Umělá Inteligence Pro Openttd S Prvky Emotivního Chování

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Umělá Inteligence Pro Openttd S Prvky Emotivního Chování Masarykova univerzita Fakulta informatiky Umělá inteligence pro OpenTTD s prvky emotivního chování Bakalárska práca Michal Zopp Brno, jar 2018 Na tomto mieste sa v tlačenej práci nachádza oficiálne podpísané zadanie práce a vyhlásenie autora školského diela. Vyhlásenie Vyhlasujem, že táto bakalárska práca je mojím pôvodným autorským dielom, ktoré som vypracoval samostatne. Všetky zdroje, pramene a literatúru, ktoré som pri vypracovaní používal alebo z nich čerpal, v práci riadne citujem s uvedením úplného odkazu na príslušný zdroj. Michal Zopp Vedúci práce: Jaroslav Bayer i Poďakovanie Rád by som týmto poďakoval RNDr. Jaroslavovi Bayerovi za vedenie práce, odbornú pomoc, cenné rady pri implementácií a usmernenie pri testovaní. Ďalej by som chcel poďakovať svojej rodine a priateľke za podporu a pomoc pri korektúre práce. ii Zhrnutie Táto práca sa zameriava na rozšírenie umelej inteligencie o prvky emotívneho správania do hry Open Transport Tycoon Deluxe. Pojem emotívne správanie sa v kontexte práce chápe ako detekcia, obrana a reakcia na útoky smerované proti umelej inteligencií. Vytvoreńa umelá inteligencia sa snaží, čo najlepšie napodobniť správanie ľud- ského protivníka. Súčasťou práce je porovnanie dostupných umelých inteligencií a vybratie najlepšieho kandidáta na implementáciu vlast- ného emotívneho správania. Túto implementáciu následne porovnať pri výkone s ostatnými umelými inteligenciami. iii Kľúčové slová game AI, OpenTTD, emotions, Squirrel iv Obsah 1 Úvod 1 2 Open Transport Tycoon Deluxe 3 2.1 Cieľ hry ............................3 2.2 Popis hry ...........................4 3 Programové prostredie 7 3.1 Squirrel ............................7 3.2 NoAI framework .......................8 3.3 Štruktúra AI .........................9 3.4 Práca s AI ........................... 10 4 Typy útokov a obrana 12 4.1 Cestná doprava ........................ 12 4.2 Ostatné typy dopravy ..................... 16 5 Výber vhodnej umelej inteligencie 19 5.1 AdmiralAI ........................... 20 5.2 DictatorAI ........................... 21 5.3 SimpleAI ........................... 21 6 EmotionAI 22 6.1 Základné vlastnosti EmotionAI ................ 22 6.2 Návrh a implementácia EmotionAI .............. 23 6.3 Implementačné detaily .................... 25 7 Porovnanie 29 7.1 Výsledky testov celkovej úspešnosti EmotionAI ....... 29 7.2 Výsledky testov samostatných AI ............... 32 7.3 EmotionAI vs AdmiralAI ................... 35 8 Sumarizácia 37 8.1 Možné vylepšenia do budúcna ................ 37 8.2 Záver ............................. 38 v Zoznam tabuliek 5.1 Zostávajúce AI po aplikácií uvedených parametrov 20 7.1 Tabuľka hodnôt spoločnosti AdmiralAI (v tisícoch £) pri zablokovaniu ciest 33 7.2 Tabuľka hodnôt spoločnosti EmotionlAI (v tisícoch £) pri zablokovaniu ciest 34 vi Zoznam obrázkov 2.1 Stavebné menu pre cestnú dopravu 5 2.2 Stavebné menu pre železničnú dopravu 5 4.1 Jednoduché zablokovanie cesty 13 4.2 Príklad obchádzky pre jednoduchú aj pokročilú blokádu cesty 14 4.3 Zablokovanie príjazdovej cesty do mesta 14 4.4 Vozidlo je stratené 15 4.5 Príklad dvoch staníc pri jednom priemysle 16 4.6 Príklad zrazeného auta na priecestí a následná správa 17 4.7 Príklad zablokovania lode v prístave 18 6.1 Ukážka závislostí medzi triedami v EmotionAI 23 6.2 Príklad pre použitie funkcie IsLevelCrossingTile() 25 6.3 Špirálovitá analýza políčok od daného stredu 27 7.1 Výsledky testov pre mapu 256x256, príjem spoločností 30 7.2 Výsledky testov pre mapu 256x256, hodnota spoločností 30 7.3 Výsledky testov pre mapu 1024x1024, príjem spoločností 31 7.4 Výsledky testov pre mapu 1024x1024, hodnota spoločností 32 7.5 Výsledky kontrolných testov 35 7.6 Výsledky testov cestných blokád 36 vii 1 Úvod Význam umelej inteligencie (ďalej iba AI) sa v poslednej dobe dostáva do popredia, ako možné riešenie problému, nie pomocou striktných počítačových pravidiel, ale vlastným úsudkom. Všetky tieto riešenia majú spoločné to, že nikto nenapísal programu, ako presne má postu- povať, ale on si to zistil sám. AI má potenciál pre mnoho využití, od samo jazdiacich áut až po odhady v ekonómii či prístrojoch v zdravot- níctve [GP95]. Táto bakalárska práca sa zameriava na tvorbu AI pre hru Open Transport Tycoon Deluxe (ďalej iba OpenTTD). AI sú v dnešnom her- nom svete veľmi rozšírené a obľúbené. Príkladom umelej inteligencie v hrách môžu byť takzvaní počítačom ovládaní protivníci, generovanie hráčskej plochy alebo aj simulácie. AI v hrách sa prevažne chápe ako sada algoritmov, ktoré zahŕňajú okrem iného, aj techniky kontroly riadenia. Herné AI teda nepredstavujú „reálne“ umelé inteligencie v tom zmysle, že by sa učili z veľkého množstva dát a rozhodujú na ich základe o výsledku, ale fungujú nad vopred určenou množinou vstupov a produkujú obmedzený počet odpovedí [Mil06]. Cieľom tejto práce je rozšírenie niektorej existujúcej umelej inteli- gencie pre hru OpenTTD o emocionálnu stránku. Hlavným rozdielom od ostatných iných AI pre OpenTTD je, že bude reagovať na rôzne ak- cie z pohľadu hernej stratégie druhého hráča. Pod pojmom „emotívne správanie“ v umelej inteligencii si teda môžeme predstaviť bližšie na- podobnenie správanie ľudského hráča. Takáto AI má teda za úlohu, čo najlepšie replikovať správanie reálneho hráča. Hra dovoľuje naprí- klad zablokovanie cesty tak, aby nebol možný prejazd vozidiel. Po zistení tejto skutočnosti bude vytvorená AI, podľa dostupných pros- triedkov, na túto skutočnosť adekvátne reagovať. Následne sa bude snažiť majiteľovi tejto zátarasy oplatiť jeho zlomyseľné správanie. Kapitola 2 predstavuje základné charakteristiky hry OpenTTD, po- pisuje možnosti hry a jej hlavný cieľ. Na programovanie AI do hry OpenTTD je nutné sa zoznámiť s princípmi jazyka Squirrel a kostrou umelej inteligencie, ktorá je popísaná v kapitole 3. V kapitole 4 sú popísané možné útoky hráčov, ktoré sú v hre realizovateľné. V tejto kapitole sú taktiež možné spôsoby obrany proti daným útokom. Práca zahrňuje výber najlepšieho kandidáta zo zoznamu umelých inteligen- 1 1. Úvod cií 1 a vylepšenie jej emocionálneho správania. Tento proces, ako aj bližší popis iných AI zo zoznamu, je popísaný v kapitole 5. Kapitola 6 obsahuje konkrétnu implementáciu a rozširovanie vybranej AI. Ka- pitola taktiež popisuje komplikácie ktoré nastali pri implementácií rôznych útokov popísaných v kapitole 4. Kapitola 7 obsahuje porovna- nie AI v rámci celkového zárobku. V poslednej kapitole sa nachádza sumarizácia práce a možné vylepšenia AI do budúcna. 1. https://bananas.openttd.org/en/ai/ 2 2 Open Transport Tycoon Deluxe Hra OpenTTD je pokračovanie pôvodnej budovateľskej hry Transport Tycoon Deluxe od firmy MicroProse z roku 1994, ktorá bola podporo- vaná iba na operačných systémoch DOS. Dnes je OpenTTD oficiálne preložená a spustená na rôznych platformách, ako napríklad Micro- soft Windows či Linux. Neoficiálne podporované platformy sú okrem iného, aj mobilné zariadenia. OpenTTD preberá všetky vlastnosti pô- vodnej hry a rozširuje ju o možnosť nastavenia veľkosti mapy, hru pre viac hráčov, jazykovú lokalizáciu, zvuky a podporu pre AI. Hra je do- stupná pod licenciou GNU General Public Licence verzia 2.0 (GPLv2). To znamená, že je každému umožnené pridávať vyššie spomenutú funkcionalitu bez striktných legálnych obmedzení. OpenTTD už podľa svojho názvu vzbudzuje dojem, že v hre nie je núdza o rôzne formy doplnkov, či už z oblasti grafiky alebo hrateľ- nosti hry. Tieto doplnky môžu byť vytvorené aj komunitou hry. Takto vytvorené doplnky sú voľne dostupné a ďalej modifikovateľné podľa vlastnej potreby. 2.1 Cieľ hry Cieľom hry je dosiahnuť čo najväčšiu hodnotu spoločnosti v ustano- venom konečnom čase (typicky do roku 2050). Hodnota spoločnosti zahrňuje celkový príjem, počet staníc, dopravných prostriedkov, doru- čeného tovaru a podobne. Na dosiahnutie tohto cieľa sú k dispozícii tieto druhy prepravy: • cestná – najlacnejšia, výhodná aj v neskorších štádiách hry, pri rozvíjaní mesta, • železničná – možnosť prevozu iba jednej vlakovej súpravy na určitom úseku železnice v daný čas, • letecká – najrýchlejšia, drahá, potreba širokého priestoru pre letiská, • lodná – najpomalšia, výhodná v neskorších štádiách hry. 3 2. Open Transport Tycoon Deluxe Hra začína v roku 1950 s vygenerovanými mestami a priemys- lami, podľa daných špecifikácií hry (nastavenie sa dá zmeniť pred začatím hry). Kdekoľvek na mape je možná stavba staníc a následná preprava tovaru alebo ľudí z jednej stanice do druhej. Kúpa doprav- ného prostriedku je možná v depe. Pre každý typ dopravy je iné depo. Následne, podľa nastavenia jednotlivého dopravného prostriedku, je možné určiť spôsob plnenia nákladu (percentuálne, vždy doplna). Vý- sledná cena za prepravu daného materiálu alebo ľudí je potom určená jeho množstvom, vzdialenosťou staníc a rýchlosťou prepravy. V hre je zavedené takzvané starnutie dopravných prostriedkov, čiže je po- trebná neustála kontrola spoľahlivosti liniek a obmieňanie chybných dopravných prostriedkov. 2.2 Popis hry Po vygenerovaní mapy sa hráč ocitne vo svete plnom osamelých prie- myselných zón a miest. Hráč sa môže cítiť bezradne, lebo na prvý pohľad nemusí byť vôbec jasné, ako v hre postupovať. Napriek tomu je veľmi jednoduché pochopiť, ako a kde hľadať potrebné veci. Všetko v OpenTTD sa dá ovládať z hlavného horného panela hry. Hráč tam nájde všetko potrebné, od grafického nastavenia hry až po signalizačné semafory pre vlaky. Pred začatím stavby si najprv hráč musí rozmyslieť a zrátať, ktorá možnosť je pre neho podľa dostupných údajov na mape najvýhodnejšia. Keď sa hráč rozhodne pre cestnú dopravu, stačí
Recommended publications
  • OFELIA Bridge Setup
    Bridging Devices onto the OFELIA Testbed David R Newman December 10, 2013 1 Introduction The OFELIA testbed makes it possible to bridge devices onto slices created via an island's Expedient site. This document will provide instructions on how to bridge both Linux and Windows devices. OpenVPN is the best suited application for setting up an Ethernet bridge from a Linux virtual machine on the OFELIA testbed. It can be installed as a server package on most Linux distributions and as a client on most Linux and Windows distributions. OpenVPN's Linux instructions on how to do setup an Ethernet bridge using OpenVPN can be found at: http://openvpn.net/index.php/open-source/documentation/miscellaneous/76-ethernet-bridging.html This guide is an adaptation of these instructions for setting up an Ethernet bridge to an OFELIA island virtual machine. It assumes that you have already: 1. Created your own OFELIA account. 2. Connected to the OFELIA testbed network over VPN. 3. Created a project through an OFELIA island's Expedient website . 4. Added a slice to that project. 5. Created a couple of virtual machines on the OFELIA island's virtual machine servers. 6. Congured a owspace connecting together these virtual machines with one or more switches. Section 2 describes the project, test slice and owspace used as an exemplar in this guide. If you need help getting to a similar point follow the instructions at: https://alpha.fp7-ofelia.eu/doc/index.php/Working_with_the_OFELIA_Control_Framework Section 3 describes how to generate the server-side conguration for Ethernet bridging and section 4 how to generate the client-side conguration.
    [Show full text]
  • Openbsd Gaming Resource
    OPENBSD GAMING RESOURCE A continually updated resource for playing video games on OpenBSD. Mr. Satterly Updated August 7, 2021 P11U17A3B8 III Title: OpenBSD Gaming Resource Author: Mr. Satterly Publisher: Mr. Satterly Date: Updated August 7, 2021 Copyright: Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal Email: [email protected] Website: https://MrSatterly.com/ Contents 1 Introduction1 2 Ways to play the games2 2.1 Base system........................ 2 2.2 Ports/Editors........................ 3 2.3 Ports/Emulators...................... 3 Arcade emulation..................... 4 Computer emulation................... 4 Game console emulation................. 4 Operating system emulation .............. 7 2.4 Ports/Games........................ 8 Game engines....................... 8 Interactive fiction..................... 9 2.5 Ports/Math......................... 10 2.6 Ports/Net.......................... 10 2.7 Ports/Shells ........................ 12 2.8 Ports/WWW ........................ 12 3 Notable games 14 3.1 Free games ........................ 14 A-I.............................. 14 J-R.............................. 22 S-Z.............................. 26 3.2 Non-free games...................... 31 4 Getting the games 33 4.1 Games............................ 33 5 Former ways to play games 37 6 What next? 38 Appendices 39 A Clones, models, and variants 39 Index 51 IV 1 Introduction I use this document to help organize my thoughts, files, and links on how to play games on OpenBSD. It helps me to remember what I have gone through while finding new games. The biggest reason to read or at least skim this document is because how can you search for something you do not know exists? I will show you ways to play games, what free and non-free games are available, and give links to help you get started on downloading them.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 Open Source Yearbook
    Opensource.com/yearbook . ........ OPENSOURCE.COM ................... Opensource.com publishes stories about creating, adopting, and sharing open source solutions. Visit Opensource.com to learn more about how the open source way is improving technologies, education, business, government, health, law, entertainment, humanitarian efforts, and more. Submit a story idea: https://opensource.com/story Email us: [email protected] Chat with us in Freenode IRC: #opensource.com Twitter @opensourceway: https://twitter.com/opensourceway Google+: https://plus.google.com/+opensourceway Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/opensourceway Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/opensourceway FROM THE EDITOR ............................. Dear Open Source Yearbook reader, The “open source” label was created back in 1998, not long after I got my start in tech publishing [1]. Fast forward to late 2014, when I was thinking about how much open source technologies, commu- nities, and business models have changed since 1998. I realized that there was no easy way—like a yearbook—to thumb through tech history to get a feel for open source. Sure, you can flip through the virtual pages of a Google search and read the “Best of” lists collected by a variety of technical publications and writers, much like you can thumb through newspapers from the 1980s to see the how big we wore our shoulder pads, neon clothing, and hair back then. But neither research method is particularly efficient, nor do they provide snapshots that show diversity within communities and moments of time. The idea behind the Open Source Yearbook is to collaborate with open source communities to collect a diverse range of stories from the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Transport Tycoon Android Download
    Transport tycoon android download Transport tycoon business simulation game. Online multiplayer games are available, as well as a single-player against computer. How to play. Build the ultimate transport empire! Take control of your own fledgling transport company, and use your engineering skill and business acumen to keep cargo. Build the ultimate transport empire! "Highly recommended" - Touch Arcade (* * * * ½, Game of the Week) "A fine example of a sim done well" - Pocket Gamer. Download free Android game Transport Tycoon apk. Find tons of the best games for any Android tablet and phone: Transport Tycoon and many others at. TRANSPORT TYCOON is the definitive version of the classic simulation game, created by TransportTycoon' folder to 'sdcard/Android/Obb/' Launch the game[/b]]. Download Transport Tycoon for Android. Transport people and goods in Transport Tycoon for Android. TRANSPORT TYCOON APK Free Download wih 0bb data latest version. Download Full APK of TRANSPORT TYCOON free download for. Transport Tycoon (MOD, unlocked) - build from scratch his own shipping company, and use the native business engineer and the ability of the ruling. Download Transport Tycoon v and build your empire now! Requirements: Android Features of Transport Tycoon (Full) for Android. Transport Tycoon (MOD, unlocked) - Discover new ways to train and its large empire. Build a new means of transport to be ahead of the previous ones. Create. An open source simulator based on the classic game Transport Tycoon Deluxe. Download OpenTTD Latest version: · Learn how to play Read our wiki. Android App on Google Play. Amazon App Store For Android. “Transport Tycoon is in many ways the precursor of world-building games like Minecraft that have.
    [Show full text]
  • Artificial Intelligence for the Openttd Game
    Technical University of Denmark Department of Informatics and Mathematical Modeling Master Thesis Artificial Intelligence for the OpenTTD Game Author: Supervisor: Maciej Wisniewski Dr. Carsten Witt Kongens Lyngby 2011 IMM-M.Sc.-2011-56 Technical University of Denmark Informatics and Mathematical Modelling Building 321, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark Phone +45 45253351, Fax +45 45882673 [email protected] www.imm.dtu.dk IMM-M.Sc.: ISSN 0909-3192 Abstract This master thesis project report is a result of an analysis of artificial intelligence applications in the field of transport management, focusing on optimal economic strategy and based on the example of OpenTTD, a simulation game. During this analysis a custom artificial intelligent agent has been designed and implemented for this game. OpenTTD is a simulation game available for free on its website, as an open-source project. The objective of the game is to create and manage your own transport company and potentially achieve the best performance company ratings. The project presented had several specified aims. In the beginning the author gives a brief game description and describes related problems which are solvable through the usage of knowledge from the field of artificial intelligence. In the next chapters an analysis of human behaviors, playing strategies and a typical human approach to the game is presented. The game API and artificial intelligence implementation language Squirrel are investigated and learned. Based on the gained knowledge existing artificial intelligence implementations and their designs are analyzed and described. Comparison classes and properties for categorization of artificial players are determined. Using these results and the gathered knowledge an artificial intelligence called SPRING is im- plemented and presented.
    [Show full text]
  • Adjustable Artificial Intelligence for Openttd
    Masaryk University Faculty of Informatics Adjustable Artificial Intelligence for OpenTTD Bachelor’s Thesis Tereza Katreniaková Brno, Spring 2020 Masaryk University Faculty of Informatics Adjustable Artificial Intelligence for OpenTTD Bachelor’s Thesis Tereza Katreniaková Brno, Spring 2020 This is where a copy of the official signed thesis assignment and a copy ofthe Statement of an Author is located in the printed version of the document. Declaration Hereby I declare that this paper is my original authorial work, which I have worked out on my own. All sources, references, and literature used or excerpted during elaboration of this work are properly cited and listed in complete reference to the due source. Tereza Katreniaková Advisor: RNDr. Mgr. Jaroslav Bayer i Acknowledgements iii Abstract This thesis aims to implement artificial intelligence (AI) for the com- puter game OpenTTD with the ability to set the properties and behav- ior of the AI directly in the game. iv Keywords OpenTTD, NoAI API, AI, Squirrel v Contents Introduction 1 1 Open Transport Tycoon Deluxe 3 Introduction 3 1.1 Game objective ........................3 1.2 Infrastructure .........................3 vii List of Tables ix List of Figures xi Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of study in computer science that focuses on research and the design of intelligent agents. An intelligent agent is an autonomous entity, which observes the surrounding en- vironment and takes actions to maximize the chance of successfully achieving its goals. The definition of intelligent agents varies between characteristics such as accommodating new problem-solving rules incrementally, adapting online and in real-time, learning through in- teraction with the environment, learning from large amounts of data, having memory-based exemplar storage, having parameters to repre- sent short and long term memory..
    [Show full text]
  • Simutrans Ativador Download
    Simutrans Ativador Download Download >>> http://bit.ly/2QJudU9 About This Game Simutrans is an open-source transportation simulation game available for Windows, Mac, and Linux. Your goal is to establish a successful transport company and build the nec 5d3b920ae0 Title: Simutrans Genre: Simulation Developer: The Simutrans Team Publisher: Open Source Publishing Release Date: 24 May, 2016 Minimum: OS: Windows XP or above Processor: 1 Ghz or faster processor Memory: 512 MB RAM English,French,German,Czech,Hungarian,Japanese,Korean,Portuguese,Simplified Chinese,Traditional Chinese,Italian,Dutch,Finnish,Polish,Russian,Swedish,Ukrainian simutrans vs ootd. simutrans infinite money. youtube simutrans tutorial. simutrans how to play. simutrans download mac. simutrans france. simutrans city growth. simutrans mac os x. simutrans addons download. simutrans pak128 britain addons. simutrans train signals. simutrans license. simutrans 120.4.1. simutrans buy house. simutrans new industry. simutrans heightmaps. simutrans rail signals. simutrans paks. simutrans world. download game simutrans indonesia. simutrans electricity. simutrans timetable. simutrans install. simutrans download pak. simutrans subway. simutrans source code download. simutrans 120.4. simutrans beginner mode. simutrans download windows 10. simutrans change year. juego simutrans. simutrans replace 1 / 3 stop. simutrans 2019. simutrans kostenlos. simutrans news. simutrans maps. simutrans windows. simutrans uk. simutrans food addon. simutrans review. simutrans how to make money. simutrans mac download. simutrans pak128 files. simutrans download source. simutrans latest version. simutrans osx. simutrans server. simutrans 64 128. simutrans newest version. simutrans youtube. simutrans freeplay. simutrans month wait time. simutrans 2. simutrans vs ottd. simutrans cheat money. simutrans 80. simutrans addons folder. simutrans double track. simutrans 128. simutrans cz download. simutrans choose signal.
    [Show full text]
  • Computation Offloading for Sophisticated Mobile-Games
    Computation Offloading for Sophisticated Mobile-Games M. Jiang Utrecht University Computation Offloading for Sophisticated Mobile-Games by M. Jiang in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Game and Media Technology at the Utrecht University, Supervisors: Dr. ir. S.W.B. Wishnu, Utrecht University Dr. ir. A. Iosup, Delft University of Technology Ir. O.W. Visser, Delft University of Technology Thesis committee: Dr. A. Egges, Utrecht University Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Related Work 3 3 The Offloading Framework 7 3.1 Architecture . 7 3.2 Tick Synchronization . 8 3.3 Program Partitioning. 11 3.4 Offloading Control . 13 3.5 Offloading Decision . 14 3.6 Limitations . 14 4 Experimental Setup 17 4.1 OpenTTD. 17 4.2 Offloading OpenTTD . 19 4.3 Setup . 20 4.3.1 Game Settings and Save Games . 20 4.3.2 Offloading Parameters . 21 4.3.3 Devices . 22 4.3.4 Offloading Strategies. 23 4.3.5 Data Recording . 24 4.3.6 Experiment Sets . 24 5 Results 27 5.1 Performance . 27 5.2 Game Smoothness . 29 5.3 Game Responsiveness . 31 5.4 Bandwidth Usage. 32 5.5 Offloading Strategies. 34 5.6 Power Consumption . 36 5.7 Game Consistency . 37 6 Conclusions and Future Work 39 6.1 Conclusions . 39 6.2 Future Work. 40 Bibliography 43 3 1 Introduction Mobile gaming [1] is currently a market with incredible growth with new games continually being released for various platforms including Windows, iOS and Android [2]. However, mobile platforms like smart phones and tablets have limited computational power which only allows them to play fairly simple games.
    [Show full text]
  • Albert Morgese [email protected]
    EECS 481 Homework 6b Albert Morgese [email protected] April 16, 2018 Selected Project For this assignment, I have contributed to the OpenRCT2 project (https://github.com/OpenRCT2/OpenRCT2). OpenRCT2 is an open-source reverse-engineering of Chris Sawyer's Roller Coaster Tycoon 2, reimplemented in C++. The reimplementation has been complete since December 2016, but many new features have since been added, as well as fixes for a number of bugs from the original game. Project Context OpenRCT2, which began in April 2014, follows in the tradition of OpenTTD, a similar reverse-engineering project from about ten years prior of Chris Sawyer's previous game, Transport Tycoon Deluxe. Like OpenTTD, OpenRCT2 was created out of a desire to extend the original game's features and support additional modern platforms. Some of the notable added features include online multiplayer, arbitrary resolutions, OSX/Linux/Android support, fast-forwarding, and hardware rendering via OpenGL. One important detail about OpenRCT2 is that it still requires a copy of the original game to import assets from, even though all the code of the game has been reimplemented. This contrasts with OpenTTD, whose community has created free asset packs from scratch for distribution with the game. As such, OpenRCT2 does not have the immediate accessibility of OpenTTD, but it is still very much the preferred way to play Rollercoaster Tycoon and Rollercoaster Tycoon 2 on a modern computer. Project Governance OpenRCT2 has fairly well-structured contribution protocols. The project makes use of the “gitflow" work- flow, which essentially involves a master branch for stable releases, a development branch for the latest changes, and individual feature and hotfix branches as necessary.
    [Show full text]
  • A Portable User-Level Approach for System-Wide Integrity Protection†
    A Portable User-Level Approach for System-wide Integrity Protectiony Wai-Kit Sze and R. Sekar Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY, USA ABSTRACT • Difficulty of secure policy enforcement. Non-bypassable poli- In this paper, we develop an approach for protecting system in- cies usually have to be enforced in the OS kernel. They are usu- tegrity from untrusted code that may harbor sophisticated malware. ally much harder to develop than user-level defenses. Moreover, We develop a novel dual-sandboxing architecture to confine not kernel-based solutions cannot be easily ported across different only untrusted, but also benign processes. Our sandboxes place OSes, or even different versions of the same OS. only a few restrictions, thereby permitting most applications to An alternative to sandboxing is isolated execution of untrusted code. function normally. Our implementation is performed entirely at One-way isolation [15, 23] permits untrusted software to read any- the user-level, requiring no changes to the kernel. This enabled us thing, but its outputs are held in isolation. Two-way isolation limits to port the system easily from Linux to BSD. Our experimental re- both reads and writes, holding the inputs as well as outputs of un- sults show that our approach preserves the usability of applications, trusted applications in an isolated environment. The app model on while offering strong protection and good performance. Moreover, Android, Apple iOS, and Windows 8 sandbox are generally based policy development is almost entirely automated, sparing users and on this two-way isolation model. administrators this cumbersome and difficult task. Isolation approaches provide stronger protection from malware since they block all interactions between untrusted and benign soft- 1.
    [Show full text]
  • List of TCP and UDP Port Numbers - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia List of TCP and UDP Port Numbers from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    8/21/2014 List of TCP and UDP port numbers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia List of TCP and UDP port numbers From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This is a list of Internet socket port numbers used by protocols of the Transport Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite for the establishment of host-to-host connectivity. Originally, port numbers were used by the Network Control Program (NCP) which needed two ports for half duplex transmission. Later, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) needed only one port for bidirectional traffic. The even numbered ports were not used, and this resulted in some even numbers in the well-known port number range being unassigned. The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) and the Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) also use port numbers. They usually use port numbers that match the services of the corresponding TCP or UDP implementation, if they exist. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses.[1] However, many unofficial uses of both well-known and registered port numbers occur in practice. Contents 1 Table legend 2 Well-known ports 3 Registered ports 4 Dynamic, private or ephemeral ports 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Table legend Use Description Color Official Port is registered with IANA for the application[1] White Unofficial Port is not registered with IANA for the application Blue Multiple use Multiple applications are known to use this port. Yellow Well-known ports The port numbers in the range from 0 to 1023 are the well-known ports or system ports.[2] They are used by system processes that provide widely used types of network services.
    [Show full text]
  • Desarrollo De Videojuegos En 2D Usando Simple Directmedia Layer, SDL
    Memoria Trabajo Fin de Grado Desarrollo de videojuegos en 2D usando Simple DirectMedia Layer, SDL Autor: Jorge Santiago Buffa Casalis Tutor: Agustín Rafael Trujillo Pino Departamento de Informática y Sistemas Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Julio 2013 Índice de contenido 1. Introducción......................................................................................................................................5 1.1 Objetivos....................................................................................................................................7 1.2 Competencias que hay que cubrir .............................................................................................9 1.3 Aportaciones............................................................................................................................10 2. Estado actual...................................................................................................................................13 2.1 Historia de los videojuegos......................................................................................................13 2.2 Actualidad................................................................................................................................18 2.3 Tetris........................................................................................................................................23 2.4 Plataformas..............................................................................................................................24
    [Show full text]