected] Syed Muhammad Fahim* Assistant Professor DHA Suffa University Phase VII (Ext), Karachi. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT This research paper is based on the positioning and later strategy of repositioning of DAWNNEWS channel. It was July the 21st, 2007 when this channel got a kick off. Its initial positioning strategy was of a top notch English (language) News channel in Pakistan. Later it went into a repositioning strategy of Urdu (language) news channel catering to the mass market. Reasons behind the repositioning include adaptation of brand extension strategy, non-existence of appropriate human resource, preoccupation of market by leading foreign channels like CNN and BBC and bottom line revenues in the initial phase due to poor media ratings. Major overhaul was done in logo, substance, impact of graphics and taglines. As a result brand image was shifted to a positive tone and strategy proved successful and bought he expected results. Key words: Positioning, Repositioning, DAWNNEWS channel Introduction The purpose of this paper is to present the concepts of Positioning and Re-positioning by virtue of a real-life case study from a media giant DAWN group. It starts with contemporary conceptual framework of initial positioning as exclusive English (foreign language) news channel. and then re-positioning to a blend of Urdu (local language) and English. At the end this paper provides useful insights into the repositioning strategy followed by DAWN media group.
    [Show full text]
  • 37 Liberalization of Media in Pakistan
    Gul, M., Obaid, Z. & Ali, S. (2017). JHSS. XXV (1). Liberalization of Media in Pakistan: A Challenge to Democracy Mehnaz Gul, Zia Obaid Institute of Management Studies University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan & Shahid Ali Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar, Pakistan Abstract Pakistan’s electronic media has been under state control for five decades. The state had monopoly over television and radiobroadcasting, thus a gatekeeper controlling the information flow. However, in 2002, media was liberalized under the dictatorial regime of General Pervez Musharraf. This was against the popular belief that democratic regimes have media liberalization policy while it is in the interest of dictators to put stringent control over media. This study is an attempt to consider the reasons for this liberalization of media and to evaluate its impact on the socio economic and political environment of the country. The study follows the political economy methodology and analyzes the findings collected through secondary data, under the overarching theory of political economy of communication. Pakistan adopted liberal and deregulated policies because of the popular economic model based on neo liberal agenda of developed nations on whom it was dependent for aid and assistance. However, the liberalization of media does not only bring the overall economic growth but also the problems associated with liberalization. The media in Pakistan saw a boom in the market, where in one-decade television channels increased drastically from three to ninety, simultaneously giving birth to the five big media moguls who own major media outlets. This concentration of ownership brought in the problems of unequal distribution of wealth, class disparities, uninformed citizenry, commodification and marginalization of minorities.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan PR Country Landscape 2014
    Pakistan PR Country Landscape 2014 Global Alliance for Public Relations and Communication Management ● ● ● ● Global Alliance PR Landscape Pakistan 2014 Page 2 of 15 Acknowledgments Produced by: Council of Public Relations Pakistan Authored by: Hasan Anwer Zuberi, MBA President, Council of Public Relations Pakistan Assisted by: Sabeen Ghauri, BA Hons (Mass Com) Global Alliance PR Country Landscape Pakistan 2014 Page 3 of 15 Country Profile Official Name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan Independence: 14 August 1947 (from British India) National day: Republic Day, 23 March (1956) Population: 193,238,868 (July 2013 est.) Ranked as 6th most populous country in the world Capital: Islamabad Area: 796,095 sq km Borders with: Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km Major Languages: ENGLISH (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), whereas URDU is the national language. Other prominent languages includes PUNJABI 48%, SINDHI 12%, SARAIKI (a Punjabi variant) 10%, PASHTU 8%, BALOCHI 3%, HINDKO 2%, BRAHUI 1% Ethnic Composition: Punjabi 44.68%, Pashtun (Pathan) 15.42%, Sindhi 14.1%, Siraiki 8.38%, Muhajirs 7.57%, Balochi 3.57%, other 6.28% Major Religions: Muslim 96.4% (Sunni 85-90%, Shia 10-15%), Christian 2.5%, Hindu 1.2%, others 0.2% Age structure: Relatively a young nation with 55% population under 24 years (2013 est.) 00-14 years: 34.0% 15-24 years: 21.6% 25-54 years: 35.1% 55-64 years: 5.0% 65 years +: 4.3% Life expectancy: male 66.5 years; female 67.2 years Urban/Rural split: Urban 35.6%; Rural 64.4% Global Alliance PR Landscape Pakistan 2014 Page 4 of 15 Background: The landmass that we call Pakistan today became an Independent country on the 14th August 1947, yet it enjoyed a measure of unity for millennia.
    [Show full text]
  • SCI-TECH 120, 000 Trees Planted in Sindh
    DAWN - Leading English Newspaper of Pakistan covering national & international news SCI-TECH 120, 000 trees planted in Sindh Tuesday, 18 Aug, 2009 | 01:16 PM PST | KARACHI: Local communities in Sindh planted 120,000 trees during the national plantation campaign observed across the country on August 18, 2009. The community plantation initiative was supported by the Indus for All Programme of WWF Pakistan in three districts of Sindh including Thatta, Shaheed Benazirabad (formerly Nawabshah) and Sanghar. More than 30 local NGOs and community-based organisations and ten schools took part in the campaign. The programme's priority sites are located in these districts namely Keti Bunder and Keenjhar Lake in Thatta, Pai Forest in Shaheed Benazirabad and Chotiari Reservoir in Sanghar. These sites represent the significant ecosystems in the Indus ecoregion such as mangrove and riverine forests, freshwater and brackish lakes and rangelands. The programme involves local communities to safeguard and improve the dwindling conditions of natural resources like forests, fisheries and wildlife species. By building their capacities and enhancing their participation in decision making, the campaign intends to make communities the stewards of their resources. It also aims to inculcate a sense of ownership and self-reliance among the local communities so that their dependence on natural resources could be reduced and they could take actions on self-help basis. An overwhelming response and participation by the local communities at the Programme's priority sites is an example of self-help development initiatives. Schoolchildren and youth groups also took part in the campaign in which three schools of The Citizen Foundation (TCF) in Keti Bunder planted 2,000 Neem trees on their respective campuses and about 6,000 trees were planted by various private and government schools in Shaheed Benazirabad, Sanghar and Thatta.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey to Understand Readers' Reactions About the New Layout
    A Survey to understand Readers’ Reactions about the New Layout Changes in the Daily Dawn Karachi Mehar-un-Nisa & Dr. Asmat Ara Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate and identify the reader’s response on the change of layout and content of Daily Dawn Karachi and to make recommendations for the management of Dawn to further improve the standard of the newspaper. This study also focuses on the reasons and factors to redesign the newspapers such as need of time, competition and technology. The study then elaborates the elements and components of layout. This study is based on Survey. The sample of 50 respondents (readers) was selected through snowball and convenience sampling. Keywords: Layout, Redesign, Layout Change, Modern Layout, factors for redesign of newspaper, Reader’s response, Layout acceptance. 43 Journal of Mass Communication, Vol. 12, May, 2015 Introduction Newspaper Readers are the group of people who regularly read a particular newspaper (Cambridge Dictionary, 2004). Every newspaper has a strong bond with each reader. Readers seem to be very sensitive and concerned to the newspaper they like to read. Bringing any change regarding content and layout of a particular newspaper may contribute to alter the reader’s behavior. Readers may accept it whole heartily or tries to adjust with it. In worst situation, the reader may switch to another newspaper leading to the undesirable condition - declining the circulation and readership of the newspaper. On the other hand, both changing and updating newspaper is an integral element of the newspaper growth. To tackle with this tricky situation where changing and updating newspapers is mandatory and taking care of readers’ demand is another task, the real goal is to find the middle way between.
    [Show full text]
  • Media Workers
    TENTATIVE LIST OF APPLICANTS WHO APPLIED IN MEMBERSHIP DRIVE PHASE - II QUOTA: MEDIA WORKERS DATE OF DATE OF MEMBERSHIP DRIVE S.NO CG NO CATEGORY APPLICANT NAME DESIGNTION DEPARTMENT MEMBERSHIP BIRTH DURATION STATION MANAGER 1 75178 I 4/14/2016 AMAN ULLAH 1/1/1965 STATION AVT KHYBER QUETTA 06-04-2015 to 13-05-2016 AVT KHYBER SENIOR STATION 2 72079 I 8/6/2015 SHEHARAM AHAHZAD 2/3/1979 GEO TV NETWORK 06-04-2015 to 13-05-2016 MANAGER CIRCULLATION DAILY NAWA I WAQT ZERO POINT G-7/1 3 5000 I 8/5/2015 MUHAMMAD HANIF 5/9/1960 06-04-2015 to 13-05-2016 MANAGER ISLAMMABAD ASSSISTAN GENRAL 4 57287 I 1/27/2016 ASIM KHAN EFFENDI 1/25/1969 06-04-2015 to 13-05-2016 NINAWALGER 5 59957 I 8/22/2015 EHSAN UL HAQ 7/20/1967 GENERAL MANEGER DAILY BALOCHISTAN TIME QUETA 06-04-2015 to 13-05-2016 SENIR STATION 6 77779 I 8/6/2015 SHEHARAM SHAHZAD 2/3/1979 GEO TV NAETWORK TECHNICAL 06-04-2015 to 13-05-2016 MANAGER 7 27937 I 8/6/2015 ALI RAZA 1/31/1968 C M MARKETING ADVENTISMENT 06-04-2015 to 13-05-2016 8 84763 I 5/13/2016 SYED INTISAR MEHDI 8/22/1978 DIRECTOR FINANCE MUNTAH E NOOR SACHAL TV PVT LTD 06-04-2015 to 13-05-2016 P.B.C HEAD QRS SHAHRAHE DASTUR 9 16965 I 5/5/2015 MIR BAHADAR KHAN 3/13/1958 CONTROLLER 06-04-2015 to 13-05-2016 ISLAMABAD MANAGER AGENCE FRANCE PRESS (NEW AGENCY) 10 27851 I 8/6/2015 SAJIDA WAJAHAT 11/14/1962 06-04-2015 to 13-05-2016 ADMINISTRATION 9-A ST 24 ,F-7/2 ISLAMMABAD 11 31702 I 12/31/2015 DUR MUHAMMAD KASI 3/10/1946 GENERAL MANAGER PTV QUETTA CENTR 06-04-2015 to 13-05-2016 12 60433 I 6/5/2015 AZHAR LATIF 3/18/1973 GM 06-04-2015 to 13-05-2016
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges for Independent News Media in Pakistan
    Challenges for Independent News Media in Pakistan A Report to the Center for International Media Assistance By Sherry Ricchiardi July 30, 2012 The Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA), at the National Endowment for Democracy, works to strengthen the support, raise the visibility, and improve the effectiveness of independent media development throughout the world. The Center provides information, builds networks, conducts research, and highlights the indispensable role independent media play in the creation and development of sustainable democracies. An important aspect of CIMA’s work is to research ways to attract additional U.S. private sector interest in and support for international media development. The Center was one of the of the main nongovernmental organizers of World Press Freedom Day 2011 in Washington, DC. CIMA convenes working groups, discussions, and panels on a variety of topics in the field of media development and assistance. The center also issues reports and recommendations based on working group discussions and other investigations. These reports aim to provide policymakers, as well as donors and practitioners, with ideas for bolstering the effectiveness of media assistance. Marguerite H. Sullivan Senior Director Center for International Media Assistance National Endowment for Democracy 1025 F Street, N.W., 8th Floor Washington, DC 20004 Phone: (202) 378-9700 Fax: (202) 378-9407 Email: [email protected] URL: http://cima.ned.org About the Author Sherry Ricchiardi Sherry Ricchiardi, Ph.D., is a senior writer for American Journalism Review (AJR), specializing in international issues, and a professor at the Indiana University School of Journalism. Since 2001, she has reported for AJR on media coverage of the conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, interviewing dozens of correspondents on the ground there.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan Freedom of Expression Report 2020
    PAKISTAN FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION REPORT 2020 Published in February 2021 by Media Matters for Democracy Prepared for the Civil society for Independent Media and Expression (CIME) initiative jointly undertaken by the Centre for Peace and Development Initiatives (CPDI), Media Matters for Democracy, and the Pakistan Press Foundation Design and Layout: Aniqa Haider Supported by the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR) programme of the European Union Disclaimer: This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of Media Matters for Democracy and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union. Moreover, efforts were made to ensure the accuracy of the contents. Given the developing nature of several issues discussed in this report, errors of omission are not deliberate and the organisation assumes no responsibility or liability for such errors of omission. (c) Media Matters for Democracy 2021 F-11 Markaz, Islamabad Tel: +92-51-2113314 Email: [email protected] Web: https://mediamatters.pk Pakistan Freedom of Expression Report 2020 i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Abbreviations ii List of Figures iii Executive Summary 1 1 Introduction 5 2 Methodology 7 3 Special Report: Covid-19 Impact 11 4 Legal Environment 15 4.1 Indicator Scores 16 4.2 Key Developments 17 4.3 Discussion 18 5 Press Freedom 21 5.1 Indicator Scores 22 5.2 Key Developments 23 5.3 Discussion 24 6 Digital Expression 29 6.1 Indicator
    [Show full text]
  • Individual's Perceptions with Reference to the Media Credibility and Media Preferences Are Becoming More Complex
    INDIVIDUAL‘S PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THE CREDIBILITY OF SOCIAL AND TRADITIONAL MEDIA AND ITS IMPACT ON MEDIA PREFERENCE IN PAKISTAN A THESIS SUBMITTED TO BEACONHOUSE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN MASS COMMUNICATION WAJID ZULQARNAIN Reg No.F2013-135 Supervisor PROF. DR. TAIMUR UL HASSAN SCHOOL OF MEDIA & MASS COMMUNICATION BEACONHOUSE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, LAHORE, PAKISTAN 2013-2016 1 Credibility of Social and Traditional Media in Pakistan ii Dedication Dedicated to those who pushed me or pulled me, loved me or left me, hurt me or helped me, who are all part of my progress. I "thank you all"! Credibility of Social and Traditional Media in Pakistan iii Declaration I, Wajid Zulqarnain, hereby declare that the matter printed in this thesis is my original work and has been carried out under the supervision of Prof Dr. Taimur ul Hassan, Dean, School of Media and Communication, Beacon House National University, Lahore. To the best of my knowledge, this thesis does not contain any material that has been submitted for the award of any other degree in any other university, neither does this thesis contain any material published or written previously by any other person, except in the text for which due references are given. Wajid Zulqarnain Credibility of Social and Traditional Media in Pakistan iv Certificate It is hereby certified that the thesis entitled ―Individual‘s Perceptions about the Credibility of Social and Traditional Media and its Impact on Media Preference in Pakistan‖ is based on original work carried out by Wajid Zulqarnain that has not been previously presented for the higher degree.
    [Show full text]