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Section 7: Criminal Offense, Criminal Responsibility, and Commission of a Criminal Offense
63 Section 7: Criminal Offense, Criminal Responsibility, and Commission of a Criminal Offense Article 15: Criminal Offense A criminal offense is an unlawful act: (a) that is prescribed as a criminal offense by law; (b) whose characteristics are specified by law; and (c) for which a penalty is prescribed by law. Commentary This provision reiterates some of the aspects of the principle of legality and others relating to the purposes and limits of criminal legislation. Reference should be made to Article 2 (“Purpose and Limits of Criminal Legislation”) and Article 3 (“Principle of Legality”) and their accompanying commentaries. Article 16: Criminal Responsibility A person who commits a criminal offense is criminally responsible if: (a) he or she commits a criminal offense, as defined under Article 15, with intention, recklessness, or negligence as defined in Article 18; IOP573A_ModelCodes_Part1.indd 63 6/25/07 10:13:18 AM 64 • General Part, Section (b) no lawful justification exists under Articles 20–22 of the MCC for the commission of the criminal offense; (c) there are no grounds excluding criminal responsibility for the commission of the criminal offense under Articles 2–26 of the MCC; and (d) there are no other statutorily defined grounds excluding criminal responsibility. Commentary When a person is found criminally responsible for the commission of a criminal offense, he or she can be convicted of this offense, and a penalty or penalties may be imposed upon him or her as provided for in the MCC. Article 16 lays down the elements required for a finding of criminal responsibility against a person. -
St. Michael the Archangel Roman Catholic Church
ST. MICHAEL THE ARCHANGEL ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH PARISH PASTORAL PLAN 2021 Letter to the Parish September 29, 2016 Feast of the Archangels Dear Sisters and Brothers in the Lord, Canonically established in 1830, our parish will celebrate its Centennial in only 14 years. Today we rejoice in past accomplishments while planning for the future. During this Year of Jubilee, occasioned by the celebration of the Year of Mercy, we have sought to access our vitality and published a new Parish Pastoral Plan. For many years now our parish has been organized according to the Archdiocesan Indicators of Vitality. These indicators of Worship, Education, Service, Community, and Administration/Stewardship were set forth by Cardinal Wuerl in 2013. Worship: The heart of the Church is the celebration of the sacraments, particularly the Eucharist. From the Eucharist flows all the worship, prayer, acts of charity and faith formation. Possible areas for discussion may include full, active and conscious participation in liturgy; homilies that are appropriate to the needs and cares of Catholics today; the quality of music and singing; the cultural needs of a diverse Church, and parish involvement in the Rite of Election. Education: Forming the lay faithful for mission depends on a variety of educational programs. Assessing the Church’s ability to teach the faith to parishioners of all ages is essential. Possible areas for discussion may include effective formation for adults who have not been catechized; Catholic schools and religious education programs that successfully transmit the faith; catechetical programs for adults and children with special needs; ways in which the Church teaches, and the importance of religious liberty. -
The Fundamentals of Constitutional Courts
Constitution Brief April 2017 Summary The Fundamentals of This Constitution Brief provides a basic guide to constitutional courts and the issues that they raise in constitution-building processes, and is Constitutional Courts intended for use by constitution-makers and other democratic actors and stakeholders in Myanmar. Andrew Harding About MyConstitution 1. What are constitutional courts? The MyConstitution project works towards a home-grown and well-informed constitutional A written constitution is generally intended to have specific and legally binding culture as an integral part of democratic transition effects on citizens’ rights and on political processes such as elections and legislative and sustainable peace in Myanmar. Based on procedure. This is not always true: in the People’s Republic of China, for example, demand, expert advisory services are provided it is clear that constitutional rights may not be enforced in courts of law and the to those involved in constitution-building efforts. constitution has only aspirational, not juridical, effects. This series of Constitution Briefs is produced as If a constitution is intended to be binding there must be some means of part of this effort. enforcing it by deciding when an act or decision is contrary to the constitution The MyConstitution project also provides and providing some remedy where this occurs. We call this process ‘constitutional opportunities for learning and dialogue on review’. Constitutions across the world have devised broadly two types of relevant constitutional issues based on the constitutional review, carried out either by a specialized constitutional court or history of Myanmar and comparative experience. by courts of general legal jurisdiction. -
Do Diffusion Protocols Govern Cascade Growth?
Proceedings of the Twelfth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM 2018) Do Diffusion Protocols Govern Cascade Growth? Justin Cheng,1 Jon Kleinberg,2 Jure Leskovec,3 David Liben-Nowell,4 Bogdan State,1 Karthik Subbian,1 Lada Adamic1 [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 1Facebook, 2Cornell University, 3Stanford University, 4Carleton College Abstract Large cascades can develop in online social networks as peo- ple share information with one another. Though simple re- share cascades have been studied extensively, the full range of cascading behaviors on social media is much more di- verse. Here we study how diffusion protocols, or the social ex- changes that enable information transmission, affect cascade growth, analogous to the way communication protocols de- fine how information is transmitted from one point to another. Studying 98 of the largest information cascades on Facebook, we find a wide range of diffusion protocols – from cascading reshares of images, which use a simple protocol of tapping a single button for propagation, to the ALS Ice Bucket Chal- lenge, whose diffusion protocol involved individuals creating and posting a video, and then nominating specific others to do the same. We find recurring classes of diffusion protocols, and identify two key counterbalancing factors in the con- struction of these protocols, with implications for a cascade’s growth: the effort required to participate in the cascade, and Figure 1: The diffusion tree of a cascade with a volunteer the social cost of staying on the sidelines. -
The Free Exercise Boundaries of Permissible Accommodation Under the Establishment Clause
The Free Exercise Boundaries of Permissible Accommodation Under the Establishment Clause Jonathan E. Nuechterlein The free exercise clause1 instructs the government to lift state-imposed burdens on religion where the costs of doing so are reasonable. Thus, ab- sent a "compelling" state interest,2 the government must exempt people from generally applicable requirements that burden their religious obliga- tions.3 By contrast, the establishment clause forbids the government to pass laws for the purpose of advancing religion.4 According to the Supreme Court, the principles underlying these two clauses are mutually inconsistent.5 Justice O'Connor remarks: "It is disin- genuous to look for a purely secular purpose when the manifest objective of a statute is to facilitate the free exercise of religion by lifting a govern- ment-imposed burden."' Many commentators agree that such "accommo- dation" of religion-whether enacted by a legislature or compelled by a court-inevitably reveals a purpose that the establishment clause forbids.' 1. U.S. CONST. amend. I reads in part: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. ..." 2. See, e.g., Sherbert v. Verner, 374 U.S. 398, 406 (1963). Interests that are "compelling" in the free exercise context often would not be "compelling" in the equal protection context (where virtually no interest is compelling). See, e.g., United States v. Lee, 455 U.S. 252, 262-63 (1982) (Stevens, J., concurring) (suggesting that Court applies lower standard in free exercise cases than it professes). Thus, the required state interest is more aptly termed "substantial." 3. -
Free Exercise and Individualized Exemptions: Herein of Smith, Sherbert, Hogwarts, and Religious Liberty Richard F
Nebraska Law Review Volume 83 | Issue 4 Article 5 2005 Free Exercise and Individualized Exemptions: Herein of Smith, Sherbert, Hogwarts, and Religious Liberty Richard F. Duncan University of Nebraska College of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nlr Recommended Citation Richard F. Duncan, Free Exercise and Individualized Exemptions: Herein of Smith, Sherbert, Hogwarts, and Religious Liberty, 83 Neb. L. Rev. (2004) Available at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nlr/vol83/iss4/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law, College of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nebraska Law Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Richard F. Duncan* Free Exercise and Individualized Exemptions: Herein of Smith, Sherbert, Hogwarts, and Religious Liberty TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction .......................................... 1179 II. The Transfiguration of Sherbert and Its Progeny ....... 1180 A. The Sherbert Line of Cases ........................ 1180 B. The Transfiguration of Sherbert ................... 1184 C. A Categorical Rule: An Individualized Process for Allocating Governmental Benefits and Burdens Is Not Generally Applicable .......................... 1186 III. Protecting Religious Liberty Under the Categorical R ule .................................................. 1190 A. Some Thoughtful Decisions ........................ 1190 1. The Tenafly Eruv Case ........................ 1190 2. The Case of the Acting Student Who Refused To Curse God ..................................... 1192 3. The Case of the College Freshman Who Wanted To Live Off Campus ........................... 1194 4. The Case of the Native American Holy Man and His Black Bears ............................... 1197 B. The Categorical Rule Applied ...................... 1198 IV. Conclusion ............................................ 1202 © Copyright held by the NEBRASKA LAW REVIEW. -
Hanging on to the Edges Hanging on to the Edges
DANIEL NETTLE Hanging on to the Edges Hanging on to the Edges Essays on Science, Society and the Academic Life D ANIEL Essays on Science, Society I love this book. I love the essays and I love the overall form. Reading these essays feels like entering into the best kind of intellectual conversati on—it makes me want and the Academic Life to write essays in reply. It makes me want to get everyone else reading it. I almost N never feel this enthusiasti c about a book. ETTLE —Rebecca Saxe, Professor of Cogniti ve Science at MIT What does it mean to be a scien� st working today; specifi cally, a scien� st whose subject ma� er is human life? Scien� sts o� en overstate their claim to certainty, sor� ng the world into categorical dis� nc� ons that obstruct rather than clarify its complexi� es. In this book Daniel Ne� le urges the reader to unpick such DANIEL NETTLE dis� nc� ons—biological versus social sciences, mind versus body, and nature versus nurture—and look instead for the for puzzles and anomalies, the points of Hanging on to the Edges connec� on and overlap. These essays, converted from o� en humorous, some� mes autobiographical blog posts, form an extended medita� on on the possibili� es and frustra� ons of the life scien� fi c. Pragma� cally arguing from the intersec� on between social and biological sciences, Ne� le reappraises the virtues of policy ini� a� ves such as Universal Basic Income and income redistribu� on, highligh� ng the traps researchers and poli� cians are liable to encounter. -
The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce
m ill iiiii;!: t!;:!iiii; PS Al V-ID BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF Henrg W, Sage 1891 B^^WiS _ i.i|j(i5 Cornell University Library PS 1097.A1 1909 V.10 The collected works of Ambrose Blerce. 3 1924 021 998 889 The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924021998889 THE COLLECTED WORKS OF AMBROSE BIERCE VOLUME X UIBI f\^^°\\\i COPYHIGHT, 1911, Br THE NEALE PUBLISHING COMPANY CONTENTS PAGE THE OPINIONATOR The Novel 17 On Literary Criticism 25 Stage Illusion 49 The Matter of Manner 57 On Reading New Books 65 Alphab£tes and Border Ruffians .... 69 To Train a Writer 75 As to Cartooning 79 The S. p. W 87 Portraits of Elderly Authors .... 95 Wit and Humor 98 Word Changes and Slang . ... 103 The Ravages of Shakspearitis .... 109 England's Laureate 113 Hall Caine on Hall Gaining . • "7 Visions of the Night . .... 132 THE REVIEWER Edwin Markham's Poems 137 "The Kreutzer Sonata" .... 149 Emma Frances Dawson 166 Marie Bashkirtseff 172 A Poet and His Poem 177 THE CONTROVERSIALIST An Insurrection of the Peasantry . 189 CONTENTS page Montagues and Capulets 209 A Dead Lion . 212 The Short Story 234 Who are Great? 249 Poetry and Verse 256 Thought and Feeling 274 THE' TIMOROUS REPORTER The Passing of Satire 2S1 Some Disadvantages of Genius 285 Our Sacrosanct Orthography . 299 The Author as an Opportunity 306 On Posthumous Renown . -
Report for Austria– Questionnaire Related the Administration Control
ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE IN EUROPE – Report for Austria– Questionnaire related the administration control list and typology in the 25 Member States of the European Union Preliminary. 1. Administration jurisdictional control was one typical concern of the liberal streams in the 19th century. In Austria, “the Reichsgericht”, a precursor of the Constitutional Court, was created by the December 1867 constitution which also planned creation of a Supreme Administrative Court (hereafter “the Verwaltungsgerichtshof”). However, this project was only fulfilled in 1876. Following this, the Verwaltungsgerichtshof played a decisive role in developing the legal protection system in Austria, establishing fundamental principles for administrative procedural law. Between 1934 and 1938, the Constitutional Court and the Verwaltungsgerichtshof merged to become “the Bundesgerichtshof”. Several judges were retired for political reasons. The introductions of Chambers with extended composition and of actions for administrative failure to act were significant reforms. After 1938, “the Bundesgerichtshof” lost its authority as Constitutional Court as well as several of its administrative jurisdiction authorities. Several judges were retired for political reasons. In 1940 “the Bundesgerichtshof” became “the Verwaltungsgerichtshof in Vienna” which was an administrative authority of the Reich. In 1941, the Verwaltungsgerichtshof became the “Vienna Außensenat” of the “Reichsverwaltungsgericht” by forming an organisational association with other German administrative courts. A few weeks after the Austrian declaration of independence in 1945, Chancellor Renner commissioned Mr. Coreth to revive the Verwaltungsgerichtshof which took up its duties again on 7th December 1945. The legal text on the Verwaltungsgerichtshof was amended and reissued several times but, in substance, it is still in force today. In 1945, the Constitutional Court was re-established with the same capacities as 1933 and it began carrying out its duties again in 1946. -
Catholic Charities Centennial Prayer
Sooner Catholic Serving the People of the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City Volume 37, Number 17 * September 11, 2011 Catholic Charities Centennial Prayer O God of the ages, With every sunrise, You gift us with work for our hands. With every sunset, You grant us rest for our hearts. May the light of each new day Give us faith in things unseen, Hope for victories yet unrealized, Charity for those who struggle. May the dusk of each night Bring us dreams of a better world, Visions of our cause triumphant, Love for the sacrifices asked of us. Grant your Church yet another century of service, Or time enough to build your Kingdom. This we ask in the name of Jesus, Our Lord. Amen and Amen. By Father James Goins Inside Anniversary trip to Santiago Atitlan, Guatemala 11-15 23 Painter rescues Our Lady 2 Sooner Catholic ● September 11, 2011 Sooner Catholic Catholic Charities Annual “Put out into the Most Reverend Appeal Celebrates One deep and Paul S. Coakley lower Archbishop of Oklahoma City Publisher Hundred Years of Service your nets A once in a lifetime opportunity We do not provide these services for a Ray Dyer is rare indeed! Even rarer is an because those we serve may happen catch.” event that comes around only every to be Catholic (many are not), but Archbishop Editor Luke 5:4 hundred years. Next weekend, we because we are Catholic. Caring for Coakley begin just such an observance. The Christ in his distressing disguise Cara Koenig annual Catholic Charities Appeal, of poverty is not an option for housing for families and the elderly, Photographer/ which will be held next weekend in Catholics, but a responsibility. -
In the Matter of the February 6, 2021 Police-Involved Shooting in Gaithersburg, Maryland
In the matter of the February 6, 2021 police-involved shooting in Gaithersburg, Maryland. Pursuant to an agreement between our two offices, the Office of the State’s Attorney for Howard County is hereby providing this written memorandum detailing our investigation and the conclusions we reached regarding a police-involved shooting that occurred on February 6, 2021 in the 6000 block of Olney Laytonsville Road in Gaithersburg. Timeline of Investigation On the morning of Saturday, February 6, 2021, Howard County State’s Attorney Office received an email from Detective Eric Glass of the Montgomery County Police Department – Homicide Section. DSA Sandmann called Detective Glass on the phone and was informed by Glass that Montgomery County had a police-involved shooting in Gaithersburg, Maryland. Glass indicated that an off-duty sheriff deputy had shot and killed a person who had been running cars off the road with his vehicle. Upon locating the suspect, the deputy approached him. Glass indicated the suspect attacked the deputy with a bat or stick of some sort before being shot. The initial information revealed that several 911 calls came in at just after 8 a.m. The callers told the 911 dispatcher that a multiple vehicle accident (airbags deployed) had just occurred in the 6000 block of Olney Laytonsville Road in Gaithersburg. Police and paramedics were immediately dispatched to the scene. The callers went on to say a person driving a Volkswagen had caused one vehicle to swerve off the road into a pole before continuing on and hitting a second vehicle in a head-on collision. -
TRADITIONAL WEDDING CEREMONY Hillside Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
TRADITIONAL WEDDING CEREMONY Hillside Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) Minister: Dearly beloved, we are here assembled in the presence of God to unite A_______ (groom’s name) and B________(bride’s name) in marriage. The Bible teaches that marriage is to be a permanent relationship of one man and one woman freely and totally committed to each other as companions for life. Our Lord declared that man shall leave his father and mother and unite with his wife in the building of a home, and the two shall become one flesh. Who gives the bride to be married? Bride’s Father: I do. Minister: The home is built upon love, which virtue is best portrayed in the thirteenth chapter of Paul’s first letter to the Corinthians. “Love is patient and kind; love is not jealous or boastful; it is not arrogant or rude. Love does not insist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful; it does not rejoice at wrong, but rejoices in the right. Love bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things. Love never ends; ...So faith, hope, love abide, these three; but the greatest of these is love” (I Corinthians 13:4-13, RSV). Marriage is a companionship which involves mutual commitment and responsibility. You will share alike in the responsibilities and the joys of life. When companions share a sorrow the sorrow is halved, and when they share a joy the joy is doubled. You are exhorted to dedicate your home to your Creator. Take his Word, the Bible, for your guide.