Complexul Muzeal De Ştiinţele Naturii „Ion Borcea” Bacău

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STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI

2011

Editura „Ion Borcea” Bacău – 2011

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http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Complexul Muzeal de Ştiinţele Naturii „Ion Borcea” Bacău

STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI

2011

Editura „Ion Borcea” Bacău – 2011

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http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro CUPRINS

PART I – VEGETAL BIOLOGY

Ilie D. GOGA - CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF BOZOVICI DEPRESSION (ALMĂJU VALLEY) CARAŞ-SEVERIN COUNTY...... 7

Irina-Mădălina ARDEI - CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN LAWN TYPES IN THE BERZUNŢI MOUNTAINS AREA, BACĂU COUNTY...... 11

Daniel – Ioan MAFTEI, Cosmin MIHAI, Diana – Elena MAFTEI, Gogu GHIORGHIŢĂ - THE ASSESSMENT OF SOME ENZYME ACTIVITY IN RHODIOLA ROSEA L...... 24

Otilia Carmen PAVEL, Ortansa JIGĂU - THE TEMPORARY EXHIBITION “CURIOSITIES IN THE WORLD OF PLANTS”...... 28

PART II – ANIMAL BIOLOGY

Ionela Raluca VĂCĂREANU, Victor SURUGIU - THE STRUCTURE OF IDOTEA BALTHICA POPULATION FROM AGIGEA AREA ...... 36

Cornelia CHIMIŞLIU - DATA REGARDING THE ALIEN / INVASIVE SPECIES OF INSECTS PRESERVED IN THE HERITAGE OF THE OLTENIA MUSEUM CRAIOVA (II) ...... 40

Nadejda STAHI, Valeriu DERJANSCHI - FAUNISTIC DATA ON ORTHOPTERA INSECTS FROM THE SCIENTIFIC RESERVATION „LOWER PRUT” FROM THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA ...... 44

Irina MIHAILOV, Valeriu DERJANSCHI - FAUNA STAFILINIDELOR (COLEOPTERA, STAPHYLINIDAE) DIN PĂDUREA DE STEJAR COMBINATĂ CU FRASIN ŞI ARŢAR, “ZĂBRICENI” ...... 50

Gheorghe MUSTAŢĂ, Mariana MUSTAŢĂ - THE COMPLEX OF PARASITOID SWHICH ACT IN APHIS CRACCIVORA (KOCH) COLONIES (HOMOPTERA, APIDIDAE) ON SOME PLANT FROM THE RESERVE OF DUNE FROM AGIGEA ...... 56

Bogdan TOMOZII, Victor CĂTĂLIN TOMA - NEW RECORDS OF MEGACHILID BEES (HYMENOPTERA: APIFORMES: MEGACHILIDAE) FROM ROMANIA...... 61

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Bogdan TOMOZII - CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF GENUS PANURGUS PANZER 1806 (ANDRENIDAE: PANURGINAE) IN ROMANIA ...... 69

Mariana GÎRNEŢ -THE SCELIONIDS (HYMENOPTERA, SCELIONIDAE) FROM THE FORESTS ECOSYSTEMS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA ...... 73

Victoria NISTREANU, Vlad POSTOLACHI - TROPHIC SPECTRUM OF LONG -EARED OWL (ASUIO OTUS OTUS L.) IN NESTING PERIOD...... 76

Victoria NISTREANU - SPREADING, BIOTOPIC DISTRIBUTION AND DYNAMICS OF CROCIDURA SHREW SPECIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA...... 80

Dalia PARASCHIV - ASPECTS CONCERNING THE DIVERSITY OF RODENTS (MAMMALIA: RODENTIA) FROM AN ALFALFA CROP (BÂRSĂNEŞTI COMMUNE, BACĂU COUNTY, ROMANIA) (II) ...... 86

PART III – MUSEOGRAPHY

Daniel-Ştefan GHIURCĂ, Florin-Cătălin TOFAN - REFLECTIONS THROUGH TIME: MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCES FROM BACĂU...... 88

Ortansa JIGĂU, Dalia PARASCHIV, Costel BURGHELEA - „FRUITS AND SEEDS FROM THE SPONTANEOUS AND CULTIVATED FLORA” – TEMPORARY EXHIBITION...... 93

Anca TUDOR ANDREI, Florin Cătălin TOFAN, Lăcrămioara ZAHARIA - IMPLICATION OF MODERN EDUCATION AND INTERDISCIPLINARY ACTIVITIES OF MUSEUMS ...... 100

PART IV – ANNIVERSARIES, COMMEMORATIONS

Neculai BARABAŞ - THOUGHTS ABOUT THOSE WHO WERE, ARE AND WILL BE PROF.UNIV. DR. TRAIAN ŞTEFUREAC - IN MEMORIAM...... 103

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STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI 2011 Vol. 24: 7 – 10

PART I – VEGETAL BIOLOGY

CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF BOZOVICI DEPRESSION (ALMĂJU VALLEY) CARAŞ-SEVERIN COUNTY

ILIE D. GOGA

ABSTRACT

We continue the further publication of other taxa researched during years in Bozovici Depression (Almăju Valley) in Caraş-Severin County. In the course of many journeys in this area which was very much botanically researched we gathered a lot of floristic material. Among the more interesting species we mention: Ranunculus sceleratus, L. f. minimus (DC) Nyar; Orchis laxiflora Lam. f. minor Breb. and O. ustulata L. f. lepoliensis (Zapal.)

Keywords: flora, Bozovici depression

Introduction TETRAGONIACEAE family The author presents a floristic note which Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pallas) O. Kuntze. completes the research conducted in the Bozovici Bozovici village, found in 1957 in the village Depression (Almăju Valley) in the Caraş Severin gardens, it is not cultivated although it can be county. cultivated. It is adventive in Romania. Notice Material and methods Following the book of the authors Konrad Lauber The botanic material collection and its and Gerhart Wagner „Flora Helvetica” at page 170, determination using the specialty literature. this page is cited with the name „Spinacia di Nuova Zelande” Results and discussions A species originated in New Zealand and Australia ENNUMERATION OF SPECIES where it is cultivated as food plant. EQUISATACEAE family CARYOPHYLLACEAE family Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. (E. maximum auct.) Soleranthus perennis L. Prigor village (Caraş Bozovici village on Slătinic Stream on its margin Severin county) on Dâlmele Prigorului in the lawn. among shrubs. Herniaria glabra L. Gârbovăţ village in the pebble E. palustre L. Gârbovă village, in Valea Mare in pools; of Valea Mare stream. Bozovici in the riverside forest near Nera river. A species spread in Europe and Western Asia. POLYPODIACEAE family It contains: saponin which used to be sometimes Polypodium vulgare L. Bozovici village in Străniac considered as an antidote to hernia. forest in shrubs and stony places. AMARANTHACEAE family Anthyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth . Bozovici in the Amaranthus retroplexus L. Gârbovăţ village (Caraş valley of Poneasca river on its margins in shrubs. Severin county), in cultivated areas, very spread. Gymnocarpium robertianum (Hoffm.) Newman. A species originating in the warm areas of Gârbovăţ village in the forest in Străniac among Septentrional America. shrubs and hayfields. ROSACEAE family FAGACEAE family Rubus fuscus Whe. Bozovici village on Ogaşu Fagus sylvatica L. var. vulgaris (Dom.) Şopotu Nou Babiţu in the forest near the stream. village (Caraş Severin village). In Cheile Nerei in the forest at Conveiul scurt.

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro R. pseudodoftanensis Nyar. Bozovici village on An Eurosyberian species. A generic name derived Ogaşu Slătinic in the shrubs. from the Saint Barbara’s Day (December 4). Salad Potentilla argentea L. Gârbovăţ village on the bank can be prepared from its young leaves. of Garboţ stream, very frequent; ssp. argentea in the Roripa sylves tris (L.) Besser ssp. sylvestris. same places as the type. Bozovici village in the riverside forest in cultivated P. chrysantha Trev. Bozovici village in the forest areas; Gârbovăţ village at Cremeniţa at the road near Neamţu mill. margin in hayfields. Rosa canina L. var. lutetiana (Lam.) R. Kell. An Euroasian –South European species. A generic Gârbovăţ village in the shrubs on Anghel Hill. name with a German origin. Young leaves are CELASTRACEAE family edible. Evonymus europaeus L. Bozovici village in Cheile Cardaminopsis arenosa (L.) Hayek. Bozovici Miniş on limestone, frequent. village in the forest at Gosna. EUPHORBIACEAE family Alyssum alyssoides (L.) f. incanum (Heuff.) Euphorbia villosa Waldst. et Willd., f. tuberculata Bozovici village in lawns on Cârst Hill. (Koch.); f. lasicarpa Neilr. Amd f. pseudopalustris Draba nemorosa Bozovici village on stony areas at (Schur.). In Valea Mare and Anghel Hill in hayfields. Cununa Goşnei. ACERACEAE family Lepidium virginicum L. Sopotu Vechi village (Caraş Acer campestre L. var. austriacum (Trott) DC. Severin county) at Glimeica mill near the road and Gârbovăţ village on Anghel Hill in hayfields, in Bozovici village in the village in the street. isolated trees. A proof of extinct forests; var. GENTIANACEAE family lobatum (Pax.) Sopotu Nou village (Caraş Severin Centaurium pulchellum (Swartz) Druce. Gârbovăţ county) at the margin of the forest; ssp. eucampestre village on the Dealul Văii Mici hill in the lawn. (Pax.) Bozovici village in the Miniş river Valley at C. erythraea Rafin. (C. Umbellatum auct.) ssp. Bigăr falls; austriaca (Ronn.) Holub, Bozovici village in the POLYGALACEAE family riverside forest near the Nera river. Polygala vulgaris L. f. albida Chodat. Gârbovăţ An Euroasian species, temperate. The medicinal village on Anghel Hill in hayfields. plant contains bitter substances, used in digestive In Caraş Severin county after Flora R. P. R. vol. VI diseases. page 209 it is cited only from Zerveşti. CUSCUTACEAE family APIACEAE (UMBELLIFERAE) family Cuscuta europaea L. var. typica Buia. Bozovici Caucalis platycarpos L. C. Lappula (Web.) Grande. village on Voicovacea Hill in Ogaşu Grecului, Gârbovăţ village in Anghel Hill, frequent in parasite on species of Urtica. cultivated areas. Lithospermum purpureocaeruleum L. Sopotu Vechi APIACEAE (UMBELLIFERAE) family village on Dealul Vinilor hill in hayfields. Daucus carota L. ssp. carota Gârbovăţ village on A submediterannean-pontic species. Anghel Hill in hayfields. BORAGINACEAE family A sylvatic form from the cultivated Carota.A Myosotis caespitosa K. F. Schultz. Bozovici village generic name used by Greeks and Romans. near the Gaberi bridge on the bank of the Miniş river Seseli rigidum Waltst. et Kit. Bozovici village on and on the pebbles of the Nera river. Voicovacea Hill,frequent in hayfields. M. nemorosa Besser. Gârbovăţ village on the VIOLACEAE family pebbles of the Valea Mare stream. Viola montana L. Gârbovăţ village on Ogaşu Rău in M. arvensis (L.) Hill., ssp. arvensis. Gârbovăţ hayfields,frequent. village on Anghel Hill in the cultivated areas. BRASSICACEAE (CRUCIFERAE) family M. micrantha Pall. Gârbovăţ village in Valea Mică Erysimum odoratum Ehrh. (E. pannonicum Crantz.). in hayfields. Bozovici village in the valley of Miniş river at Symphytum officinale L. var. purpureum Pers. F. Coronini falls on limestones. albiflorum Schur. Bănia village (Caraş Severin Isatis tinctoria L. ssp. canescens (Nyman) DC. county) in Stejari at the road margin. Gârbovăţ village in Valea Mare in fayfields. An European species. Notice. Subspecies cited only in Orşova (Mehedinţi Pulmonaria montana Lej. ssp. montana (Gusul.) county) Gârbovăţ village on the Dealul Valea Mare hill in Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. Bozovici village on the the shrubs. pebbles of Nera river in the riverside forest. Anchusa officinalis L. var. vulgaris Kitt. Gârbovăţ village at Botu Străniacului in the forest. Blue flowers; Bozovici village on the pebbles of Babiţu

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro river, the Miniş river valley hayfields; f. pinguin Eupatorium cannabium L. var. indissum DC. (Dum.) Gusul. In the riverside forest on the Nera Bozovici village on Ogaşu Babiţu near the stream. river bank. Blue flowers. An Eurasian-South-European species, a toxic Cynoglosum officinale L. Bozovici village in the (alkailodal) plant. Miniş river valley in dry hayfields. Its name is derived from the name of Mithridates VI LAMIACEAE (LABIATAE) family Eupator (111-63 BC), king of Pontus. Stachys palustris L. f. acuminata Briq. Bozovici Solidago viraurea L. ssp. vulgaris, var. latifoilia. village on the Voicovacea hill in the cultivated areas. Bozovici village in the valley of Miniş river at Bigar Salvia verticllata L. Gârbovăţ village in Valea Mare falls on a limestone soil in the forest. in the hayfields. An European species. Its name is derived from the Thymus pulegioides L. ssp. montanus (Bentham) Latin language: solidus, it has therapeutical Ronninger. Sopotu Nou village, on Ogaşu Tercoviţei properties. in stony-sandy soil; ssp. chamaedrys (Fris.) Aster linosyris (L.) Bernh. f. scabra (Heuffel.). Guşuleac. Gârbovăţ village on the pebbles of the Gârbovăţ village on Anghel hill, hayfields and Valea Mare stream. Bozovici village on Băclan hill in the same A submediterranean species. conditions. A plant very much used for its various therapeutical An Eurasian-South-European species. properties. Aster novi-belgii L. Prilipeţi village near the Nera Mentha pulegium L. Bozovici village on the Nera river in shrubs and hayfields. river bank near the confluence with the Miniş river; Filago vulgaris Lam. (F. germanica L. non var. pulegium f. erecta (Mill.). Prilipeţi village in the Hudson). Bozovici village in dry hayfields on riverside forest in areas with pools to Banii mill; var. Căminiţa hill. hirsuta (Per.). Gârbovăţ village in the lawn at Gnaphalium uliginosum L. Gârbovăţ village on Gorunu Treznit; var. pubescens (Boenning). Capu Dealului in agricultural areas and in Gârboţ Bozovici village on the pebbles of Nera river. stream in sandy places. M. arvensis L. Bozovici village in the riverside Bidens cernua L. Bozovici village in Podijelul Mic forest at Pluţi on the pebbles of the Nera river. glade in the forest in the marsh. SCROPHULARIACEAE family Anthemis tinctoria L. var. tinctoria. Gârbovăţ village Odontites vernus (Ballardi) Dumort. ssp. vernus . on Anghel hill in hayfields and shrubs. Bănia village on the Dealul Bănii hill in the Hypochaeris maculata L. var. maculata f. communis hayfields. Nyar. Gârbovăţ village in Valea Mare on hills in Rhinanthus rumelicus Velen. Gârbovăţ village on hayfields. the Orniţa hill in the hayfields. An Euro-Syberian species. OROBANCHACEAE family Leontodon autumnalis L. ssp. vulgaris. Gârbovăţ Orobanche flava C. F. Wart. ex P. W. Schultz. village on Dealul Văii Mici in the lawn. Gârbovăţ village on Valea Mare in hayfields on Tragopogon orientalis L. Gârbovăţ village on Valea Inula hirta L. Mare in the hazfields. RUBIACEAE family T. dubius L. Bozovici village on Băclan hill in the Asperula cynanchica L. ssp. cynanchica Gârbovăţ hayfields. village on Anghel hill in the hayfields. A submediterranean species. Its generic name is Galium aparine L. Bozovici village on Baclan hill derived from the Greek language, signifying „goat in the hayfields. beard”, its roots are edible as a salad for food. An Euroasian species which became cosmopolitan Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC. f. laevigatum. in the temperate zone. A specific name from the Gârbovăţ village in the hayfields and ruderal places. antiquity (Greeks). An Eurasian species. Its generic name is derived G. purpureum L. Gârbovăţ village on Anghel hill, from the Arabic language. frequent in the hayfields. Hieracium umbellatum L. var. umbellatum, f. Galium verum L. Bozovici village at Bigăr falls in communis. Gârbovăţ village in Anghel hill in the Cheile Miniş on stony slopes in the forest. shrubs and the hayfields. A species used in the past under the form of a rennet A circumboreal species. Its name is derived from its for preparing cheese and pot cheese. inflorescence which has the shape of an umbrella. Cruciata pedemontana (Bellardi) (Galium ORCHIDACEAE family pedemontana (Bellardi) All. Bozovici village on Orchis laxiflora Lam. ssp. elegans (Heuffel) Soo, f. Voicovacea hill in the hayfields, frequent. minor Breb. (fig. 1). Gârbovăţ village in Valea Mare ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITAE) family in marshy hayfields, rare.

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro J. inflexus L. Gârbovăţ village on the pebbles of Valea Mare stream. Bozovici village in Poiana Gosnei in marshy hayfields. An Eurasian species which grows in places rich in nitrogen. Luzula luzuloides (Lam.) Dandy et Willmot. Gârbovăţ village in the forest at Străniac. CYPERACEAE family Scirpus sylvaticus L. Gârbovăţ village on the pebbles of Valea Mare. Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roemer et Schultes. Gârbovăţ village on Dealul Vinilor in pools. An Eurasian species. A generic name derived from the Greek language: helodes, pool plant. POACEAE (Gramineae) family Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv. Bozovici village in the valley of Lighidie river in the hayfields near the road. An Eurasian-temperate species. Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. Eftimie Murgu village (Rudăria) (Caraş Severin county). In Valea Rudăriei in the lawn, frequent. A Mediterranean-South-European species.

Conclusions In the paper there are ennumerated 84 taxa included in 28 botanical families

Rezumat Fig. 1 - Orchis laxiflora Lam. ssp. elegans Lucrarea prezintă o notă floristică cu taxonii (Heuffel) Soo, f. minor Breb. cercetaţi în decursul anilor în Depresiunea Bozovici (Valea Almăjului) din judeţul Caraş-Severin. În O. morio L. Gârbovăţ village in the hayfields, multele deplasări în această zonă care a fost frequent on Anghel hill. cercetată din punct de vedere botanic s-a adunat An Eurasian-South-European species. The flour foarte mult material floristic. Din speciile mai (salep) is used in the Mediterranean countries interesante noi cităm pe: Ranunculus sceleratus L. f. especially in Turkey for medical purposes. minimus (D.C.) Nyar., Orchis laxiflora Lam f. minor O. coriophora L. Bozovici village on Barnecea hill Bréeb. şi Orchis ustulata L.f. leopoliensis (Zapal.) in the hayfields. O. ustulata L. Gârbovăţ village on Valea Mică and References Valea Mare hills, common in the hayfields; f. 1. CIOCÂRLAN V., 2006 -Flora ilustrată a leopoliensis (Zapal.) on Băclan hil lat Bozovici in României. Editura Ceres, Bucureşti, Ed. II-a the hayfields. 2. PIER LUIGI NIMIS, LIVIO POLDINI E Cephalanthera damasonium (Miller) Druce 1906. STEFANO MARTELLOS., 2006 -Guida illustrata Bozovici village in the forest at Ogaşu Grecului. alla Flora della Val Rosandra (Trieste). Edizioni Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz. Bozovici village Goliardiche. in the forest on stony slopes in Cheile Miniş at Bigăr. 3. SĂVULESCU TR., 1956 -Flora R. P. R. JUNCACEAE family vol IV. Editura Acad. R. P. R. Juncus conglomeratus L. Gârbovăţ village on the 4.***- Dicţionar Enciclopedic Român. Vol. pebbles of Valea Mare stream in sandy places. III K-P, pag. 387. Editura Acad. RPR, 1965. An European species.

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STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI 2011 Vol. 24: 11 – 23

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN LAWN TYPES IN THE BERZUNŢI MOUNTAINS AREA, BACĂU COUNTY

ARDEI IRINA-MĂDĂLINA*

ABSTRACT

In this paper we present three of the lawn vegetal associations investigated in the Berzunţi Mountains area. One of the three vegetal associations, Festuco rubrae-Agrostietum capillaris Horvat 1951 belongs to the class MOLINIO-ARRHENATHERETEA R. Tx. 1937 and it joins the mesophile lawn type. The vegetation of the xerophile lawns can be found in the phytocenoses of the other two investigated associations i.e. Taraxaco serotinae-Festucetum valesiacae (Burduja et al. 1956, Răvăruţ et al. 1956) Sârbu, Coldea et Chifu 1999 and Taraxaco serotinae-Bothriochloetum ischaemi (Burduja et al. 1956) Sârbu, Coldea et Chifu, which belong to the class FESTUCO- BROMETEA Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. in Br.-Br. 1949. The description of these associations in the investigated territory is accompanied by phytocenological tables and by the analysis of bioforms, floristic elements and ecological indexes.

Keywords: Lawn types, Berzunţi Mountains, Bacău County

Introduction ilustrată a plantelor vasculare din Estul României The Berzunţi Mountains are completely (SÂRBU, I., ŞTEFAN N., IVĂNESCU, LĂCRĂMIOARA, situated in the administrative region of Bacău MÂNZU, C., 2001) and Flora R.P.R.-R.S.R. County, at the eastern extremity of the Eastern (SĂVULESCU, T. et. all., 1952-1976). The establishment Carpathians being bordered: to the North by Tarcău of types of bioforms and floristic elements was made Mountains; to the West by Dărmăneşti Depression; after Flora cormofitelor spontane şi cultivate din to the East and South by Tazlău Subcarpathians România (SANDA, V., BIŢĂ-NICOLAE, CLAUDIA, The researched territory i.e. the area of Berzunţi Mountains has an area of 140 Km2 and it BARABAŞ, N., 2003). The ecological indexes for amasses several types of relief, mountains and hills, each species identified in the surveys were with a great variety of biotops. During 2007-2010 established according to Flora şi vegetaţia Moldovei we identified 49 vegetal associations included in five (România), vol. I. (CHIFU, T., MÂNZU, C., vegetal associations (aquatic, palustral, lawn, shrubs, ZAMFIRESCU, OANA, 2006). coppice, forrest, ruderal and segetal). The area of In ordes to study the vegetation in the lawns and hayfield has 20% of the researched Berzunţi Mountains area we used the territory in which the following associations are phytocenological survey method of the Central frequent and with large surfaces: Festuco rubrae- European floristic-phytocenological School Zürich- Agrostietum capillaris Horvat 1951, Taraxaco Montpellier. The foundations of this method were serotinae-Festucetum valesiacae (Burduja et al. 1956, Răvăruţ et al. 1956) Sârbu, Coldea et Chifu laid by Josias Braun-Blanquet (from Zürich )and J. 1999 and Taraxaco serotinae-Bothriochloetum Pavillard (from Montpellier). ischaemi (Burduja et al. 1956) Sârbu, Coldea et Chifu. Results and discussions Considering the study Flora şi vegetaţia Material and methods Moldovei (România), vol. II (CHIFU, T., MÂNZU, C., The nomenclature of the species agrees with ZAMFIRESCU, OANA, 2006) and other phytosociological Flora ilustrată a României – Pteridophyta et studies about nomenclature and classification Spermatophyta (CIOCÂRLAN, V., 2009), Flora (CHIFU, T., MÂNZU, C., ZAMFIRESCU, OANA, 2006, ______CRISTEA, V., GAFTA, D., PEDROTTI, F., 2004, * “Ion Borcea” Natural Science Museum Complex, Aleea SANDA, V., 2002, SANDA, V., POPESCU A., STANCIU Parcului street, no. 9, Bacău, [email protected] DANIELA ILEANA, 2001, SANDA, V., POPESCU A.,

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro BARABAŞ N., 1997, SANDA, V., ÖLLERER, K., Dofteana and Plopu-Dărmăneşti, not showing BURESCU, P., 2008, SANDA, V., BIŢĂ-NICOLAE, surveys. During our investigations we identified this CLAUDIA, BARABAŞ, N., NEDELCU, A. G., 2006, association on large areas at Larga-Dofteana, on SANDA, V., BARABAŞ, N.,BIŢĂ-NICOLAE, CLAUDIA, Plaiul Plopatului and in the zone of Sfântul Sava 2005), the associations studied by us were classified Monastery, between 500-630 m height in the beech as following: layer. These lawns are used as hayfields and CLASS MOLINIO-ARRHENATHERETEA R. meadows, being valuable for their fodder plants. Tx. 1937 Across the Berzunţi Mountains phytocenoses Order ARRHENATHERETALIA R.Tx.1931 of this association are frequently found and they Alliance Cynosurion install on terrains with a smooth declivity (5-20 As.Festuco rubrae-Agrostietum capillaris degrees) and various exposures, on mildly wet soils, Horvat 1951 without carbonates, rich in humus. CLASS FESTUCO-BROMETEA Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. Floristic composition and phytocenotic structure: in Br.-Br. 1949 The floristic composition is varied. The Order FESTUCETALIA VALESIACAE Br.-Bl. et herbaceous stratum is diverse presenting a 100% R. Tx. in Br.-Br. 1949 coverage and besides the characteristic species there Alliance Festucion valesiacae Klika 1931 can be also found species as: Bellis perennis, Suballiance Jurineo arachnoideae - Cynosurus cristatus, Lolium perenne, Phleum Euphorbinrnion nicaeensis Dobrescu et Kovacs pratense, Campanula glomerata, Taraxacum 1971 coor. Sârbu, Coldea et. Chifu 1993 officinale, Achillea millefolium, Briza media, As.Taraxaco serotinae-Festucetum valesiacae Dactylis glomerata, Medicago lupulina, Lotus (Burduja et al. 1956, Răvăruţ et al. 1956) Sârbu, corniculatus, Festuca pratensis, Medicago falcata, Coldea et Chifu 1999 Urtica dioica, Anagallis arvensis etc. As.Taraxaco serotinae - Bothriochloetum The illustrative characteristic species are ischaemi (Burduja et al. 1956) Sârbu, Coldea et Chifu Festuca rubra and Agrostis capillaris. From a The description of the vegetal associations phytocenotic point of view, besides these there can

be remarked some species characteristic to cenotaxa 1. As. Festuco rubrae-Agrostietum capillaris - superior to the association such as: Cynosurion, Horvat 1951 Arrhenatherion alliances, Potentillo-Polygonetalia,

Molinietalia, Arrhenatheretalia orders and Corology and stationary condtitions especially the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class. The The first mentions about the Festuco rubrae- Festuco rubrae-Agrostietum capillaris association Agrostietum capillaris association across the also shelters species of the lawn vegetation researched area were made by the Iaşi botanists belonging to the Festuco-Brometea class, species PAPP, C. şi BÂRCĂ, C., in 1960 (PAPP, C., BÂRCĂ, C., characteristic to forest cuts of the Epilobietea 1960). They identified the above mentioned angustifolii class or species infiltrated in weed association in Larga village and to North-East of groups from forest margins of the Trifolio– Sfântu Sava Monastery. In the study the authors Geranietea class. These lawns used as hayfields and conclude that the three mentioned hayfields meadows are influenced by the anthropical aremountain hayfields, a statement based upon the activities, hence in their floristic composition species floristic composition of the presented surveys. The characteristic to the Stellarietea mediae class appear association was also mentioned by MITITELU D. and (tab. 1). BARABAŞ N., 1978 (MITITELU, D., BARABAŞ, N., 1978) with the name Festuco (rubrae)-Agrostietum tenuis Csürös-Kaptalan 64 in the villages Larga -

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Table 1 CLASS MOLINIO-ARRHENATHERETEA R. Tx. 1937 Order ARRHENATHERETALIA R.Tx.1931 Alliance Cynosurion As. Festuco rubrae-Agrostietum capillaris - Horvat 195)

Geoelem Biof. Ecological indexes Number of survey 1 2 3 4 5 6 K Altitude (m) 560 600 550 630 500 500 Exposure S NE NV SV SE S L T C U R N Declivity (º) 15 5 10 15 20 5 Herbaceous stratum coverage 100 95 90 85 100 100 (%) Area of survey (m²) 100 100 100 100 100 100 Number of species 26 23 31 26 21 23 Charact. of ass. Circ H x x 5 x 6 x Festuca rubra ssp. rubra 3 3 2 2 3 3 V Circ H (G) 7 x 3 x 3 3 Agrostis capillaris 2 2 3 3 2 2 V ssp. capillaris Cynosurion Eur (Med) H 8 5 2 x 7 5 Bellis perennis - - + + - + III Eur H 8 5 3 5 x 4 Cynosurus cristatus - - + + - - II Eua H 7 x 3 5 x 5 Leontodon autumnalis - - + - - - I Cosm H 8 5 3 5 x 7 Lolium perenne 1 - - + + - III Eua H 7 x 5 5 x 6 Phleum pratense - - + - + - II Arrhenatherion Eua H 7 x 7 4 7 x Campanula glomerata ssp. - - - - + - I glomerata Eur TH 8 5 4 5 7 4 Campanula patula - - + - - - I Euc H 8 x 3 5 x 4 Centaurea phrygia - + - - - - I Eua TH 8 6 5 4 x 4 Daucus carota - - - + + - II Cosm G 6 5 x 6 x 3 Equisetum arvense - - 1 - - - I Eur H 7 x 2 6 7 x Pimpinella major + - - - - - I Eua H 7 x x 5 x 7 Taraxacum officinale + + - + 1 - IV Arrhenatheretalia Eua H 8 x x 4 x 5 Achillea millefolium + + - - - - II Eua H 6 x 5 6 6 7 Alopecurus pratensis - - - - - + I Eua H 8 x 3 x x 2 Briza media + - - - - - I Eua (Med) Th-TH 7 6 3 x x x Bromus hordeaceus - - - - + - I Eur H 7 x 3 5 x 6 Dactylis glomerata - - + - - - I Cosm H 7 5 3 6 x 4 Holcus lanatus - - - - + I Eua H 7 x 3 4 x 3 Leucanthemum vulgare - + - - - - I Eua Th-H 7 5 x 4 8 x Medicago lupulina - - - + - + II Eur G 7 5 3 4 7 3 Orchis morio ssp. morio + - - - - - I Eur Th 7 x 3 x x 3 Rhinanthus minor - - - - - + I Eua H 6 x x 4 4 5 Stellaria graminea + - - - - - I Eur (Mont) Ch 8 x 4 4 x 1 Thymus pulegioides ssp. - - - - + - I pulegioides Eua TH-H 7 5 3 4 7 5 Tragopogon pratensis - - - - - + I ssp. orientalis Eur Th (TH) 8 5 3 4 x 3 Trifolium campestre - - + - + + III Molinietalia Eur G 7 x 2 x x x Dactylorhiza maculata - - - + - - I Eur G x x 2 7 8 x Gymnadenia conopsea - - - + - - I ssp. conopsea Eua H 7 5 3 6 x x Lychnis flos - cuculi + - - - - - I Pont- Pan G 7 5 4 6 x 5 Orchis laxiflora ssp elegans - + - - - - I Circ H 8 x x 8 7 2 Parnassia palustrius - - + - - - I Eur H 7 6 5 7 7 2 Silaum silaus - - - - - + I

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Eua H 7 5 3 7 x 2 Succisa pratensis - - + - - - I Eua H 7 6 3 8 x 8 Symphytum officinale - + - - - - I Potentillo-Polygonetalia Eua (Med) TH 8 6 5 7 8 5 Inula britanica - - - - + - I Eua (Med) H 6 x x 7 x x Ranunculus repens - - - + + - II Circ H 6 x 3 6 7 6 Sagina procumbens + - - - - - I Molinio - Arrhenatheretea Eua H x x 3 x 5 x Anthoxanthum odoratum - - + - - - I Cosm Ch (H) 6 x x 5 x 5 Cerastium holosteloides - - - + - - I Cosm G (H) 6 x x 5 x 5 Cerastium fontanum - - - + - - I Eur Th 6 x 3 5 x 3 Euphrasia officinalis + - - - - - I ssp. pratensis Eua H 8 x 3 6 x 6 Festuca pratensis - + - - - - I Eua H 7 x 3 4 7 2 Lotus corniculatus - - + - + + III Eur Ch 4 6 4 6 x 1 Lysimachia nummularia - - + - - - I Eua (Cont) Ch-H 8 6 8 4 7 2 Ononis arvensis - - + - - - I Eua H 6 x 3 x x x Plantago lanceolata - - - + - + I Eur (Med) H (Ch) 7 x 3 5 3 2 Polygala vulgaris - - - - + - I Cosm H 7 x 3 x x x Prunella vulgaris - - - + - - I Eua (Med) H 7 x 3 6 x x Ranunculus acris ssp. acris - + - - + - I Cosm H 6 5 3 3 x 7 Rumex acetosa + - - - - - I Eua TH-H 8 x 3 x x x Trifolium pratense - - - - - + I Eua H 7 x x 5 x x Vicia cracca - - + - - - I Festuco-Brometea Eua H 9 7 8 2 7 1 Achillea setacea - + - - - - I Eur H 8 5 3 3 8 3 Anthyllis vulneraria - - - + - - Eua TH 7 6 3 4 x 3 Carlina vulgaris - - + - - - I Eur H 8 5 4 3 7 ? Dianthus carthusianorum - - + - - - I Pont TH 9 7 5 2 8 2 Erysimum odoratum - + - - - - I Eua H-G 8 x 4 3 x 3 Euphorbia cyparissias + - - - - - I Eua H 7 5 5 4 8 2 Filipendula vulgaris - - - + - - I Eua H 7 5 x 4 7 3 Galium verum - - - + - - I Eua H 8 5 7 3 9 3 Medicago falcata - - - - + 1 II Eua H 5 x 7 4 8 3 Plantago media - + - + - + III Eua (Cont) H 9 7 7 3 5 2 Potentilla recta - + - - - - I Eur (Med) H 8 6 4 4 8 4 Salvia pratensis - - + - - + II Eua H 8 x x 4 7 2 Silene vulgaris ssp. vulgaris - - + - - - I Koelerio -Corynephoretea Euc (Med) Th-TH 9 x 3 2 7 1 Acinos arvensis - + - - - - I Circ Th 9 5 7 4 8 x Erigeron acris - - - 1 - - I Galio-Urticetea Med (Circ) H 4 5 5 5 x 7 Geum urbanum - - - - + - I Cosm H x x x 6 x 8 Urtica dioica - + - - + + III Trifolio -Geranietea Eua H 7 6 4 4 8 4 Agrimonia eupatoria - - + + + - III Eua (Cont) H 7 6 8 4 9 ? - - + - - - I Euc (Mont)H 6 4 4 6 8 5 Astrantia major - - + - - - I Eua H 5 5 4 4 8 3 Campanula persicifolia - + - - - - I Circ H 7 5 3 4 7 3 Clinopodium vulgare + - - - - + II Eur (Cont) H 7 5 5 3 8 3 Fragaria viridis ssp. viridis + - - - - - I Eua H-Ch 6 5 3 6 x 7 Glechoma hederacea - 1 - - - - I Eua H 7 x 3 3 x 3 Origanum vulgare - - - + - + II Eua H 6 x 7 3 8 3 Thalictrum minus ssp. minus - - + - - - I Epilobietea angustifolii Eua (Cont) H 6 5 4 5 5 5 Calamagrostis arundinacea - - + - - - I Eua TH 6 5 5 5 x 6 Myosotis arvensis - + - - - - I Eua H 7 5 5 5 7 7 Verbascum nigrum - + - - - - I Stellarietea mediae Circ Th 6 6 3 5 x 6 Anagallis arvensis - + - - - - I

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Eua (Cont) TH (H) 7 x 5 4 8 5 Bunias orientalis - + - - - - I Cosm (Med)Th-TH 7 x x x x x Capsella bursa-pastoris - - - + - + II Cosm G (H) 7 6 x 4 7 x Convolvulus arvensis - - - + - + II Eua (Med) Th (TH) 6 5 4 x 2 4 Scleranthus annuus - + - - - - I Cosm Th 5 5 x x x x Viola arvensis - - - + + - II Variae syntaxa Eua H 9 6 5 4 8 5 Cichorium inthybus - - - + - + II Eua (Cont) G 7 7 7 7 x x Gladiolus imbricatus - - + + - - II Eua H 8 x 3 6 3 2 Hypericum maculatum - - + - - - I Eua H 7 x 3 4 x 2 Hieracium pilosella - - + - - - I Cosm G 6 5 3 5 3 3 Pteridium aquilinum - - + - - - I Eur H 5 x 4 8 7 8 Thalictrum aquilegiifolium - - + - - - I Eua Ch 5 x 3 4 2 3 Veronica officinalis - - - - + - I

Place and time of survey making: 1,2. Sfântul Sava Monastery (15.07.2007); 3. Plaiul Plopatului (05.08.2009); 4,5,6. Larga –Dofteana (10.07.2010)

The spectrum of bioforms: indicates the species (Circ) with 6,25%, pontic elements (Pont) predominance of Hemicryptophytes (H) with with 2,08%, mediterranean (Med) with 1,04 % (fig. 2). 64,93% of the number of species. The annual

Terophytes (Th) are in the second place with Cosm Pont 1,04% Med 1,04% 11,47%, being followed by the biannual ones (TH) 12,49% with 9,37%, same with Geophytes (G), being Circ 6,25% Eua 54,15% followed by Camephytes with 5,2%. The results of Euc 3,12% this analysis can be included in the type of lawn phytocenosis to which the investigated phytocenoses belong, these results being grossly similar to data in Eur 20,82% the specialty literature (fig. 1). Fig. 2 – The floristic elements spectrum of the Festuco rubrae-Agrostietum capillaris - Horvat 70,00% H 64,93% 1951 association 60,00% 50,00% The spectrum of ecological indexes. The 40,00% best represented are light-biased species with little preference to shade (L -40,62% and L -22,91). 30,00% 7 8 Th 11,47% Regarding the temperature preferences, most species 20,00% TH 9,37% G 9,37% Ch 5,20% are indifferent, supporting large variations of 10,00% temperature (Tx-46,87%) or which prefer submontan 0,00% temperate zones (T5-33,33%). Regarding HTHThGCh continentalism, the largest proportion belongs to species preferring the oceanic climate and to species Fig. 1 – The bioform spectrum of the Festuco preferring suboceanic climate (C3-40,62%). rubrae - Agrostietum capillaris Horvat 1951 Regarding soil humidity preferences, the indifferent association species are well represented (U -17,70%), but the x The spectrum of floristic elements: we can largest proportion belongs to Mesoxerophyte species notice the fact that the Eurasian elements (Eua) have (U4-28,16%), being followed by moderately wet soil 54,15% of the total, being followed by the European plants (U5-19,79%). The great majority of the ones (Eur) with 20,82%. The central European (Euc) species are amphitolerant (RX-47,91%) or neutral have a small proportion of 3,12%. The elements soil plants (R7-20,83%), the other types being less with a European character have 78,09% of the total represented. These plants grow on soils with less number of species which take part in the floristic nitrogen, a degree varying from very poor to composition of the association. Representative moderate (N1-6-87,48%) (fig. 3). proportions can be noticed in cosmopolitan species (Cosm) with 12,49%, followed by circumpolar

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Dărmăneşti and on Dealul Drăcoaia, occupying relatively small surfaces, especially in glades.

50,00%

40,00% L Floristic composition and 30,00% T phytocenotic structure C 20,00% The phytocenoses consolidated by Festuca U 10,00% N R valesiaca are reletively rich in species according to R U N 0,00% C T the regime of maintenance (the lawns have more L x123456789 weeds than hayfields) and have a relatively good coverage (between 60-80%). The terrains occupied Fig. 3 – The ecological indexes spectrum specific to the by this association are used for grazing. When Festuco rubrae-Agrostietum capillaris – grazing is irrational, secondary xerophile Horvat 1951 association associations with less species install in the field. Besides the characteristic species, Festuca valesiaca, 2. As.Taraxaco serotinae-Festucetum valesiacae we can find species such as: Ajuga laxmannii, (Burduja et al. 1956, Răvăruţ et al. 1956) Achillea setacea, Astragalus onobrychis ssp. Sârbu, Coldea et Chifu 1999 onobrychis, Medicago falcata, Potentilla recta, Syn.: Festuca valesiaca Burduja et al. 1956; Vicia cracca, Elymus repens, Verbascum thapsus, Medicagini minimae-Festucetum valesiacae sensu Plantago lanceolata, Ononis arvensis ssp. arvensis, auct; Festucetum valesiacae Răvăruţ et al. 1956 Plantago media ssp. media etc. We can notice that many fodder plants appear in the floristic Corology and stationary conditions composition, a fact giving the grass a higher fodder The phytocenoses of the association value. Among weeds those untoxic with less fodder consolidated by Festuca valesiaca occupy large value are predominant so the green fodder and the areas in the whole country on arid terrains, which hay have an intermediate value. Also there can be can be found either on palne terrains or on slopes found numerous species belonging to cenotaxa of a with smooth (7-10˚) or abrupt (40-50˚) declivities. It superior order: Jurineo arachnoideae-Euphorbinenion represents the main association of the Festucion nicaeensis suballiance, Festucion valesiacae alliance, valesiacae alliance. BARABAŞ N., 1978 identifies in Festucetalia valesiaca order and Festuco-Brometea the area of Berzunţi Mountains in Brăteşti- class. A significant number of species belongs to Bârsăneşti village the above mentioned association Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class, and a less significant with the name Medicagini-Festucetum valesiacae number belongs to Koelerio-Corynephoretea and Wagner 40. The phytocenoses identified in the field Trifolio-Geranietea classes. Overgrazing and the are grouped especially to the south of the researched transformation into arable fields lead to the territory, on sunny hills with either smooth or middle degradation or to the disparition of Festucetum slopes and chernozem soils in various degrees of valesiacae lawns, a fact demonstrated by the degradation. The phytocenoses of the association infiltration in the floristic composition of many Taraxaco serotinae-Festucetum valesiacae (Burduja species characteristic to Artemisietea şi Stellarietea et al. 1956, Răvăruţ et al. 1956) Sârbu, Coldea et mediae classes (tab. 2). Chifu 1999 are spread in the area of Sfântul Sava Monastery, on Dealul Osoiului, on Plopu –

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Table 2 CLASS FESTUCO-BROMETEA Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. in Br.-Br. 1949 Order FESTUCETALIA VALESIACAE Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. in Br.-Br. 1949 Alliance Festucion valesiacae Klika 1931 Suballiance Jurineo arachnoideae-Euphorbinenion nicaeensis Dobrescu et Kovacs 1971 coor. Sârbu, Coldea et. Chifu 1993 Ass.Taraxaco serotinae-Festucetum valesiacae (Burduja et al. 1956, Răvăruţ et al. 1956) Sârbu, Coldea et Chifu 1999 Geoelem. Biof. Ecological indexes Number of survey 1 2 3 4 5 K

Altitude (m) 560 350 250 400 450 Exposure NE E S NV NV L T C U R N Declivity (º) 10 5 5 10 15 Herbaceous stratum coverage 80 70 60 75 80 (%) Area of survey (m²) 100 100 100 100 100 Number of species 16 20 21 12 14 Charact. of ass. Euc H 8 7 7 2 7 2 Festuca valesiaca 4 3 3 3 4 V Jurineo arachnoideae-Euphorbinenion nicaeensis Pont-Pan- Ch-N 7 6 6 3 7 2 Chamaecytisus austriacus - - - - + I Balc Pont-Pan- H 8 7 4 3 7 3 Veronica orchidea - - - - + I Balc Festucion valesiacae Pont-Balc H ? 5 ? 1 4 ? Ajuga laxmannii + - - - - I Eur Th 8 x 4 4 x 2 Euphrasia stricta - - + - - I Eur G 7 8 8 3 7 x Muscari comosum - - - - + I Pont-Balc TH 8 7 5 4 8 5 Pastinaca graveolens - - + - - I Euc H 7 7 4 4 9 4 Salvia nemorosa ssp. - + - - - I nemorosa Festucetalia valesiacae Eua H 9 7 8 2 7 1 Achillea setacea 1 + - - - II Eua(Cont) H 9 7 6 2 9 ? Astragalus onobrychis ssp. - - + - + II onobrychis var. onobrychis Pont H 8 7 6 3 8 3 Dianthus membranaceus + + - - - II Eua (Med) H 9 7 6 3 8 3 Dichanthium ischaemum - - - - + I Eua (Med) Th-TH 7 7 6 3 9 3 Falcaria vulgaris - + - - - I Festuco-Brometea Eua(Cont) H 7 6 7 3 7 1 Adonis vernalis - - - + - I Euc (Med) H 6 5 4 4 7 4 Anthericum ramosum - - + - - I Pont-Med H 7 7 5 3 8 3 Asperula cynanchica - + - - - I Eua TH 9 7 3 3 x 4 Echium vulgare + - + - - II Euc-Med H 7 7 6 2 9 x Galium glaucum - - + - - I Eua H 8 5 7 3 9 3 Medicago falcata - 1 - + - II Eua(Cont) H 9 7 7 3 5 2 Potentilla recta ssp. recta - - - + - I Pont-Med H-TH 7 6 4 3 8 x Stachys germanica - + - - - I Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Eua H 8 x x 4 x 5 Achillea millefolium ssp. - - + - - I millefolium Eua(Cont) H 6 7 7 7 8 4 Althaea officinalis + + - - - II Eua H 8 x 3 x x 2 Briza media - - - - + I Eua Th-TH 6 7 5 4 7 3 Bromus commutatus - - - - + I Eua TH 8 4 5 5 x 6 Carum carvi - - + - + II Circ G 7 x 7 5 x 8 Elymus repens + - 1 - - II Cosm Th 8 x 5 3 x x Erodium cicutarium - - - + - I Eua H 8 x 3 6 x 6 Festuca pratensis + - - + - II Eur Ch 4 6 4 6 x 1 Lysimachia nummularia - - + + - II Eua Th-H 7 5 x 4 8 x Medicago lupulina - + - - - I

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Eua H 7 x 5 5 x 6 Phleum pratense - - - - + I Eua H 6 x 3 x x x Plantago lanceolata + - + - - II Circ H 6 x x 5 x x Poa pratensis - + - - - I Eua (Med) H 6 x x 7 x x Ranunculus repens + - - + - II Eua H 8 x x x x 7 Trifolium repens - - + - + II Eua H 7 x x 5 x x Vicia cracca - + - - + II Koelerio-Corynephoretea Euc (Med) Th-TH 9 x 3 2 7 1 Acinos arvensis - - + - - I Circ Th 7 5 3 3 5 4 Draba nemorosa + - - - - I Eua H 7 x 5 4 x x Hypericum perforatum - + + - - II Eua H 8 8 7 2 4 1 Poa bulbosa + - - + - II Trifolio-Geranietea Eua H 7 x 3 5 x x Galium mollugo + - - - - I Eua H 8 x x 4 7 2 Silene vulgaris - - - - + I Artemisietea et Stellarietea mediae Eua H 8 6 5 2 6 4 Anthemis tinctoria ssp. - + - - - I tinctoria Circ H 7 x x 6 x 8 Artemisia vulgaris - - + - - I Eua(Cont) Th (TH) 9 6 7 3 x 4 Berteroa incana - - + - - I Cosm (MedTh-TH 7 x x x x x Capsella bursa-pastoris - + - - - I Euc-Med Th-TH 8 6 2 4 8 4 Cerinthe minor ssp. minor - + - - - I Eua Th-TH 7 6 7 4 x 6 Descurainia sophia - + - - - I Eua Th (TH) 8 5 6 3 8 x Melilotus officinalis - - + - - I Eua TH-H ? 3 ? 2 x ? Reseda lutea - - + - - I Cosm H (G) 8 5 3 5 1 2 Rumex acetosella - - - + - I Eua(Cont) Th-TH 7 7 6 4 x 5 Senecio vernalis - - + - - I Eua TH 8 x 3 4 7 7 Verbascum thapsus - + + - - II Adv Th 6 x 3 5 7 7 Veronica persica - - - + - I Variae syntaxa Eua(Cont) M 9 5 6 4 8 2 Hippophaë rhamnoides - - - - + I Eua(Cont) H 9 7 6 3 8 2 Linum austriacum + - - - - I Eua(Cont) Ch-H 8 6 8 4 7 2 Ononis arvensis ssp. arvensis + + - - - II Eua H 5 x 7 4 8 3 Plantago media ssp.media + - - 1 - II Eur Th 7 x 3 x x 3 Rhinanthus minor - + - - - I

Place and time of survey making: 1. Sfântul Sava Monastery (01.07.2007), 2. Dealul Osoiului (24.07.2008), 3. Plopu – Dărmăneşti (27.07.2009); 4,5. Dealul Drăcoaia (11.07.2010), (01.08.2010).

The spectrum of bioforms vegetaţiei bazinului Tazlău (judeţul Bacău). Also in Following the analysis of bioforms we can the floristic elements the proportions are close as notice the predominance of Hemicryptophytes (H) concerning value. with 56,65% (proper Hemicryptophytes have 60,00% 53,33%) of the total species constituting this H association, followed by annual and biannual 50,00% 56,65% Terophyte elements (Th and TH) representing 40,00% Th 33,33%, by Camephytes with 4,98%, by Geophytes TH 30,00% 24,98% with 3,33% and by Microphanerophytes (M) with 8,32% 20,00% Ch 1,66% (fig. 4). 4,98% G M Both in bioforms and in floristic elements 10,00% 3,33% 1,66% these proportions can be compared with similar 0,00% analyses upon this association type of the specialty HThTHChGM literature consulted, specifying that Geophytes have Fig. 4 – The bioform spectrum of Taraxaco a larger number (9,90%) and Terophytes have a serotinae-Festucetum valesiacae (Burduja et al. smaller number (15,90%) in the paper taken as a 1956, Răvăruţ et al. 1956) Sârbu, Coldea et Chifu reference - BARABAŞ N., 1977, Cercetări asupra 1999 association

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro The spectrum of floristic elements is the following: plants preferring neutral soils (R7- dominated by the Eurasian element (Eua) with 21,66%), plants intermediate between the neutral

58,33% (proper Eurasian with 38,33%,, continental- soils and the neutral and basic soils (R8-20,00%), Eurasian with 15,00% and Mediterannean-Eurasian plants preferring neutral and basic soils (R9-8,33%), with 5,00%), a category followed by the central- followed by smaller proportions of plants preferring European element (Euc) with 9,99% and the moderately acid soils and acid soils. Regarding European element with only 6,66%. All elements preferences for the nitrogen amount available from with an European character have 54,98%. The pontic soil, we can notice that the species grow in soils with elements (with their specific forms) have 11,66%. an amount of nitrogen varying from a very poor The circumpolar species have 6,66%, the degree to moderate and rich degrees (fig. 6). cosmopolitan species have 4,99%, followed by the adventive species with 1,66% (fig. 5).

Adv Circ Cosm Pont 11,66% L 1,66% 6,66% 4,99% 0,4 T Pont 0,3 C 1,66% U Eur 0,2 R N 6,66% Eua 58,33% R N U 0,1 C T Euc 0 L 9,99% x12345678910?

Fig. 6- The ecological index spectrum specific to Fig. 5 – The floristic element spectrum of Taraxaco serotinae-Festucetum valesiacae (Burduja et Taraxaco serotinae-Festucetum valesiacae (Burduja al. 1956, Răvăruţ et al. 1956) Sârbu, Coldea et Chifu et al. 1956, Răvăruţ et al. 1956) Sârbu, Coldea et 1999 association Chifu 1999 association 3. Ass.Taraxaco serotinae-Bothriochloetum ischaemi The spectrum of ecological indexes. Analysing (Burduja et al. 1956) Sârbu, Coldea et Chifu the distribution of the studied phytocenoses with 1999 categories of ecological indexes after H. Elleberg Syn.: Bothriochloa ischaemum Burduja et al. 1956; (L, T, C, U,R, N) there can be underlined the Bothriochloetum ischaemi moldavicum Dobrescu characteristics of the component species, taken as a 1971; Non: Bothriochloetum ischaemi (Krist 1937) whole, but also the characteristics of the stations I.Pop 1977 where the phytocenoses of these associations are. Thus, regarding preferences for light, we can notice Corology and stationary conditions the predominance of light-biased plants with little The association Taraxaco serotinae- preference to shade (L7 , L8 with 33,33% each). Bothriochloetum ischaemi (Burduja et al. 1956) From the analysis of preferences to temperature, the Sârbu, Coldea et Chifu 1999 has already been cited greatest proportion belongs to amphitolerant species in the area of study in Brăteşti –Bârsăneşti village which support large variations of temperature (Tx- (MITITELU D., BARABAŞ N., 1978)(3) with the name 33,33%), being followed by subthermophile species Andropogonetum ischaemi (Krist 37) Săvulescu 27. (T7-28,33%). Regarding the spreading area the The xerophile lawns with Dicanthium ischaemum greatest proportion belongs to the intermediary can be found in the researched territory especially in category (C3 -18,33%) among species which prefer the southern part having relatively small areas on the oceanic climate and the species in the areas with Dealul Cornicului, Vâlcele-Târgu-Ocna, Poieni- Târgu- suboceanic climate. Most of these prefer dry soils Ocna and Vermeşti-Comăneşti. The phytocenoses of (U3-28,33%), the moderately wet soils (U5-13,33%). this association vegetate on dry eroded grazed From the analysis of the species proportion slopes. The slopes have significant declivities (5- according to soil reaction preferences, the great 45˚) with an exposure generally to the West and majority is represented by amphitolerant species (Rx- South-West, in some cases with a tendency for 40,00%). The distribution of the other categories is erosion. The xerophile character of this phytocenosis

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro is given by the dominant characteristic species position, slope declivity, alteration degree through Dichanthium ischaemum. The surfaces consolidated grazing. It is between 50-90 % in the case of abrupt by Dichanthium ischaemum are to be seldom mown slopes and for phytocenoses in fields with smooth because they have little fodder value, they install declivities the coverage reaches 90%. Besides the after associations consolidated by Festuca valesiaca dominant species we can remark a series of species through their degradation (SANDA V., ÖLLERER K., among which we mention the frequent ones: Festuca BURESCU P., 2008). The Dicanthium ischaemum valesiaca, Bromus tectorum, Salvia verticillata, lawns still have a role to fix eroded clayish soils. Medicago minima, Achillea millefolium, Dactylis glomerata, Hordeum murinum, Artemisia absinthium, Floristic composition and Cirsium arvense etc. phytocenotic structure Regarding the phytocenotic composition the The florisitc composition in Dichanthium Taraxaco serotinae-Bothriochloetum ischaemi ischaemum phytocenoses is relatively rich, asociation is accompanied by species characteristic depending on the coverage degree of the to the Festucion valesiacae alliance, to Festucetalia consolidating dominant species (a coverage of 80- valesicae order and to Festuco-Brometea class. We 90 % of the consolidating species leads to the can also remark the infiltration of species characteristic elimination of the other species, hence a poorer to Molinio - Arrhenatheretea, Artemisietea şi floristic composition). Stelarietea mediae classes (tab. 3) The coverage of the herbaceous is different, greatly varying according to the phytocenose

Table3 CLASS FESTUCO-BROMETEA Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. in Br.-Br. 1949 Order FESTUCETALIA VALESIACAE Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. in Br.-Br. 1949 Alliance Festucion valesiacae Klika 1931 Suballiance Jurineo arachnoideae-Euphorbienion nicaeensis Dobrescu et Kovacs 1971 coor. Sârbu, Coldea et. Chifu 1993 Ass.Taraxaco serotinae-Bothriochloetum ischaemi (Burduja et al. 1956) Sârbu, Coldea et Chifu 1999

Geoelem. Biof Ecological indexes Number of survey 1 2 3 4 5 K Altitude (m) 350 350 350 250 250

Exposure V V SV V V L T C U R N Declivity (º) 45 35 20 5 10 Herbaceous stratum coverage 50 60 80 90 90 (%) Area of survey (m²) 100 100 100 100 100 Number of species 15 10 17 13 17 Charact. of ass. Eua (Med) H 9 7 6 3 8 3 Dichanthium ischaemum 3 4 5 5 5 V Festucion valesiacae Euc (Med) Ch- 7 6 4 3 9 ? Dorycnium pentaphyllum ssp - - + - - I herbaceum Euc H 7 7 4 4 9 4 Salvia nemorosa + - + - - II Festucetalia valesiacae Eur (Cont.) H 9 6 6 2 7 2 Achillea collina - + - - - I Euc H 8 7 7 2 7 2 Festuca valesiaca + - 1 - - II Eua (Cont) H 8 7 6 3 8 3 Scabiosa ochroleuca - - - - + I Eua (Cont) Ch 9 7 7 2 7 2 Veronica prostrata - - - + - I Pont-Med Th 8 6 4 2 5 3 Xeranthemum annuum - - + - - I Festucetalia vaginatae Eua (Cont) Th 8 6 7 3 8 4 Bromus tectorum - - - - + I Festuco-Brometea Pont-Med; H 7 7 5 3 8 3 Asperula cynanchica - - - + - I Eur H 8 5 4 3 7 ? Dianthus carthusianorum - - - - + I

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Eua TH 9 7 3 3 x 4 Echium vulgare - - + - - I Pont-Med H 8 7 5 3 8 x Eryngium campestre - - + - - I Eua H-G 8 x 4 3 x 3 Euphorbia cyparissias + - - - + II Eua H 7 5 5 4 8 2 Filipendula vulgaris - + - - - I Med Th 9 7 3 3 8 1 Medicago minima - + - - - I Eua H 9 x 3 2 3 1 Potentilla argentea ssp.argentea - - - + - I Eur (Med) H 8 6 4 4 8 4 Salvia pratensis ssp. pratensis + - - - + II Euc (Med) H 9 6 3 4 7 5 Salvia verticillata- + - - - + II Eua H 8 5 3 4 7 5 Senecio jacobea ssp. jacobea - - + - - I Eur Th 8 5 3 4 x 3 Trifolium campestre + - - + - II (TH) Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Eua H 8 x x 4 x 5 Achillea millefolium ssp. - - - + + II millefolium Circ H 8 x x 6 x 5 Agrostis stolonifera - - - + - I Eua H 9 6 5 4 8 5 Cichorium inthybus ssp. inthybus - - + - - I Eur H 7 x 3 5 x 6 Dactylis glomerata var. glomerata + - - - - I Eua TH 8 6 5 4 x 4 Daucus carota - - + + + III Eua H 7 6 5 5 2 x Eryngium planum + - - - - I Eua Th 8 7 x 4 x 4 Hordeum murinum ssp. murinum - - - - + I Eua (Med) TH 8 6 5 7 8 5 Inula britanica - + - - - I Eua H 7 5 4 8 8 8 Mentha longifolia ssp. longifolia - + - - - I Eua H 6 x 3 x x x Plantago lanceolata ssp. - - + - + II lanceolata Cosm H 7 x 3 x x x Prunella vulgaris - - - + - I Eua H 7 5 3 6 x 5 Rumex crispus - - - - + I Trifolio-Geranietea Eua H 7 6 4 4 8 4 Agrimonia eupatoria - - - - + I Euc (Med) H 7 5 5 4 9 3 Coronilla varia + - - - - I Eua Th 6 5 5 5 3 4 Vicia tetrasperma - - + - - I Artemisietea et Stellarietea mediae Eua Ch 5 6 7 4 x 8 Artemisia absinthium + - - + - II Med-Euc H 8 6 5 5 x x Ballota nigra - - - - + I Eua G 8 7 x x x 7 Cirsium arvense - - + + - II Eua TH 8 6 5 4 x 4 Conium maculatum - + - - - I Eua Th 6 7 6 4 2 4 Consolida regalis - - + - - I Cosm G (H) 7 6 x 4 7 x Convolvulus arvensis + - - - + II Med-Euc Th 7 7 2 4 7 x Kickxia spuria - - - + - I Euc H 8 5 5 3 7 3 Linaria vulgaris - - + - - I Eua (Med) H (G 7 6 6 4 8 4 Lathyrus tuberosus - + - - - I Eua TH-H x 3 x 2 x x Reseda lutea + - - - - I Eua (Med) Th 6 5 4 x 2 4 Scleranthus annuus ssp. annuus - + - - - I Eua (Med) H 8 6 7 3 7 6 Verbascum blattaria - - - - + I Adv Th 8 7 x 4 6 5 Xanthium spinosum - - - - + I Variae syntaxa Eua (Cont) Ch 9 6 5 3 5 2 Artemisia campestris ssp. + - - - - I campestris Eua TH 7 6 3 4 x 3 Carlina vulgaris + - - - - I Eua H 7 x 3 4 7 2 Lotus corniculatus - + + - - II Eua H 7 x 3 3 x 3 Origanum vulgare - - - + - I Eua H 5 x 7 4 8 3 Plantago media ssp. media - - + - - I

Place and time of survey making: 1, 2. Dealul Cornicului (05.08.2007); 3. Vâlcele –Târgu-Ocna (05.08.2007); 4. Poieni- Târgu-Ocna (01.08.2010); 5. Vermeşti-Comăneşti (18.08.2010)

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro The spectrum of bioforms ecological indexes, after H. Elleberg (L, T, C, U, R, Following the analysis of bioforms we can N) we can underline the characteristics of the notice the predominance of Hemicryptophytes (H) component species taken as a whole but also the with 59,25% (proper Hemicryptophytes have characteristics of the stations where the 55,55%) of the total species which constitute this phytocenoses of this associations are. Thus, association. Hemicryptophytes are followed by regarding the preferences for light, we can notice the annual and biannual Terophyte elements (Th and predominance of the light-biased plants with little TH) with 18,51% respectively 11,10%, by preference to shade (L7-31,48% şi L8-38,88%). Camephytes with 7,40% and by Geophytes with Analysing the preferences for temperature the 3,70% (fig. 7). greatest proportion belongs to the category of intermediate species the greatest proportion belongs

H 59,25% to the category of intermediate species and the 60,00% thermophile species (T6-35,18%). Regarding the 50,00% spreading area, the greatest proportion of species 40,00% belongs to the intermediate category between the 30,00% Th 18,51% TH 11,10% species preferring the oceanic climate and the 20,00% Ch 7,40% G 3,70% 10,00% species from the areas with suboceanic climate, 0,00% equally represented to those from the intermediate HThTHChG category between suboceanic species and the

Fig. 7 – The bioform spectrum of Taraxaco continental ones (C3 and C5 with 24,07% each). serotinae-Bothriochloetum ischaemi (Burduja et al. Most of these prefer the category of soils moderately 1956) Sârbu, Coldea et Chifu 1999 association wet (U4-40,74%), followed by dry soil plants (U2 – The spectrum of the floristic elements is 11,11% and U3 – 5,92%). From the analysis of dominated by the Eurasian element (Eua) with species proportion according to their preference for 61,09% (proper Eurasian with 44,44%, Eurasian- the soil reaction, the great majority is constituted by continental with 7,40% and Eurasian-Mediterranean amphitolerant species (Rx- 33,33%). The distribution with 9,25%), a category followed by the central- of the other categories is the following: plants European element (Euc) with 11,10% and the intermediate between the neutral and neutral and European element (Eur) with 9,25%. All elements basic soils (R8-25,92 %), plants preferring neutral with an European character have 81,44%. The soils (R7-20,37%), plants preferring neutral and Mediterannean elements (Med) and the pontic- basic soils (R9-5,55%), followed in smaller Mediterannean (Pont-Med) have 5,55% each and proportions by plants preferring moderately acid give the xerophile character of this vegetation type. soils equal to the acid ones (R3 and R5 with 3,70% The cosmopolitan species have 3,70%, the each). Regarding preferences for the amount of circumpolar species (Circ) are equally represented to nitrogen available in soil, we can notice that species the adventive ones, respectively 1,85% (fig. 8). grow in soils with a nitrogen amount varying from a very poor degree to moderate and rich degrees (fig. 9).

Pont-Med Cosm 3,70% Circ 1,85% 3,55% Adv 1,85%

Med 5,55% 50,00% L Eur 9,25% 40,00% T Eua 61,09% 30,00% C U 20,00% R 10,00% N R Euc 11,10% U N C 0,00% T x123456789?L

Fig. 8 – The floristic element spectrum of Taraxaco Fig. 9 –The ecological index spectrum of Taraxaco serotinae-Bothriochloetum ischaemi (Burduja et al. serotinae-Bothriochloetum ischaemi (Burduja et al. 1956) Sârbu, Coldea et Chifu 1999 association 1956) Sârbu, Coldea et Chifu 1999 association

The spectrum of ecological indexes Conclusions Analysing the distribution of species in the 1. The surface of lawns and hayfields is 20% phytocenoses researched, with categories of of the researched territory in which the following

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro associations are frequent and largely spread: Festuco Edit. Univ. “Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi, vol. I şi II; 367 p. şi rubrae-Agrostietum capillaris Horvat 1951 698p. representing the type of mesophyle lawns, Taraxaco 3. CIOCÂRLAN, V., 2009 -Flora ilustrată a serotinae-Festucetum valesiacae (Burduja et al. României. Pteridophyta et Spermatophyta. Editura 1956, Răvăruţ et al. 1956) Sârbu, Coldea et Chifu Ceres, Bucureşti; 1141p. 1999 and Taraxaco serotinae-Bothriochloetum 4. CRISTEA, V., GAFTA, D., PEDROTTI, F., ischaemi (Burduja et al. 1956) Sârbu, Coldea et 2004 - Fitosociologie, Edit. Presa Universitară Chifu which belong to FESTUCO-BROMETEA Clujeană, Cluj-Napoca; 394p. Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. in Br.-Br. 1949 class, representing 5. MITITELU, D., BARABAŞ, N., 1978 -Flora the vegetation of xerophile lawns. şi vegetaţia judeţului Bacău, St. Com., Muz. Şt. 2. The floristic composition of phytocenoses Nat. Bacău, 9-10 (1976-1977); 193-272 of the three researched associations is diverse. In the 6. PAPP, C., BÂRCĂ, C., 1960 -Schiţă a florei case of these lawns we can notice the degradation, şi vegetaţiei culmii Berzunţului (regiunea Bacău) I, being influenced by the anthropical activities, hence An. Şt. Univ. Iaşi, 6, 2, s. II a., Şt.Nat.; 315-328 species characteristic to Artemisietea şi Stellarietea 7. SANDA, V., POPESCU A., BARABAŞ N., mediae appear in their floristic composition. 1997- Cenotaxonomia şi caracterizarea grupărilor 3. The spectrum of bioforms, the spectrum vegetale din România, Edit.”Ion Borcea”, Bacău; of geoelements and the spectrum of the ecological 366p. indexes of the three researched associations confirm 8. SANDA, V., POPESCU A., STANCIU the data in the specialty literature. DANIELA ILEANA, 2001 -Structura cenotică şi caracterizarea ecologică a fitocenozelor din Rezumat România, Edit. Conphis, Râmnicu Vâlcea; 359p. În această lucrare sunt prezentate trei dintre 9. SANDA, V., 2002 -Vademecum ceno- asociaţiile vegetale de pajişte investigate în zona structural privind covorul vegetal din România, Munţilor Berzunţi. Una din cele trei asociaţii Edit. Vergiliu. Bucureşti; 331p. vegetale, respectiv Festuco rubrae-Agrostietum 10. SANDA, V., BIŢĂ-NICOLAE, CLAUDIA, capillaris Horvat 1951 aparţine clasei MOLINIO- BARABAŞ, N., 2003 -Flora cormofitelor spontane şi ARRHENATHERETEA R. Tx. 1937 şi se cultivate din România, Edit. „Ion Borcea”, Bacău; încadrează în tipul de pajişti mezofile. Vegetaţia 316p. pajiştilor xerofile se regăseşte în fitocenozele 11. SANDA, V., BARABAŞ, N.,BIŢĂ-NICOLAE, celorlalte două asociaţii investigate şi anume CLAUDIA, 2005 - Breviar privind parametrii Taraxaco serotinae-Festucetum valesiacae (Burduja structurali şi caracteristicile ecologice ale et al. 1956, Răvăruţ et al. 1956) Sârbu, Coldea et fitocenozelor din România, Partea I, Edit.”Ion Chifu 1999 şi Taraxaco serotinae-Bothriochloetum Borcea”, Bacău; 255p. ischaemi (Burduja et al. 1956) Sârbu, Coldea et 12. SANDA, V., BIŢĂ-NICOLAE, CLAUDIA, Chifu care aparţin clasei FESTUCO-BROMETEA BARABAŞ, N., NEDELCU, A. G., 2006 - Breviar Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. in Br.-Br. 1949. Descrierea acestor fitocenologic, Edit. Rovimed Publishers, Bacău; asociaţii din teritoriul investigat sunt însoţite de 255p. tabele fitocenologice şi de analiza bioformelor, 13. SANDA, V., ÖLLERER, K., BURESCU, P., elementelor floristice şi indicilor ecologici. 2008 -Fitocenozele din România. Sintaxonomie, structură, dinamică şi evoluţie. Edit. Ars Docendi, References Universitatea din Bucureşti; 570p. 1. BARABAŞ, N., 1978 -Noi contribuţii la 14. SÂRBU, I., ŞTEFAN N., IVĂNESCU, studiul florei şi vegetaţiei din Bazinul Tazlăului, St. LĂCRĂMIOARA, MÂNZU, C., 2001 -Flora ilustrată a Com., Muz. Şt. Nat. Bacău., 1976-1977, 9-10; plantelor vasculare din Estul României, vol. I şi II, 163-192 Edit. Univ. „Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi; 373p şi 408p. 2. CHIFU, T., MÂNZU, C., ZAMFIRESCU, 15. SĂVULESCU, T. et. all., 1952-1976 -Flora OANA, 2006 -Flora şi vegetaţia Moldovei (România), R.P.R.-R.S.R (vol. I-XIII), Edit. Acad. R.S.R.-R.P.R. Bucureşti.

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro COMPLEXUL MUZEAL DE ŞTIINŢELE NATURII „ION BORCEA” BACĂU

STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI 2011 Vol. 24: 24 – 27

THE ASSESSMENT OF SOME ENZYME ACTIVITY IN RHODIOLA ROSEA L.

MAFTEI DANIEL – IOAN1, MIHAI COSMIN2, MAFTEI DIANA – ELENA3, GHIORGHIŢĂ GOGU4

ABSTRACT

The biological material used to determine the enzyme activity was represented by: plants harvested from the ex vitro environment (from Ceahlău Mountain) and plants grown in vitro (plantlets provided in the Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Biotechnology of the University „Vasile Alecsandri” from Bacău). This current study presents the results concerning the enzyme activity in Rhodiola rosea L. The biochemical analyses on the individuals of Rhodiola rosea L. aimed to depict the fluctuations in the activity of peroxidase, catalase and superoxyd-dismutase depending on the growth medium that provided these plants/plantlets. The data of our tests on the activity of some enzymatic systems in the plants of Rhodiola rosea L. do not imply a significant influence of the environment on the metabolic processes that take place in the analyzed individuals (obtained either ex vitro or in vitro).

Keywords: Rhodiola rosea L, enzymes, in vitro

Introduction differences in the activity of three enzymes: Rhodiola rosea L. is a species that has been peroxidase, catalase, and superoxyd-dismutase, used since antiquity as a remedy for many diseases depending on the growth medium that provided and it is well known in the traditional medicine for these plants/plantlets. The methods and protocols the benefits of its root extracts: improvement of were: the spectrophotometric determination of physical condition, asthenia, depression, treatment catalase activity (the Sinha protocol); the assessment of anemia, impotence, scurvy, gastro-intestinal and of peroxidase activity (the method by L. V. nervous system disorders, and also as a stimulant Gudkova and R. G. Degtlari); the assessment of and anti-inflammatory. superoxyd-dismutase activity (the method after Winterbourn, Hawkins, Brian and Carrell, adapted Material and method by V. Artenie). The biological material used to determine the enzyme activity was represented by: plants Results and discussions harvested from the ex vitro environment (from The first investigated enzyme was the peroxidase, its Ceahlău Mountain) and plants grown in vitro values were displayed by the table 1 and by the (plantlets provided in the Laboratory of Genetics graph 1. and Plant Biotechnology of the University „Vasile The plants that were grown ex vitro Alecsandri” from Bacău). Both types of biological manifested an augmentation of the peroxidase material were used, either to assess the enzymatic activity compared to the in vitro – provided plants, activity or to determine the total amount of proteins. the statistic results showing significant differences. This current study presents the results concerning As for the ex vitro plants, the difference in the enzyme activity in Rhodiola rosea L. percentages compared to the in vitro plantlets is The biochemical investigations was focussed on the about 15%, which signifies a high difference from the statistical viewpoint as well. It was ascertained ______1. “Ion Borcea” Natural Sciences Museum Complex,str. Aleea that the plants grown ex vitro display a higher level Parcului nr. 9, Bacău, Romania, e-mail [email protected]; of the oxidative stress than the in vitro regenerants. 2. University”Al.I. Cuza”, Faculty of Biology, B-dul Carol I, nr. Nevertheless, this difference in the activity of 20 A, Iaşi, Romania, e-mail [email protected]; peroxidase from the plants provided on both types of 3. University”V. Alecsandri”, str. Calea Mărăşeşti, nr. 157, Bacău, Romania, e-mail [email protected]; growth environment (ex- and in vitro) may derive from 4. Academy of Romanian Scientists, Piatra Neamţ Branch, the existence of some metabolic intensity caused by the e-mail [email protected]. different composition of their environment.

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Table no. 1 - The activity of peroxidase (UP/G/min) in the plants of Rhodiola rosea L. grown either ex vitro, or in vitro. The culture medium Mean ±SD p Ex vitro 3,557±0,24 - In vitro 3,097±0,29 <0,05

3,5

2,5

2 3,56

1,5 3,10

0,5

0 Graph 1 – The fluctuations in the activity of peroxidase registered in the plants of Rhodiola rosea L. grown ex vitro (the left column) or in vitro (the right column).

The catalase is the key enzyme in the regenerants. Though, in this case, the diffrences in response to the oxidative stress; its fluctuations the activity of the catalase is not significant from the were similar to those of the peroxidase, meaning statistical viewpoint. We consider this fluctuation as that the plants grown ex vitro displayed a higher a physiologically normal variation, given the level of peroxidase activity than the in vitro experimental conditions.

Table no. 2 - The fluctuations of the catalase activity within the Rhodiola rosea L. plants (provided either ex vitro or in vitro) Culture medium Mean ±SD p EX VITRO 578,518±72,49 - IN VITRO 531,301±73,07 NS

Graph 2 – The activity of the catalase assessed within the individuals of Rhodiola rosea L. provided ex vitro (the left column) or in vitro (the right column)

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro The last of the assessed enzymes was the both for the individuals of Rhodiola rosea L. grown superoxyd-dismutase; its activity was determined ex and also for the plantlets provided in vitro.

Table no. 3 – The activity of superoxyd-dismutase within the plants of Rhodiola rosea L. provided ex vitro and in vitro.

The culture medium Mean ±SD p EX VITRO 0,506±0,27 - IN VITRO 0,629±0,41 NS

0,9

0,8

0,7

0,6

0,5

0,4

0,3 0,63 0,51 0,2

0,1 0

Graph 3 – The enzymatic activity of superoxyd-dismutase, expressed in activity units, within the plants of Rhodiola rosea L. provided either ex vitro (the left column), or in vitro (the right column)

The significant alterations (from a statistical and in vitro) may be caused by a metabolic intensity viewpoint) of the peroxidase activity depending on determined by the different composition of the the environment in which the plants were provided growth medium. (ex/in vitro), without important fluctuations of the The catalase other enzymes that are involved in neutralyzing the The catalase showed a similar response to free radicals, suggest that the components of the that of the peroxidase; the ex vitro grown plants growth medium moderately influence the oxidative displayed a higher level of the peroxidase activity processes in the individuals of Rhodiola rosea L. compared to the in vitro plantlets. In this case, the difference in the activity of Conclusions the enzyme is not statistically significant; it probably The biochemical analyses on the individuals represents a normal physiological variation, given of Rhodiola rosea L. aimed to depict the fluctuations the experimental conditions. in the activity of peroxidase, catalase and The superoxyd-dismutase superoxyd-dismutase depending on the growth Its activity did not prove any significant medium that provided these plants/plantlets. difference between the plants from the two life The peroxidase environments (ex/in vitro). The plants grown ex vitro displayed an The significant alterations of the peroxidase augmentation in the activity of peroxidase compared to activity depending on the environment in which the the plantlets provided in vitro; the difference between plants were provided (ex/in vitro), without important the two environments was statistically significant. fluctuations of the other enzymes involved in It may be stated that the plants harvested from neutralyzing the free radicals, suggest that the the ex vitro environment display a higher level of the components of the life environment moderately oxidative stress than the plantlets grown in vitro. influence the oxidative processes in the individuals This difference in the activity of peroxidase of Rhodiola rosea L. within the plants grown on both environments (ex-

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro The data of our tests on the activity of some cele crescute pe mediul BB1 şi în cele din urmă de enzymatic systems in the plants of Rhodiola rosea L. plantele colectate din mediul natural. do not imply a significant influence of the Diferenţele de activitate dintre condiţiile in environment on the metabolic processes that take vitro şi cele ex vitro sunt explicabile prin prisma place in the analyzed individuals (obtained either ex diferenţelor de condiţii de viaţă, expunerea la diverşi vitro or in vitro). agenţi stresori sau prezenţa sau nu a unor dăunători ce ar putea determina un răspuns de apărare a plantei. Rezumat Profilul biochimic al speciei Rhodiola rosea References L. în condiţiile cultivării acesteia in vitro, pe mediile 1. ARTENIE V., TĂNASE E., 1981 - de cultură BG1 şi BB1, precum şi pe plantele Practicum de biochimie generală, Edit. Univ. colectate din mediul lor natural (plante provenite din „Al.I.Cuza” Iaşi, p. 209-210. masivul Ceahlău), a presupus determinarea 2. ARTENIE V., UNGUREANU E., NEGURĂ nivelurilor de activitate ale peroxidazei, catalazei, superoxid-dismutazei şi a conţinutului de proteine A.M., 2008 - Metode de investigare a metabolismului totale din frunză, tulpină şi rădăcină. glucidic şi lipidic - manual de lucrări practice, Ed. Activitatea enzimatică cunoaşte o creştere PIM, Iaşi. graduală de la nivelul frunzei la cel al rădăcinii, 3. BODEA C., 1982 - Tratat de biochimie diferenţele fiind semnificative din punct de vedere vegetală, Edit. Acad. R.S.R., Bucureşti, vol IV, 243-262. statistic. Această ierarhizare, se menţine atât în cazul 4. BROWN P.R., GERBARG L.P., RAMAZANOV plantulelor crescute pe mediile artificiale, cât şi în Z., 2002 – Rhodiola rosea – A phytomedicinal cazul exemplarelor colectate din mediul lor natural. Diferenţe apar doar în cazul magnitudinii de overview, Herbal Gram, 56, 40-48. activitate, cel mai scăzut nivel fiind înregistrat în 5. TIŢĂ I., 2003 - Botanică farmaceutică, cazul plantulelor crescute pe mediul BG1, urmate de Edit. Did. şi Pedag., Bucureşti.

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STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI 2011 Vol. 24: 28 – 35

THE TEMPORARY EXHIBITION “CURIOSITIES IN THE WORLD OF PLANTS”

OTILIA CARMEN PAVEL1, ORTANSA JIGĂU1

ABSTRACT

The temporary exhibition “Curiosities in the world of plants” was organized by “Ion Borcea” Natural Sciences Museum Complex Bacău. The 117 species of mushrooms collected in the areas of Luncani (Slatina Forest) and Dofteana (Dofteana Forest) were presented in this exhibition according to scientific, aesthetic and didactic criteria. The macromycetes species belong to 7 biological forms and to 6 ecological categories.

Keywords: fungi, mushrooms, macromycetes, exhibition, museum, Bacău, România.

Introduction Bacău was a major resource for studies in evolution, The temporary exhibition “Curiosities in the systematics, and biodiversity of fungi and lichens world of plants” was intended to bring to public and conservation of their habitats. In the exhibition attention the world of mushrooms and to present were present herbarium specimens of algae, lichens edible and toxic species. The exhibition was and fungi taken from the herbarium collections. addressed to general public, mushroom pickers, Organizing the exhibition “Curiosities in the specialists willing to know the diversity of species vegetable world” involved a series of specific which frequently occured in Bacău County forests. activities for setting up of such an event: The public had the opportunity to admire a mycological applications in different ecosystems, great variety of fresh mushroom species collected editing advertising materials, identification and from deciduous forests from the surroundings of the exhibition of collected specimens, guiding the following localities: Dofteana and Luncani. visitors and preserving the specimens for the The exhibition offered visitors the museum collection. opportunity to know the diversity and importance of The mycological material was collected the plant world and to learn interesting facts about during the mycological application (20-21 October fungi, algae and lichens. In the exhibition were 2010) undertaken in deciduous forests from the exhibited specimens of major fungal groups, following locations: Dofteana and Luncani (fig. 3). collected from local forests. The macromycetes species displayed in the The organisers also went to great pains to temporary exhibitions were identified by Dr. Pavel provide a number of attractions, bringing visitors Otilia and Dr. Jigău Ortansa. closer to the mushrooms. The event was also The collected mushrooms specimens were supported by Profesor Cătălin Rang with the photo identified using the mycological literature (1, 2, 3, 4, exhibition entitled “Hats in the forest”. In 2010, the 5, 6, 7, 8). exposition was held at the Vivarium of Bacău on 22 The mushroom species collected in the October 2010 (fig. 1, 2). mycological application and presented in the temporary exhibition are systematically listed in Material and methods Table 1, after Kirk and collab. (9). The mycology collection at the“Ion Taxa and their authors were presented Borcea” Natural Sciences Museum Complex from according to the amended electronic version of Index Fungorum (Kirk and collab.) (9). ______The classification of the macromycetes 1. “Ion Borcea” Natural Science Musezm Complex Bacău, regarding the bioform (life form), their use and Aleea Parcului nr. 9, Bacău, e-mai: [email protected]; importance for people was made after G. Sălăgeanu [email protected] (8) and E. Boa (10).

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Fig. 3 – Map of Bacău County

Results and discussions species), 3 classes, 12 orders, 30 families, 53genera The exhibition displayed macromycetes (117 (tab. 1). species of mushrooms), 7 species of lichens and 6 The genera with the most numerous species are species of algae. Russula with 23 species and Lactarius with 8 species. Species belonging to three kingdoms (1 to The macromycete species belong to 7 Bacteria, 5 to Plantae and 124 to Fungi) and five biological forms and 6 ecological categories (tab. phylums (Cynobacteria – 1species, Charopyta – 1).The bioform spectrum is dominated by 1species, Chlorophyta - 1species, Ascomycota – 11 mycetogeophyta mycorrhiza (Gm) with 50 species species and 113 species from Basidiomycota). (tab. 1). The ecological spectrum is generally Algae specimens presented in the exhibition: dominated by saprophytic species (57) and Chara vulgaris L., Cladophora glomerata (L.) mycorrhizal species (50) (tab.1, fig. 4). Kützing, Oscilatoria sp., Pleurococcus vulgaris From the point of view of economic Meneghini, Spirogyra majuscula Kützing, Spirogyra importance the most numeros are the edible species varians (Hassall) Kützing, – 52 (38%), followed by the inedible species – 45 Lichen specimens presented in the exhibition: (33%), medicinal mushrooms – 21 species (15 %) Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach., Pycnothelia papillaria and poisonous species – 19 (14 %) (tab. 1). (Ehrh.) L.M. Dufour, Cladonia ochrochlora Flörke From the edible mushrooms, 17 species have 1828, Parmelia caperata (L.) Ach., Toninia very high food value and 35 species have a medium sedifolia (Scop.) Timdal, Parmelia physodes (L.) food value or a low food value. Ach., Peltigera horizontalis (Huds.) Baumg. The finding of rare species such as Geastrum The 117 species of mushrooms identified rufescens Pers., Hygrocybe coccinea (Schaeff.) P. belong to: 1 kingdom (Fungi), 2 phylums Kumm.and Mutinus caninus (Huds.) Fr. is (Ascomycota – 4 species and Basidiomycota – 113 interesting.

Table 1 - Macromycete species collected (October 2010)

No. Species name Biological Ecological Categories SF DF C forms category of WUS Kingdom FUNGI Phylum Ascomycota Class Pezizomycetes Order Pezizales Family Pezizaceae

1. Peziza badia Pers. 1800 Gs St edible +

Family Pyronemataceae

2. Aleuria aurantia (Pers.) Fuckel 1870 *

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Class Sordariomycetes Gs St edible + Order Xylariales Family Xylariaceae 3. Xylaria hypoxylon (L.) Grev. 1824 EPx Sl inedible + 4. Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev. 1824 EPx Sl inedible, m. + Phylum Basidiomycota Class Agaricomycetes Order Agaricales Family Agaricaceae 1. Agaricus arvensis Schaeff. 1774 Gs St food + + 2. Agaricus benesii (Pilát) Pilát 1951 Gs St food + 3. Agaricus silvicola (Vittad.) Peck 1872 Gs St food + + 4. Coprinus comatus (O.F. Müll.) Pers. 1797 Th St food WC, m. + 5. Cyathus striatus (Huds.) Willd 1787 EPx-Gs Sl inedible, m. + 6. Lepiota cristata (Bolton) P. Kumm. 1871 Gs St poisonous + 7. Lepiota clypeolaria (Bull.) P. Kumm. 1871 Gs St Poisonous + + 8. Lycoperdon excipuliforme (Scop.) Pers. (1801) Gs St edible WC, m. + 9. Lycoperdon perlatum Pers. 1796 Gs St edible WC, m. + + 10. Lycoperdon pyriforme Schaeff. 1774 EPx Sl edible WC, m. + + 11. Macrolepiota procera var. procera (Scop.) Singer 1948 Gs St Food + Family Amanitaceae 12. Amanita citrina (Pers.) Pers. 1797 Gm M poisonous + + 13. Amanita muscaria var. muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783 Gm M poisonous, m. + 14. Amanita phalloides (Vaill. ex Fr.) Link 1833 Gm M poisonous D + + 15. Amanita rubescens var. rubescens Pers. 1797 Gm M food WC + Family Cortinariaceae 16. Cortinarius bulliardi (Pers.) Fr. 1838 Gm M inedible + 17. Cortinarius multiformis Fr. 1838 Gm M inedible + 18. Cortinarius triumphans Fr. 1838 Gm M inedible + Family Inocybaceae 19. Inocybe geophylla var. geophylla (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871 Gm M poisonous + 20. Inocybe geophylla var. lilacina Gillet Gm M poisonous + Family Hydnangiaceae 21. Laccaria laccata (Scop.) Cooke 1884 Gm M edible + Family Hygrophoraceae 22. Hygrophorus agathosmus (Fr.) Fr. Gs St edible + 23. Hygrophorus chrysodon (Batsch) Fr. Gs St edible + 24. Hygrophorus eburneus (Bull) Fr. Gs St edible + + 25. Hygrophorus lindtneri M.M. Moser 1967 Gs St inedible + 26. Hygrocybe coccinea (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. Gs St edible + Family Marasmiaceae 27. Gymnopus dryophilus (Bull.) Murrill (1916) Gs Sf edible + 28. Gymnopus peronatus (Bolton) Antonín, Halling & Gs Sf inedible + + Noordel. 1997 29. Marasmius alliaceus (Jacq.) Fr. 1838 Gs Sf edible + 30. Marasmius wynneae Berk. & Broome 1860 Gs Sf inedible + 31. Rhodocollybia butyracea f. butyracea (Bull.) Lennox 1979 Gs St edible + + Family Mycenaceae 32. Mycena pura (Pers.) P. Kumm.1871 Gs St poisonous + +

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro 33. Mycena rosea (Schumach.) Gramberg 1912 Gs St poisonous + 34. Mycena vulgaris (Pers.) P. Kumm. 1871 Gs Sf inedible + Family Physalacriaceae 35. Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm. 1871 Ex-EPx SPl food WC, m. + + 36. Xerula radicata (Relhan) Dörfelt (1975) Gp P edible, m. + Family Pluteaceae 37. Pluteus cervinus var. cervinus P. Kumm. (1871) EPx Sl edible + Family Psathyrellaceae 38. Coprinellus micaceus (Bull.) Vilgalys, Hopple & Jacq. Johnson 2001 Th Sh edible NO + + 39. Coprinopsis atramentaria (Bull.) Redhead, Vilgalys Th Sh poisonous, m. + + & Moncalvo 2001 40. Coprinopsis picacea (Bull.) Redhead, Vilgalys & Gs St inedible + Moncalvo 41. Psathyrella conopilus (Fr.) A. Pearson & Dennis 1948 Gs St inedible + 42. Psathyrella piluliformis (Bull.) P.D. Orton 1969 EPx Sl inedible + Family Schizophyllaceae 43. Schizophyllum commune Fr. 1815 Ex-EPx SPl inedible, m. + Family Strophariaceae 44. Hypholoma fasciculare (Huds.) P. Kumm. 1871 EPx Sl poisonous + + 45. Hypholoma sublateritium (Schaeff.) Quél. EPx Sl poisonous + 46. Stropharia aeruginosa (Curtis) Quél. 1872 Gs St poisonous + Family Tricholomataceae 47. Clitocybe gibba (Pers.) P. Kumm. 1871 Gs Sf edible + 48. Clitocybe nebularis (Batsch) P. Kumm. 1871 Gs St edible WC + + 49. Clitocybe odora (Bull.) P. Kumm. 1871 Gs St edible + 50. Lepista flaccida (Sowerby) Pat. 1887 Gs St edible + 51. Lepista irina (Fr.) H.E. Bigelow 1959 Gs St food + 52. Lepista nuda (Bull.) Cooke 1871 Gs St food + + 53. Melanoleuca grammopodia (Bull.) Murrill 1914 Gs St food + 54. Tricholoma atrosquamosum Sacc. 1887 Gm M food + 55. Tricholoma aurantium (Schaeff.) Ricken 1914 Gm M inedible + 56. Tricholoma myomyces (Pers.) J.E. Lange (1933) Gm M food + + 57. Tricholoma sejunctum (Sowerby) Quél. 1872 Gm M inedible + 58. Tricholoma ustale (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871 Gm M edible + 59. Tricholoma saponaceum var. saponaceum (Fr.) P. Gm M inedible + Kumm. 1871 60. Tricholomopsis rutilans (Schaeff.) Singer EPx Sl edible WC + Incertae sedis 61. Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus (Bull.) Th St poisonous + + Quél. 1873 Order Auriculariales Family Auriculariaceae 62. Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. Ex-EPx SPl edible, m + 63. Exidia glandulosa (Bull.) Fr. 1822 Ex-EPx SPl inedible + Order Boletales Family Boletaceae 64. Boletus badius (Fr.) Fr. 1832 Gm M food + Family Paxillaceae 65. Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838 Gm M poisonous +

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Order Cantharellales Family Clavulinaceae 66. Clavulina cinerea (Bull.) J. Schröt. 1888 Gs St edible + 67. Clavulina coralloides (L.) J. Schröt. Gs St edible + Order Geastrales Family Geastraceae 68. Geastrum fimbriatum Fr. 1929 Gs St inedible + 69. Geastrum rufescens Pers. 1801 Gs St inedible * 70. Geastrum triplex Jungh. 1840 Gs St inedible * Order Gomphales Family Gomphaceae 71. Ramaria formosa (Pers.) Quél. 1888 Gs St poisonous + Order Phallales Family Phallaceae 72. Mutinus caninus (Huds.) Fr. 1849 Gs St inedible + Order Polyporales Family Ganodermataceae 73. Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. 1881 EPx Sl inedible, m * Family Fomitopsidaceae 74. Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst. 1881 Ex-EPx SPl inedible, m + Family Polyporaceae 75. Daedaleopsis confragosa (Bolton) J. Schröt. 1888 Ex-EPx SPl inedible, m + 76. Fomes fomentarius (L.) J. Kickx f. 1867 Ex-EPx SPl inedible, m + + 77. Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (Jacq.) P. Karst. 1881 Ex-EPx SPl inedible, m + 78. Trametes gibbosa (Pers.) Fr. 1838 EPx Sl inedible, m + 79. Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd 1921 EPx Sl inedible, m + + 80. Tyromyces lacteus (Fr.) Murrill 1907 Dof EPx Sl inedible, m + Order Russulales Family Russulaceae 81. Lactarius blennius (Fr.) Fr. 1838 Gm M poisonous + 82. Lactarius controversus (Pers.) Pers. 1796 Gm M inedible + 83. Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray 1821 Gm M food + 84. Lactarius deterrimus Gröger 1968 Gm M edible + 85. Lactarius rufus (Scop.) Fr. Gm M inedible + 86. Lactarius subdulcis (Pers.) Gray 1821 Gm M edible + 87. Lactarius turpis (Weinm.) Fr. 1838 Gm M inedible + 88. Lactarius vellereus (Fr.) Fr. 1838 Gm M edible NO + 89. Russula albonigra (Krombh.) Fr. 1874 Gm M edible + 90. Russula atropurpurea (Krombh.) Britzelm 1893 Gm M inedible + 91. Russula atrorubens Quél. 1898 Gm M inedible + 92. Russula betularum Hora. 1960 Gm M inedible + 93. Russula cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr Gm M food + + 94. Russula delica Fr. 1838 Gm M food + 95. Russula decipiens (Singer) Kühner & Romagn. 1985 Gm M inedible + 96. Russula farinipes Romell 1893 Gm M inedible + 97. Russula fellea (Fr.) Fr. 1838 Gm M inedible + 98. Russula foetens (Pers.) Pers. Gm M inedible + 99. Russula integra var. integra (L.) Fr. 1838 Gm M edible WC + 100. Russula ionochlora Romagn. 1952 Gm M edible +

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro 101. Russula ochroleuca (Pers.) Fr. 1838 Gm M edible + 102. Russula maculata Quél. 1877 Gm M inedible + 103. Russula nauseosa (Pers.) Fr. 1838 Gm M inedible + 104. Russula nobilis Velen. 1920 Gm M poisonous + 105. Russula pectinata Fr. 1838 Gm M inedible + 106. Russula pseudointegra Arnould & Goris 1907 Gm M edible + 107. Russula queletii Fr. 1872 Gm M poisonous + 108. Russula veternosa Fr. 1838 Gm M inedible + 109. Russula violacea Quél. 1882 Gm M inedible + 110. Russula virescens (Schaeff.) Fr. 1836 Gm M food, m + + 111. Russula xerampelina (Schaeff.) Fr. 1838 Gm M edible + Family Stereaceae 112. Stereum hirsutum (Willd.) Pers 1800 Ex-EPx SPl inedible, m + Order Thelephorales Family Bankeraceae 113. Sarcodon imbricatus (L.) P. Karst. 1881 Gm M edible + Total numbers of species - 117 85 52 4

Legend: Biological forms Species Species number Ecological category number Gm – mycetogeophyta mycorrhiza 50 M – mycorrhizal fungi 50 Gs – mycetogeophyta saprophytica 40 Sf – saprophytic fungi on litter 6 Th – mycetotherophyta 4 St – saprophytic fungi on soil or humus 38 EPx – mycetoepixilophyta 12 Sl – saprophytic fungi on dead wood 13 Ex-EPx – mycetoedoxilophyta – mycetoepixilophyta 9 SPl – saproparasitic fungi on wood 9 EPx-Gs – mycetoepixilophyta – mycetogeophyta 1 P – parasitic fungi 1 saprophytica Gp – mycetogeophyta parasitica 1 Categories of wild useful fungi Food - eatable with great nutritional value 14 Poisonous D - deadly 1 food WC - food with caution or conditions; it might 3 18 cause upsets in some, or it must be cooked first, or it Poisonous - do not eat; mushrooms which should only be eaten when young. cause intoxications 27 Medicinal (m) - used as medicine or 21 edible - eatable with medicinal properties Edible WC- edible with caution or conditions; it 6 Inedible - do not eat 45 might cause upsets in some, or it must be cooked first, or it should only be eaten when young. Edible NO - edible but not recommended; inedible 2 Place and date of collection: 1. Slatina Forest (SF): 20.10.2010; 2. Dofteana Forest (DF): 21.10.2010; 3. C: specimens in the collection.

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Fig. 4 - The spectrum of ecological category

Rezumat species and Basidiomycota – 113 species), 3 classes, Expoziţia temporară “Curiozităţi din lumea 12 orders, 30 families, 53 genera. vegetală” a fost organizată de Complexul Muzeal From the point of view of economic importance de Ştiinţele Naturii “Ion Borcea” Bacău, în perioada the most numeros are the edible mushrooms with 52 20-22 octombrie 2010. species, followed by the inedible macromycetes with În cadrul expoziţiei au fost expuse 117 specii 45 species, medicinal mushrooms with 21 taxa and 19 de macromicete, 7 specii de licheni şi 6 specii de alge. toxic species. Macromicetele aparţin la 2 regnuri, 3 încrengături, 3 clase, 12 ordine, 30 familii şi 53 genuri. Acknowledgements Din punct de vedere al importanţei economice, We like to express our gratitude to our cele mai numeroase au fost ciupercile comestibile – colleagues who took part in the field application and 52 specii, urmate de cele necomestibile - 45, in the organization of the exhibition. medicinale – 21 şi 19 specii toxice. Expoziţia a fost cuprinsă în Programul References manifestărilor culturale şi ştiinţifice aprobate şi 1. BECKER G., 2000 – Champignons, finanţate de Consiliul Judeţean Bacău, pe anul 2010. Gründ, Paris, p 223. 2. BON M., 1988 - Champignons de France Conclusions et d'Europe Occidentale, Ed. Arthaud, Paris, p 345. The temporary exhibition was an important 3. BON M., 1990 – Les Hygrophores. cultural and scientific event that contributed to the Hygrophoraceae Lotsy, Flore Mycologique spread of knowledge about species of fungi, algae d’Europe, 1, Documents Mycologiques, Mémoire and lichens in Bacau County. Hors série N° 1: 99. Mycologists are interested in documenting 4. BON M., 1991 – Les Tricholomes et and understanding the diversity and biogeography of ressemblents, Flore Mycologique d’Europe, 2, Documents fungi, the effect of human activity on this diversity Mycologiques, Mémoire Hors série N° 2: 153. and the mutually beneficial symbioses (mutualisms) 5. BON M., 1993 – Les Lépiotes. Lepiotaceae such as lichens and mycorrhizae that fungi form Roze, Flore Mycologique d’Europe, 3, Documents with plants. Mycologiques, Mémoire Hors série N° 3: 153. The exhibition presented information on the 6. BON M., 1997 – Les Clitocybes, Omphales et diversity and curiosities in the Kingdom of Fungi, ressemblants, Flore Mycologique d’Europe, 4, Documents with an emphasis on edible species. Mycologiques, Mémoire Hors série N° 4: 181. The exhibition displayed macromycetes (117 7. BON M., 1999 - Collybio-Marasmioides et species), 7 species of lichens and 6 species of algae. ressemblants, Flore Mycologique d’Europe, 5, Documents The 117 species of mushrooms collected in Mycologiques, Mémoire Hors série N° 5: 171. the areas of Luncani (Slatina Forest) and Dofteana 8. SĂLĂGEANU Gh., SĂLĂGEANU A., (Dofteana Forest) were presented in this exhibition 1985 – Determinator pentru recunoa şterea according to scientific, aesthetic and didactic ciupercilor comestibile, necomestibile şi otrăvitoare criteria. The macromycetes species belong to 7 din România. Edit. Ceres, Bucureşti, p 330. biological forms and to 6 ecological categories. 9. http://www.http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names The species of mushrooms identified belong /Names.asp/10/01/2012. to: 1 kingdom (Fungi), 2 phylums (Ascomycota – 4 10. http://www.wildusefulfungi.org/Search.asp? SearchType=Fungus/20/10/2011.

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Fig. 1 - The opening of the exhibition “Curiosities in the world of plants”

Fig. 2 - The opening of the exhibition “Hats in the forest”

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STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI 2011 Vol. 24: 36 – 39

PART II – ANIMAL BIOLOGY

THE STRUCTURE OF IDOTEA BALTHICA POPULATION FROM AGIGEA AREA

IONELA RALUCA VĂCĂREANU1, VICTOR SURUGIU2

ABSTRACT

In this paper we present the results of a research that focused on the Idotea balthica (Isopoda, Crustacea) population’s structure from the Agigea area. The other two species of isopods cited for Romanian Black Sea coast, Idotea metallica and Synisoma capito, were not found among individuals collected. The results indicate that the highest value of biomass was recorded in May (20,4936g/m2); in the coming months biomass decreases because of male mortality and recruitment of juvenile in this period. August is characterized by the lowest biomass (1,9467g/m2 ) and a density of 341 individuals/m2. The histograms show changes in population size classes for the six month study. Notice the difference between May, where individuals are large, sexually mature and June, July, August, September and October characterized by small to medium sized individuals. The analysis of co-variation of biomass and density values shows that these individuals have two breeding periods represented by the May- June and October. The number of eggs, embryos or youngs found is also much lower in July-September period.

KEYWORDS: Idotea balthica, population, Black Sea

Introduction magnifying glass in the laboratory of Hydrobiology. Idotea balthica (Pallas) is a widespread Sexes were separated based on the external genitalia. species, very important consumer and prey for To determine the length of the body, individuals benthic organisms. At the Black Sea is the most were measured from cephalic extremity to the end of common crustacean, it dwells in the macrophyte the telson using a binocular micrometer. accumulations and in the near-shore thickets. To determining the species we used the work of Studies on the dynamics and reproductive Cărăuşu (1955). Density and biomass have been biology of a population of Idotea balthica have been reported in square meters headband. Biomass was made, so far, on NW European coasts and in the expressed as wet weight. Bodies have been weighing on Baltic Sea (4) in the Bay of Naples (Mare Morto, 2) an analytical electron balance accurate to 0.0001g. and in French lagoons (3). Abundance (ind/m2) was calculated by dividing the The present study set out to determine the number of individuals found on the surface studied in the lifehistory of Idotea balthica, changes in sex-ratio and unit – m2. Biomass (g/m2) is the total weight of individuals de sexual activity during the warm period of the year. present per unit area. Data were processed by statistical methods using the program M.S. EXCEL 2010. Material and methods In order to study the lifehistory and structure Results and discussions of the isopod Idotea balthica, samples were taken In the 6 samples collected monthly were during May – October 2009, at intervals of about 30 found and analyzed 669 individuals of Idotea days, from Agigea. balthica, of whom 364 are females, of which Identification of larval stages to sex and 31.66% were pregnant. The maximum number of pregnant counting was done under binocular pregnant females was found in May (67.60% of total ______females), with an average of 81.46 larval stages/ind. 1 - Universitatea din Bucureşti, Facultatea de Biologie, Splaiul A month later the percentage decreases to 59.76% Independenţei, Nr. 91 – 95, sector 5, Bucureşi, pregnant females with 66.43 larval stages/ind. In [email protected] 2 - Universitatea „Al. I. Cuza”, Facultatea de Biologie, B-dul July and August reduced the percentage of pregnant Carol I, nr. 20 A, cod. 700506, Iaşi, [email protected] females more than the number of eggs and embryos

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro (the lowest value recorded is 4.17% pregnant in July and 6.15% in August, with 15.75 larval stages/ind in July respectively 18.50 larval stages/ind in August), but increases to 26.42% values fall reaching pregnant in September and 22.58% in October wearing a average number of 13.21 larval stages/ind in September, 14.14 respectively larval stages/ind in October. The analysis of the chart (Fig. 1 – ) shows that youngs exceed during breeding periods (the maximum number of young count for a single female is 132 in June and 117 in May).

Fig. 2 – Density variation of Idotea balthica

Fig. 1. - Graphical representation of the average number of larval stages Fig. 3 – Biomass variation (DWg/m2) (A = eggs, B = embryos, C = youngs). of Idotea balthica

Maximum monthly average of eggs is 43, From the simultaneous analysis of biomass value reached in May. A month later this value and density variations graphs shows that Idotea decreases to 15 eggs/female, reaching minimum balthica has two breeding periods: one in May-June values in October (2 eggs/female). In July and and a second in October. These periods are most August we didn’t find youngs. likely influenced by the large amount of food due to Of 126 pregnant females only one have two algal flowering in late May and September. larval stages (egg and embryo), all other females had But, Idotea balthica doesn’t reproduce only only one larval stage, most showing eggs or young. in these periods, it reproduces continuously (I’m Maximum density is recorded in July 751 referring here to the study period), but weaker in ind./m2 (Fig. 2 – ), the density decreases over the July – September. In the samples samples collected coming months reaches 484 ind./m2 in September during this period we found pregnant females of and 443 ind./m2 in October. The minimum value of Idotea wearing a small number of eggs and embryos 341 ind./m2 for August due to weather conditions (minimum values were recorded in July: 4 pregnant during the sampling of individuals. The sea was females carrying only 63 eggs and embryos). rough, the waves were very strong, with a frequency of 3 to 5 seconds and up to 60-80 cm high. The highest value of biomass, recorded in May (20.4936 g/m2) is given by adult individuals belonging to class sizes exceeding 8.4 mm. Death of males after reproduction and harvesting of juveniles causes low levels of biomass between June to October, with a minimum in August (1.9467 g/m2). Biomass (fig. 3 – ) decreased sharply in June, but increased density, which means that individuals collected are mostly juveniles, which can be seen Fig. 4 - Sex-ratio. ♀/♂ from the analysis of histograms of size classes.

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro (C1 and C2) that disappear in June, replaced by a cohort of juveniles (C3) resulting from reproduction. As we can see from the fig. 4 and tab 1., sex- ratio values range between 1,17 and 2,71, the highest number of females could be due to male mortality after reproduction.

Table 1. – Sex-ratio.

Month Total number of Sex-ratio Fig. 5 - Mean reproductive activity of Idotea individuals ♀/♂ balthica population of Agigea area (7), Bay of May 114 1,65 Naples* and French lagoons* (*2) June 120 2,25 July 147 1,56 August 83 2,71 Sexual activity (number of ovigerous females September 131 1,17 / total number of females x 100%) presents the October 74 1,63 highest value in May and June (67,6%, respectively 62,02%). In the coming month the amount decreases up to 6,25% (fig. 5). Measurement of body length of individuals collected made possible study population by size class, the appearance of cohorts and its evolution over time. In this respect have been established 11 classes of sizes. Length of individuals ranged from 2.88 mm (for individuals harvested in September) and 21.28 mm (for isopodes taken in May). Charts May and October are bimodal (fig. 7 –), indicating the coexistence of two cohorts. For other months Fig. 6 – The correlation between length (L) and wet charts are unimodal. In May there were two cohorts weight (FW).

Size-classes Size-classes

Fig. 7 – Mean size-frequency distribution of Idotea balthica (May – October 2009).

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Idotea balthica is an isomorphic species, Rezumat which results from the analysis of correlation (fig. 6) În această lucrare sunt prezentate rezultatele between the length L and wet biomass FW (y = 5E- unei cercetări care s-au concentrate asupra structurii 13x2,5961, R² = 0,9574). şi dinamicii populaţiei izopodului Idotea balthica din zona Agigea (Marea Neagră). Conclusions Cea mai mare valoare a biomasei a fost This study presents the results of a study inregistrată în luna mai (20,4936g/m2), în lunile care focused on the dynamic population of Idotea urmează biomasa scade datorită mortalităţii balthica from the Agigea area – Black Sea. The masculilor în urma reproducerii şi juvenililor. Luna other two species cited for the Romanian Black Sea august se caracterizează prin cea mai mica valoare a coast, Idotea metallica and Synisoma capito, were biomasei (1,9467g/m2) şi o densitate de 341 ind.m2. not found among the sampled individuals. Histogramele claselor de mărimii prezintă The results indicate a high biomass in May două cohorte în luna mai (C1 şi C2), din care fac (20,4936g/m2), it falls more in the coming months parte indivizi mature sexual care vor dispare în due to male mortality after reproduction and iunie, fiind înlocuite de o cohort de juvenili(C3). harvesting during this period of juveniles. Also, the Analiza simultană a biomasei şi densităţii arată că higher density in July could be a consequence of Idotea balthica se reproduce tot timpul anului, ar reproduction. mult mai intens în lunile mai-iunie şi în toamnă. Our results show differences in terms of sexual activity. At Agigea, the number of ovigerous References females has the highest values in May-June. The 1. CĂRĂUŞU, A. 1955. Contribuţii la lowest values of ovigeous females, recorded in July- studiul isopodelor (Crustacea Malacostraca) Mării August is due to female mortality at a few days after Negre (litoralul românesc şi regiunile învecinate). release of juveniles. In French lagoons (3), more than III. Familia Idoteidae. Analele Ştiinţifice ale Univ. 50% of the females are ovigerous in summer, but to fall „Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi. 137 -214 pp. this decrease to less than 10%. A higher reproduction 2. GUARINO, S.M., de NICOLA, M., 1992. rate presents the populations of Idotea balthica from Population dynamics of Idotea balthica the Bay of Naples, with more than 90% ovigerous (Pallas)(Crustacea, Isopoda) in the Bay of Naples. females all over the year (3). Marine Eutrophication and Population Dynamics 25th At Agigea Idotea balthica reproduce all over European Marine Biology Symposium 165 – 168. the year, but more in early spring (with release of 3. KOUWENBERG, J., TAN, S., SNOCK, juveniles in June) and autumn. In the northern Baltic B., PINKSTER, S., 1987. Population dynamics of Sea the pairing period starts with precopula in early three brackish water isopod species (Crustacea) in June (5), females lay their eggs into brood punch in the lagoon system of Bages – Sigean (France) III. June, and juveniles are released before the end of Reproductive rates of Idotea balthica and Idotea July (5, 6). granulosa. Vie et Milieu 37: 103 – 114. Males die soon after copulation (5) so the 4. HARVEY, C.E., JONES, M.B., sex-ratio becomes more female biased in July. In NAYLOR, E., 1973. Some factors affecting the August mortality among females increase, after the distribution of estuarine isopods. (Crustacea). release of juveniles (5, 6). At Agigea, sex-ratio is Estuar. Coast. Mar. Sci. 1: 113 – 124. female biased all over the study period, with highest 5. TUOMI, J., JORMALAINEN, V., amount in June (after the first period of reproduction ILVESSALO, H., 1988. Growth, food consumption and death of males) and August. In the Bay of and reproductive tactics of the aquatic isopod Idotea Naples the sex-ratio is constantly 1, suggesting no balthica. Ann. Zool. Fennici 25: 145 - 151. mortality in both sexes (guarino). 6. SALEMAA, H., 1979. ECOLOGY OF The histograms of size-frequency shows two Idotea spp. (Isopoda) in the northern Baltic. Ophelia cohorts in May (C1 and C2) that disappear in June, 18: 133 – 150. replaced by a cohort of juveniles (C3) resulting from 7. VĂCĂREANU, I.R., 2010. Structura reproduction. populaţiilor şi producţia secundară a speciei Idotea balthica (Crustacea, Isopoda) din zona Agigea. Lucrare de disertaţie. Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” Iaşi. 50pp.

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STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI 2011 Vol. 24: 40 – 43

DATA REGARDING THE ALIEN / INVASIVE SPECIES OF INSECTS PRESERVED IN THE HERITAGE OF THE OLTENIA MUSEUM CRAIOVA (II)

CORNELIA CHIMIŞLIU*

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper is to continue publishing the scientific data pertaining to alien/invasive insects from the heritage of the Oltenia Museum Craiova. This data will contribute to the knowledge regarding the distribution of such species in Romania.The material analyzed in this paper consists of insects preserved in the new fund of the entomological heritage of the museum (established in the period 1980-2011). There were identified 12 alien/invasive species which have been colected on 24 sites from 6 counties of Romania. Beside the nine previously identified species (Blatta orientalis, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Anoxia (Protanoxia) orientalis, Blitopertha lineata, Stictocephala bisonia, Eurygaster integriceps, Calliptamus italicus, Pezotettix giornae, Oecanthus pellucens) in the museum heritag, three new coleoptera species have been found: Sitophilus oryzae, Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum.

Keywords: alien / invasive insects, entomological collections, the Oltenia Museum Craiova.

Introduction unpublished and previously published data from the In recent years, the knowledge regarding non- above mentioned time period (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11). native/invasive species has become one of the For each species we presented earlier objectives of the researches conducted by specialists. references from the museum heritage (in Such knowledge pertaining to alien/invasive species chronological order of the papers publishing dates, that have entered and have adapted in diverse indicating collection sites and years), the analyzed ecosystems, is essential for their monitoring as well as material, the number of specimens and the origin of for the assessment of possible ecological imbalances. the species. The collection sites are listed The museum collections are genuine alphabetically, while the collection dates are specified databases of information on fauna diversity. They in chronological order. preserve important data on the presence and distribution of species. Results and discussions The purpose of this paper is to continue After processing the material (651 specimens), publishing the scientific data pertaining to alien / we have identified 12 species included in 4 orders, invasive insects from the heritage of the museum. collected from 24 collecting sites, during 1979-2011. This data will contribute to the knowledge regarding Most of the collection sites are from Dolj County the distribution of such species in Romania. The (18), followed by: Vâlcea County (2), Mehedinţi present work complements previously published data County (1), Gorj County (1), Ilfov County (1) and regarding non-native/invasive species from the old Suceava County (1). fund of the museum heritage. Collecting sites: Bistreţ (DJ), Bratovoeşti (DJ), Câineni (VL), Cerneţi (MH), Cheile Galbenului Material and methods (GJ), Craiova (DJ), Craiova (Bariera Amaradiei) The material analyzed in this paper is (DJ), Craiova (Grădina Botanică) (DJ), Craiova (Parc) represented by 12 species of insects included in the (DJ), Craiova (Valea Gangului) (DJ), Dăbuleni (DJ), five orders. This material is preserved in the new Fărcaş (DJ), Giurgeni (IL), Leamna (DJ), Melineşti fund of the entomological heritage of the Oltenia (DJ), Murgaşi (DJ), Mischii (DJ), Negoi DJ), Poiana Museum Craiova which has been established Mare (DJ), Racoviţa (VL), Radovan (DJ), Secui (DJ), in the period 1979-2011. The work includes both Suceava (SV), Şimnic (DJ). List of the identified species: ______* The Oltenia Museum Craiova, Popa Şapcă Str., No. 8, 200422 Craiova, Romania; [email protected]

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Dictyoptera Order Examined material – 180 specs.: Suceava Blattidae Family 4.X.1979. Blatta orientalis Linnaeus 1758, Origin: South America. In Romania it was Previous reports from the patrimony: (1) - mentioned for the first time by 1887 (8). Bibeşti (1977, 1978), Bistreţ (1969), Craiova (1958, In Romania, it was introduced with stored food 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1971, 1975, 1979), Jiana products and it is dispersed in the whole country; (1957). alien invasive storage pest (10). Examined material – 1 spec.: Negoi 03.VIII.1998. Scarabaeoidea Suprafamily Origin: Tropical regions (10). The species has Melolonthidae Family been living in Europe for several hundred years (9). Anoxia (Protanoxia) orientalis (KRYNICKY 1832) Previous reports from the patrimony: (1) - Coleoptera Order Balş (1997), Breasta (1984), Bucovăţ (1998, 1999), This order is represented in Romania by Craiova (1996, 1998), Filiaşi (1992), Negoi (1990, aproximatly 6.500-7000 species, of which 2% are 1992, 1999), Straja (09.08.1990), (3) - Negoi (1981, alien species (9). Over 50% of alien beetles are 1999), Poiana Mare (1998). related to the storage of food and wood. Examined material – 21 specs.: Craiova 2 Chrysomeloidea Suprafamily specs. 12.V.2000; 1 spec. 27.VI.2006; 3 specs. Chrysomelidae Family 20.VI.2010; 1 specs. 27.VII.2010; Negoi 3 specs. Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say 1824) 10.VI.1990; 2 specs. 27.VI.2009; Secui 1 spec. Previous reports from the patrimony: (11) - 13.VI.2009; 3 specs. 26.VI.2009; 1spec. 28.VI.2009; Amărăştii de Jos (1969), Baia de Fier (1966), Bârza 1 spec. 17.VII.2010; 3 specs. 06.VI.2011. (1967), Bistreţ (1968, 1969), Budieni (1961), The species has been mentioned in Oltenia by Căpreni (1967), Craiova (1964, 1969, 1975), Marcu since 1928 (7). Craiova (Obedeanu) (1974), Fărcaşu (1971), Origin: Middle Asia. Europe this species Leamna (1967), Melineşti (1967), Preajba (1973), entered in 1890, and in Romania, in 1955; alien Poiana (1960), Târgu Jiu (1964). vineyard pests (10). Examined material – 134 specs.: Bistreţ 2 specs. 01.VI.1982 C.C.; Bratovoeşti 2 specs. Rutelidae Family 16.VII.2009; Craiova 1 spec. 04.V.1996; Craiova Blitopertha lineata (Fabricius 1798) syn. (Parc) 1 spec. 20.V.1982; Craiova (Valea Gangului) Phyllopertha lineata Fabricius 1798 2 specs. 08.VII.1991; Dăbuleni 8 specs. 19.VI.1981; Previous reports from the patrimony: (1) - Melineşti 1 spec. 25.V.2008; Negoi 1 spec. Cerneţi (1985), Craiova (1982), Gura Văii (1983, 01.V.2004; Poiana Mare 5 specs. 1980; Racoviţa 1 1985), Valea Oglănicului (1982). spec. VI.1990; Secui 5 specs. 15.VI.2006; 1 spec. Examined material – 3 specs.: Cerneţi 1 23.VII.2007; 1 spec. 10.V.2009; 1 spec. 07.VI.2009; spec. 25.V.2000; Craiova 1 spec. 26.V.1982; Şimnic 10 specs. 27.VI.2009; 11 specs. 16.VII.2009; 1 spec. 1 spec. 30.V.2000. 19.VII.2009; 30 specs. 05.V.2010; 10 specs. Origin: Africa (Tunisia); alien vineyard pests (10). 09.05.2010; 3 specs. 24.VII.2010; 2 specs. 05.VII.2011; 8 specs. 04.VII.2011; 5 specs. Tenebrionoidea Suprafamily 10.VII.2011; 10 specs. 10.VII.2011; 12 specs. Tenebrionidae Family 16.VII.2011. Tribolium castaneum (Herbst 1797) Origin: Central and Northern America, was Examined material – 13 specs.: Suceava signaled for the first time in Europe in 1876 in 4.X.1979. Bremen; In Romania was signaled for the first time Origin: Subtropical regions. In Romania, it in Săpânţa in 1952 (8); alien invazive species crop was introduced with stored food products being an pest (10). important pest of stored grains, in the whole country; Rakosy includes this species in the category invasive species (10). of invasive species, whose presence in Romania Tribolium confusum Jaqcquelin du Val 1868 must be verified (9). Examined material – 219 specs.: Suceava 4.X.1979. Curculionoidea Suprafamily Origin: Africa. In Romania, it was introduced Dryophthoridae Family with stored food products being an important pest of Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus 1763) stored grains, in the whole country; invasive species (10).

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Hemiptera Order Acrididae Family Cicadomorpha Suborder Pezotettix giornae (Rossi 1794) Membracidae Family Previous reports from the patrimony: (11) Stictocephala bisonia Kopp & Yonke 1977 - Pisculeţ (1998); (5) - Bucovăţ (1975), Craiova syn. Ceresa bubalus (Fabricius, 1794) (1966); Craiova (Parc) (1967). Previous reports from the patrimony: (5) - Examined material - 3 specs.: Craiova Craiova (1970, 1972–1975), Malu Mare (1975); 20.VII.1981. Melineşti (1974), Prunet (1974); Secui (1975). Origin: Mediterranean species; alien species (6). Examined material – 20 specs.: Craiova Gryllidae Family (Bariera Amaradiei) 16 specs. 23.IV.1983; Cheile Oecanthus pellucens (Scopoli 1763) Galbenului 1 spec. 20.VIII.1993; Fărcaş 1 spec. Previous reports from the patrimony: 20.IX.1982; Giurgeni 1 spec. 15. VIII.1993; Murgaşi Chimişliu, 2011 - Guţu (1967). 1 spec. 10.VII.1981. Examined material - 2 specs.: Secui 1 spec. Origin: North America. In Europe it was 05.VIII. 2009; 1 spec. 31.VII.2011. introduced in 1912, in Hungary. In Romania it is Origin: Mediterranean species; alien species (6). dispersed in all regions. Alien orchard pest (10). Conclusions Heteroptera Suborder The 654 analyzed specimens belong to a Scutelleridae Family number of 12 species included in 4 orders. All Eurygaster integriceps Puton 1881 specimens were collected in 24 collection sites. Previous reports from the patrimony: (5) - Three other species of the order Coleoptera: Amărăştii de Jos 1 spec. (1969); Craiova (1960, 1964, Sitophlus oryzae, Tribolium confusum, T. 1972, 1975, 1978, 1979); Prunet (1979); Secui castaneum, were added to the 9 species previously (1975). identified in the museum heritage (5). Examined material - 8 specs.: Craiova (Parc) The obtained data bring new information 1 spec. 20.V.1982; Craiova (Grădina Botanică) 1 regarding the distribution of the 12 species in 6 spec. 04.V.2004; 1 spec. 04.V.2009; Leamna 1 spec. counties from Romania. 26.VIII.1982; Negoi 1 spec. 09.VII.1981; Because many alien/invasive species have 10.VII.1991; 1 spec. 07.VI.1992; 1 spec. Şimnic adapted very well and became common species, they 05.V.2003. were introduced only sporadically in the museum Origin: Central Asia; alien invazive species collections. Therefore I consider it is necessary that crop pest (10). specimens of common species should also be included in the museum collections. Orthoptera Order Acrididae Family Rezumat Calliptamus italicus (Linnaeus 1758) Lucrarea îşi propune să continue publicarea Previous reports from the patrimony: (11) - datelor ştiinţifice deţinute de speciile Poiana Mare (1981), Negoi (1994, 1996), Mischii străine/invazive din patrimoniul muzeului în vederea (1996), (5) - Căpreni (1964), Craiova (1966, 1979), cunoaşterii distribuţiei acestora în România. Craiova (Obedeanu) (1973), Prunet (1975). Materialul analizat în această lucrare îl constituie Examined material - 50 specs.: Câineni 1 insectele din fondul nou al Muzeului Olteniei spec. 18.07.2003; Leamna 2 specs. 02.VII.2003; Craiova (constituit intre anii 1979-2011). Au fost Negoi 1 spec. 10.VIII.1994; Mischii 1 spec. identificate 12 specii străine / invazive, colectate în 18.VI.1996; 3 specs. 25.VI.1996; Radovan 42 specs. 24 de situri de colectare, din 6 judeţe ale României. 16.VII.2003. La cele 9 specii identificate anterior (5) din Origin: Central Asia; alien invazive species patrimoniul muzeului (Blatta orientalis, crop pest (10). Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Anoxia (Protanoxia) Other species with tendencies to expand their orientalis, Blitopertha lineata, Stictocephala presence in Romania are the mediterranean species bisonia, Eurygaster integriceps, Calliptamus Pezotettix giornae, Oecanthus pellucens. Both italicus, Pezotettix giornae, Oecanthus pellucens), s- species are present in the museum heritage. au adaugat 3 specii de coleoptere: Sitophilus oryzae, Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum.

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro References the foundation of Institute of Zoology of AŞM, 1. CHIMIŞLIU CORNELIA, 2000 - Specii Chişinău, October 3-14, 2011: 94-96. din subfamilia Melolonthinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: 6. IUŞAN C., 2009 - Specii invazive de Scarabaeidae) cunoscute în coleopterofauna ortoptere din România, Neobiota din România, Eds. Olteniei, Oltenia. Studii şi comunicări. Ştiinţele Rakosy L., Momeu Laura, Presa Universitară Naturii, Muzeul Olteniei Craiova, 16: 141-146. Clujeană, Cluj Napoca: 127. 2. CHIMIŞLIU CORNELIA, 2000a - Specii 7. MARCU O., 1928 - Contribuţii la din subfamilia Rutelinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: cunoaşterea coleopterelor Olteniei, Arhivele Scarabaeidae) identificate în coleopterofauna Olteniei, VII. sept.-dec. nr. 39-40: 473-487. Olteniei, Analele Universităţii din Craiova, 5(41): 8. TEODOR L. A., PERJU T., 2009 - Seed- 30-35. beetles and snout-beetles species (Coleoptera: 3. CHMIŞLIU CORNELIA, 2004 - Bruchinae; Rhynchophorinae) as neobiota in Consideraţii asupra faunei scarabeoidee din zona Romania, Neobiota din România, Eds. Rakosy L., Calafat-Bistreţ, judeţul Dolj, Drobeta. Seria Ştiinţele Momeu Laura, Presa Universitară Clujeană, Cluj Naturii, Muzeul Regiunii Porţilor de Fier, Drobeta Napoca: 163-165. Turnu Severin, 14: 148-159. 9. RAKOSY L., 2009 - Insecte invazive, a 4. CHIMIŞLIU CORNELIA, 2004a - căror prezenţă în România trebuie verificată, Cercetări taxonomice şi ecologice asupra familiei Neobiota din România, Eds. Rakosy L., Momeu Scarabaeidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) în Oltenia, Laura, Presa Universitară Clujeană, Cluj Napoca: Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agronomice şi Medicină 124-126. Veterinară, Bucureşti. Teză de doctorat (manuscris), 10. TEODORESCU IRINA, MANOLE T., p 312. IAMANDEI MARIA, 2006 - The maina 5. CHIMIŞLIU CORNELIA, 2011 - Data alien/invasive insects species in Romania, Romanian regarding the alien/invasive species of insects Journal of Biology. Zoology, Edit. Academiei preserved in the heritage of the Oltenia Museum Române, Bucharest. 51(1-2): 43-61. Craiova (I), In: Actual problems of protection and 11. TOGĂNEL FLORENTINA & CHIMIŞLIU sustainable use of the animal world diversity and CORNELIA, 2005 - Ortoptere (Insecta: Orthoptera) ecological networks – introduction to experience din colecţia entomologică a Secţiei de Ştiinţele and approaches, International Conference of Naturii a Muzeului Olteniei Craiova, Oltenia. Studii Zoologists dedicated to the 50th anniversary from şi comunicări. Ştiinţele Naturii, Muzeul Olteniei Craiova, 21: 67-72.

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STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI 2011 Vol. 24: 44 – 49

FAUNISTIC DATA ON ORTHOPTERA INSECTS FROM THE SCIENTIFIC RESERVATION „LOWER PRUT” FROM THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

STAHI NADEJDA1, DERJANSCHI VALERIU2

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of the researches on the Orthoptera fauna of scientific reservation „Lower Prut” from the Republic of Moldova, carried out between June-September 2008. In the geographical aspect, the scientific reservation „Lower Prut” belongs to Lower Prut Region, which has coordinates: 45°42'N 28°11'E. This site is situated between Cahul town and Giurguileshti village in the lower part of the Prut River valley, within the administrative region of Cahul district, in the south-western part of the Republic of Moldova. In the paper shows a list of 48 species of Orthoptera (which consist 42.48 % from the whole fauna of the republic) including 30 ones of Caelifera and 18 ones of Ensifera, grouped in 13 Orthoptera subfamilies with, life and ecological forms, also their zoogeographical analysis. Seven life forms of long-horned grasshoppers and eight of short-horned grasshoppers ones are discerned. In total we have eleven life-forms of orthoptera insects from scientific reservation “Lower Prut”: chortobiont, gramineous chortobiont, sedge-grain chortobionts, facultative chortobionts, herbivore chortobiont, thamnobiont, openly-living geophilous, under-cover geophilous, fissure-living biont and geobiont.

Keywords: Orthoptera, „Lower Prut” fauna, habitat.

Introduction („Prutul de Jos”) was created on 23 April 1991 for In the Republic of Moldova are known 113 preserve the flora and fauna of the Lake Beleu and species of insects from Orthoptera order (13). From his surroundings territories and floodplains. The area the orthopterological point of view the scientific of reserve is 1691 hectares and Lake Beleu reservation „Lower Prut” was not studded in the constituted about ⅓ of the surface of the reservation past. During 2008-2009 years in this scientific (800 ha), the rest territory is presented by the of reservation was collected 48 species of insects from marsh vegetation (Fig. 2). The depth of the lake Orthoptera order. The recorded species consist 42.48 varies between 0.5 and 4 m (9). % from whole fauna of Orthoptera insects of our The reserve is unique in its own way, not only republic, including 30 ones of Caelifera suborder for the Republic of Moldova but also for Europe. and 18 ones of Ensifera. Being located approximately at latitude 45° north latitude, better said in halfway between the Equator Material and methods and North Pole, these ponds represent an important The description of the studied area. The passage for migratory birds. Also the reservation scientific reservation „Lower Prut” belongs to contains the largest natural reservoir in Republic of Lower Prut Region, which has coordinates: 45°42'N Moldova – Lake Beleu. This lake is unique 28°11'E (Fig. 1). This site is situated between Cahul ecosystem, described as the last natural floodplains town and Giurguileshti village in the lower part of in the lower Danube region. The site supports the the Prut River valley, within the administrative globally vulnerable and endangered mammals, birds, region of Cahul district, in the south-western part of reptiles, amphibians and fish species. From this the Republic of Moldova. reservation are knew: 39 mammals, 203 birds, 5 The scientific reservation „Lower Prut River” reptiles, 9 amphibians, 41 fish species (9) and a lot of insects species. Furthermore, Lake Beleu is a very ______valuable ecosystem, which keeps important aquatic 1. Institutul de Zoologie al A.Ş. Moldovei, Chişinău, Republica plant genetic relics resource, many of which are rare Moldova; [email protected] 2. Institutul de Zoologie al A.Ş. Moldovei, Chişinău, Republica species in our flora: Nymphaea alba, also known as Moldova; [email protected] the European White Water lily (11).

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro The scientific reserve “Lower Prut” has a Method of sampling and evaluation of special value for the stability and balance natural in Orthoptera species. the inferior area of Prut River. This reservation was Orthoptera specimens were obtained by establishment for to maintain viability and improve sweep-sampling and by hand direct on the grasses. the arid climate in the south of the republic. The insects were collected from different location Nevertheless, because of stopping the annual floods, like land flooded, wet and meadows, also, from the the lake is heavily clogged and decreasing in its size steppes vegetation from the Shore of Prut River and form year to other. It is absolutely necessary to Lake Beleu. restore or to make periodic flood dyking current For collecting of the Orthoptera individuals gaps in order to supply natural flood area with water. we had used the sweep net. The samples were At the same time, maintaining and restoring of the collected during calm, warm and sunny weather natural balance of typical ecosystems pools from conditions June and in August 2008. During each river Prut is impossible because the territory of visit we have performed 50 sweeps by 6 times in reserve is so limited. For that reason, it is timely to every studded habitat. At each step a sweep was expand the area of this reserve, including all the made by traversing a horizontal arc of 1800 with a neighbouring ponds of Lower Prut to Cahul. standard canvas net, which had 38 cm in diameter This new reserve is required to be included in (2, 10). Sample collection took place from 10 am to the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, thus, might 6 pm with repose between 11.30 am till 15 pm preserve and maintain the natural beauty and o’clock. The individuals were identified richness of this unique formation. immediately in the field or in the laboratory using identification keys (4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 15, 16, 17). Both system and nomenclature follow the work by Eades & Otte (1), and Grasshoppers, crickets and katydids Orthoptera (3). The zoogeographic elements were established by work of G. Bei-Bienko (15, 16) and I. Iorgu (7). At processing of mathematical and statistical analysis of the entomological material we have applied the works of A. Andreyev (14). The classification of life forms of long- horned and short-horned grasshoppers were carried out on the works of Bei-Bienko G., and Pravdin F (15, 16, 18).

Results and discussions

During our researches, on the scientific Fig. 1 Lower Prut Region reservation „Lower Prut River” were collected 2605 individuals of insects from the order Orthoptera from 48 species which belong to 34 genera and to 15 subfamilies: Conocephalinae – 2 species, Phaneropterinae – 3, Tettigoniinae – 7, Gryllinae – 2, Gryllomorphinae – 1, Nemobiinae – 1, Oecanthinae – 1, Gryllotalpinae – 1, Tridactylinae – 1, Tetriginae – 2, Acridinae – 1, Calliptaminae – 1, Catantopinae – 1, Gomphocerinae – 17 and Oedipodinae 7; seven families: Tettigoniidae, Gryllidae, Gryllotalpidae, Myrmecophilidae, Tridactylidae, Tetrigidae and Acrididae; 5 superfamily: Tettigonoiidae, Grylloidea, Tridactyloidea, Tetrigoidea and Acridoidea (Tab. 1). The majority of orthoptera species collected on the Shore of Prut River and Lake Beleu were revealed next species: Gryllomorpha dalmatina, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Xya variegata, Pteronemobius heydeni, Tetrix bipunctata, T. subulata. The all these Fig. 2 - Scientific reservation “Lower Prut”

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro species have fissure-living biont and herpetobiont In the surrounding vegetation of the Lake life forms and are higrophilous and higro- Beleu, hygrophilous meadows and floodplains the mesophilous. In 12.08.2007, on the Shore of Prut following species are predominant: Conocephalus River in Slobozia-Mare village was observed a fuscus, Ruspolia nitidula, Metrioptera roeselii, female and a male of species Gryllomorpha Metrioptera bicolor, Paracinema tricolor bisignata, dalmatina. This species are known for our republic Mecostethus alliaceus, Omocestus viridulus and just from this reservation (12). Chorthippus parallelus. The collected species from same biotopes are chortobionts and herbivore chortobionts.

Table 1 - The sinecologycal indexes of insects from the order Orthoptera fauna from the scientific reservation „Lower Prut”

№ Species N Dominion Feeding Habitat Zoogeo- ♀/♂ % Class groups Eco- Life- graphy form form

1. Conocephalus fuscus 18/21 1,50 D2 Ph-cr. 1 A HP 2. Ruspolia nitidula 5/11 0,61 D1 Ph-cr. 1 A MA 3. Leptophyes albovittata 22/16 1,46 D2 Ph. 4 F CAM 4. Leptophyes punctatissima 11/7 0,69 D1 Ph. 4 F NE 5. Phaneroptera falcata 18/14 1,23 D2 Ph. 3 F ES 6. Decticus albifrons 11/15 1,00 D1 Ph-cr. 5 H CM 7. Metrioptera bicolor 43/33 2,92 D3 Ph-cr. 4 E ES 8. Metrioptera brachyptera 41/36 2,96 D3 Ph-cr. 3 E ES 9. Platycleis affinis 9/12 0,81 D1 Ph-cr. 5 A CM 10. Platycleis tessellata 7/6 0,50 D1 Ph-cr. 5 A CAP 11. Platycleis veyseli 29/30 2,26 D3 Ph-cr. 4 A HP 12. Tettigonia viridissima 13/15 1,07 D1 Ph-cr. 3 F HP 13. Gryllus campestris 39/32 2,73 D3 Ph-cr. 3 K HP 14. Melanogryllus desertus 51/38 3,42 D3 Ph-cr. 3 K CAM 15. Gryllomorpha dalmatina 1/0 0,04 D1 Ph-cr. 1 K CM 16. Pteronemobius heydenii 2/1 0,12 D1 Ph-cr. 1 J CM 17. Oecanthus pellucens 63/58 4,64 D3 Ph-cr. 5 F CAM 18. Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa 4/7 0,42 D1 Ph-cr. 3 I HP 19. Xya variegata 21/14 1,34 D2 Ph-cr. 1 J CAM 20. Tetrix bipuncatata 11/14 0,96 D1 Ph. 1 J ES 21. Tetrix subulata 21/16 1,42 D2 Ph. 2 J HR 22. Acrida ungarica 53/60 4,34 D3 Ph. 5 C MA 23. Calliptamus italicus 29/32 2,34 D3 Ph. 5 D HP 24. Pezotettix giornae 59/44 3,95 D3 Ph. 4 F CM 25. Chrysochraon dispar 21/15 1,38 D2 Ph. 1 A ES 26. Euthystira bracyptera 25/30 2,11 D3 Ph. 1 A CAP 27. Dociostaurus maroccanus 28/43 2,73 D3 Ph. 5 H CAM 28. Chorthippus albomarginatus 37/52 3,42 D3 Ph. 3 B CNE 29. Chorthippus biguttulus 71/82 5,87 D4 Ph. 4 B CAM 30. Chorthippus brunneus 69/64 5,11 D4 Ph. 4 B HP 31. Chorthippus dorsatus 16/11 1,04 D1 Ph. 3 B ES 32. Chorthippus loratus 11/10 0,84 D1 Ph. 5 B PM 33. Chorthippus parallelus 31/24 2,11 D2 Ph. 4 B EP 34. Chorthippus vagans 14/11 0,96 D1 Ph. 4 B P 35. Euchorthippus pulvinatus 43/41 3,22 D3 Ph. 5 B CAM 36. Gomphocerippus rufus 14/8 0,84 D1 Ph. 4 B ES 37. Omocestus haemorhoidalis 59/58 4,49 D3 Ph. 4 B EP 38. Omocestus rufipes 28/16 1,69 D2 Ph. 5 B HP 39. Omocestus viridulus 44/43 3,34 D3 Ph. 3 B ES 40. Stauroderus scalaris 9/5 0,54 D1 Ph. 3 B ES 41. Stenobothrus lineatus 29/33 2,38 D3 Ph. 4 B ES

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro 42. Acrotylus insubricus 1/2 0,12 D1 Ph. 5 G CM 43. Aiolopus thalassinus 65/46 4,26 D3 Ph. 1 D HP 44. Epacromius coerulipes 1/1 0,08 D1 Ph. 2 D CAM 45. Epacromius tergestinus 1/1 0,08 D1 Ph. 2 D EP 46. Mecostethus alliaceus 31/42 2,80 D2 Ph. 1 A ES 47. Oedipoda caerulescens 35/46 3,11 D3 Ph. 5 G PM 48. Paracinema bisignata 53/71 4,76 D3 Ph. 1 A CM TOTAL INDIVIDUALS 2525 THE INDEX OF DIVERSITY 35,238 with error – 0.022 THE SIMPSON INDEX 0.028 with error – 0 THE SHENON INDEX 1.529 with error – 0.058 THE EQUITABILITY 0.371

Legend. Feeding groups: Ph. – phytophagous, Cr. – carnivorous, Ph-cr. – omnivorous; Eco-forms: 1 – higrophilous, 2 – higro-mesophilous, 3 – mesophilous, 4 – meso-xerophilous, 5 – xerophilous; Life forms: A – chortobiont, B – gramineous chortobiont, C – sedge-chortobionts, D – facultative chortobionts, E – herbivore chortobiont, F – thamnobiont; G – openly-living geophilous; H – under-cover geophilous, I – fissure-living biont J – herpetobionts, K – geobiont. Zoogeography: PAL-Palaearctic: ES-Eurosiberian, HP-Holopalaearctic, EP-Euro-Asiatic-Palaearctic, HR-Holoarctice; MED-Mediterranean: CM Circummediterranean, MA-Mediterranean-African, PM-Ponto-Mediterranean, P-Pontic; Central Asian – CAM-Central Asian - Mediterranean, CAP Central Asian-Pontic; EU: European: CNE- Central-North-European NE- North-European.

In mesophilous and meso-hygrophilous facultative chortobionts and chortobiont openly- biotopes with vegetation along with shrubs the fauna living geophilous. of grasshoppers is more numerous: Leptophyes The result of sinecologycal analysis of insects punctatissima, Phaneroptera falcata, Tettigonia species of the Orthoptera order collected from the viridisima, Pterolepis nitidula, Metrioptera bracyptera, reserve „Lower Prut” were established, that species Oecanthus pellucens, Gryllus campestris, Melanogryllus Ruspolia nitidula, Leptophyes punctatissima, desertus, Tetrix bipuncatata, Pezotettix giornae, Decticus albifrons, Platycleis affinis, P. tessellata, Calliptamus italicus, Stauroderus scalaris, Stenobothrus Tettigonia viridissima, Gryllomorpha dalmatina, lineatus, Omocestus viridulus, Chorthippus Pteronemobius heydenii, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, albomarginatus, Ch. apicarius, Ch. loratus, Ch. Tetrix bipuncatata, Chorthippus dorsatus, Ch. loratus, dorsatus, Ch. parallelus, Ch. dichorus, Ch. Ch. vagans, Gomphocerippus rufus, Stauroderus biguttulus, Ch. brunneus, Ch. vagans, etc. scalaris, Acrotylus insubricus, Epacromius Regarding life-forms of collected Orthoptera coerulipes and E. tergestinus are subrecedentes and species in mesophilous and meso-hygrophilous constituent 10.71 % (279 individuals) from whole biotopes of searched reservation we had observed collected (2605). that prevailed chortobionts type: gramineous Species Conocephalus fuscus, Leptophyes chortobionts, sedge-grain chortobionts, facultative albovittata, Phaneroptera falcata, Xya variegata, chortobionts and herbivore chortobionts, also, Tetrix subulata, Chrysochraon dispar, Chorthippus thamnobionts, fissure-living biont and geobiont. parallelus, Omocestus rufipes and Mecostethus The xerophilous grasslands of the reserves alliaceus are recedente and constituent 14,93% (389 are located on the banks of the river Prut, at the individuals). height between 10 and 20 m about river level. The Species Metrioptera bicolor, M. brachyptera, plants carpet has a small tall. The vegetation of these Platycleis veyseli, Gryllus campestris, Melanogryllus biotopes has a small number of species where desertus, Oecanthus pellucens, Acrida ungarica, prevailed those with a long period of semi-repose. In Calliptamus italicus, Pezotettix giornae, Euthystira such biotopes were collected only 10 species of bracyptera, Dociostaurus maroccanus, Chorthippus insects from the Orthoptera order – Acrida ungarica, albomarginatus, Euchorthippus pulvinatus, Omocestus Dociostaurus maroccanus, Calliptamus italicus, haemorhoidalis, O. viridulus, Stenobothrus lineatus, Chorthippus biguttulus, Ch. brunneus, Euhorthippus Aiolopus thalassinus, Oedipoda caerulescens and pulvinatus, Omocestus haemorrhoidalis, O. minutus, Paracinema tricolor bisignata are subdominants, Stenobothrus nigromaculatus and Oedipoda constituent 63.34 % (1650 individuals). In this coerulescens. The life-form appurtenance of these reservation just 2 species are dominants – species is: Sedge-chortobionts, under-cover geophilous, Chorthippus biguttulus şi Chorthippus brunneus and had constituent 10.98 % (286 individuals).

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro In the zoogeographical aspect 24 species have The index of diversity of orthoptera insects a Palaearctic distribution, by 10 –Mediterranean and from scientific reservation “Lower Prut” has a value Central-Asian and the last – European (Fig 3.). – 35.238 with error – 0.022 %; the Simpson index – From those Palaearctic the most has 0.028 %; the Shenon index – 1.529 with error – 0.058 Eurosiberian distribution (12 species) and the fewest % and the latest one Equitability – 0.371 (Tab. 1). (1 species) – Holopalaearctic; from Mediterranean most have Circummediterranean (7) and the fewest Conclusion (1) – Pontic zoogeographical distribution. 1. During of our searching above fauna of insects From those Central Asian 8 species have from order Orthoptera in scientific reservation Central Asian-Mediterranean and 2 – Central Asian- “Lower Prut” were collected 48 species which Pontic. And the latest 2 species are European belong to 34 genera and 15 subfamilies. elements (Central-North-European and North- 2. Two species are dominants – Chorthippus European) (Fig. 3). biguttulus and Chorthippus brunneus from According to ecological forms 12 species are collected species. xerophilous, by 11 species (23 %) are higrophilous, 3. In the zoogeographical aspect 24 have a mesophilous and meso-xerophilous; and the next 3 Palaearctic distribution, by 10 Mediterranean and are higro-mesophilous (Fig. 4). Central-Asian and the last 2 – European. 4. The Gryllomorpha dalmatina species are knew for our republic just from this reservation. 5. According to ecological forms of Orhoptera insects from “Lower Prut” 12 are xerophilous, by 11 (by 23 %) are higrophilous, mesophilous and meso-xerophilous; and 3 are higro-mesophilous.

Rezumat În articol sunt expuse rezultatele cercetărilor a faunei insectelor din ordinul Orthoptera din rezervaţia ştiinţifică „Prutul de Jos” din Republica Moldova, efectuate în iunie-septembrie 2008. În aspect zoogeografic rezervaţia ştiinţifică „Prutul de Jos” are coordonatele cuprinse între: 45°42'N 28°11'E. Teritoriul dat este situat între oraşul Cahul şi Comuna Giurgiuleşti în partea su-vest a Republicii Moldova. Fig. 3 - The zoogeographical distribution of Lucrarea prezintă o listă a 48 specii de ortoptere Orthoptera species from scientific reservation (42.48% din fauna totala de ortoptere din Republica “Lower Prut”. Moldova), dintre care 30 aparţin subordinului Caelifera şi Legend – at the table 1. 18 Ensifera, grupate în 13 subfamilii cu date privind ecologia şi zoogeografia acestora. Speciile colectate sunt divizate în mai multe forme ecologice: hortobionte, hortobionte graminee, hortobionte ciperacine, hortobionte facultative, hortobionte ierbivore, tamnobionte geofile deschise, geofile ascunse, geobionte şi fisurobionte.

References 1. EADES D., OTTE D. – Orthoptera Species. File online http://osf2.orthoptera.org /14/01/ 2010. 2. GARDINER T., HILL J., CHESMORE D., 2005. – Review of the methods frequently used

to estimate the abundance of Orthoptera in grassland Fig. 4 – The distribution to eco-form of Orthoptera ecosystems. Journal of Insect Conservation 9 p. species from scientific reservation “Lower Prut”. 151–173. Legend – at the table 1. 3. Grasshoppers, crickets and katydids Orthoptera http://www.biolib.cz/en/ taxon/ The dominant in number of species concerning id84/2/01/2010. the life forms of orthoptera species on the 4. HARZ K., 1969. – Die Orthopteren investigated territory are gramineous chortobionts. Europas I. The Hague, p. 749.

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro 5. HARZ K., 1975. – The Orthoptera of (Insecta: Orthoptera, Grylloidea din Republica Europe. Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publ., V. 2. 939 p. Moldova. Buletinul Ştiinţific. Revistă de Etnografie, 6. HELLER, K. and other, 1998. – Check- Ştiinţe ale Naturii şi Muzeologie. 6 (19). Ştiinţe ale list of European Orthoptera. Articulata,. 61 p. Naturii. Chişinău. P. 80-85 7. IORGU I., IORGU E., 2008. – Bush- 13. STAHI N., DERJANSCHI V., 2009. – crickets, crickets and grasshoppers from Moldavia The diversity and ecology of Orthoptera species (Romania). Editura Iaşi: PIM, 294 p. (Insecta, Orthoptera) from the Republic of Moldova. 8. KNECHTEL, W., POPOVICI-BÂZNOŞEANU, Buletin ştiinţific. Revistă de Etnografie, ştiinţele A., 1959. – Fauna Republicii Populare Române. Naturii şi Muzeologie. Chişinău, vol. 10, nr. 23, p. Insecta. Vol. VII, fasc. 4. Orthoptera. Ordinele: 109-121. Saltatoria, Dermaptera, Blattodea, Mantodea. 14. АНДРЕЕВ А., 2002. – Оценка Bucureşti „Editura Academiei Republicii Populare биоразнообразия, мониторинг и экосети. Române”, 163 p. Кишинев, Biotica, 166 с. 9. Lower Prut Lakes-Ramsar Site current 15. БЕЙ-БИЕНКО Г. – Прямокрылые situation and perspectives. http://www.nalas. Orthoptera и кожистокрылые Dermaptera // eu/events/2011-03-10-NEXPO/W4%20-% Животный мир СССР. М.; Л.: Изд-во АН СССР, 20Sterbet.pdf /3/06/2010. 1950. Т. 3. c. 379 – 424. 10. O’NEILL KM., OLSON BE., 16. БЕЙ-БИЕНКО Г., 1952. – ROLSTON MG. WALLANDER R., LARSON DP. Прямокрылые. B: Фауна СССР. Т. 2, вып. 2, М.- SEIBERT CE. 2003. – Effects of livestock grazing Л., АН СССР, 385 с. on rangeland grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) 17. БЕЙ-БИЕНКО Г., 1964. – abundance. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Прямокрылые. B: Определитель насекомых Environment. 97: p. 51–64. европейской части СССР. Т. 1. М–Л., Наука, c. 11. POPUŞOI A. ş. a. 2008. – 60000 ha 205-285. plantări forestiere Moldsilva, perioada 2002-2008. 18. ПРАВДИН Ф. – Экологическая Ştiinţa, 60 p. география насекомых Средней Азии. М.: Наука, 12. STAHI N., 2007. – Contribuţii la 1978. 272 с. cunoaşterea faunei şi ecologiei griloideielor

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro COMPLEXUL MUZEAL DE ŞTIINŢELE NATURII „ION BORCEA” BACĂU

STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI 2011 Vol. 24: 50 – 55

THE FAUNA OF STAFILINIDS (COLEOPTERA, STAPHYLINIDAE) FROM “ZĂBRICENI” OAK FOREST (MIXED WITH ASH AND MAPLE)

IRINA MIHAILOV, VALERIU DERJANSCHI*

ABSTRACT

In the literature it is known importance of the rove-beetles distribution in natural and agricultural ecosystems. It was found that forest complexes in the Republic of Moldova this group of insects involved in rotting vegetation, animals and eat carrion biological stages of insect pests. In the paper is presented the list of stafylinides species collected from the oak forest mixed with ash and maple, „Zăbriceni”. Entomological material shown in this paper was collected during the growing season of 2010. Type traps were used in total of 20 samples Barber. Every ten days to make the control jars. The list of the stafylinides of work includes 25 species, representatives from six subfamilies (Omaliinae, Tachyporinae, Aleocharinae, Oxytelinae, Paederinea, Staphylininae), 16 genera and 131 individuals. The largest is subfamily Staphylininae with numerical 14 species, representatives of 8 genera. The number and specific composition is modest in subfamilies Tachyporinae and Paederinae. The stafylinides species determined were subjected to the mathematical analysis. They calculated the ecological indicators: abundance (A), dominance (D), constancy (C) and index of ecological significance (W). As a result of statistical analysis has determined that the most abundant species is Othius punctulatus (Goeze, 1777) with 24 specimens, the dominance – 18.3% included in the category D5, constancy - 100% (C4), index of ecological significance – 18.3% (W5).

Key words: family, ecological, indexes, landscape, protected area, Barber pitfalls, natural and agricultural ecosystem.

Introduction placed in plots in the Forest circuit of the Edinet In Republic of Moldova, forests are the major district, located on the plateau with a northern and factor to keep the ecological balance; protect the northwestern exhibition and of 25-275 m altitude. land, water and faunal resources; improving national The soil type is gray forest [4]. landscape, as well as regional microclimate and local appearance. Woodland vegetation is Materials and methods represented by specific deciduous Central European The studied material mentioned in the article forests consisted of various tree species: oak, was collected according to the scientific research. It hornbeam, beech, ash, linden, maple, etc. [3]. was used „Barber” ground traps by placing them in a In the north part of the country is located linear form at intervals of 1.5 m. The traps, 109.5 thousand ha or 24.9% out of the total forest represented by jars of 700 ml volume, were filled area. Therefore, most common forest tree types are: with fixative and protective solution (water, table oak forest mixed with pedunculate oak and sweet salt, vinegar) and buried to the ground level. This cherry, oak forest mixed with pedunculate oak and method is effective particularly in collecting birch. epibiont staphylinid species described in the The protected area „Zabriceni” is extended scientific literature [1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8]. over a territory of 555 ha, thus, has been assigned to the protected landscape category and stated in the Results and discussion national legislation i.e. „Law of State Protected In oak forest mixed with ash and maple trees, Natural Areas in the Official Gazette of RM nr.66- ground traps were installed on 22.05.2010. 68 of 16.07.1998, art. No 442”. The floristic According to methodology, in order to be certain to diversity is highlighted by 120 species of vascular capture beetles, traps were arranged in two parallel plants (17 species of trees, 13 species of shrubs, 90 lines (rows) each of 10 jars. The distance between species of herbaceous plants). As a structure it is parallel lines was set to 3 meters and 1.5 meters between jars. First extraction of rove-beetles was ______st * Institute of Zoology of Academy of Science of Moldova, performed on 01.06.2010, 1 decade of June. Chisinau, Academy Street, 1 Favorable weather conditions, particularly for that

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro year, allowed to extend the collection period until In Table 1 is explained the faunal range of late autumn. Thus, the last collection took place on staphylinid species during summer and spring 11.01.2010, 1st decade of November. conditions of 2010.

Table 1 – Faunal range of staphylinid species in oak forest mixed with ash and maple in Zabriceni region, during summer-autumn seasons, 2010

No. Species Summer Autumn Total

Subfamily Omaliinae 1 Anthobium atrocephalum (Gyllenhal, 1827) 1 1 2 2 Hypopycna rufula (Erichson, 1840) 1 - 1 3 Omalium ferrugineum Kraatz, 1857 2 - 2 4 Omalium rivulare (Paykull, 1789) 1 - 1 Subfamily Tachyporinae 1 Mycetoporus nigricollis Stephens, 1835 2 - 2 Subfamily Aleocharinae 1 Aleochara bipustulata (Linnaeus, 1760) - 4 4 2 Aleochara curtula (Goeze, 1777) 9 - 9 3 Liogluta granigera (Kiesenwetter, 1850) 11 - 11 Subfamily Oxytelinae 1 Anotylus insecatus (Gravenhorst, 1806) 1 - 1 2 Anotylus sculpturatus (Gravenhorst, 1806) 21 - 21 Subfamily Paederinae 1 Rugilus rufipes Germar, 1836 1 - 1 Subfamily Staphylininae 1 Othius punctulatus (Goeze, 1777) 23 1 24 2 Gabrius osseticus (Kolenati, 1846) 1 - 1 3 Philonthus concinnus (Gravenhorst, 1802) 1 - 1 4 Philonthus decorus (Gravenhorst, 1802) 2 - 2 5 Philonthus salinus Kiesenwetter, 1844 - 4 4 6 Philonthus succicola C.G.Thomson, 1860 6 - 6 7 Quedius ochripennis (Menetries, 1832) - 2 2 8 Quedius nemoralis Baudi di Selve, 1848 1 - 1 9 Ocypus nitens (Schrank, 1781) 2 - 2 10 Ocypus tenebricosus (Gravenhorst, 1846) 12 - 12 11 Platydracus fulvipes (Scopoli, 1763) 1 - 1 12 Ontholestes haroldi (Eppelsheim, 1884) 11 - 11 13 Ontholestes murinus (Linnaeus, 1758) 6 2 8 14 Xantholinus dvoraki Coiffait, 1956 1 - 1 TOTAL 117 14 131

According to Table 1, the data shows 25 The small quantity of specimens in the autumn show staphylinid species and 131 specimens, altogether limited seasonal activity. Thus, the highest part of six subfamilies (Omaliinae, Tachyporinae, staphylinid activity occurred during the summer Aleocharinae, Oxytelinae, Paederinae, Staphylininae). (June, July and August). It was determined that collected rove-beetles during The species from investigated samples, summer are represented by a faunal range of 117 Anthobium atrocephalum (subfam. Omaliinae), Othius individuals while during autumn - 14 individuals. punctulatus and Ontholestes murinus (subfam.

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Staphylininae), were detected in both summer and environmental analytical indicators assessement = winter seasons. abundance (A), dominance (D), constancy (C) and The data indicated in Table 2 was gathered synthetic index = index of ecological significance by ecological community examination and (W).

Table 2. – Ecological indicators of staphylinid species in oak forest mixed with ash and maple in Zabriceni region

Index of No. Species Abundance Dominance Constance ecological (A) significance % D % C % W Subfamily Omaliinae

1 Anthobium atrocephalum (Gyllenhal, 2 (1♂/1♀) 1.53 D2 10 C1 0.15 W2 1827) 2 Hypopycna rufula (Erichson, 1840) 1 (1♂) 0.76 D1 10 C1 0.08 W1

3 Omalium ferrugineum Kraatz, 1857 2 (2♂♂) 1.53 D2 10 C1 0.15 W2

4 Omalium rivulare (Paykull, 1789) 1 (1♂) 0.76 D1 10 C1 0.08 W1 Subfamily Tachyporinae

1 Mycetoporus nigricollis Stephens, 1835 2 (2♀♀) 1.53 D2 10 C1 0.15 W2 Subfamily Aleocharinae

1 Aleochara bipustulata (Linnaeus, 1760) 4 (4♀♀) 3.05 D3 20 C1 0.61 W2

2 Aleochara curtula (Goeze, 1777) 9 (6♂♂/3♀♀) 6.87 D4 30 C2 2.06 W3

3 Liogluta granigera (Kiesenwetter, 1850) 11 (3♂♂/8♀♀) 8.40 D4 60 C3 5.04 W4 Subfamily Oxytelinae

1 Anotylus insecatus (Gravenhorst, 1806) 1 (1♀) 0.76 D1 10 C1 0.08 W1

2 Anotylus sculpturatus (Gravenhorst, 1806) 21 (8♂♂/13♀♀) 16.0 D5 80 C4 12.8 W5 Subfamily Paederinae

1 Rugilus rufipes Germar, 1836 1 (1♂) 0.76 D1 10 C1 0.08 W1 Subfamily Staphylininae

1 Othius punctulatus (Goeze, 1777) 24 (15♂/9♀♀) 18.3 D5 100 C4 18.3 W5

2 Gabrius osseticus (Kolenati, 1846) 1 (1♂) 0.76 D1 10 C1 0.08 W1

3 Philonthus concinnus (Gravenhorst, 1802) 1 (1♂) 0.76 D1 10 C1 0.08 W1

4 Philonthus decorus (Gravenhorst, 1802) 2 (1♂/1♀) 1.53 D2 10 C1 0.15 W2

5 Philonthus salinus Kiesenwetter, 1844 4 (3♂♂/1♀) 3.05 D3 20 C1 0.61 W2

6 Philonthus succicola C.G.Thomson, 1860 6 (4♂♂/2♀♀) 4.58 D3 20 C1 0.92 W2

7 Quedius ochripennis (Menetries, 1832) 2 (2♂♂) 1.53 D2 10 C1 0.15 W2

8 Quedius nemoralis Baudi di Selve, 1848 1 (1♀) 0.76 D1 10 C1 0.08 W1

9 Ocypus nitens (Schrank, 1781) 2 (1♂/1♀) 1.53 D2 10 C1 0.15 W2

10 Ocypus tenebricosus (Gravenhorst, 1846) 12 (8♂♂/4♀♀) 9.16 D4 50 C2 4.58 W3

11 Platydracus fulvipes (Scopoli, 1763) 1 (1♂) 0.76 D1 10 C1 0.08 W1

12 Ontholestes haroldi (Eppelsheim, 1884) 11 (2♂♂/9♀♀) 8.40 D4 50 C2 4.20 W3

13 Ontholestes murinus (Linnaeus, 1758) 8 (3♂♂/5♀♀) 6.11 D4 40 C2 2.44 W3

14 Xantholinus dvoraki Coiffait, 1956 1 (1♀) 0.76 D1 10 C1 0.08 W1

IS =0.09 ISh=1.16 (eroarea 0.05) ε=0.34

According to data analysis of the above table, highlighted in subfamily Omaliinae – Anthobium the following particularities are established in oak atrocephalum and Omalium ferrugineum – with an forest mixed with ash and maple. Two species are abundance (A) of two specimens. In accordance

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro with such abundance, rove-beetles are considered in the D4 class. As a result of the consistency index rare species in the examined area. Depending on the value of 50%, Ontholestes haroldi is assigned to percentage value of the dominance (1.53%), both accessory species group (C2). The dominance index Omaliinae species are assigned to class D2 is characterized by 4.20% being positioned in W3 expressing the form of the previous species. category - accompanying species. Adaptation to biotope conditions and forming The staphylinid Ocypus tenebricosus has a biocenosis structure; the continuity (constancy) of value of 9.16%, as well as Ontholestes haroldi occurrence of the listed species, according to species, and is included in D4 class. According to essential calculations, was estimated by 10% with a constancy rate of 50% the species is appropriate to distribution in class C1 which includes accidental C2 class and by the value of the dominant index of species. The relationship value of ecological 4.58 is determined to W3 class. significance is calculated by estimating the The Othius punctulatus G. species, the largest relationship of the constancy and dominance indices; number of specimens (24), has appertained the value the position of the species is included in W2 category of 18.3% included in eudominant staphylinid class with the percentage value of 0.15%, thus, gaining (D5), thus, the constancy index reached 100% with the status of accessory (accompanying) species. inclusion in euconstant species class (C4) and The Liogluta granigera species, Aleocharinae ecological significance index (18.3%) is attributed to subfamily, compared to species listed under the W5 class. analyzed indices presents 11 specimens which is the Studying trophic features of identified biggest abundence among identified aleocharinae staphylinids by adult stage it is defined by beetles. Thus, index value of the dominance was classification into the following groups: saprophagy, evened to 8.40%. According to the classification mycetophagy, coprophagy, zoophagy or predators gradation and appertained percentage value of the (fig.1.). dominance, the aleocharinae species belongs to The staphylinid included in saprophagous category D4 ranked as dominant species. Calculation group are representatives of subfam. Omaliinae - of the constancy value determines 60% increase and Omalium ferrugineum; subfam. Staphylininae - inclusion in C3 class as a constant species. The Quedius ochripennis. The percentage representation ecological significance index reflects the position of of this group includes 8%. this species in last category (W4), because showing Among mycetophagy, it is included only one the value of 5.04 % was within the list of specific species the representative of the subfamily species of the investigated biocoenosis. Tachyporinae - Mycetoporus nigricollis is set the Anotylus sculpturatus in comparison with value of 4%. Anotylus insecatus is represented by an abundance Among coprophagy, which are determined as of 21 specimens. Following the percentage of the mycetophagy by the same value of 4%, it is dominance of 16% it is classified in group of the mentioned the species of subfam. Staphylininae - eudominant species (D5). The index value of the Philonthus concinnus. constancy presented as 80%, with inclusion in class The largest group of which the percentage C4, is selected as euconstant species. The ecological value reflects 89% is represented by zoophagy or significance index value of 12.8% is an ascendant predators. The typical species of this trophic estimation, compared with species from above- classification are representatives of subfam. mentioned families, and typical to W5 class. Omaliinae - Anthobium atrocephalum, Hypopycna As subfamily Staphylininae is considered the rufula, Omalium rivulare; subfam. Aleocharinae - most numerous; 14 species are analyzed. Along with Aleochara bipustulata, Aleochara curtula, Liogluta the maximum abundance, the species are elucidated in granigera; subfam. Oxytelinae - Anotylus insecatus, ascending order: Ontholestes haroldi - 11 specimens, Anotylus sculpturatus; subfam. Paederinae - Rugilus Ocypus tenebricosus - 12 specimens and Othius rufipes; subfam. Staphylininae - Othius punctulatus, punctulatus - 24 specimens. According to the studied Gabrius osseticus, Philonthus decorus, Philonthus indices (dominance index, consistency index and salinus, Philonthus succicola, Quedius nemoralis, ecological significance) the following values are set: Ocypus nitens, Ocypus tenebricosus, Platydracus Accordingly for Ontholestes haroldi species fulvipes, Ontholestes haroldi, Ontholestes murinus, the dominance index reached 8.40% with inclusion Xantholinus dvoraki.

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4% 4% 8% Predators Saprophagous Micetophagous Coprophagous

84%

Fig.1. Percentage representation of the trophic groups of grove-beetles from „Zabriceni” protected area.

In spring season, the minimum temperature reached maximum growth rates. In April the avg. t0 with low values was recorded in the first and second was 10.30C and max. t0 was 19.40 C. In May - avg. t0 decade of March. The average air temperature was was 16.20C; max. T0 was 25.80 C. The precipitations (3.00 C), maximum temperature (17.00 C). In April fell (22 mm) throughout the spring season, which has and may average and maximum air temperature been abundant in the third decade of May (fig. 2 and 3).

40 45 40 30 35 20 30 25 10 20 15 0 10

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII (mm) Precipitation Temperature (0C) Temperature -10 5 0 -20 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Lunile Months

T.avg T.max T.min Precipitation night Precipitation day

Fig. 2. Weather in the North, Fig. 3. Weather in the North, rainfall the 0 0 0 t .avg., t .max., t .min (2010) night/day (2010)

The summer of 2010 was characterized by abundancy, Staphylininae subfamily has more hot days and spontaneous precipitation. The numerous species and specimens, including 14 warmest summer day was on 19th of July with species the representatives of 8 genera. maximum temperature of 32.50 C. In terms of An evident and sharp hierarchy of the precipitation falling the most rainy months of analyzed ecological indices was noticed of summer was june (28.8 mm - nighttime, 38.9 mm - Staphylininae subfamily species. According to the daytime) and july where the volume of precipitation value of abundance, those three species mentioned fallen during daytime was 32.2 mm and nighttime are included in abundant species category. The 38.0 mm. dominance index distinguishes the listed species as The autumn was long and warm. In dominant and eudominant species. September avg. t0 was recorded by a value of 13.80 According to constancy index Ontholestes 0 0 0 0 C, max. t – 26.1 C, min. t - 7.1 C. In october haroldi and Ocypus tenebricosus are included in C2 0 0 0 0 avg. t decreased to 5.8 C, max. t to 14.4 C and class - accessory species and Othius punctulatus to C4 min. t0 was recorded with a value of -2.20 C. In class - euconstant species. November avg. t0 was 8.20 C, max. t0 – 17.20 C and Through the index of ecological significance min. t0 was -0.40 C. The first snowflakes were is shown that the majority of 25 species analyzed are recorded in the second decade of November (the accessories (accompanying) for investigated period of 17 to 20 November). biocoenosis. According to the trophic preferences the Conclusions identified rove-beetles in Zabriceni forest are Staphylinid fauna of oak forest mixed with classified into 4 groups: saprophagy (8%), ash and maple in Zabriceni area, lists 25 species of coprophagy (4 %), mycetophagy (4%) and predators 16 genera and 6 subfamilies. In terms of (89%).

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Rezumat constanţa – 100% (C4), indicele de semnificaţie În literatura de specialitate este cunoscută ecologică -18,3% (W5). importanţa distribuţiei stafilinidelor în ecosistemele naturale şi agricole. S-a constatat că în complexele References forestiere din Republica Moldova acest grup de 1. LAMOTTE M., GILLON Y., RICOU G., insecte participă la descompunerea resturilor 1996 - L'echantillonnage quantitatif des peuplements vegetale, hoiturilor de animale şi consumă stadiile d'invertebres en milieux herbaces. In : Problemes biologice ale unor insecte dăunătoare. În lucrare d'ecologie: l'echantillonnage des peuplements este prezentată lista speciilor de stafilinide colectată animaux des milieux terrestres. Masson, P. 7-54. din pădurea de stejar combinată cu frasin şi arţar 2. MOHAN GH., ARDELEAN A., 1993 - “Zăbriceni”. Materialul entomologic indicat în Ecologie şi protecţia mediului. Bucureşti, “Scaiul”, P. această lucrare a fost colectat în perioada de 243-249. vegetaţie al anului 2010. S-au utilizat capcanele de 3. POSTOLACHE GH., 1995 - Vegetaţia tip Barber în număr de 20 probe. O dată la zece zile Republicii Moldova. Chişinău, „Ştiinţa”, 340 p. se efectua controlul borcanelor. Lista stafilinidelor 4. POSTOLACHE GH., LAZU Ş., MIRON A. din lucrare include 25 specii, reprezentanţi din 6 COVALI V., 2007 - Aria protejată „Zăbriceni”. În: subfamilii (Omaliinae, Tachyporinae, Aleocharinae, Mediul Ambiant. nr. 4 (34). P. 29-33. Oxytelinae, Paederinea, Staphylininae), 16 genuri şi 5. KUDRIN А., 1966 - Izuchenie 131 indivizi. Cea mai numeroasă este subfamilia soobshchestv obitatelei poverkhnosti pochvy s Staphylininae cu numericul de 14 specii, pomoshch'yu zemlyanykh lovushek. Avtoref. Diss. reprezentanţi din 8 genuri. Componenţa numerică şi Kand. Biol. Nauk. Leningrad, 21 s. specifică este modestă la subfamiliile Tachyporinae 6. KUDRIN А., 1971 - Ob usovershenstvovanii şi Paederinae. Speciile de stafilinide determinate au uchyotov chislennosti sposobom lovushek. In: fost supuse analizei matematice. S-a calculat indicii Zoologicheskiy zhurnal. 50 (9), S. 1388-1399. ecologici: abundenţa (A), dominanţa (D), constanţa 7. KRYZHANOVSKIY O., 1983 - Fauna (C) şi indicele de semnificaţie ecologică (W). În SSSR. Zhestkokrylye. Т. I. Leningrad, „Nauka”, 340 s. rezultatul analizei statisticii s-a determinat că cea 8. TIKHOMIROVA A. L., 1975- Uchyot mai abundentă specie este Othius punctulatus napochvennykh bespoyvonochnykh. In: Metody (Goeze, 1777) cu 24 (15♂/9♀) specimeni, pochvenno-zoologicheskikh issledovaniy. Moskva, S. dominanţa – 18,3% inclusă în categoria D5, 23-33.

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro COMPLEXUL MUZEAL DE ŞTIINŢELE NATURII „ION BORCEA” BACĂU

STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI 2011 Vol. 24: 56 – 60

THE COMPLEX OF PARASITOID SWHICH ACT IN APHIS CRACCIVORA (KOCH) COLONIES (HOMOPTERA, APIDIDAE) ON SOME PLANT FROM THE RESERVE OF DUNE FROM AGIGEA

GHEORGHE MUSTAŢĂ, MARIANA MUSTAŢĂ*

ABSTRACT

During 2005-2007 we investigated the complex of parasitoids controlling Aphis craccivora (Koch) populations installed on some plants (Medicago sativa L., Onobrychis sativa Lam. and Vicia cracca L.) from the Reserve of Dune from Agigea; most of plants are in buffer area. There were identified 18 parasitoid species which are included in 10 genera and 4 families. To elucidate all trophic relationships among parasitoid species we have designed a trophic network very relevant in this concern. To appreciate the role of each species within this biocoenotic complex in limiting the Aphis craccivora populations; we realized a synecological analyses where we investigated a few indexes (abundance, constancy, dominance and the ecological significance index).

Keywords: parasitoids, hyperparasitoids, aphids, trophic relationships.

Introduction the family Aphidiidae. These were studied under Colonies of aphids are constantly accompanied laboratory conditions to obtain the species of by complexes of entomophages that limit their parasitoids. After the identification of species we populations. We have investigated the complex of have realized a trophic network to elucidate the parasitoid insects acting in the colonies of this trophic relationships among the species of this aphid on different hostplants. It is about a complex complex. of parasitoids because in our research we identified To be able to show the role of each species species with different degrees of parasitoism within the biocoenotic complex we have realized a (primary, secondary, tertiary and even quaternary). synecological analysis in which we have indicated: To understand the trophic relationships abundance, constancy, dominance and the ecological among species we have established atrophic significance index. network, notable in this respect. The material studied was selected from Results and discussions inside the Reserve of Dunes from Agigea. Of the 611 mummies collected from the colonies of Aphis craccivora, 592 adults hatched Material and working methods belonging to 18 parasitoid species, classified in 10 In the Reserve of Dunes from Agigea we genera, belonging to four families, namely: have reported the attack of the species Aphis I. Family Aphidiidae: 1. Ephedrus persicae Froggatt; 2. craccivora ( Koch ) on plants of Medicagosativa E. plagiarist (Nees); 3. Lipolexis gracilis Förster; 4. L., Onobrychis sativa Lam. And Vicia cracca L. Lysiphlebus ambiguus (Haliday); 5. L. fabarum In the 2006-2007 period, we collected a (Marshall); 6. L. fritzmülleri Mackauer; 7.Praon total number of 611mummies produced by a abjectum Haliday; 8. P. volucre (Haliday); 9. Trioxys number of nine species of primary parasitoids of acalephae (Marshall); 10. T. angelicae (Haliday); II. Family Charipidae: 11. Charips dolichocerus ______(Cam.); 12. Ch. leunisii (Hartig.); 13. Ch. Perpussilus * Universitatea „Al. I. Cuza”, Facultatea de Biologie, B-dul (Kieff); 14. Alloxysta campilla Kieff, 15; Al. Carol I, nr. 20 A, cod. 700506, Iaşi. semiclausa Kieff.;

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro III. Family Encyrtidae: 16. Syrphophagus aphidivorus Rezumat (Mayr); În lucrarea de faţă prezentăm complexul de IV. Family Pteromalidae: 17. Asaphes suspensus parazitoizi care acţionează în coloniile de Aphis Wolk.; 18. Pachyneuron aphidis (Bché). craccivora (Koch), care atacă speciile de plante: To elucidate the trophic relationships Medicago sativa L., Onobrychis sativa Lem., Vicia among the species of parasitoid insects we have cracca L., din Rezervaţia de Dune de la Agigea. Au realized a trophic network specific for such fost identificare 18 specii de parazitoizi care parasitoid biocoenoses (Fig.1). In Table 1 we have controlează populaţiile acestui complex. Relaţiile recorded the presence of the parasitoid species in trofice dintre aceste specii sunt deosebit de complexe the investigated colonies of Aphis craccivora. deoarece prezintă grade de parazitism diferite The investigated entomological material was (parazitoizi primari, secundari, terţiari şi chiar ordered depending on the attacked host plants. In cuaternari). Pentru elucidarea acestor relaţii am Table 2, we present the synecological analysis of urmărit o reţea trofică edificatoare în acest sens. the parasitoid species to understand the role of each Pentru a înţelege rolul fiecărei specii în acest species within this biocoentic complex in limiting complex biocenotic în limitarea populaţiilor de A. the populations of A .craccivora. We can easily craccivora am efectuat o analiză sinecologică în care deduce that the most important species are: am urmărit: abundenţa, constanţa, dominanţa şi Syrphophagus aphidivorus, Pachyneuron aphidis, indicele de semnificaţie ecologică. Lysiphlebus fabarum. The fact that the first two species, S. References aphidivorus and P. aphidis act as hyperparasitoids, 1. EVENHUIS, H.H, 1972 - Ent. Ber.Amst., then following some species of aphidiidae, allows 32, 210 – 236 us to deduce that this biocoenosis of parasitoid type 2. EVENHUIS, H.H, 1966 - Insects, Acad. is not an amount of species related accidentally Praha, 39 – 40 to the colonies of A. craccivora, but a functional 3. MACKAUER, M., STARÝ, P., 1967 - whole in which each species depends on its Hym. Ichneumonoidea, world Aphidiidae, Le existence of other species, forming together a well François Paris integrated ecological level of organization, which 4. MUSTAŢĂ, GHEORGHE, MUSTAŢĂ, functions as a unitary whole. MARIANA, 2001 - The role of the parasitoid biocoenosis in keeping the equilibrium of nature, „Al. Conclusions I. Cuza” Univ. Publishing House, Iassy. In this paper, we present the complex of 5. MUSTAŢĂ, GHEORGHE, MUSTAŢĂ, parasitoids acting in the colonies of Aphis MARIANA, MANIU, CĂLIN, 2000 – Afide craccivora (Koch), which attack the species of dăunătoare şi complexul de parazitoizi care le plants: Medicago sativa L., Onobrychis sativa limitează populaţiile. Rolul biocenozelor parazitoide Lem., Vicia cracca L. in the Reserve of Dunes în păstrarea echilibrului natural, Ed. Carson, Iaşi. from Agigea. 6.MUSTAŢĂ, GH., 1986 - An. St. ale Univ. There were identified 18 species of „Al. I Cuza” Iaşi XXXII, s. II a, Biol. 74– 75 parasitoids controlling the populations of this 7. STARÝ, P., 1970 - Biology of Aphid complex. The trophic relationships among these Parasites with respect to integrated control, Dr. W. species are particularly complex because they have Junk N.V – The Hague different degrees of parasitism (primary, secondary, 8. STARÝ, P., 1965 – Acta Faunistica tertiary and even quaternary parasitoids).To Entomologica, Musei Nationalis Pragae, Vol. 10, elucidate these relationships we have performed No. 96 atrophic network, notable in this respect. To 9. STARÝ, P., 1960 – Acta Societatis understand the role of each species in this Entomologicae Cechosloveniae, Tom. 57 – 1960, No. 3 biocoenotic complex in limiting the populations of 10. STELFOX, A.W., 1941 - Proceedings of A. craccivora we have did a synecological analysis the Royal Irish Academy, volume XLVI, Section B, in which we have marked: abundance, constancy, No. 10, Dublin: Hodges, Figgis& Co. dominance and the ecological significance index.

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Table 1. The complex of parasitoids in the colonies of Aphis craccivora

Species Primary parasitoids Secondary parasitoids

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Praon Praon aphidis aphidis leunisii volucre Trioxys Trioxys gracilis Charips Charips Charips Charips Asaphes Asaphes fabarum persicae campilla abjectum abjectum Lipolexis plagiator Alloxysta Alloxysta Ephedrus Ephedrus Ephedrus angelicae angelicae ambiguus ambiguus suspensus acalephae acalephae semiclausa fritzm perpussilus perpussilus Lysiphlebus Lysiphlebus Lysiphlebus aphidivorus aphidivorus dolichocerus dolichocerus Pachyneuron Syrphophagus Medicago sativa 26.05.2006 11 1 5 1 3 3 2 11 5 42 30.05.2006 1 5 1 3 7 1 - 1 1 3 9 2 8 42 04.06.2007 14 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 2 38 18.06.2007 1 3 - 1 3 1 1 6 11 27 Total 2 33 1 4 2 14 1 1 3 7 2 5 7 38 4 26 149 58 Onobrychis sativa

/ 26.05.2006 2 6 9 5 - 5 1 3 31 https://biblioteca-digitala.ro 30.05.2006 3 - 1 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 2 11 1 1 33 04.06.2006 5 2 5 6 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 30 18.06.2007 2 2 2 2 - - 1 4 3 - 16 Total 5 13 3 6 1 19 13 - 3 2 3 2 3 24 5 7 110 Vicia cracca 26.05.2006 1 9 - 2 6 10 3 2 2 1 2 2 21 3 9 76 30.05.2006 5 2 1 3 7 5 - 1 4 2 1 2 1 15 6 11 64 04.06.2006 1 5 3 1 9 5 1 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 8 4 46 18.06.2007 2 1 - 2 2 8 - 1 1 5 1 1 1 9 2 14 47 Total 2 21 6 4 20 24 17 3 2 4 9 9 3 10 3 53 11 38 233 Total 2 28 6 70 24 34 20 36 6 5 15 18 13 17 13 115 20 71 592 % 0,33 4,72 1,01 11,82 4,05 5,74 3,37 6,08 1,01 0,84 2,53 3,04 1,52 2,87 2,19 19,42 3,37 11,99 100

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro Table 2 – The synecological analysis of parasitoids species from Aphis craccivora Koch. colonies

Nr. Species Abundance Constancy Dominance Ecological significance crt. index 1. Syrphophagus aphidivorus 115 19,42 D5 100 C4 19,42 W5 2. Pachyneuron aphidis 71 11,99 D5 91 C4 10,91 W5 3. Lysiphlebus fabarum 70 11,82 D5 83 C4 9,81 W5 4. Lipolexis gracilis 36 6,08 D5 75 C3 4,56 W4 5. Praon abjectum 34 5,74 D5 75 C3 4,30 W3 6. Ephedrus plagiator 28 4,72 D4 58 C3 2,73 W3 7. Lysiphlebus fritzműlleri 24 4,00 D3 58 C3 2,32 W3 59 8. Praon volucre 20 3,37 D3 58 C3 1,95 W3 9. Asaphes suspensus 20 3,37 D3 66 C3 2,22 W3

/ 10. Charips leunisii 18 3,04 D3 66 C3 2,01 W3 https://biblioteca-digitala.ro 11. Alloxysta campilla 17 2,87 D3 75 C3 2,15 W3 12. Charips dolichocerus 15 2,53 D3 75 C3 1,89 W3 13. Alloxysta semiclausa 13 2,19 D3 75 C3 1,64 W3 14. Charips perpussilus 9 1,52 D3 50 C2 0,76 W2 15. Lysiphlebus ambiguous 6 1,01 D3 25 C1 0,25 W2 16. Trioxys acalephae 6 1,01 D3 50 C2 0,50 W2 17. Trioxys angelicae 5 0,84 D2 33 C2 0,28 W2 18. Ephedrus persicae 2 0,33 D2 16 C1 0,05 W1

59 http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro 60 / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro

Fig. 1 – Characteristic trophic network of Aphis craccivora colonies

60 COMPLEXUL MUZEAL DE ŞTIINŢELE NATURII „ION BORCEA” BACĂU

STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI 2011 Vol. 24: 61 – 68

NEW RECORDS OF MEGACHILID BEES (HYMENOPTERA: APIFORMES: MEGACHILIDAE) FROM ROMANIA

BOGDAN TOMOZII* VICTOR CĂTĂLIN TOMA**

ABSTRACT

Distribution records for 60 species of family Megachilidae from Romania are listed. Twenty one species are new records for Moldavia region.

Key words: new records, Megachilidae, Romania

Introduction Material: Bacău, 10.07.2008, 1♀; Agigea, The species of Megachilidae family were 26.07.2001, 1♀, 1♂; Hemeiuş, 20.05.1996, 1♀; treated in a generous number of papers by Periprava, 17.07.2000, 1♀, 1♂. Frivaldszky J. (1873), Mocsary S. (1874, 1897), Previous records: Brăteşti (Zanden, Matache, Henrich C. (1880-1884), Moczar M. & Henter P. 1986; Aftene M., 1979). (1906), Popovici Bâznoşanu (1906), Szilady Z. (1914), Zilahi K. E. (1904, 1915), Moczar L. (1947), Lithurgus (Lithurgus) cornutus (Fabricius 1787) Moczar L. (1956, 1958), Iuga & Scobiola – Palade = Lithurgus fuscipennis Lepeletier, 1841 (1959), Noskiewicz (1962), Aftene M. (1972, 1976, Material: Galbeni, 30.07.2007, 1♀; Perchiu, 1979a, 1979b, 1995), Aftene & Goagă (1993), 4.08,1992, 1♀; Valea Uzului, 10.08.2000, 1♀; Zanden & Matache (1986), Pascu, M. (2003), Ban Mărgineni, 11.07.1999, 1♀; Agigea, 27.07.2001, C. M. (2005a,b, 2006), Matache & Ban (2006), Ban- 1♂g; Valea Călu ărească, 2.08.1973, 1♀. Calefariu (2008 a, b), Ban-Calefariu (2009 a,b), Ban & Previous records: Sagna (NT) (Iuga V., Matache (2008), Ban-Calefariu & Ljubomirov (2009). Palade X.S., 1959), Bacău, Racova (BC) (Aftene M., This paper presents new distribution records Goagă A., 1980-1993). of family Megachilidae in Romania with geographical coordinates of the collecting sites and the Genul Trachusa PANZER, 1804 previous records of the species from Moldavia region. Trachusa (Trachusa) byssina (Panzer, 1798)

Material: Udeşti 16.08.1992, 1♀; Vânători Material and methods Neamt Nature Park, 27.06.2002, 2♀♀, Bârzuleşti, The material belongs to the Museum of 7.07.1997, 1♀, 1♂; Izvorul Alb, 26.07.1999, 1♀; Natural Sciences "Ion Borcea" Bacau and it was Valea Uzului, 7.07.1994, 1♀, 2♂♂; 13.07.1993, 1♂; collected mainly from Moldova region. Taxonomic 7.06.1996; Slănic Moldova, 27.07.2004, 1♀; treatment of the species list follows Kuhlmann, M. Slătioara, 20.07.1064, 1♂; Poiana Sărată, et al. (2012). 19.07.1996, 1♂; Şerbăneşti, 1.05.1995, 1♂.

Results and discussions Genus Rhodanthidium ISENSEE, 1927 List of species Rhodanthidium (Rhodanthidium) septemdentatum Genus Lithurgus LATREILLE, 1825 (Latreille, 1809) Lithurgus (Lithurgus) chrysurus Fonscolmbe 1834 Material: Cheile Turzii, 23.06.1998, 1♀, 1♂. ______* “Ion Borcea” Natural Science Museum Complex, Aleea Parcului street, no. 9, Bacău ** "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacău, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Genus Pseudoanthidium FRIESE, 1898 1 ♂, Ranunculus repens; Feteşti, 18.07.1969, 1♂; Pseudoanthidium lituratum (Panzer, 1801) Gura Văii, 5.07.1977, 1♂; Scorţeni, 21.06.1973, 1♂; Material: Vâlcele (Tg. Ocna), 12.07.1990, Previous records: Bacău (Aftene M., Goagă 1♀; Valea Seacă, 8.07.1977, 1♀; Plopana, A., 1980-1993). 10.08.1981, 1♀; Agigea, 26.07.2001, 1♀, Agapia, 10.08.1971, 1♀. Chelostoma (Chelostoma) florisomne (Linnaeus, 1758) Previous records: Iteşti (BC) (Zanden, = Apis maxillosa Linnaeus, 1767 Matache, 1986); Agapia (NT) (Tomozei, 2005). Material: Bereşti, 12.06.1984, 7♀♀, 25♂♂; Racova, 8.06.1981, 2♀♀; Oituz, 14.06.1980, 1♀; Genus Anthidium FABRICIUS, 1804 Herculane, 1.06.1978, 1♀; Lepşa, 29.06.1971, 1♂; Anthidium (Anthidium) manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758) Hemeiuş, 20.05.1996, 1♂; Valea Budului, Material: Băneasa, 26.08.1991, 1♀; Sinaia, 18.05.2000, 1♂; Buhoci, 22.05.1996, 1♂; Racova, 2.09.1987, 1♂; Oneşti, 22.08.2000, 2♂♂. 31.05,1974, 1♂; Bijghir, 18.05.1979, 4♂♂, 1♀, on Previous records: Beciu (VN) (Zanden, Ranunculus sp.; Coman, 26.05, 1972, 1♂, on Matache, 1986); Gemenea (SV), (Aftene,1995). Ranunculus acer; Grigoreni, 4.06.1974, 1♂, on Medicago sp.; Hemeiuş, 30.06.1981, 1♂, on Spirea Anthidium (Proanthidium) oblongatum (Illiger, 1806) sp.; Sănduleni, 23.05.1972, 1♀; Racova, 13.06.1074, Material: Hemeiuş, 25.07.1982, 1♀; 1♀; 8.06.1977, 5♀♀. Previous records: Brăteşti (BC) (Zanden, Previous records: Racova (BC)(Aftene M., Matache, 1986) Goagă A., 1980-1993).

Genus Anthidiellum COCKERELL, 1904 Chelostoma (Gyrodromella) rapunculi (Lepeletier, 1841) Anthidiellum (Anthidiellum) strigatum (Panzer, 1805) = Apis fuliginosa Panzer, 1798 Material: Ceahlău Massif, 12.08.2004, 1♂; = Heriades nigricornis Nylander, 1848 Valea Uzului, 17.07.1995, 1♂; Trebeş, 1.08.1972, 1♂. Material: Valea Uzului, 6.07.1994, 1♀, 1♂; Previous records: Berzunţi (Zanden, Matache, Perchiu, 4.08.1992, 1♀; Valea Budului, 7.07.1973, 1986), Sagna (NT) (Iuga V., Palade X.S., 1959). 1♀, on Verbascum sp.; 7.07.1973, 1♂, Trifolium hibridum; Brusturoasa, 4.07.1978, 1♂; Racova, Genus Stelis PANZER, 1806 11.06.1975, 1♂; Hemeiuş, 5.07.1995, 1♂; Valea Stelis (Stelis) breviuscula (Nylander, 1848) Uzului, 7.07.1994, 1♂; 15.07.1993, 1♂; 16.07.1993, Material: Hemeiuş, 25.07.1979, 1♂; 1♂; 17.07.1995, 1♂; Vânători Neamt Nature Park, 8.08.1985, 1♀; Racova, 7.08.1991, 1♂. 28.06.2002, 1♂; Gherăieşti, 30.06.1972, 1♂, on Raphanus sp.; Tescani, 21.06.1976, 1♂, on Stelis (Stelis) odontopyga Noskiewicz, 1926 Campanula sp.; Gura Bărzăuţei, 07.07.1997, 1♂; Material: Sulina, 22.07.1997, 1♀. Piatra Craiului National Park, 21.06.2003, 4♂♂. Previous records: Başta (NT), (Zanden, Stelis (Stelis) scutellaris Morawitz 1894 Matache, 1986). Material: Răchitoasa, 20.07.1972, 1♀, on Chrysanthemum sp. Genus Heriades SPINOLA, 1808 Previous records: Ulea (VS) (Zanden, Heriades (Heriades) crenulatus Nylander, 1856 Matache, 1986). Material: Nicolae Bălcescu, 13.07.1971, 1♀, on Trifolium sp.; Onişcani, 20.07.1971, 1♀, on Genus Chelostoma LATREILLE, 1809 Matricaria sp; Racova, 12.08.1978, 1♀; 17.07.1991, Chelostoma (Foveosmia) campanularum (Kirby, 1802) 1♂; Şerbăneşti, 13.08.1973, 1♀, on Daucus sp.; Material: Valea Budului, 12.08.1072, 1♀; Herculane, 3.09.1984, 1♀; Turnu Severin, Ceahlău Massif, 9.08.2004, 1♀; Hemeiuş, 30.07.1978, 1♀; Vânători Neamt Nature Park, 25.06.1979, 2♂♂, on Medicago sp.; Racova, 28.06.2000, 1♀; Hemeiuş, 25.05.1979, 2♂♂; Bacău, 10.08.1978, 1♂; Vâlcele (Tg. Ocna), 12.07.1990, 26.07.1984, 1♂; 26.07.1984, 1♂; Strugari, 2♀♀, 1♂; Brusturoasa, 4.07.1978, 1♂. 19.07.1983, 1♂; Agigea, 26.07.2001, 1♂, on Carduus sp.; Valea Budului, 7.07.1973, 3♂♂, on Chelostoma (Foveosmia) distinctum (Stoeckhert, 1929) Matricaria inodora; Vîlcele (Tg. Ocna), 17.07.1990, Material: Valea Budului, 7.07.1973, 1♀, 4♀♀; Brusturoasa, 24.07.1991, 1♀; Hemeiuş, Matricaria inodora; Histria, 25.06.1996, 3♂♂; 26.07.1990, 1♂; 25.07.1982, 1♀; Bijghir, 6.07.1971, 1♂. Racova, 11.06.1975, 1♀, 1♂; Covasna, 29.05.1972,

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Previous records: Beciu (VN), Văleni Hoplitis (Hoplitis) manicata (Morice, 1901) (NT)(Zanden, Matache, 1986); Văleni (NT) (Zanden Material: Hemeiuş, 25.07.1982, 1 ♀; Nicolae şi Matache, 1986). Bălcescu, 13.07.1971, 1♂, on Medicago sp.; Potoci, 26.06.1999, 1♂. Heriades (Heriades) truncorum (Linnaeus, 1758) Material: Gherăieşti, 29.06.1973, 1♀, on Hoplitis (Anthocopa) papaveris (Latreille, 1799) Raphanus sp.; 16.09.1976, 1♀, on Daucus sp.; 14- = Anthocopa papaveris Latreille, 1799 18.08.1972, 4♀♀ on Aster sp.; 2.07.1992, 2♀♀; Material: Ceahlău Massif, 12.08.2004, 1♀; 30.06.1973, 1♂, on Euphorbia sp.; 24.07.1971, 1♀; Valea Uzului, 17.07.1995, 1♂. Sănduleni, 23.05.1972, 1♀; Filipeşti, 14.07.1997, Previous records: Sărata (NT) (Zanden, 1♀; Brusturoasa, 17.08.1981, 1♀; Băneasa, Matache, 1986); Gherăieşti (Aftene M., Goagă A., 27.08.1991, 16♀♀, 1♂; 22.08.1991, 1♀, 1♂; 1980-1993). Răchitoasa, 19.07.1972, 1♂ on Chrysathemum sp.; 20.07.1972, 2♀♀, 1♂, on Crepis sp.; Bereşti, Genus Osmia PANZER, 1802 13.06.1985, 1♀; Hemeiuş, 26.07.1990, 1♀; Osmia (Helicosmia) aurulenta (Panzer, 1799) 25.07.1979, 1♀; 28.04. 1994, 1♀; 8.08.1985, 1♂; Material: Hemeiuş, 20.05.1996, 1♀. 23.07.1976, 1♀, on Medicago sp.; Bacău, Previous records: Stăniţa (NT), Başta (NT) 21.07.1993, 1♀, 1♂; 31.07.1991, 1♀, 1♂, on (Zanden, Matache, 1986); Valea Budului (BC), Calendula sp.; 19.08.1991, 1♀; 30.08.1971, 1♀; Gherăieşti (BC) (Aftene M., Goagă A., 1980-1993); Dealu Morii, 1.08.1975, 1♂; Poiana Sărată, Furcenii Vechi (Zanden şi Matache, 1986; Tecuci 21.07.1996, 1♂; Dospineşti, 2.08.1972, 1♀; Trebeş, (Aftene, 1995). 1.08.1972, 2♀♀; Valea Budului, 12.08.1972, 2♀♀; 11.08.1973, 1♂, on Achillea sp.; Racova, 7.08.1991, Osmia (Neosmia) bicolor (Schrank, 1781) 1♀; Histria, 25.06.1996, 2♂♂; Scutaru, 9.08.1974, Material: Godovana, 26.04.1994, 1♀, on 1♀; Slănic Moldova, 18.08.1991, 1♀; 12.09.1990, Mallus sp.; Grigoreni, 4.06.1974, 1♀, on Vicia sp.; 1♂; Bijghir, 6.07.1971, 1♂, on Chrysathemum sp. Bijghir, 18.05.1979, 1♀, on Ranunculus sp. Previous records: Beciu (VN), Mera (VN) (Zanden, Matache, 1986); Bacău (Aftene M., Goagă Osmia (Hoplosmia) bidentata Morawitz, 1876 A., 1980-1993). = Anthocopa bidentata (Morawitz, 1876) Material: Agigea, 26-28.07.2001, 4 ♀♀, Genus Hoplitis KLUG, 1807 2♂♂; Runc, 29.07.1994, 1♀; Racova, 7.08.1991, Hoplitis (Hoplitis) adunca (Panzer, 1798) 1♀; 17.07.1991, 1♂; Urecheşti, 22.07.1982, 1♂; Material: Poiana Sărată, 19.07.1996, 1♂; Comorova, 13.07.1969, 1♂. Racova, 26.06.1979, 1♀. Previous records: Ulea (VS), Cordun (NT), Traian (BC), Piatra Neamţ (NT), Gugeşti (VS) Hoplitis (Hoplitis) anthocopoides (Schenck, 1853) (Zanden, Matache, 1986). Material: Bereşti, 13.06.1985, 1 ♀; Gherăieşti, 17.06.2004, 1♀. Osmia (Metallinella) brevicornis (Fabricius, 1798) Material: Racova, 29.06.1984, 2♀♀, on Hoplitis (Alcidamea) claviventris (Thomson, 1872) Raphanus sp.; Gherăieşti, 9.05.1974, 1♂, Sinapis Material:Agapia, 10.08.1971, 1♀; Grigoreni, arvensis; Racova, 28.05.1974, 1♂. 4.06.1974, 1♀, Medicago sp. Previous records: Brăteşti (BC), Bacău Osmia (Helicosmia) caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Zanden, Matache, 1986). Material: Bacău, 7.06.1972, 1♀, on Trifolium sp.; Hemeiuş, 20.05.1996, 2♀♀; 30.06.1981, 1♀, on Hoplitis (Alcidamea) leucomelana (Kirby, 1802) Spirea sp.; Strugari, 20.07.1983, 1♀; Valea Budului, Material: Racova, 5.08.1981, 1♀, on 17.07.1973, 1♀; Racova, 28.05.1974, 1♀, 1♂, on Trifolium sp.; Bacău, 4.08.1984, 1♀; Techirghiol, Fragaria grandiflora. 15.07.1970, 1♀; Luncani, 3.06.1996, 2♂♂, on Previous records: Iteşti (BC), Başta (NT), Robinia sp.; Brusturoasa, 4.07.1978, 1♀; Vîlcele Stăniţa (NT) (Zanden, Matache, 1986). (Tg. Ocna), 12.07.1990, 1♀; Racova, 4.07.1981, 1♂; Fîntînele, 24.06.1975, 1♂; Crişan (TL), 8.06.1973, 1♂. Osmia (Osmia) cerinthidis Morawitz 1876 Previous records: Goleşti (VN), Iteşti (BC), Material: Sănduleni, 23.05.1972, 1♀; Racova, Stăniţa (NT) (Zanden, Matache, 1986); Gherăieşti 8.06.1981, 1♀. (Aftene M., Goagă A., 1980-1993).

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Previous records: Horia (NT) (Zanden, Osmia (Hoplosmia) spinulosa (Kirby, 1802) Matache, 1986). Material: Techirghiol, 15.07.1970, 1♀; Agigea, 26.07.2001, 10♀♀, on Cirsium; 27.07.2001, 21♀♀; Osmia (Osmia) cornuta (Latreille, 1805) Racova, 22.08.1990, 1♂, on Convolvulus sp.; Cheile Material: Nechit, 19.08.2001, 1♀; Valea Turzii, 22.06.1998, 11♂; Potoci, 28.06.1996, 1♂. Budului, 21.05.2004, 1♀; Godovana, 24.06.1994, 1♀; Gherăieşti, 29.04.1996, 5♀♀, on Armeniaca Osmia (Melanosmia) xanthomelana (Kirby, 1802) vulgaris; Valea Uzului, 14.07.1993, 1♀; Bacău, Material: Cheile Turzii, 23.06.1998, 1♀. 19.04.1995, 1♀; Şerbăneşti, 1.05.1995, 1♂, on Mallus sp. Genus Megachile LATREILLE, 1802 Previous records: Runcu – Popeşti (VN), Megachile (Eutricharaea) apicalis Spinola, 1808 Podu Lacului (VN) (Zanden, Matache, 1986); Iaşi Material: Gherăieşti, 28.08.1973, 2♀♀; Băneasa, (Aftene, 1995). 27.08.1991, 1♀. Previous records: Pituluşa (VN), Cordun Osmia (Osmia) emarginata Lepeletier, 1841 (NT) (Zanden, Matache, 1986). Material: Cheile Turzii, 22.06.1998, 1♀. Megachile (Eutricharaea) leachella Curtis, 1828 Osmia (Pyrosmia) gallarum Spinola, 1808 Material: Hanu Conachi, 13.09.1994, 1♂. Material: Histria, 3.06.1972, 2♀♀; Crişan, Previous records: Pituluşa (VN), Vârteşcoiu 8.06.1973, 1♀. (VN), Arva (VN), Pribeşti (VS), Brăteşti (BC) (Zanden, Matache, 1986); Bacău (Aftene M., Goagă Osmia (Helicosmia) leaiana (Kirby, 1802) A., 1980-1993). Material: Valea Uzului, 7.07.1994, 3 ♀♀, on Xanthium achanthoides; 6.07.1997, 1♀; Gura Megachile (Eutricharaea) pilidens Alfken, 1924 Bărză uţei, 7.07.1997, 1♀; Sărărie, 24.06.2000, 1♂; Material: Gherăieşti, 7.08.1996, 1♀; 3.04.1994, Bijghir, 18.05.1979, 1♀, on Ranunculus sp. 1♀; Agigea, 26.07.2001, 2♀♀, 2♂♂; Măraşu (BR), Previous records: Vânători Neamţ (NT) 23.08.1998, 1♀. (Zanden, Matache, 1986); Mărgineni (BC), Nicolae Previous records: Odobeşti (VN) (Aftene M., 1979). Bălcescu (BC) Bârzuleşti (Aftene M., Goagă A., 1980-1993). Megachile (Eutricharaea) rotundata (Fabricius 1793) Material: Sulina, 15.07.2002, 1♀; Poiana Osmia (Helicosmia) melanogaster Spinola, 1808 Sărată, 25.07.2002, 1♀; Bijghir, 6.07.1971, 1♀, on Material: Agigea, 26.07.2001, 1♀. Chrysanthemum sp.; Focşani, 13.07.1983, 1♂; Hemeiuş, 15.05.1979, 1♂. Agigea, 27-28.07.2001, Osmia (Helicosmia) niveata (Fabricius, 1804) 2♀♀; Racova, 7.08.1991, 1♀. = Osmia fulviventris (Panzer, 1798) Previous records: Vameş (NT)(Aftene M., Material: Hemeiuş, 25.06.1979, 1♀, on 1979), Sagna (NT) (Iuga V., Palade X.S., 1959); Medicago sp.; Valea Uzului, 7.07.1995, 1♀, 1♂; Hemeiuş (Aftene M., Goagă A., 1980-1993); Podu Racova, 28.05.1974, 1♂ on Fragaria grandiflora. Iloaiei, Suceava (Aftene, 1995). Previous records: Dumbrava (BC), Vânători Neamţ (NT) (Zanden, Matache, 1986); Coman Megachile (Eutricharaea) willughbiella (Kirby, 1802) Bârzuleşti (Aftene M., Goagă A., 1980-1993). Material: Poiana Sărată, 23.07.2003, 1♀. Previous records: Cordun (NT) (Zanden, Osmia (Osmia) bicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) Matache, 1986; Aftene M., 1979); Gura Văii (BC) = Osmia rufa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Aftene M., Goagă A., (1980-1993). Material: Hemeiuş, 16.04.1994, 1♀; Rădăşeni, 15.05.1959, 1♀; Gherăieşti, 24.07.1999, 1♀; Megachile (Megachile) centuncularis (Linnaeus, 1758) Şerbăneşti (Pomicola), 9.05.1997, 1♀; Luncani, Material: Poiana Sărată, 24.07.2002, 2♀♀; 11.06.2000, 1♂; Bibireşti, 12.05.1997, 1♂; Agigea, Sărărie, 23.06.2000, 3♀♀; Suceava, 18.07.1975, 1♀; 28.07.2001, 1♂. Valea Seacă, 27.08.1982, 1♀; Gherăieşti, 3.04.1994, Previous records: Racova, Plopana (Aftene 2♀♀; Slănic Moldova, 01.09.2005, 1♀; Valea M., Goagă A., 1980-1993). Budului, 28.08.1995, 1♀; Sulina, 15.07.2002, 5♀♀. Previous records: Broşteni (VN), Brăteşti (BC), Bacău, Stăniţa (NT) (Zanden, Matache, 1986;

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Aftene M., 1979); Sfăteşti (BC), Podu Iloaiei (IS), Iţcani (SV) (Aftene, 1995). Coelioxys (Allocoelioxys) haemorrhoa Forster, 1853 Material: Agigea, 26.07.2001, 2♀♀; Poiana Megachile (Megachile) lapponica Thomson, 1872 Sărată, 23.07.2002, 1♂. Material: Valea Uzului, 7.07.1994, 1♂; Brusturoasa, 14.09.1991, 1♀. Coelioxys (Boreocoelioxys) alata Förster, 1853 Previous records: Cordun (NT) (Aftene M., 1979). Material: Valea Uzului, 7.07.1997, 1♀.

Megachile (Megachile) ligniseca (Kirby, 1802) Coelioxys (Boreocoelioxys) inermis (Kirby, 1802) Material: Poiana Sărată, 12.08.2002, 2♀♀; Material: Tescani, 21.06.1976, 1♂; Racova, 18.07.1996, 1♀; 19.07.1996, 1♀; 25.07.2001, 1♀; 28.06.1974, on Fragaria sp. Valea Budului, 28.08.1995, 1♀; 6.08.1996, 3♀♀; Izvorul Alb, 23.07.1998, 1♀, Cheile Tişiţei, Coelioxys (Boreocoelioxys) rufescens Lepeletier and 24.08.2006, 1♀; Valea Uzului, 8.08.2000, 1♀; Audinet-Serville, 1825 Durău, 13.09.1995, 1♀; Slănic Moldova, Material: Racova, 10.08.1975, 1♀; Brătila, 29.08.2003, 1♀; Ceahlău Massif, 9.08.2004, 2♀♀, 26.07.1971, 1♀, on Achillea sp.; Strugari, on Telekia speciosa; Scutaru, 8.08.1974, 2♀♀; 19.07.1983, 1♂. Vânători Neamt Nature Park, 28.07.2000, 1♀. Coelioxys (Coelioxys) aurolimbata Foerster, 1853 Megachile (Megachile) octosignata Nylander, 1852 Material: Agigea, 26.07.2001, 1♀ ; Valea Material: Cheile Tişiţei, 25.08.2006, 1♀; Uzului, 17.07.1995, 1♀ ; Histria, 25.06.1996, 1♂ ; Poiana Sărată, 18.07.1996, 1♀. Poduri, 28.06.1990, 1♀. Previous records: Brăteşti (BC), Broşteni (VN), Cordun (NT) (Zanden, Matache, 1986; Aftene Coelioxys (Coelioxys) conoidea (Illiger, 1806) M., 1979), Vărsătura (VN), Odobeşti (VN) (Aftene Material: Valea Uzului, 7.07.1995, 1♂. M., 1979); Nicolae Bălcescu (BC)(Aftene M., Goagă A., 1980-1993); Podu Iloaiei, Reghin, Coelioxys (Coelioxys) elongata Lepeletier 1841 Suceava (Aftene, 1995). Material: Valea Frumoasei, 15.07.1972, 1♀, on Chrysanthemum sp. Megachile (Pseudomegachile) ericetorum Lepeletier, 1841 Material: Racova, 27.06.1979, 1♀, 1♂; Coelioxys (Coelioxys) quadridentata (Linnaeus, 1758) Poduri, 28.06.1990, 1♂; Agigea, 26.07.2001, 2♂♂. Material: Grigoreni, 4.06.1974, 1♂. Previous records: Beciu (VN), Brăteşti (VN), Cordun (NT), Traian (BC) (Zanden, Matache, 1986); Conclusions Brăteşti (VN), Cordun (NT), Odobeşti (VN), Bleju The checklist comprises 60 species of (VN) (Aftene M., 1979); Valea Frumoasei, Bacău Megachilidae collected mainly from Moldavia (Aftene M., Goagă A., 1980 -1993). region (Romania) and supplemented with records from Banat, Muntenia, Dobrogea and Megachile (Xanthosarus) lagopoda (Linnaeus, 1761) Transylvania regions. Twenty one species are Material: Valea Budului, 6.08.1996, 1♀. newly recorded for Moldavia region: Trachusa byssina Previous records: Stăniţa (NT) (Aftene M., 1979). (Panzer, 1798), Stelis breviuscula (Nylander, 1848), Stelis odontopyga Noskiewicz, 1926, Chelostoma Megachile (Xanthosarus) nigriventris Schenck, 1870 campanularum (Kirby, 1802), Hoplitis adunca Material: Dofteana, 24.06.2000, 1♂. (Panzer, 1798), Hoplitis anthocopoides (Schenck, 1853), Hoplitis manicata (Morice, 1901), Osmia Genus Coelioxys LATREILLE, 1809 bicolor (Schrank, 1781), Osmia brevicornis (Fabricius, Coelioxys (Allocoelioxys) afra Lepeletier, 1841 1798), Osmia spinulosa (Kirby, 1802), Megachile Material: Amara, 23.08.1972, 1♀, on ligniseca (Kirby, 1802), Megachile nigriventris Leontodon sp.; Poiana Sărată, 24.07.2002, 1♂. Schenck, 1870, Coelioxys afra Lepeletier, 1841, Coelioxys haemorrhoa Forster, 1853, Coelioxys Coelioxys (Allocoelioxys) echinata Foerster, 1853 alata Förster, 1853, Coelioxys inermis (Kirby, 1802), = Coelioxys rufocaudata Smith, 1854 Coelioxys rufescens Lepeletier and Audinet-Serville, Material: Gherăieşti, 30.04.1994, 1♂. 1825, Coelioxys aurolimbata Foerster, 1853, Coelioxys Previous records: Sagna (NT) (Iuga V., conoidea (Illiger, 1806), Coelioxy elongata Lepeletier Palade X.S., 1959). 1841, Coelioxys quadridentata (Linnaeus, 1758).

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Coordinates of collecting localities: Trebeş - 46° 36' 0N, 26° 49' 60E Moldavia region: Udeşti - 47° 34' 0N, 26° 25' 0E Bacău - 46° 34' 0N, 26° 53' 60E Urecheşti - 46° 7' 60N, 27° 4' 60E Băneasa – 44°30'30.57''N, 26°03'54.2''E Valea Budului - 46° 36' 0N, 26° 49' 60E Bârzuleşti - 46° 28' 60N, 26° 46' 0E Valea Călugărească - 44° 58' 0N, 26° 8' 60E Bereşti - 46° 43' 0N, 26° 49' 60E Valea Frumoasei - 46°39'51.50'' N, 26°31'58.93''E Bibireşti -46° 31' 0N, 27° 4' 60E Valea Seacă - 46° 12' 0N, 26° 51' 0E Bijghir - 46°36'10.18''N, 27°01'05.92''E Valea Uzului - 46° 16' 60N, 25° 52' 0E Brătila - 46°19'01.84''N, 26°45'47.19''E Vânători Neamt Nature Park- 47°08'23.38''N, Brusturoasa - 46° 31' 0N, 26° 11' 60E 26°15'56.22''E Ceahlău Massif - 46°56'24.04''N, 26°04'17.84''E Vîlcele (Tg. Ocna) - 46° 17' 60N, 26° 36' 0E Cheile Tişiţei - 45°56'32.42''N, 26°34'32.67''E Coman - 46° 28' 0N, 26° 46' 60E Dobrogea region: Dealu Morii - 46° 19' 0N, 27° 13' 60E Agigea - 44° 4' 60N, 28° 37' 0E Dofteana - 46° 19' 0N, 26° 31' 0E Amara - 45° 15' 0N, 27° 16' 60E Durău - 46°59'55.96''N, 25°55'25.38''E Comorova - 43°52'04.67''N, 28°35'05.33''E Fântânele - 46° 12' 0N, 27° 3' 0E Covasna - 45° 51' 0N, 26° 10' 60E Filipeşti - 46° 45' 0N, 26° 52' 60E Crişan - 44° 58' 0N, 29° 28' 0E Focşani - 45° 42' 0N, 27° 10' 60E Histria - 44° 34' 0N, 28° 43' 0E Galbeni - 46° 27' 0N, 26° 55' 60E Periprava - 45° 23' 60N, 29° 31' 60E Gherăieşti - 46°36'26.03''N, 26°54'31.42''E Sulina - 45° 8' 60N, 29° 40' 0E Godovana - 46°32'27.78''N, 27°11'40.57''E Techirghiol - 44° 2' 60N, 28° 36' 0E Grigoreni - 46° 36' 0N, 26° 40' 60E Gura Bărzăuţei - 46°20'4.72"N, 26°17'37.68"E Muntenia region: Gura Văii - 46° 40' 60N, 26° 46' 60E Feteşti - 44° 22' 60N, 27° 49' 60E Hanu Conachi - 45° 34' 60N, 27° 36' 0E Măraşu - 44° 51' 0N, 27° 58' 0E Hemeiuş - 46° 37' 0N, 26° 51' 0E Sinaia - 45° 21' 0N, 25° 33' 0E Izvorul Alb - 46° 58' 60N, 26°4' 60E Lepşa - 45°56'56.94''N, 26°34'37.39''E Banat region: Luncani - 46° 36' 0N, 26° 45' 0E Herculane - 44° 52' 47N, 22° 24' 45E Mărgineni - 46°35'15.74''N, 26°51'36.15''E Turnu Severin - 44° 37' 55N, 22° 39' 22E Nechit - 46° 46' 0N, 26° 25' 0E Nicolae Bălcescu - 46° 55' 0N, 26° 55' 0E Transylvania region: Oituz - 46° 12' 0N, 26° 37' 0E Cheile Turzii - 46°33'46.78''N, 23°40'44.84''E Oneşti - 46° 15' 0N, 26° 45' 0E Piatra Craiului National Park - 45°34'15.04'' N, Onişcani - 46° 47' 60N, 26° 52' 0E 25°16'34.12''E Perchiu – 46°13' 17.18'' N, 27°15'12.07''E Plopana - 46° 40' 60N, 27° 13' 0E Rezumat Poduri - 46° 28' 0N, 26° 31' 60E Sunt citate 60 de specii aparţinând familiei Poiana Sărată - 46° 8' 60N, 26° 26' 60E Megachilidae din Romania, alături de punctele de Potoci - 46° 58' 0N, 26° 7' 0E colectare şi coordonatele geografice ale acestora. Răchitoasa - 46° 25' 60N, 27° 22' 0E Dintre acestea, 21 de specii sunt pentru întâia dată Racova - 46° 30' 0N, 26° 58' 60E semnalate în fauna Moldovei. Rădăşeni - 47° 28' 0N, 47° 28' 0N Runc - 46°44'45.78''N, 26°44'42.71''E References Să nduleni - 46° 27' 0N, 26° 43' 60E 1. AFTENE M., 1972 - Speciile familiei Sărărie - 46° 30' 0N, 26° 49' 60E Megachilidae (Hymenoptera) citate în fauna Scorţeni - 46° 32' 60N, 26° 38' 60E României. Comunicãri şi Referate, Muzeul de Scutaru - 46° 6' 0N, 26° 37' 60E Ştiinţele Naturii Ploieşti, 263-276. Şerbăneşti - 46° 34' 60N, 26° 55' 60E 2. AFTENE M., 1973 - Specii de Slănic Moldova - 46° 12' 0N, 26° 25' 60E Megachilidae (Hymenoptera) din zona Vãii Slătioara - 47°27'39.89'' N, 25°40'18.61''E Teleajenului. Comunicãri şi Referate, Muzeul Strugari - 46° 31' 60N, 26° 43' 0E Judeţean de Ştiinţele Naturii Ploieşti, 131-134. Suceava - 47° 37' 60N, 26° 15' 0E 3. AFTENE M., 1976 - Contribuţii la Tescani - 46° 31' 0N, 26° 38' 60E cunoaşterea familiei Megachilidae (Hymenoptera)

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro din judeţul Prahova. Comunicãri şi Referate, Muzeul du Muséum National d`Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Judeţean de Ştiinţele Naturii Ploieşti, 57-62. Antipa”, 51: 443-462. 4. AFTENE M., 1979a - Lista speciilor de 16. BAN-CALEFARIU C., LJUBOMIROV albine (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) din Muzeul de T., 2009 - New data on the distribution of some Ştiinţele Naturii Ploieşti. Comunicãri şi Referate, Megachilinae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae) Muzeul Judeţean de Ştiinţele Naturii Ploieşti, 149-155. in Romania. Linzer biol. Beitr. 41 (2): 1803-1816. 5. AFTENE M., 1979b - Megachilidae 17. FRIVALDSZKY J., 1876 - Data ad (Hymenoptera) din Fauna Moldovei. Anuarul faunam Hungariae meridionalis comitatuum Temes Muzeului de Ştiinţele Naturii Piatra-Neamţ, Seria et Krassó. Math. Természet. Közlem, 13: 285-378. Botanicã-Zoologie, 4: 195-199. 18. HENRICH C., 1880-1884 - Verzeichniss 6. AFTENE M., 1995 - Contribuţii la studiul der im Jahre 1879 – 1883 bei Hermannstadt Megachilidelor (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) beobachteten Blumenwespen. Verh. Mitt. Ver. F. dinRomânia (sistematicã, faunisticã, biologie, Naturwiss. In Hermannstadt, vol. 30-34, p. 179-182; ecologie şi etologie). PhD thesis, “Alexandru Ioan 68-69; 122-125; 115-116; 136. Cuza” University, Faculty of Biology, Iaşi. 19. IUGA V., SCOBIOLA P. X., 1959 - 7. AFTENE M., GOAGÃ A., 1993 - Specii Despre principalele apoide polenizatoare ale de Megachilidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Apoidea) lucernelor. Acad. R.P.R. “Omagiul lui Traian din colecţiile entomologice ale Complexului Muzeal Savulescu cu prilejul împlinirii a 70 de ani. “Edit. de Ştiinţele Naturii - Bacãu. Studii şi Comunicãri, Acad. R.P.R., Bucureşti. 305-308. 20. KUHLMANN M. et al., 2012 - Checklist 8. BAN C. M., 2005a - Contributions to the of the Western Palaearctic Bees (Hymenoptera: knowledge of apoid hymenopterans (Hymenoptera: Apoidea:Anthophila). http://westpalbees.myspecies.info. Megachilidae, Anthophoridae, Apidae) from 21. MATACHE I., BAN – CALEFARIU M., Maramures (Romania). Part I. Travaux du Muséum 2006 - Family Megachilidae (Hymenoptera: National d`Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa”, Apoidea) in Dobrogea (Romania). Travaux du vol. 48. Muséum National d`Histoire Naturelle “Grigore 9. BAN C. M., 2005b - Contributions to the Antipa”, 49: 297 - 306. knowledge of the apoid hymenopterans (Hymenoptera: 22. MOCSAR M., HENTER P. , 1906 - Apoidea) from Piatra Craiului National Park. Ujabb adatok Magyarorszag Hymenoptera- Research in Piatra Craiului National Park, 3: 150-155. faunajahoz. Rovartani Lapok, 13: 200-210, Budapest. 23. MOCSARY A., 1874 - Zur Hymenopteren 10. BAN C. M., 2006 - Apoid – Fauna Siebenbürgens, Verh, Mitt. Siebenb. Ver. Hymenopterans (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae, Naturwiss. Hermannstadt, 24: 117-122. Anthophoridae, Apidae) from Fagaras Mountains 24. MOCSARY A., 1897 - Fauna Regni Area (Romania). Brukenthal Acta Musei 1.3: 107-112. Hungariae. Arthropoda,Ordo.Hymenoptera. Regia 11. BAN – CALEFARIU C., 2008a – Apoid Societas Scientiarum Naturalium Hungarica, hymenopterans (Melittidae, Megachilidae, Anthophoridae, Budapest, 3: 113 pp. Apidae) from Maramureş area (Romania). 25. MÓCZÁR L., 1947 - Beitrage zur Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Kenntnis der Hymenopterenfauna Siebenburgens. Fragm. Ecological Research, Sibiu, 5: 89-96. Faun. Hung., 10: 3. 12. BAN-CALEFARIU C., 2008b - The 26. MÓCZÁR M., 1956 - A pelyhesméhek seasonal dynamics of Megachilidae and (Anthidium Fabr.) faunakatalógusa és etológiai Antophoridae species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in adatai. Rovartani Közlemények, Folia Entomologica Romania. Entomol. rom., 13: 23-28. Hungarica, 9 (11): 211-222. 13. BAN-CALEFARIU C., 2009a - Checklist 27. MÓCZÁR M., 1958 - Hymenoptera (III): of Megachilidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of the Megachilidae. Fauna Hungariae, XIII (12), 78 pp. Romanian fauna. Travaux du Muséum National 28. NOSKIEWICZ J., 1962 - Drei neue d`Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa”, 52: 303-311. palearktisch Arten der Gattung Stelis Panz. 14. BAN - CALEFARIU C., 2009b - Aspects (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Bull. ent. Pologne 32: 54-68. regarding the frequency of some Megachilidae and 29. PASCU M., 2003 - Contribuţii la Anthophoride (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) species in cunoaşterea faunei de Megachilidae (Hymenoptera) Romania. Acta Oecologica Carpatica, II, 149-156. din depresiunea Sibiului. Studii şi cercetãri, 15. CALEFARIU C., MATACHE I., 2008 - Biologie, Complexul Muzeal Bistriţa Nãsãud, 8: 71-87. Data on the Apoid hymenopterans (Hymenoptera: 30. POPOVICI – BÂZNOŞANU A., 1910 - Apoidea) of Bucureşti and its surroundings. Travaux Experimentelle Studien ueber Osmia rufa.

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie, 34. ZANDEN G., MATACHE I., 1986 - Bd.6, 224-228. Family Megachilidae (Hymenoptera) in the 31. POPOVICI BÂZNOŞANU A., 1907 - collections of the “Grigore Antipa” Natural History Megachile bombycina Rad., au point de vue Museum. Travaux du Muséum d`Histoire Naturelle biologique. Buletinul Societăţii de Ştiinţe Bucureşti, “Grigore Antipa”, 28: 65-78. 142 – 166. 35. ZILAHI K. E., 1904 - Adatok 32. POPOVICI-BÂZNOŞANU A., 1910 - Le Szilagymegye Hymenoptera-faunájához. Rovartani cœur et la fonction circulatoire chez Megachile Lapok, XI (4): 77-79, Budapest. bombycina Rad. Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig, 36. ZILAHI K. E., 1915 - Ujabb adatok Bd. 35, 628 - 630. Magyarország Hymenoptera fauná jához 33. SZILADY Z., 1914 - Verzeichniss meiner Apidae. Rovartani Lapok, 22: 76-86. Insektenansannlungen in Ungarn.III, Hymenoptera. Rovartani Lapok, 21: 78-95.

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro COMPLEXUL MUZEAL DE ŞTIINŢELE NATURII „ION BORCEA” BACĂU

STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI 2011 Vol. 24: 69 – 72

CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF GENUS PANURGUS PANZER 1806 (ANDRENIDAE: PANURGINAE) IN ROMANIA

BOGDAN TOMOZII*

ABSTRACT

Three species of Panurgus belonging to subgenera Panurgus and Euryvalvus were historically reported in Romania. The presence of Panurgus dentipes needs to be confirmed. This paper illustrates the morphological characters of two species, Panurgus calcaratus and Panurgus banksianus and lists the distribution records of these species in Romania.

Keywords: Andrenidae, Panurgus, Romania

Introduction Genus Panurgus is one of 5 genera belonging FAMILY : Andrenidae to family Andrenidae found in Romania. Genus Subfamily : Panurginae Panurgus has a circum-Mediterranean distribution Genus Panurgus Panzer 1806 (ROZEN, 1971). Panurgus nests in the ground and prefer sunny places with sparse vegetation. The Diagnosis. Genus Panurgus comprise small and females often nests in aggregations (ROZEN, J. G, large species ranging between 6-13 mm. The head Jr. 1967). The species have one generation per year and (frontal view) nearly quadrate, usually cubic-shaped pass through the winter months as mature larvae. at males (Fig.2A,B). Clypeus protuberant; Labral lamella broad or narrow, concave, usually glossy. Three species were historically reported in Facial fovea barely noticeable. Outer subantennal Romania by: MOCSÁRY (1897), MÓCZÁR & suture twice longer than inner subantenal suture. HENTER (1907), SZILADY (1914), WARNCKE & Proboscis long; glossa pointed and longer then galea PALADE (1980), PASCU (1996), (TOMOZEI, (Fig.2C). Flagellomeres are short both at male and 2004, 2005). The present paper provides an female; male have 2nd flagellomer longer than the 3rd illustrated diagnosis of Panurgus species of one. Propodeum shinny, punctation sparse and Romania. In addition, distribution records of these superficial, sculpture of propodeal triangle different species are provided. then the rest of propodeum. Fore wings with 2 submarginal cells (Fig.2E). Tibial scopa long and dense (Fig.2,D). Males of some species have on Material and methods posterior trochanters (P. dentipes) or femora The material studied belongs to the (P.calcaratus) a strong proeminence. Metasomal collections of MNSB “Ion Borcea” Museum of terga glossy, finely punctate. Body black, generally Natural Sciences Bacău, Romania. sparsely covered with hairs. The morphological structures were pictured using Zeiss stereomicroscope with a digital camera Subgenus PANURGUS Panzer, 1806 (Canon PowerShot A410). The line drawings were made using a Zeiss camera lucida attached to a Zeiss Panurgus (Panurgus) calcaratus (Scopoli, 1763) stereomicroscope. (Fig.1) Diagnosis. Body black, glossy. Female: Head and mesonotum with short and sparse pilosity, clearly Results and discussions shorter than P. banksianus. Terga apical margins not Catalogue and diagnosis for the species ranging in as in P. banksianus (Fig.3F). Terga 1-4 barely Romania. covered with hairs. Male: Labral lamella broad, smooth and shinny (Fig.3A). Flagellar segments knot shaped, particularly the 5th and 6th ______flagellomeres (Fig.3B). Thorax shinny and sparsely * “Ion Borcea” Natural Science Museum Complex, Aleea punctate. Propodeum polished, propodeal triangle Parcului street, no. 9, Bacău weakly depressed, with dense longitudinal wrinkles

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro (Fig.3E). Hind femora of males with a toothlike proeminance (Fig.3D). Penis valves different than P. banksianus. Gonostylus with toothlike proeminence on outer margin (Fig.3C). Lenght: 8-9 mm.

Additional material: Vîrciorova (MH) [44°43.000'N, 22° 29.000'E], 5.VII.1969, 1♀, leg. I. Nemeş; Comorova Forest (CT) [43°52.214'N, 28°35.174'E], 2.VIII.1968, 1♀, leg. I. Nemeş; Gherãieşti (BC) [46° 36.043'N, 26° 54.804'E], 29.VII.-3.IX. 2000, 28♀♀, 10 ♂♂, leg. Tomozii B., on Crepis sp.; Valea A B Frumoasei (BC) [46° 38.272'N, 26° 30.372'E], 13- 14-15.VII.1972, 11♀♀, 13♂♂, on Carduus, Chrysanthemum; Racova (BC) [46° 42.170'N, 26° 44.453'E], VIII, 2♀♀, 1♂; Rãchitoasa (BC) [46° 26.718'N, 27° 22.804'E], 1♀♀, 2♂♂; Slãnic Moldova (BC) [46°13.413'N,26°28.587'E], 5.IX.2001, 2♀♀, 1♂; Trebeş (BC) [46°35.753'N, 26°50.386'E], 9.VIII.2002, 2♀♀, 1♂; Iteşti (BC) [46° 39.169'N, 26° 52.338'E], 12.VII.1975, 3♂♂, leg. Dima A.; M- rea Agapia (NT) [47°10.362'N, 26°14.301'E], 27.VII.2002, 1♂, 2♀♀, on Hieracium pilosella (Tomozii, 2005); Agapia (NT) [47°10.362'N, 26° 14.301'E], 9-10.VIII.1971, 2♀♀, 1♂, leg. Goagă A.; Şerbăneşti-Pomicola [46° 36.204'N, 26° 55.634'E], 11.VII.2002, 13♀♀, 6♂♂, on Crepis biennis, leg. Tomozii B.; Amara (IL) [44° 36.686'N, 27°19.196'E] 10.VIII.1971, 4♀♀, 1♂, 23-24. VIII.1972, 2♀♀, 3♂♂, on Leontodon autumnalis, leg. Goagă A.; Ceahlău-Durău [46° 59.877'N, 25° 55.322'E], 4.VIII.1966, 1♀, leg. Voicu M.; Ceahlău National Park-Izvorul Muntelui [46° 57.256'N, 25° C D 59.312'E], 11.VII.2004, 5♀♀, 3♂♂ on Hieracium sp., leg. Tomozii B.

A E

Fig. 2 - Structures of Panurgus sp. A. Face of male Panurgus calcaratus; B. Face of male Panurgus banksianus; C. Labio maxillary complex of Panurgus calcaratus (female); D. Hind leg of female Panurgus calcaratus showing a dense tibial scopa; E. Wings of Panurgus (drawings by B Bogdan Tomozii).

Distribution: Europe, North Africa, Minor Asia. Previous records: Buziaş (TM), Mehadia (CS) Fig. 1 - Panurgus calcaratus (Moczar&Henter,1907); Tăşnad (SM) (Mocsáry, (Scopoli, 1763). 1900); Rodna (1500 m); VIII (Szilady, 1914); A. Female; B. Male Retezat, VII, 1921; Retezat-Râul Mare, 20- (drawings by Bogdan Tomozii)

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro 29.VIII.1930 (Pascu, 1996); Suceag-Cluj, Haţeg (HD), Tuşnad (HG) (Mocsáry, 1900); Aiud (AB) VI-VIII, Runc (AB) VII (Szilady, 1914); Ocna Sibiului (SB), VII, ♀♀, det Friese; Guşteriţa (SB); Răcătău (SB), 13.VII. 1929; Trei Scaune (former county in the Kingdom of Romania with residence A in Sfântul Gheorghe) (Pascu, 1996). Biology: Monovoltine, flight from July to September, oligolectic on Asteraceae.

Subgenus EURYVALVUS Patiny, 1999 B Panurgus (Euryvalvus) banksianus (Kirby, 1802)

Diagnosis. Female: Head and mesonotum with long and dense pilosity, longer than P. calcaratus. Terga apical margins clearly depressed. Terga 1-4 with black pilosity, longer then P. calcaratus. Male: Body with dark hairs, except tibiae and tarsi covered with light brownish hairs. Labral lamella shinny, narrow (Fig.4A). Flagellar segments not knot shaped. Thorax shinny and sparsely punctate. Propodeal triangle finely wrinkled (Fig.4B). Tergal apical margins depressed, translucent reddish- brownish (Fig.4C). Hind femora untoothed. Penis valves inner, club-like shaped apically. Gonostylus without proeminence on the outer margin (Fig.4D). Lenght: 10-12 mm.

Additional material: Vanatori Neamt Nature Park - M-rea Agapia, [47°10.362'N, 26°14.301'E], 27.VI.2002, 1♂, on Hieracium pilosella leg. Tomozei C D B. (Tomozei, 2005); Piatra Craiului National Park - Valea Bârsei [45° 33.519'N, 25°17.968'E], 22.VI.2003, 1♂, on Campanula persicifolia, leg. Tomozei B. (Tomozei, 2004). Distribution: Europe, Caucaz, North Africa, Asia Minor (Warncke & Palade, 1980). Previous records: Transilvania: Tihuţa (BN) (Mocsáry, 1900); Bistriţa (BN), 7.VIII.1918, 1♂, leg. M.A. (Pascu, 1996). Biology: Monovoltine, flight from June to August mainly in mountainous regions; oligolectic on E F Asteraceae.

Panurgus (Panurgus) dentipes Latreille, 1811 Fig. 3 - Structures of male Panurgus calcaratus Mocsáry (1897) recorded Panurgus dentipes (Scopoli , 1763). siculus from Mehadia (CS). Panurgus siculus A. Labrum; B. Antenna; C. Genitalia; D. Hind leg of Morawitz, 1872 is known to be endemic to Sicily male showing a toothlike proeminance on femur; E. (Warncke & Palade, 1980). Yet the specimen was Propodeal triangle; F. Metasomal terga (Drawings possible to belong to Panurgus dentipes, this species by Bogdan Tomozii). being already recorded from Hungary. In Romania the species was never recorded since then and its occurrence still needs to be confirmed.

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro References 1. MOCSÁRY A., 1897 - Fauna regni Hungariae. Animalium Hungariae hucusque cognitorum enumeratio systematica. 113 pp., 1 A Karte. [in Latin]. 2. MÓCZÁR M., HENTER P., 1907 - Újabb adatok Magyarország Hymenoptera - faunájához. Rovartani Lapok, 13: 200-209, Budapest [in Hungarian]. 3. PASCU M., 1996 - Catalogul Suprafamiliei Apoidea (Hymenoptera) din colecţiile Muzeului de Istorie Naturală Sibiu (I). Colletidae, B C Halictidae, Andrenidae, Melittidae, Megachilidae, Anthophoridae. Buletinul Informativ al Societăţii Lepidopterologice Române, 7(3-4): 283-296 [in Romanian]. 4. PATINY S., 1999 - Revision des Panurginae ouest-palearctiques n'appartenant pas à la tribu des Melitturgini Michener, 1944. Partie 1: Panurgus Panzer, 1806 et Camptopoeum Spinola, 1843 (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae). Entomofauna, 19: 309-328 [in French]. 5. ROZEN, J. G, Jr. 1967 - Review of the biology of panurgine bees, with observations on North American forms (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae). Am. Mus. Novit. 2297: 1 - 44 [in English]. 6. ROZEN J. G., 1971- Biology and Immature Stages of Moroccan Panurgine Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Am. Mus. Novit., 2457: 1 - 37 [in English]. 7. SZILADY Z., 1914 - Magyarországi rovgargyüjtésem jegyzéke. III, Hymenoptera. Rovartani Lapok, 21: 78-95 [in Hungarian]. D 8. TOMOZII B., 2004 - Preliminary data regarding Apoidea fauna (Hymenoptera) from the Piatra Craiului National Park. Research in Piatra Craiului National Park, 2: 183 - 186 [in English]. Fig. 4 - Structures of male Panurgus banksianus 9. TOMOZII B., 2005 - Contribution to the (Kirby, 1802). knowledge of Apoidea (Hymenoptera) from A. Labrum; B. Propodeal triangle; C. Metasomal Vanatori Neamt Natural Park. Studies and research terga; D. Genitalia (Drawings by Bogdan Tomozii). in Vânători Neamţ Natural Park, 1: 45-53 [in English]. Rezumat 10. WARNCKE K., 1972 – Westpaläarktische În România a fost raportată prezenţa a 3 Bienen der Unterfamilie Panurginae (Hym., specii aparţinând genului Panurgus: Panurgus Apidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologicze, Wroclaw, calcaratus, Panurgus banksianus şi Panurgus 42(1): 53-108 [in German]. dentipes. Existenţa speciei Panurgus dentipes în ţara 11.WARNCKE K., SCOBIOLA P. X., 1980 - noastră necesită încă a fi confirmată. Lucrarea Données sur les Hyménoptères Andrenidae prezintă diagnozele ilustrate ale speciilor Panurgus (Apoidea) de Roumanie. Travaux du Museum calcaratus și Panurgus banksianus, alături de d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa”, 21: 163-175 punctele de colectare ale acestora în România. [in French].

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STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI 2011 Vol. 24: 73 – 75

THE SCELIONIDS ( HYMENOPTERA, SCELIONIDAE) FROM THE FORESTS ECOSYSTEMS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Mariana Gîrneţ*

ABSTRACT

The results of this study is based on the researches that were efectuated in the forests ecosystems from the north, center and the south of the Republic of Moldova. In the result of the researches performed in different types of ecosystems were identified 53 species from 17 genera. The biggest diversity was recorded in the central part - 40 species, folllowed by the north of the republic – 33 species and in the south of the Republic of Moldova – 32 species.

Keywords: ecosystem, protected area, scelionids, invertebrate.

Introduction way. The biggest part was collected from the central The forest represents a natural ecosystem part of the Republic of Moldova. which includes flora, fauna and soil all together with In the northen region of the country the an entire complex of vertebrates and invertebrates, researches were carried out near the forests from the which have a major importance to maintain the villages Brânzeni and Brăneşti and the forests natural balance. There are many animal species, located along the banks of the river Nistru near the including invertebrates in the forests ecosystems. village Naslavcea. In this region are present different One of the basic problem of the forests is the forests communities, the most common are the oak knowledge and the conservation of their forests Quercus robur), hornbeam (Carpinus biodiversity. betulus), cerry (Cerasus avium) etc. The average of afforestation in Republic of In the center of the republic the collection Moldova is 9.6% thereby 7.2% in the north, 13 % in was carried out in the natural deciduous forests, the central part and 6.7% in the south of the which are characteristic for this region, near the republic. The areas occupied by the forests and villages Peresecina and Bahmut. The main species forests plantations consist of 325,4 ha. are the oak (Quercus robur), the sessile oak However we can not speak of intact forest (Quercus petraea), european beach (Fagus territories, because even the protected areas suffer sylvatica) mixed with hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), some changes due to the anthropogenic interventions ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and maple (Acer which affect directly natural forests and in result platanoides). influence on the normal development of insects. In the south of the republic the collection was In the north of the country are petrophyte carried out in two types of forests: in flooded forests forests of Quercus robur, the central part of the from the floodplain of the Lower Nistru near the country is occupied by the european deciduous villages Leuntea, Ciuburciu and Gradinita which are forests and in the south are fragments of forests composed of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in mixture steppe, xerophyte of Quercus pubescens. with oak (Quercus robur) and poplars (Plopus alba, P. nigra) and in fragments of subarid forests, with Material and methods mediterranean type of vegetation, in which the The study of insects was performed based on dominant species of tree are oak-pubescent (Quercus the route method in the forests ecosystems in the pubescens). north, center and south of the Republic of Moldova The collection was performed with the during the years 2006-2009. The volume and entomological net, by mowing the grass vegetation, number of the samples were collected in different followed by the selection of the hymenopteras with ______the exhauster. The collected hymenopteras in the * Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova field were immobilized immediately with eter. Then

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro they were mounted and labeled according to the Republic of Moldova, have been identified 53 entomological rules in the laboratory. species of scelionids from 17 genera. Data concerning the composition of species of scelionids Results (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) from the north, center In the result of the investigations caried out in and south of the Republic of Moldova are presented different types of forests ecosystems from the in the table.

Table 1. Species of scelionids (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) from the forests ecosystems of the Republic of Moldova.

North Center South Localities

Names of the species a ti ț ș ne dini ă Bahmut Bahmut Leuntea Br Brânzeni Brânzeni Gr ă Ciuburciu Ciuburciu Naslavcea Peresecina

1 Anteromorpha frequens + 2 Anteris simulans + + + 3 Apegus minor + 4 Apegus leptocerus + + + 5 Baeus siminulum + + + 6 Eremioscelio cultratus + + 7 Eremioscelio lymantriae + + 8 Eremioscelio ukrainica + 9 Scelio rugosulus + + + + + + + + 10 Scelio inermis + + 11 Gryon monspeliensis + + 12 Gryon muscaeformis + + + + + + + 13 Gryon reduviophagus + + + + 14 Gryon fasciatus + + + + 15 Gryon prolongatus + + 16 Trimorus arenicola + + + + 17 Trimorus bohemicus + 18 Trimorus biroi + + 19 Trimorus pallidimanus + + + + + 20 Trimorus elongatus + + + 21 Teleas rugosus + + + + + 22 Teleas reticulatus + + 23 Teleas lamellatus + + + 24 Teleas quinquespinosus + + + + 25 Idris krygeri + + + 26 Idris striativentris + + + + 27 Idris piceiventris + + + + 28 Idris coxalis + + + + 29 Telenomus acrobates + + + + + + + + 30 Telenomus chloropus + + + + + + + + 31 Telenomus dalmani + 32 Telenomus dissolcus + 33 Telenomus embolicus + + 34 Telenomus ocellatus +

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro 35 Telenomus laricis + 36 Telenomus tetratomus + + + 37 Telenomus macroceps + + 38 Telenomus nitidulus + + + + 39 Telenomus heydeni + + + + 40 Trissolcus kozlovi + 41 Trissolcus djadethko + + + + + 42 Trissolcus rufiventris + + + + + 43 Trissolcus semistriatus + + + 44 Trissolcus grandis + + + + + + 45 Trissolcus flavipes + + + + 46 Trissolcus volgensis + + + 47 Trissolcus vassilievi + + 48 Trissolcus viktorovi + + 49 Xenomerus ergenna + 50 Probaryconus spinosus + + + 51 Psilanteris bicolor + 52 Platytelenomus danubialis + + + 53 Macroteleia rufa +

The species Scelio rugosulus, Gryon pentru zona centrală – 40 de specii; urmează partea muscaeformis, Gryon reduviophagus, Gryon de nord a republicii – 33 de specii şi sudul cu 32 de fasciatus, Trimorus arenicola, Trimorus pallidimanus, specii. Teleas quinquespinosus, Idris striativentris, Idris piceiventris, Idris coxalis, Telenomus acrobates, References Telenomus chloropus, Telenomus nitidulus, Telenomus 1. GÎRNEŢ M. 2010 - New faunistic data heydeni, Trissolcus djadethko, Trissolcus rufiventris concerning scelionid family (Hymenoptera: and Trissolcus grandis are common for these 3 Scelionidae) from the Republic of Moldova. Studii regions, in total 17 species. The biggest diversity şi comunicări. Ştinţele naturii. Muzeul Olteniei was recorded in the central part - 40 species, Craiova, Tom. 26, No. 2, p. 107-111. folllowed by the north of the republic – 33 species 2. POSTALACHE Gh. 1995 - Vegetaţia and the southern part of the Republic of Moldova – Republicii Moldova. Chişinău. 340 p. 32 species. The most representative genus was 3. АНДРЕЕВ А.В., ГОРБУНЕНКО П.Г., Telenomus with 11 species, followed by Trissolcus - ЖУРМИНСКИЙ С.Д., ИЗВЕРСКАЯ Т.Д., 9 species, Gryon, Trimorus - 5 species, Teleas, Idris ЛОБЧЕНКО В.В., МУНТЯНУ А.И., РОТАРУ - 4 species, Eremioscelio – 3 species, Apegus and И.Е., ШАБАНОВА Г.А., СЫРОДОЕВ Г.Н. 2004 - Scelio – 2 species, genera Ateromorpha, Anteris, Научное обоснование создания национального Baeus, Xenomerus, Probaryconus, Psilanteris, парка «Nistrul de Jos» («Нижний Днестр»). Platytelenomus, Macroteleia with a single species. Интегрированное управление природными ресурсами трансграничного бассейна Днестра. Rezumat Chişinău, p.33-42. Lucrarea prezintă rezultatele cercetărilor 4. БУШМАКИУ Г., КАЛУСТРУ Л., realizate în perioada 2006-2009 privind diversitatea БАКАЛ С., ГЫРНЕЦ М. 2008 - Энтомофауна scelionidelor din ecosistemele forestiere din nordul, (Collembola, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera) centrul şi sudul Republicii Moldova. În total au fost прибрежных зон нежнего Днестра Республики identificate 53 de specii de scelionide ce aparţin la Молдова. Buletinul Academiei de Ştiinţe a 17 genuri. Cea mai mare diversitate s-a înregistrat Moldovei. Ştiinţele vieţii. p.107-114.

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STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI 2011 Vol. 24: 76 – 79

TROPHIC SPECTRUM OF LONG-EARED OWL (ASIO OTUS OTUS L.) IN NESTING PERIOD

VICTORIA NISTREANU*, VLAD POSTOLACHI*

ABSTRACT

The trophic spectrum of a family of long-eared owl in the northern part of the Republic of Moldova during nesting period was analyzed. The pellets were collected at the end of reproductive period from the nest and under it. A total of 59 pellets were analyzed. The mean number of individuals per pellets was 2.14, minimum – 1, maximum – 5, the size of pellets varied between 0.7cm and 4.5 cm. The main prey of Asio otus individuals was Microtus genus species (M. arvalis and M. rossiameridionalis), which constituted 73%, followed by species of genera Mus (M. spicilegus and M. musculus) and Apodemus (A. sylvaticus, A. uralensis and A. flavicollis). There was found one individual of Muscardinus avellanarius, which constituted less than 1%. Thus, the trophic spectrum of long-eared owl in breeding period consist mostly of field vole, which is the most abundant in agroecosystems and is considered pest species.

Key words: Asio otus, trophic spectrum, Microtus, pellets

Introduction start to leave the nest and at two months old they The long-eared owl (Asio otus otus L.) is one start to live independently. The fast growth of the of the most important rodent predators. In our nestlings is ensured by the intense feeding, provided country the long-eared owl is a sedentary bird and by both parents. one of the most wide spread bird of prey. The During the digestion process the owl nesting period begins usually in February-March, by regurgitate the undigerable rests of eaten animals occupying old nests of other bird species (common (bones, fur, feathers, insect chitin etc.) as pellets. raven, hooded crow, common magpie, some diurnal The study of the pellets provide important data birds of prey etc.). The clutch size is 4-5 eggs, concerning the diet of long-eared owl, the seldom 6-7 eggs, and the incubation period lasts 25– micromammal fauna in the area, the density of small 28 days. Only 2-3 fledglings survive in the first mammal species, their spreading etc. month of their life. After one month the nestlings

Fig. 1 – Long-eared owl (Asio otus otus L.) ______* Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of Moldova

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Material and methods Microtus arvalis and M. rossiaemeridionalis, Mus The pellets were collected in 2009 at the end musculus and M. spicilegus, which can’t be of nesting period after leaving the nest by young and differentiated morphologically were determined to adult individuals. The nest was located near Unguri genera: Microtus and Mus. The age of identified village (Ocnita district, north of R. Moldova) in a individuals was determined after the biometrical birch tree. The owl family consisted of adult male, measurements of skull bones and after the tooth wear. adult female and 2 nestlings. From the nest and under it a total of 59 pellets were collected and Results and discussions analyzed in laboratory. The pellets were measured The length of analyzed pellets (fig. 2) varied and weighed, the bones were cleaned and preserved from 0.7 to 4.5 cm with the average of 1.98 cm. in the laboratory collection. The small mammal After cleaning the bones a number of 126 species were determined after the dentition, individuals were registered. The number of maxillary and mandibulary bones (Pucek, 1981, individual per pellet varied from 1 to 5, the average Popescu and Murariu, 2001). The sibling species constituted 2.14 individuals.

Fig. 2 – Pellets of Asio otus of various form and size

The remains from pellets consisted only of Microtinae species (Nistreanu et al., 2011). Since the rodent individuals, belonging to 6 species from 4 first days of spring the trappability of rodent species genera: Microtus, Mus, Apodemus (A. sylvaticus, A. was rather high, of about 20-24% in agrocenoses, uralensis, A. flavicollis) and Muscardinus. The most reaching 46% in May-June period. In Microtinae abundant were the Microtus genus species, with 93 populations at the beginning of vegetation period a individuals, constituting 73.02% (fig.3). Mus genus density of 80-120 colonies per ha was registered on species constituted 11.11%, while the rest of the crop fields from the northern zone. Furthermore, the species had less than 10% (fig.3). Only one reproductive intensity of Microtus species in March individual of M. avellanarius was found in pellets, was very high (95% of reproductive females), which constituting less than 1%. The three species of favored the sharp increasing of species density Apodemus genus constituted about 15%, the toward the end of spring – beginning of summer in dominant being A. sylvaticus with 8.73%. optimal station, such as forage crops, fallow lands, The dominance index (Naughton-Wolf) of gramineae fields, abandonned lands etc., where the Microtus species in pellets constitute 0.83 and their Microtinae density reached 200-250 col./ha. The frequency is 89.83%, the species being found in density of M. spicilegus population on abandoned majority of studiet pellets. The frequency of Mus fields and in perrenial herbs at the beginning of species is of 20.34%, followed by 16.95% of A. spring was of 30-40 mounds per ha. The mound sylvaticus and 10.17% of A. uralensis. The leaving, the dispersal of individuals and reproductive frequency of A. flavicollis is less than 4%, the activity started in March and the dispersion process species being found in 2 pellets only, and of M of the species in adjacent agrocenoses is the highest avellanarius is 1.69%, being found in one pellet. in the first decade of May. In the studied year of 2009 there was a peak of rodent populations (fig. 4), especially if

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro 4.76 1.59 0.79 8.73

11.11

73.02

Microtus Mus A. sylvaticus A. uralensis A.flavicollis M.avellanarius

Fig. 3 – Trophic spectrum of Asio otus in the north of R. Moldova during nesting period

30 120 abundance repr.activity

25 100

20 80

15 60 abundance, %

10 40 reproductive females, %

5 20

0 0 A. sylvaticus A. flavicollis A. uralensis A. agrarius M. spicilegus Microtus C. glareolus Fig. 4 – Abundance and reproductive activity of rodent species in agricultral ecosystems of the republic in 2009

In spring period the high proportion of 2006), in Germany (Temme, 1990). Furthermore, subadult and juvenile rodent individuals is suitable the ratio of field voles in the diet of long-eared owl for feeding prey birds and their nestlings. The ratio is varying depending on their density in the field of subadult and juvenile individuals in pellets (Goszczynski, 1977; Korpimaki et Norrdahl, 1989). constituted 22.69%. In the field studies from spring The Microtus genus species are the preferred period the proportion of juveniles in rodent prey of long-eared owl due to several factors: they population constituted 5-15% in March-April and inhabit open type biotopes such as fields, pastures, increased to 40-50% in May-June. meadows, cultivated lands, fallow grounds, which The highest proportion of Microtus voles in represent the main hunting sectors of A. otus; the pellets during spring season was registered for other Microtinae prefers microhabitats with low regions of Europe: in Poland 67,96% (Romanowski herbaceous vegetation, which make the animals et Mihorski, 2008), in Romania (Benedek et Sarbu, exposed to avian predator attacks; gregarious 2010), in Slovenia 90% (Tome, 1994) in England behaviour and colony forming; alternating activity 79% (Village, 1981) in Western Finland 58% and resting periods during day and night; the high (Korpimaki, 1993), in Serbia 51.61% (Popovic et al., reproductive rate of the species. Therefore, the

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Microtus genus species represent an available and pădure constă preponderent din şoareci de câmp, abundant type of prey. care sunt şi cei mai abundenţi în agrocenoze şi sunt The trofic spectrum of long-eared owl in consideraţi specii dăunătoare. nesting period consists mostly of rodents, with the absolute dominance of Microtus genus species. The References high proportion of these harmful for agriculture 1. BENEDEK A.M., SARBU I., 2010 – species show the importance of A. otus species in Dynamics of Asio otus L., 1758 (Aves: Strigiformes) regulating filed vole number in agricultural and other winter-spring trophic regime in Western Plain open land ecosystems during reproduction period. (Romania). Trav. Mus. Nat. His. Nat. Gr. Antipa, Vol. 53, p. 479 – 487. Conclusions 2. KORPIMAKI, E., 1992 – Diet The length of pellets varied from 0.7 to 4.5 composition, prey choice, and breeding success of cm with the average of 1.98 cm. The number of Long-eared Owls: effects of multiannual fluctuations individual per pellet varied from 1 to 5, the average in food abundance. Can. J. Zool., 70, p. 2373-2381. constituted 2.14 individuals. 3. NISTREANU VICTORIA, A. SAVIN, The main prey were Microtus genus species, ALINA LARION, V. SÎTNIC, O. CHIHAI., 2011 – constituting 73.02% from all the rodents, with the Ecological aspects of rodent communities in dominance index of 0.83 and frequency of 89.83%. agrarian ecosystems of Moldova. Bulletin of The data of field studies prove the high density of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Microtinae in the spring-summer period of 2009 in Medicine Cluj-Napoca., 68(1), p. 272-276 agricultural ecosystems. 4. POPESCU A., MURARIU D., 2001 – The ratio of subadult and juvenile individuals Fauna României. Mammalia, Rodentia. Vol. XVI, in pellets constituted 22.69%, which correspond to the Fasc. 2, 210 pp. field studies, where the proportion of juveniles in 5. POPOVIC E. J., OLIVERA N., BJELIC- rodent population constituted 5-15% in March-April CABRILO K., R. TEPAVAC, 2006 – The fauna of and increased to 40-50% in May-June, due to high small mammals in the vicinity of Temerin (The reproductive activity. Vojvodina province). Proc. Nat. Sci, Matica Srpska The high proportion of harmful for Novi Sad., 110, p. 55-60. agriculture Microtus species in the diet of long-eared 6. PUCEK Z. (red.), 1981 – Keys to owl prove its importance in regulating filed vole vertebrate of Poland. Mammals. PWN – Polish number in agricultural and other open land Scientific Publishers – Warszava, , 370 pp. ecosystems during reproductive period. 7. ROMANOWSKI J., MIHORSKI M., 2008 – Effect of season, weather and habitat on diet Rezumat variation of a feeding specialist: a case study of the A fost analizat spectrul trofic al unei familii long-eared owl, Asio otus in Central Poland. Folia de ciufi de pădure în partea de nord a Republicii Zool., 57(4), p. 411–419. Moldova în timpul perioadei nidicole. Ingluviile au 8. TOME D.N., 1994 – Diet composition of fost colectate după cuibărit din interiorul cuibului şi the long-eared owl in Central Slovenia: seasonal sub el. Au fost colecate si analizate 59 de ingluvii. variation in prey use. J Raptor Res., 28(4), p. 253-258. Numărul mediu de indivizi per ingluvie a fost de 9. VILLAGE A., 1981 – The diet and 2,14, minimum – 1, maximum – 5, lungimea breeding of Long-eared Owls in relation to vole ingluviilor a variat între 0,7 cm şi 4,5 cm. Hrana de numbers. Bird Study, 28 (3), p. 214-224. bază a indivizilor de Asio otus o constituie speciile 10. GOSZCZYNSKI J., 1977 – Connection genului Microtus (M. arvalis şi M. between predatory birds and mammals and their rossiameridionalis), care au constituit 73%, urmate prey. Acta Theriol., 22(30), p. 399-430. de speciile genului Mus (M. spicilegus şi M. 11. KORPIMAKI E., NORRDAHL K., 1989 musculus) şi Apodemus (A. sylvaticus, A. uralensis şi – Avian and mammalian predators of shrews in A. flavicollis). A fost găsit doar un infivid de Europe: regional differences, between year and Muscardinus avellanarius, ceea ce a constituit mai seasonal variation and mortality due to predation. puţin de 1%. Astfel, spectrul trofic al ciufului de Ann. Zool. Fenn., 26(4), p. 389-400.

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STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI 2011 Vol. 24: 80 – 85

SPREADING, BIOTOPIC DISTRIBUTION AND DYNAMICS OF CROCIDURA SHREW SPECIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

VICTORIA NISTREANU*

ABSTRACT

The studies were accomplished between 2003-2010 in various natural and anthropogenic ecosystem types from different parts of Republic of Moldova. Both Crocidurinae species (Crocidura leucodon and C. suaveolens) were recorded in many of studied natural and anthropogenic biotopes. In the southern zone of Moldova the species were registered in natural reserves, in swampy sectors, in humid ditches with hygrophilous vegetation, in woods, at forest edges and in forest shelter belts, in reed vegetation.and in agroecosystems mostly near water basins. In the center of the republic the species are wide spread in Codri and Plaiul Fagului reserves in various types of biotopes. The species were also recorded on river and lake banks, in woods, in humid ditches with hydrophilous vegetation, as well as in more arid biotopes, including urban ones. In the northern zone both species are wide spread on the territory of Pădurea Domnească reserve in majority of studied ecosystems. They were also registered in woods, forest edges, acacia stands, insular forests, near aquatic basins (ponds, lakes, fish farms, rivers), as well as in various types of agroecosystems. We have to mention the high abundance of bicolour white-toothed shrew in the last several years. It was recorded not only in natural and wet biotopes, but also in more arid ones, in agocenoses and in urban ecosystems.

Keywords: white-toothed shrew, lesser shrew, distribution, spreading, dynamics

Introduction Moldova the studies were performed in Soroca, The shrews of genus Crocidura are among Râşcani, Briceni, Glodeni, Edineţ, Rezina, Drochia, the smallest mammals in the world, but they have an Făleşti, Ocniţa districts, in the centre of the republic important role in nature and in human environment: – in Orhei, Străşeni, Călăraşi, Ungheni, Nisporeni, they use for food different invertebrates, reptiles and Anenii-Noi, Criuleni districts and Chisinau city with small rodents, at their turn they serve as trophic suburbs; in the southern region in Ştefan-Vodă, source for many bird and mammalian predators. Căuşani, Cahul, Cantemir. The studies also included The stdues of shrew populations started in natural forest and landscape reserves: „Codri”, 60’s and 70’s (Lozan, 1975; 1979). Since the 80’s „Plaiul Fagului”, „Pădurea Domnească” and „Prutul the study on this group was practically abandoned. de Jos. The shrew species were collected with snap- Only some data on the occurrence of shrew species traps and fall traps. The data were statistically can be found in several papers (Averin et al., 1984; processed using the indexes of trappability, Munteanu & Savin, 1990; Mihailenco, 1996, abundance, frequency. The importance of Crocidura Munteanu, 2005; 2007). In the last decade such species in ecosystems was emphasized by aspects as spreading, ecology, morphology, biology calculating the ecological significance. The species of shrew species were emphasized. The paper with the significance less than 1% was considered presents the dynamics and actual state of shrew accidental; 1.1-5% – accessory; 5.1-10% – species of genus Crocidura on the territory of the characteristic and W>10% – constant for the studied Republic Moldova. biocenosis. The multiannual dynamics of Crocidura shrew species populations was emphasized. Material and methods The material was collected between 2003- Results and discussions 2010 in various ecosystems from the whole territory Both species of Crocidura genus (C. leucodon and C. suaveolens) are rather spread on the ______* Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, territory of the R. Moldova (Nistreanu et al., 2011b). Academiei str.1, off.422, Chisinau, MD-2028, R. Moldova They were registered in the northern, central and phone: +373 22 739786; fax: +373 22 739809, e-mail: southern zones of Moldova (fig. 1). The studied [email protected] species were found in all the forest and landscape of the Republic of Moldova. In the northern zone of reserves and in protected areas. In steppe zones of

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Bugeac and Balti the shrews are very rare. In the part of the republic. Along with natural ecosystems northern zone of Moldova the bicolor shrew was it can be met in various types of agricultural, rural found in Briceni, Ocnita, Glodeni and Edinet and urban ecosystems. It was recorded in Padurea districts in woods, in forest plantations and near Domneasca reserve, in Glodeni, Edinet, Briceni, water basins, as well as in Padurea Domneasca Drochia and Rezina districts in various types of reserve. The lesser shrew is more frequent forest ecosystems, agrocenoses and in rural (F=17.8%) and has a larger spreading in the northern environment near aquatic sources.

Crocidura leucodon

Crocidura suaveolens

Fig. 1 – Distribution of C. leucodon and C. suaveolens on the territory of R. Moldova

In the south of the republic both species were Landscape Reserve, where they find favorable life recorded in Stefan Voda, Cantemir and Causani conditions: abundant shrub vegetation, well districts in forest ecosystems: woods, forest edges, developed herbaceous vegetation and litter and the forest plantations and shelter belts, as well as near proximity of various water basins (rivers, rivulets, forest water sources and in humid gullies with ponds, lakes). hygrophilous vegetation near the roads. The species The white toothed shrews are more are rather well represented near large water basins anthropophylous than other shrew species. Therefore from the south of the republic – Manta and Beleu they were often recorded in rural and urban areas, lakes from Cahul district and are spread all over the being dominant among all shrew species with total territory of Prutul de Jos reserve. abundance of over 70%. In Chisinau city and its In the central region the species were suburbs the species were registered mostly in wetland recorded in Chishinau suburbs near Danceni, ecosystems (paludous and riparian), in people’s Ialoveni and Sociteni localities in forest ecosystems, gardens situated near Byc river, city parks, at forest edges that are rather affected by human cemeteries, food storage yards. In city parks, in recreational activity. In Orhei, Hancesti, Calarasi, cemeteries and in fields, placed mostly in suburbs, Ungheni district the shrews were found in woods, only C. suaveolens was recorded, while along forest plantations and shelter belts, in urban waysides (railway) only C. leucodon. In yards of food environment and in agrocenoses (abandoned lands, storage both Crocidura species were found (Tikhonov orchards, vineyards). The species are spread in forest et al., 2009; 2010; Nistreanu et al., 2011a). reserves of Codri, Plaiul Fagului and in Trebujeni

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro The distribution of the white toothed shrews woods of the northern part and in forest reserve in the ecosystems of the three studied zones of R. “Padurea Domneasca” both species were recorded Moldova was studied (fig. 2). Thus, in small insular with rather low abundance (C. leucodon with woods of the northern part and in forest reserve 10.53% and C. suaveolens with 5.26%). In “Padurea Domneasca” both species were recorded agricultural ecosystems the situation is different: C. with rather low abundance (C. leucodon with suaveolens has an abundance of more than 50% and 10.53% and C. suaveolens with 5.26%). In high frequency, while C. leucodon constitute less agricultural ecosystems the situation is different: C. than 5% among all shrew species. In wet ecosystems suaveolens has an abundance of more than 50% and (mostly paludous and swampy) the abundance of high frequency, while C. leucodon constitute less lesser shrew is almost twice higher than of bicolor than 5% among all shrew species. In wet ecosystems shrew (25.42% and 13.56%) and both species (mostly paludous and swampy) the abundance of constituted almost 40% of shrew population. lesser shrew is almost twice higher than of bicolor Both species were rather abundant in all shrew (25.42% and 13.56%) and both species studied ecosystems from the central zone. In forest constituted almost 40% of shrew population. biotopes, forest stands, at forest edges and in wet Both species were rather abundant in all ecosystems their abundance varied between 16% studied ecosystems from the central zone. In forest and 27%, C.suaveolens being more frequent (38%). biotopes, forest stands, at forest edges and in wet The most spread and abundant both species are in ecosystems their abundance varied between 16% agroecosystems from the center of the republic, and 27%, C.suaveolens being more frequent (38%). which include abandoned agricultural lands, fallow The most spread and abundant both species are in grounds, orchards, gardens, edges of sectors agroecosystems from the centre of the republic, cultivated with rape, alfalfa, cereals and forage which include abandoned agricultural lands, fallow crops. In such biotopes the most abundant was C. grounds, orchards, gardens, edges of sectors leucodon with more than 63%, C suaveolens cultivated with rape, alfalfa, cereals and forage reaching 22%, both species constituting more than crops. In such biotopes the most abundant was C. 80% of shrew population. leucodon with more than 63%, C suaveolens In the southern zone the highest number of reaching 22%, both species constituting more than Crocidura shrews was recorded in forest ecosystems 80% of shrew population. and constituted more than half of shrew population, In the southern zone the highest number of while in agricultural ecosystems the species were Crocidura shrews was recorded in forest ecosystems registered in small percent, probably, because of and constituted more than half of shrew population, more arid conditions in comparison to other parts of while in agricultural ecosystems the species were the country and many steppe territories. In paludous registered in small percent, probably, because of more biotopes the lesser shrew was well represented arid conditions in comparison to other parts of the (20.97%), while C. leucodon constituted less than country and many steppe territories. In paludous 4% (fig. 2). biotopes the lesser shrew was well represented Some ecological indexes of Crocidura (20.97%), while C. leucodon constituted less than 4% communities were analyzed in the studied zones, (fig. 2). The white toothed shrews are more such as abundance, frequency and ecological anthropophylous than other shrew species. Therefore significance (fig. 3). All indexes are the highest in they were often recorded in rural and urban areas, the central part of the republic, where there is a being dominant among all shrew species with total larger variety of biotopes by comparing with other abundance of over 70%. In Chisinau city and its zones, including several forest and landscape suburbs the species were registered mostly in wetland reserves, protected areas, which provide favorable ecosystems (paludous and riparian), in people’s life conditions: abundant shrub vegetation, well gardens situated near Byc river, city parks, developed herbaceous vegetation and litter, cemeteries, food storage yards. In city parks, in containing rich trophic resources, and good humidity cemeteries and in fields, placed mostly in suburbs, conditions. only C. suaveolens was recorded, while along After analyzing the shrew distribution in the waysides (railway) only C. leucodon. In yards of food three zones of the Republic of Moldova it can be storage both Crocidura species were found (Tikhonov seen that both species are most numerous and spread et al., 2009; 2010; Nistreanu et al., 2011a). in the central part, C. leucodon being more The distribution of the white toothed shrews numerous (61.64%) than C. suaveolens (47.62%). In in the ecosystems of the three studied zones of R. the south the species abundance is almost equal Moldova was studied (fig. 2). Thus, in small insular (23.29% and 21.43%), but much lower than in the

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro centre of the country. In the north C. leucodon is region, while in the southern and northern parts about two times less abundant than C. suaveolens some areas are not suitable at all for shrew (15.07% and 30.95%). The higher abundance of the occurrence, such as steppe zones (Bugeac in south, shrews in the central part of he republic is due to the Balti in north) and large territories of arid pastures. higher number of studied biotopes, but also to the much wider variety of ecosystem types in central

70 70 C. leucodon 60 C. suaveolens 60

no of shrews ind. no of

abundance, % abundance, 50 50

40 40

30 30

20 20

10 10

0 0 forest agro wet ecos. forest agro wet ecos. forest agro wet ecos. north center south

Fig. 2 – Structure of shrew communities in various ecosystems of the studied zones of R. Moldova

70 north center south

26.5 30 25.71

10 5.51 1.46 2.98 3.41

0 abundance frequency ecol. sign. abundance frequency ecol. sign.

C. leucodon C. suaveolens

Fig. 3 – Ecological indexes of the studied species in different zones of R. Moldova

The evaluation of the ecological significance In the past century both Crocidura species of studied species in the three zones of Moldova were rather rare and were recorded in more arid established that only in central part both white biotopes, such as fields, pastures, abandoned lands, toothed shrew species are constant (over 25%) in the slopes with herbaceous or bush vegetation. C. majority of biotopes, while in the northern and suaveolens was more abundant and frequent, southern parts they are accessory (less than 5%), reaching less than 20% from the shrew community, being characteristic only in forest reserves (between while C. leucodon was registered only in few natural 6% and 9%). ecosystems with very low abundance, less than 10%.

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro In bibliographic sources before 2000 only some data In the new century the structure of shrew about its occurrence in Codri forest reserve were community changed and starting with 2003 the found (Lozan, 1975; 1979, Mihailenco, 1996, modifications of shrew communities qualitative and Averin et al., 1984), where it was recorded in forest quantitative composition all over the territory of ecosystems, meadows and pastures of the reserve. Moldova were registered (Nistreanu, 2011). The species was very rare in the past century and Therefore, the proportion of Crodura genus species since the 80’s its number decreased more, so it was within the whole shrew population and its variations included in the Red Book of Moldova, 2nd edition as in time could be emphasized (fig.4). critically endangered.

70 120 C. leucodon 60 C. suaveolens total no of shrews 100 abundance, % abundance, 50 shrews of no 80

40 60 30

40 20

10 20

0 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fig. 4 – Dynamics of Crocidura species in the last years

In the first years of study 2003-2007 the spread and abundant both species are in proportion of bicolor white toothed shrew was rather agroecosystems from the centre of the republic, low and varied from 2 to about 10% from the whole where they constitute more than 80% of shrew shrew population, except 2005, when it reached population. The lesser shrew is the most more than 20%. In the last years of study the species anthropophylous species among shrews, its had a rather high abundance, reaching its maximum frequency in urban and rural area reaching 80%. The in 2009 with more than 35%. The lesser shrew was steppe zones and large territories of arid pastures are present and rather well represented in all the studied not suitable for shrews. years. Its abundance variation is more smooth, The ecological significance of studied species reaching the peak of its density in 2010, when it in the three zones of Moldova is constant only in represented more than 60% from the shrew central part (more than 25%), in the majority of population. It can be seen that during the last several biotopes, while in the northern and southern parts years the proportion of Crocidura genus species they are accessory (less than 5%), being related to the entire shrew population increased from characteristic only in forest reserves (between 6% less than 10% to almost half and reached its and 9%). maximum in 2010, when constituted more than 80%. The dynamics of Crocidura species communities showed their significant increasing in the last years. Conclusions The bicolor white-toothed shrew, which was an The white toothed and lesser shrews are endangered species, became one of the most rather spread on the territory of Republic of common among shrews in the last years. The lesser Moldova in natural, as well as in agrocenoses and shrew was well represented in all the studied years urban environment. The species were registered in and its abundance variation is more smooth. The humid and in more arid habitats: in forest biotopes, white toothed and lesser shrews are vulnerable and forest stands, plantations, at forest edges, in need further study and protection. paludous and riparian habitats, pastures, meadows, in various types of agricultural lands. The most

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Rezumat and sustainable use of the animal world diversity”. Cercetările au fost efectuate între anii 2003- Chisinau, p. 44-45. 2010 în diverse tipuri de ecosisteme naturale şi 5. Nistreanu V., Savin A., Burlacu V., Larion antropogene pe tot teritoriul Republicii Moldova. A., Caraman N., Corcimaru N., Burduniuc O. Ambele specii de Crocidurinae (Crocidura leucodon Distribution of shrews from genus Crocidura on the şi C. suaveolens) au fost înregistrate în multe dintre territory of Republic of Moldova. Academician Leo biotopurile studiate. În zona de sud speciile au fost Berg – 135: Collection of Scientific Articles. semnalate în rezervaţii naturale, în ecosisteme de Bender, 2011, p. 350-353. baltă, în şanţuti umede cu vegetaţie higrofilă, în 6. АВЕРИН Ю.В., МУНТЯНУ А.И., păduri, la liziere şi în perdele forestiere, în ЧЕГОРКА П.Т., ГАВРИЛЕНКО В.С., ЛУНКАШУ agrocenoze situate în apropierea surselor acvatice. În М.И., САВИН А.И., 1984 – Млекопитающие. centrul republicii speciile sunt larg răspândite în «Природа Заповедника Кодры». Кишинэу rezervaţiile Codri şi Plaiul Fagului în majoritatea «Штиинца», с.57-64. biotopurilor. În agrocenozele din centru aceste specii 7. ЛОЗАН М.Н., 1975 – Насекомоядные s-au dovedit a fi cele mai abundente şi răspândite, млекопитающие Молдавии (Insectivora, unde constituie cca 80% din populaţia de chiţcani. În Mammalia). Экология птиц и млекопитающих nord spceiile sunt larg răspândite pe teritoriul Молдавии. Кишинэу «Штиинца», с. 96-118. rezervaţiei Pădurea Domnească. În localităţi au fost 8. ЛОЗАН М.Н., 1979 – Насекомоядные. semnalate ambele specii, însă chiţcanul de grădină, Млекопитающие. «Животный мир Молдавии». care este cea mai antropofilă specie printre chiţcani, Кишинэу «Штиинца», с. 25-40. atinge abundenţa de 80%. Semnificaţia ecologică a 9. МИХАЙЛЕНКО А., 1996 – Грызуны и speciilor studiate este constantă doar în zona centrală насекомоядные заповедников Молдовы. Simpozion a republicii (peste 25%), iar în nord şi sud acestea jubiliar “Rezervaţia naturală “Codrii” - 25 ani. sunt specii accesorii (sub 5%). Dinamica speciilor Realizări, probleme, perspective” p.40-41. denotă creşterea semnificativă a frecvenţei şi 10. МУНТЯНУ А.И., САВИН А.И., 1992 – abundenţei acestora în ultimii 10 ani. Млекопитающие. «Фауна биоценотических оазисов и ее практическое значение». Кишинэу References «Штиинца», стр. 179-202. 1. MUNTEANU A., 2005 – Mamifere. 11. TIKHONOV I.А., KOTENKOVA E.V., Natura Rezervaţiei „Plaiul Fagului”, p. 244-265. USPENSKAIA I.G., KONOVALOV IU.N., 2. MUNTEANU A., 2007 – Componenţa şi BURLACU V.I., BENES O.A., GHEORGHITA distribuţia spaţială a speciilor de micromamalii în S.D., CARAMAN N.C., TIKHONOVA G.N., rezervaţia ştiinţifică „Pădurea Domnească”. Conf. HRYSTIN V.A., NISTREANU V.B., MUNTEANU VI a Zoologilor din Moldova, Chişinău, p. 39-41. A.I., 2009 – Rodents and Insectivora of unbuilding 3. NISTREANU V. 2011 – Multiannual territories of city Kishinev. Proceedings of 4th dynamics of shrew (Mammalia, Soricomorpha, International Scientific-Practical Conference Soricidae) communities in Republic of Moldova. “Urboecosystems: problems and Prospects of Oltenia Journal for Studies in Natural Sciences, vol. Development”, Ishim, 19-20 March, с. 310-315. 27(2), p. 140-144. 12. ТИХОНОВ И.А., МУНТЯНУ А.И., 4. NISTREANU V., BURLACU V., УСПЕНСКАЯ И.Г., КОНОВАЛОВ Ю.Н., CARAMAN N., BURDUNIUC O., 2011 – Shrew БУРЛАКУ В.И., КАРАМАН Н.К., НИСТРЕАНУ species (Soricomorpha, Soricidae) in urban В.Б., ТИХОНОВА Г.Н., КОТЕНКОВА Е.В., 2010 ecosystems of Chisinau city and its suburbs. – Биотопическое распределение, структура International Conference of Zoologists dedicated to популяций и некоторые особенности размножения the 50th anniversary from the foundation of Institute мелких млекопитающих г. Кишинева // Поволж. of Zoology of ASM “Actual problems of protection экол. журн. № 4. С. 404-415.

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STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI 2011 Vol. 24: 86 – 87

ASPECTS CONCERNING THE DIVERSITY OF RODENTS (MAMMALIA: RODENTIA) FROM AN ALFALFA CROP (BÂRSĂNEŞTI COMMUNE, BACĂU COUNTY, ROMANIA) (II)

DALIA PARASCHIV*

ABSTRACT

The diversity of rodents in the alfalfa crop from the Bârsăneşti commune, Bacău County, was studied during April – October 2008, 2009 and 2010. In the researched alfalfa crop, we captured 133 individuals belonging to Rodentia Order: 56 individuals in 2008, 41 in 2009 and 36 in 2010. Systematically, the individuals belong to 2 families, 6 genera and 9 species. Among these only one species is euconstant – Microtus arvalis. The species Apodemus flavicollis, Mus spicilegus, Microtus arvalis and Apodemus sylvaticus were identified as eudominant and specific to this type of ecosystem. The most obvious cenotic affinity is between the Microtus arvalis and Apodemus flavicollis species (70%).

Keywords: rodents, alfalfa crop, Bârsăneşti Commune

Introduction the field in the form of a net, at a distance of 10 m The Bârsăneşti village is situated in the South from each other, 3 days consecutively on each East of Bacău County, on the ridge between Tazlău month (4). Thus, for each year of study 7 samples and Trotuş rivers at the junction of the 46º20' lat. N were analysed and 21 samples for the whole period parallel with the 26º40' long. E meridian. From a of study. physical and geographical point of view, it is The material was determined by using the situated in the Moldavian Subcarpathians, at the specialty literature (2,3). junction of Berzunţi Mountains, Trotuş Besides the total number of individuals and Subcarpathians and the Tazlău-Oneşti-Caşin the total number of species we evaluated the depression. The maximum altitude is found in its diversity according the Simpson, Shannon-Wiener north-eastern part i.e. Berzunţi ridge (Măgura index and the Lloyd-Ghelardi equitability (5). summit – 982 m). The climate is continental – temperate. The average annual temperature is 9,3 ºC Results and discussions and the annual precipitations have a 591,8 mm In our research (during 2008 – 2010) we annual average. captured 133 individuals belonging to Rodentia The vegetal layer is represented by various Order: 56 individuals in 2008, 41 in 2009 and 36 in vegetal associations such as: Festucetum sulcatae 2010. From a systematical point of view, the Burduja et.collab. 56, Andropogonetum ischaemi individuals belong to 2 families, 6 genera and 9 Krist 33, Chrysopogonetum grylli Soó 39, species. In table 1 we present the species identified Sisiymbrio- Artemisietum absinthii I. Pop 69, in the investigated agroecosystem, for each year of Lycietum halimifolii Felföldy 42 (1). study and for the whole period of study. The synecological analysis for the 9 rodent Material and methods species identified in the 21 samples analysed during The diversity of rodents in the alfalfa crop in the 3 years of study (2008, 2009 and 2010) is shown the Bârsăneşti commune, Bacău county, was studied in table 2. According to data in this table only 1 during April – October 2008, 2009 and 2010. The species is euconstant (Microtus arvalis), 2 is material was captured by using 50 live traps laid on constant (Apodemus flavicollis and Mus spicilegus), 2 are accesory (Apodemus sylvaticus and Mus ______musculus) and the other 4 species are accidental. *”Ion Borcea” Natural Science Museum Complex Bacău – Regarding dominance, the results indicate 4 Vivarium Department, Popa Şapcă, no. 3, Bacău, [email protected] eudominant species (Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus sylvaticus, Mus spicilegus, Microtus

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro arvalis) and 1 dominant species (Mus musculus). To To underline the cenotic affinities among the these there can be added 2 subdominant species 9 rodent species we found is necessary to calculate (Pitymys subterraneus and Apodemus agrarius) and the similarity index (Table 3). On the basis of this 1 subrecedent species (Rattus norvegicus). index values we were able to realize the dendrogram The index of ecological significance (W) in Figure 1 which graphically illustrates the affinities indicates 4 characteristic species (eudominant) among species. which are best accomodated to the ecological factors According to this dendrogram the most in this type of ecosystem. obvious cenotic affinity is between the species Microtus arvalis and Apodemus flavicollis - 70%.

Table 1 - Species of rodents colected in the alfalfa crop (Bârsăneşti, Bacău County)

Number of individuals Total No. Family Species 2008 2009 2010 1 Arvicolidae Pitymys subterraneus 2 1 1 4 (De Sélys-Longchamps, 1836) 2 Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1779) 16 7 4 27 3 Muridae Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) 1 0 0 1 4 Mus musculus (Linnaeus, 1758) 5 4 4 13 5 Mus spicilegus (Nordmann, 1840) 10 6 15 31 6 Apodemus agrarius (Pallas, 1771) 0 2 1 3 7 Apodemus flavicollis (Melchior, 1834) 12 19 2 33 8 Apodemus sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758) 9 1 9 19 9 Micromys minutus (Pallas, 1841) 1 1 0 2 Total 56 41 36 133

Conclusions Ordinului Rodentia: 56 de exemplare în 2008, 41 în 1. During the April-October period of the 2009 şi 36 în 2010. Sistematic, indivizii fac parte din years 2008, 2009 and 2010 in the alfalfa 2 familii, 6 genuri şi 9 specii. Dintre aceste specii crop in Bârsăneşti village, Bacău County, doar una este euconstantă - Microtus arvalis. there were captured 133 individuals Speciile Apodemus flavicollis, Mus spicilegus, belonging to Rodentia order: 56 individuals Microtus arvalis şi Apodemus sylvaticus au fost in 2008, 41 in 2009 and 36 in 2010. From a identificate ca eudominante şi specifice acestui tip systematical point of view, the individuals de ecosistem. Afinitatea cenotică cea mai mare este belong to 2 families, 6 genera and 9 între speciile Microtus arvalis şi Apodemus species. flavicollis (70%), aceste specii fiind identificate în 2. For the researched agroecosystem there majoritatea probelor analizate. were identified only 1 species euconstant (Microtus arvalis) and 4 eudominant References species (Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus 1. BARABAŞ N. 1978. Noi contribuţii la studiul sylvaticus, Mus spicilegus, Microtus arvalis). florei şi vegetaţiei din bazinul Tazlăului. Studii şi 3. The species characteristic to the researched comunicări, Muzeul de Ştiinţele Naturii, Bacău: alfalfa crop are the 4 eudominant ones, the 163-192. Rattus norvegicus species being subrecedent. 2. IONESCU V. 1968. Vertebratele din România, 4. The greatest cenotical affinity is established Edit. Academiei R.S.R, Bucureşti: 424-443. between the Microtus arvalis and 3. POPESCU ALEXANDRINA & MURARIU D. Apodemus flavicollis species (70%). 2001. Rodentia. Mammalia. In: Fauna României, Edit. Academiei Române, Bucureşti, 16 (2): 1-214. Rezumat 4. SIMIONESCU V. 1984. Lucrări practice de Diversitatea rozătoarelor în cultura de ecologie, Edit. Universităţii „Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi: 75-87. lucernă din comuna Bârsăneşti, judeţul Bacău, a fost 5. VARVARA M., ZAMFIRESCU ŞT., NEACŞU P. studiată în perioada aprilie – octombrie a anilor 2001. Lucrări practice de ecologie-manual, Edit. 2008, 2009 şi 2010. În cultura de lucernă cercetată, Universităţii „Al. I. Cuza”. Iaşi: 100-113. au fost capturaţi 133 de indivizi aparţinând

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STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI 2011 Vol. 24: 88 – 92

PART III – MUSEOGRAPHY

REFLECTIONS THROUGH TIME: MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCES FROM BACAU

DANIEL-ŞTEFAN GHIURCĂ * FLORIN-CĂTĂLIN TOFAN *

ABSTRACT

Since 1959, when it was founded a science department, until 2007, when they opened a series of temporary exhibitions in the new headquarters and museum of modern science Cancicov Park, many cultural and file were paraded before the public Bacau. Using modern information multimedia technology, authors, curators at the Museum of Natural Sciences of Bacau, have made an application installed on touchscreen will always offer the visitors a picture of all activities of the museum during this time period. Wealth of images and video effects complete aesthetic and technical innovation, offering visitors a consistent and attractive documentary material.

Keywords: natural museum history, touchscreen, software, interactive.

„Time is a beast that has endless patience to for the final product: ease to use, stability in swallow everything.” (Octavian Paler) operation and attractive graphics design, all done „The time erase... Yes, but he knows how to with minimal costs. In order to satisfy the desire of keep, like no other, which should not be lost.”(Amza the minimum cost was required extensive Pellea) documentation on the types of software licenses and a comprehensive study of existing offers. Copyright Introduction license means maintaining a product in the context The authors of this paper were made to the of providing certain permissions to users using the visitors a concise and richly illustrated history of product. There are several types of license: GPL, what was Museum of Natural Sciences of Bacau BSD, MIT, Apache, Creative Commons, Open from its inception until 2007. Concise, because time Source, etc. The author who dealt with the concept is a valuable resource for both curator and for the and technical achievement, curator eng. Florin- visitors. Richly illustrated, because pleasuring the Cătălin Tofan, tried to focus as much as possible to eye is the way to delight the soul and mind opening. type Open Source, which although is free involves Besides these two, enjoying the benefits of modern often products that are unfinished or beta version. technology, it added another important feature: Found and used technological solution involves interactivity. Thus, it is given to the visitor the using a mix of applications and scripts, which opportunity to interact with the software installed on finally led to a technological solution as a stable your computer via touchscreen. application, compact, with a uniform look and easy to use graphical interface, even by people who do Material and methods not have experience in using a personal computer. From initial documentation through to final The application employs a logical scheme and use product, ready for use by visitors, were crossed of programming languages evolved enough to allow several steps, grouped in a logical algorithm. It took high-efficiency performance of an application. also a large investment in research, technological However, to finish GUI (Graphic User Interface) creativity and innovation to meet the requirements and photo processing, has been used extensively the software Adobe Photoshop, for which the institution ______has license. Although application code allows use of * „Ion Borcea” Natural Sciences Museum, Aleea Parcului No. 9, flash files, is not based on Flash technology because Bacau, Romania. it involves the use of licensed commercial version,

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro which imply high costs. It is used instead the player On the exhibition, in 1961 it is opened the for flash files, player freely distributed by Adobe. first temporary exhibition located in no. 20 Documentation, structuring information and Marasesti St., in a small space of only 50 square beta testing of the application was made by biologist meters, with the themes of cosmology and and curator dr. Daniel-Ştefan Ghiurcă. Teamwork evolution. has relieved much of the work and offered a The year 1964 brings separation of guarantee to achieve robust and attractive department of science from Regional Complex and application. its establishment as a museum, stand-alone unit, located in the former home of Criste Cristoveanu, located in no. 2 Karl Marx Street, the former Busuioc St. The permanent exhibition opening was made in 1966 and had a complex topic, on the presentation of the scientific issues of cosmology, evolution, the richness of flora and fauna, to the transformation of nature by man. The exhibition has enjoyed since the opening of a large influx of visitors.

The visitor who accesses the application discover that the first science department in Bacau was established in 1959 under a Regional Complex located on no. 20 Balcescu Street. Here is held the first exhibition themed on natural monuments, exhibition made with borrowed pieces from Adjud Hunting Branch and the Natural History Museum in Iasi. Modest exhibition space consisting of just two rooms, has been furnished to accommodate a temporary exhibition. Now is starting up a In presenting this exhibition on the collection of butterflies and are made the first steps touchscreen we appeal to a range of digital effects in collecting field. For storage of collected material for “sweetening” the contrast of black and white it is organized an properly mobile collection, which photos, made by technology based on silver salts. will form the core collection with the acquisition of The austerity imposed by Ceausescu’s over 300 specimens of micro and macro Lepidoptera dictatorial regime strikes the cultural institutions, belonging to A. Alexinschi collection. which will pass through a tumultuous period. The The period between 1960 and 1963 is year 1979 brings reintegration of science museum in characterized by accumulation of a vast material of Museum Complex of Bacau, with history museum, entomology, botany and vertebrates, plus purchases museum of art and ethnography, that in 1984 the of more than 10,000 specimens of molluscs from science department to move in its new headquarters Popescu Gorj, 300 casts of prehistoric animals and in No. 44 Gh. Vranceanu St. Only after the birds from the sculptor C. Borczinschi, 12 panels on revolution, in 1990, science department manages to the origin of the animal kingdom executed by Hans become again Museum of Natural Sciences of Herman of Sibiu, 46 cosmogony panels made of Bacau. Plastic Fund in Bucharest, as well as over 400 The headquarter found in Gh. Vranceanu naturalized pieces purchased from hunting branches Street will house the Museum of Natural Sciences from Vatra Dornei, Falticeni and Suceava. Over until 2007. During this period there will be a 1,000 specimens were collected with the support of permanent exhibition, with a complex topic and a group of volunteer students. Now begins the many temporary exhibitions, as in 1993 to form The technical endowment, by the Museums Council, Museum of Natural Sciences Complex of Bacau, with photographic equipments and a stereomicroscope. which included: the main exhibition of no. 44 Gh. Vranceanu St., Vivarium in no. 3 Popa Şapcă Street,

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Astronomical Observatory “V. Anestin” in no. 8-10 The temporary exhibitions opened at the Trotus Street and Memorial House “Ion Borcea” Headquarters found in Gh. Vranceanu Street since located in the Racova village, Bacau county. 1996 were: Since Gh. Vranceanu Street headquarters was located in an ancient heritage building, which had renovated and the exhibition space was inappropriate, in 1992, is issued the building permit no. 31 by the City Hall of Bacau, following which it begins building a new headquarters for The “Ion Borcea” Museum of Natural Sciences located in Liberty Park (now Cancicov Park). The permanent exhibition which was housed in this building was structured as follows:  Entrance - Painting exhibition “Form and color in nature” made by students, panels with biologists, public - museum relationship and research;  Room 1 - Origin and evolution of life;

 Room 2 - Organization and functioning of  Painted Eggs (1996) ecosystems;  Chinese Art and Nature (1997)  Room 3 - Insects;  The Story of Salt (1997)  Room 4 – Vertebrates World;  The Story of Silicon (1998)  Hall 1 - Genetics and modern  The Story of Amber (1999) biotechnologies;  Plants in Christian Worship (2000)  Room 5 - Man and the Biosphere;  The Story of Tabacco (2002)  Room 6 - Fauna and Flora of Romania;  The Story of Sugar And Chocolate (2003)  Hall 2 - Nature Monuments (protected flora and fauna);  Gemstones (2003)  Hall 3 - Conquest of the Cosmos.  Butterfly World (2004) Touchscreen presentation includes photos  Marsh Birds (2005) and videos for each part of the permanent  Magical Plants (2006) exhibition. GUI application allows shared access to The touchscreen presents photo-video elements in the photo and video, but they are shown aspects of all these exhibitions. differently. Selection is made easy with a touch of The year 2003 brings the opening of the new photo-video item shown on screen, it immediately building of Museum of Natural Sciences Complex, switching mode power zoom or video play. The the headquarters located in Cancicov Park. technology is similar to Lightbox, based on JQuery, Also, starts moving collections, laboratories, but was enhanced to allow display both images and library and administrative department in the new videos and to display a translucent panel for a brief building so that in 2007 to open a new series of description at the bottom. temporary exhibitions in the modern space of the new headquarters.

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro These exhibitions were made by young were other technical problems had to be resolved curators: under a very austere budget. Existing commercial  Ornamental Plants (2007); solutions require higher final cost and hence burden  Amphibians and Reptiles - Myth and of an culture institution with budget sums. Reality (2007); Results and discussions  Nature of Color, the Colors of Nature The application that presents the history of (2007); science museum is currently running on two  Mushrooms - Delicacy, Medicine, Poison touchscreens located in the exhibition hall of the (2007); Museum of Natural Sciences of Bacau and was  Social Insects (2008); conducted entirely within the institution, with ultra-  The Fascinating World of Shells (2008). low-cost resources. The authors, biol. dr. Daniel- Using personal computers eased the work of Ştefan Ghiurca, from Department of Scientific and the museum curators and designers, allowing shorter Exhibition (documentation and beta testing) and execution time of the panels and significantly Florin-Catalin Tofan, from Muzeotechnic and increasing their quality and the graphics. Informatics Department (concept and technical execution) have tried and succeeded to translate into attractive and consistent digital form, the pages of history of the museum institution. Successful completion of the application on the history of science museum of Bacau paved the way for the establishment since 2010, of a collection of interactive and educational touchscreen applications, collection that will include applications made entirely at the Museum of Natural Sciences of Bacau. Their theme will be the natural sciences and applications will be publicly available on the touchscreen located at the Cancicov Park headquarter and in the future those of the Vivarium and Astronomical Observatory. We hope that these touchscreen’s number to grow as they are points of The application we created in the compact attraction for the visitors. mode does not require installation and has the following system requirements: minimum 3 GHz Athlon processor, Athlon 3 GHz DualCore optimal, at least 2 GB free hard disk, 1 GB RAM minimum, Windows XP SP2 + Microsoft Internet Explorer 8, Flash Player v. 10 (for IE), Internet Explorer 8 or later. Was made also another experimental version, which opens perspectives in the design and implementation of a new specialized software for multimedia kiosks.

Proposed objectives Objective which the two authors proposed was to create an application that shows the history of the Museum of Natural Sciences of Bacau over time and to run on the touchscreen. Using For example, the new permanent exhibition PowerPoint application, although the most of the Natural History Museum “Gr. Antipa” in convenient, was excluded because involves certain Bucharest contain 67 “InfoTouch” sites, where limitations and drawbacks. The application had to visitors can directly access information on exhibits. run like a browser, but in fullscreen. Limiting user This leads to a better guidance for both individual access to Windows XP functions used on visitors and small groups of visitors, the public touchscreen, stability in operation and ease of use having access to information beyond that provided by the curator in normal thematic guide.

http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Conclusions Cancicov, multe file de cultură s-au perindat prin  The requirements of museum visitors comply faţa publicului băcăuan. with current developments in science and Utilizând tehnologii informatice multimedia modern information technologies. moderne, autorii, muzeografi la muzeul de ştiinţele  Museum as an institution working with the naturii din Bacău, au realizat o aplicaţie care, public, must adapt to new cultural requirements instalată pe touchscreen, va oferi permanent offer of modern information technologies publicului vizitator o imagine a tuturor activităţilor imposed by the emergence of the internet and desfăşurate de muzeu de-a lungul acestei perioade modern communication and information devices. de timp. Bogăţia de imagini şi efectele video completează aspectul estetic şi inovaţia tehnică, oferind vizitatorilor un consistent şi atractiv material documentar.

References 1. Kirsten Gibbs, Margherita Sani, Jane Thompson – Lifelong Learning in Museums – A European Handbook, EDISAI s.r.l. Ferrara, Italy; 2. http://wiki.fluidproject.org/download/atta chments/11771580/Physical+kiosk+examples.pdf?v ersion=1&modificationDate=1263568941000 3. http://www.opensource.org/licenses/; 4. *** – Museum No 144 (Vol XXXVI, n° 4, 1984), The museum as educator, UNESCO, 1984 (http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php- URL_ID=2356&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SE CTION=201.html); 5. George E. Hein, Professor Emeritus Lesley University – The Role of Museums in Society: Education and Social Action, (seminar for museum educators), Jyväskylä, Finland 9, November 2005; 6. American Associations of Museums Standing Professional Comitte on Education – Museum Education Principles and Standards, Washington DC, 2001 (http://www.edcom.org/) 7. Manuel Sojer – Reuse Open Source Codes, Dissertation Technische Universität München, 2010, Gabler Verlag Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH 2011; 8. http://jquery.com/ Rezumat 9. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ Din anul 1959, când a fost înfiinţată o secţie ms123401.aspx de ştiinţele naturii, până în anul 2007, când s-au 10. http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/ deschis o serie de expoziţii temporare în sediul nou 11. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en- şi modern al muzeului de ştiinţele naturii din Parcul us/aa570309.

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STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI 2011 Vol. 24: 93 – 99

„FRUITS AND SEEDS FROM THE SPONTANEOUS AND CULTIVATED FLORA” – TEMPORARY EXHIBITION

ORTANSA JIGĂU*, DALIA PARASCHIV*, COSTEL BURGHELEA*, TUDOR GĂLESCU GENOVIŢA*

ABSTRACT

The temporary exhibition “Fruits and seeds from the spontaneous and cultivated flora” was realized by the specialists from the Vivarium subunit of the “Ion Borcea” Natural Science Museum Complex Bacău. The biological material was collected during 2009-2011, from the spontaneous and cultivated flora of Bacău County, being represented by the 153 species. In the exhibition only 80 species were presented to the public, using scientifical and didactic criteria. Thus, the visitors can discover different types of fruits: dehiscent dry fruits (pod, silicule, siliqua, follicle, capsule, polyfollicle), nondehiscent dry fruits (caryopsis, achene, nut, nucule, samara, disamara, pod, silicule), fleshy and bacciform fruits (berry, drupe, pepo, pits). The project was realized in partnership with Forest Research and Management Institute (I.C.A.S. Bacău). The collected fruits and seeds will be part of a new collection from our museum patrimony.

Keywords: exhibition, fruits, seeds, spontaneous and cultivated flora, Bacău County

Introduction disamara, pod, silicule), fleshy and bacciform fruits The temporary exhibition „Fruits and seeds in (berry, drupe, pepo, pits) (fig. no. 1). spontaneous and cultivated flora” was opened in The temporary exhibition includes also an September 29, 2011, at the Vivarium in Bacău interactive part exposing various fruit and seed types (figure 1). With this exhibition the public was shown in plastic recipients. a part of the fruit and seed diversity of the The determination of the vegetal material was spontaneous and cultivated flora of Bacău county, as made by using the specialty literature (1, 2, 3, 4). well as aspects concerning their use. In table 1 we present the species whose fruits As the first realized fruit and seed collection and seeds were collected, as well as the fruit type: of this type, it will enrich the patrimony of the Cn-cone; Natural Science Museum Complex „Ion Borcea” FUD = dehiscent dry fruits → P-pod, Bacău. Si-silicule, Sv-siliqua, F- follicle, C-capsule, Pf- polyfollicle); Material and methods FUI = nondehiscent dry fruits → Cr-caryopsis, The vegetal material was collected during A-achene, N-nut, Nc-nucule, S-samara, Di-disamara, 2009-2011 by the Vivarium curators and Pi-nondehiscent pod, Si-nondehiscent silicule; conservators in various habitat types of the Bacău FCB = fleshy and bacciform fruits → county. It was represented by a number of 153 B-berry, D-drupe, Pe-pepo, Po-pits. species among which 80 species were exposed in the exhibition, the visitors could discover different fruit Results and discussions types dehiscent dry fruits (pod, silicule, siliqua, The 153 identified species are included in the follicle, capsule, polyfollicle), nondehiscent dry Plantae regnum and belong to Spermatophyta phylum, fruits (caryopsis, achene, nut, nucule, samara, to 2 subphylums Pinophytina (Gymnospermae) and Magnoliophytina (Angiospermae), 4 classes, 6 ______subclasses, 34 orders and 47 families (table 1). Most *”Ion Borcea” Natural Science Museum Complex Bacău – Vivarium of the species belong to Magnoliopsida Department, Popa Şapcă, no. 3, Bacău, [email protected] (Dicotiledonatae) class. [email protected], [email protected]

Table 1- The vegetal material collected during 2009-2011

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Conclusions şi didactice. Astfel, vizitatorii pot descoperi diferite The temporary exhibition „Fruits and seeds in tipuri de fructe: fructe uscate dehiscente (păstaie, spontaneous and cultivated flora” was realized by siliculă, silicvă, foliculă, capsulă, polifoliculă), the specialists of the Vivarium unit of the Natural fructe uscate indehiscente (cariopsă, achenă, nucă, Science Museum Complex „Ion Borcea” Bacău and nuculă, samară, disamară, păstaie ind., siliculă ind.), was opened on September 29, 2011. fructe cărnoase şi baciforme (bacă, drupă, peponidă, Among the 153 species collected from the poamă), precum şi informaţii referitoare la utilizările spontaneous and cultivated flora of the Bacău county acestora. 80 species were exposed, the visitors could observe În cadrul expoziţiei a fost prezentată şi o and learn about various fruit and seed types. parte din colecţia de seminţe a I.C.A.S. Bacău. The collected vegetal material belongs to 1 Colecţia de fructe şi seminţe fiind prima de phylum, 2 subphylums, 4 classes, 6 subclasses, 34 acest fel realizată în cadrul muzeului nostru, va orders and 47 families. îmbogăţi patrimoniul Complexului Muzeal de As the first realized fruit and seed collection Ştiinţele Naturii „Ion Borcea” Bacău. of this type, it will enrich the patrimony of the Natural Science Museum Complex „Ion Borcea” Bacău. References 1. CIOCÂRLAN V., 2000 – Flora ilustrată a Rezumat României – Pteridophyta et Spermatophita, Ed. Expoziţia temporară „Fructe şi seminţe din Ceres, Bucureşti, 1139p. flora spontană şi cultivată” a fost realizată de 2. PÂRVU C., 1991 – Universul Plantelor – specialiştii de la subunitatea Vivariu a Complexului Mică Enciclopedie, Ed, Enciclopedică, Bucureşti, Muzeal de Ştiinţele Naturii „Ion Borcea” Bacău şi 598p. vernisată pe data de 29 septembrie 2011. 3. PALADE M., 1997 – Botanică Materialul vegetal a fost colectat în perioada farmaceutică, vol 1, Ed. Tehnică, Bucureşti, 496p. 2009-2011, din flora spontană şi cultivată a judeţului 4. TEMELIE M., 2008 – Enciclopedia Bacău, fiind reprezentat de 153 specii. În spaţiul plantelor medicinale cultivate din România, Ed. alocat expoziţiei numai 80 de specii au fost Rovimed Publischers, Bacău, 416p. prezentate publicului, pe baza unor criterii ştiinţifice

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Fig. no. 1. Aspects from the temporary exhibition.

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STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI 2011 Vol. 24: 100 – 102

IMPLICATIONS OF MODERN EDUCATION AND INTERDISCIPLINARY ACTIVITIES OF MUSEUMS

LĂCRĂMIOARA GABRIELA ZAHARIA*, ANCA TUDOR-ANDREI*, FLORIN-CĂTĂLIN TOFAN*

ABSTRACT

In addition to the Museum's functions related to the compilation, preservation and exposure of parts of the collection, is important to pay attention to the relationship with the public. In this context, the authors, curators at “Ion Borcea” Natural Science Museum Complex Bacău have experienced other forms of involvement of the museum in ecological education. The purpose of this educational project was to motivate the young generation to appreciate the value of the natural heritage and for its observance. This paper describes the activities carried out with public school and preschool, through protocols of cooperation with educational institutions, in the period 2008-2010.

Keywords: the Museum's activities, education for environment, multimedia, natural heritage

Introduction conceived and developed a traveling exhibition During the period 2008-2010 a museum entitled „Pollution ... where?”. This has been touring curators team consists of: Zaharia Lăcrămioara- schools in Bacau county as follows: Group School Gabriela, Anca Tudor-Andrei and Florin-Catalin of Ecology and Environmental Protection „Gr. Tofan held special educational programs attended Antipa” Bacau, College „Henry Coanda” Bacau, preschool and schoolchildren of different ages. School Group „Mihai Eminescu” Bacau, National These actions were organized in projects Pedagogical College „Stefan cel Mare” of Bacau and that were aimed at active involvement in School of Chetris village, Bacau county. Watching environmental issues currently facing the human exhibition panels was completed with multimedia society. presentations that contained information related to Activities were conducted in partnership with environmental protection. several educational institutions and Bacau Forestry Department. In the three years we have worked with teachers from 19 schools in the county of Bacau.

Material and method Curators have conceived several forms of approach to museum activities. Information was communicated through multimedia presentations and practical activities, which determined interactive character of actions. Museum curators team

______* „Ion Borcea” Natural Sciences Museum, Aleea Parcului No. 9, Bacau, Romania.

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http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Proposed objectives 1. Museum involvement in environmental education efforts; 2. Diversification means of relating to public; 3. Correlation of cultural and educational programs offered by the museum, with specific communities; 4. Integration of cultural and educational Offers in the context of museum education through interdisciplinary activities.

Other activities at the Natural Sciences Results and discussions Museum Complex „Ion Borcea” Bacau were: field In all activities was attended 4194 trips for collecting of biological material, visiting preschoolers and schoolchildren from 19 schools in collections storage facilities, along with practical the county of Bacau. Of all students involved in demonstrations concerning the methods of projects in 1183 were in rural areas and 3011 in preserving heritage pieces. urban areas. Participants were aged between 5 and 19 years, but most of them were within the 15-18 age limits. Activities have had an interdisciplinary character representing a complementary side of teaching and contribute to forming environmental protection adequate behaviors. All actions taken were a good opportunity to promote museum activities and raising awareness of the patrimony importance.

Conclusions

Participants were very receptive, younger These actions were within the curriculum of pupils were more interested than teenagers. the students practice the profile of ecology and Teachers realized the importance of working environmental protection. with museum professionals to optimize the

educational act. Moving of museum team within the county favored access to information for children in rural areas. Museum curators presence among the public was a form of promote the image and role of the museum in society.

At most schools curators presented multimedia materials with educational character. Thematic of presentations included information about different types of ecosystems, ecological and economic importance of biodiversity and the ways in which we can become active in environmental protection efforts. Exposed materials were compiled according to the age level of the participants.

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http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro de implicare a muzeului în realizarea educaţiei ecologice. Scopul acestui proiect a constat în motivarea tinerei generaţii în aprecierea şi respectarea valorii patrimoniului natural. Această lucrare descrie activităţile desfăşurate cu publicul de vârstă preşcolară şi şcolară, realizate sub forma unor protocoale de colaborare cu instituţii de învăţământ, în perioada 2008–2010.

References 1. M. Negulescu, L. Vaicum, C. Pătru, S. Ianculescu, G. Bonciu, O. Pătru – Protecţia mediului înconjurător, Editura Tehnică, Bucureşti, 1995. 2. Kirsten Gibbs, Margherita Sani, Jane Thompson – Lifelong Learning in Museums, A European Handbook, EDISAI s.r.l., Ferrara (Italy), 2007. 3. Marquita K. Hill – Understanding Environmental Pollution, Cambridge University Press, 2004. 4. M. Barnea, C. Papadopol – Poluarea şi protecţia mediului, Ed. Ştiinţifică şi Enciclopedică, Bucureşti, 1975. 5. Julie Kerr Casper, Ph.D. – Global Warming - Fossile Fuels and Pollution, New York, 2010. 6. David Pimentel – Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems: Benefits and Risks, Springer, 2008. 7. Prof. dr. I. Anghel şi colab. – Practicum de Biologie, vol. I şi II, Tipografia Universităţii din Bucureşti, 1989. 8. Ion Plumb, Andreea Zamfir, Managing Rezumat Renewable Energy: The Romanian Practice, Review Pe lângă funcţiile muzeului legate de Of International Comparative Management, Vol. 10 realizarea, conservarea şi expunerea unor piese de No. 1, Bucharest, 2009 (http://www.rmci.ase.ro/). patrimoniu, este important să se acorde atenţie 9. LEGE nr. 13 din 11 martie 1993 pentru relaţiei cu publicul. În acest context autorii, aderarea Romaniei la Conventia privind conservarea muzeografi la Complexul Muzeal de Ştiinţele vietii salbatice si a habitatelor naturale din Europa, Naturii „Ion Borcea” Bacău au conceput alte forme adoptata la Berna la 19 septembrie 1979.

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STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI 2011 Vol. 24: 103 – 106

PART IV – ANNIVERSARIES, COMMEMORATIONS

THOUGHTS ABOUT THOSE WHO WERE, ARE AND WILL BE PROF. UNIV. DR. TRAIAN ŞTEFUREAC

IN MEMORIAM

NECULAI BARABAŞ*

Traian Ştefureac (1908-1986)

______* „Ion Borcea” Natural Sciences Museum, Aleea Parcului No. 9, Bacau, Romania.

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http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro After the French historian Alexis de  On October 4, 1986 he passed away in Tocqueville (1805-1859), history is a gallery of Bucharest and was buried in his dear Bukovina, in portraits with many copies and few originals. This Câmpulung Moldovenesc. portrait generally outlined here is authentic and has As he used to confess, a lead role in his to be considered adequately. scientific and professional orientation, in the shaping In October 4 of this year 25 years have of his oersonality had the following Professors: M. passed since the passing away of Professor Doctor Guşuleac, E. Botezatu, C. Hurmuzachi, P. Ionescu- Traian I. Ştefureac who has definitively entered the Bujor, F. Netolytzky, A. Penecke, O. Marcu etc. illustrious gallery of the Romanian botanists. who, besides having transmitted an extensive A short biographic presentation will outline biology knowledge, have also given him the sense of the life of this great man who, in the course of his 78 duty, earnestness, discipline and self-competition, years of life (of which 33 were spent in the knowledge. Trained in this way he came to be the universitary system), served the human community youngest disciple in the botanical school created by he lived in and created a scientific work to Professor Dr. M. Guşuleac. remember: As a professor, he created and taught courses  He was born on April 18, 1908 in of systematical botanics, general botanics, Câmpulung Moldovenesc (Suceava county) in a 7- geobotanics and the greatest courses were those child family of the illustrious Bukovina linked with the evolution and phylogeny of plants at ethnographer, Professor Ioan Ştefureac and Minodora the Faculty of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry etc. He (born Simionovici); organised and lead for 23 years the student scientific  He attended the primary and secondary courses in the faculty. He worked as a researcher school, „Dragoş Vodă” Highschool in his native town; and head of department for 17 years at the „Traian  He attended the universitary courses at the Săvulescu” Institute. University of Cernăuţi and obtained his diploma in In this presentation we will concentrate upon Natural Sciences „with a distinction”, also his prodigious and restless original scientific activity graduating the Universitary Pedagogical Seminary touching different directions of vegetal biology upon in 1934; avascular and vascular plants: morphology and  He obtained his doctoral degree in 1940 anatomy, taxonomy, ecology and phytogeography, with the qualification „Very good with a phytocenology, phylogeny and evolution, applied distinction”, being supervised by Professor M. botanics etc. From the more than 400 published Guşuleac and his work had the title „Synecological studies some have a monographical character, and sociological research on Bryophytes in the included especially in the periodicals of the secular forest Slătioara (Bukovina)”. As the first Romanian Academy and in other prestigious Romanian study of its kind, with the journals in Romania and abroad. recommendation of his Professor Guşuleac, it has Professor Traian Ştefureac advocated the been published in the Annals of the Romanian approfoundation of briology studies using actual and Academy, the scientific branch, in 1941; adequate themes and methods, studies requiring a  After graduating the University he worked complex specialisation and meticulosity. In the in secondary schools as a teacher of natural sciences, course of this complex and long research, Professor geography, physics and chemistry, mathematics, Traian Ştefureac identified and described, especially merceology and productology. He worked also in among the bryophytes which constituted his the Pedagogical Highschool in Cernăuţi; at the same predilect group, a large number of phytotaxa and time he worked as a voluntary in the Botanical cenotaxa inscribed in the botanical science Institute; patrimony. He was also preoccupied by some algae  Beginning with 1940 he worked in the groups and by macromycetes. University of Bucharest going through all steps: The newly described taxa are from from preparer to Professor and then Director of the bryophytes and from hepaticals: Reboulia Systematical Botanics Department; hemispherica var. microspora, Lochopolea  He obtained the degree of Professon cuspidata var. banatica etc. and from leafy mosses Docent in 1965; (alone or in collaboration with) the varieties: Tortula subulata var. gracilis, Orthotrichum rupestre var.  From 1973 he remained as a consultant papillosum, Campylium stellatum var. dentatum, Professor and doctoral supervisor in the field of Hygrohypnum ochraceum var. minor, Botanics; Brachythecium populeum var. latifolium as well as

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http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro various forms whom he considered to be stationary It is to be noted the fact that his multiple ecological modifications. scientific activity was used and mentioned in the He signalled numerous rare species as well as works of various botanists in our country and glacial, arctic and subarctic relicts, among abroad. Being recognized for his competence in the bryophytes of Romania: Bucegia romanica, national botanical research, some specialists Moerckia hibernica, M. blyttii, Anastrepta dedicated new taxa for science to him: Polytrichum orcadensis, Lophozia hatcheri, Mylia taylori, ştefureacii Plămadă, Hiercium alpinum L. var. Polytrichum sexangulare, Buxbaumia aphylla, ştefureacii Nyarady. Veronica urticifolia Jacq. f. Sphagnum wulfianum, S. Balticum, Octodicerans ştefureacii Zaharia. fontanum, Schistidium alpicola, Plagiobryum demissum, Being appreciated for his erudition and Pseudobryum cinclidioides, Aulacomnium turgidum, contribution in the scientific creation and his modern Catoscopium nigritum, Meesea trycuetra, Conostomum orientation in the botanics research, he was tetragonum, Hookeria lucens, Helodium blandowii, appointed to supervise the doctoral students. In this Hylocomium pyrenaicum etc. We can notice the position he supervised and promoted 35 specialists relict associations unique in the country: Sphagnum with theses based on modern themes. In this field he wulfianum with Helodium blandowii, Aulacomnium guided the biology research, promoting in this group turgidum with Cobresia simpliuscula etc. as well as of cryptogamy some doctors (Bucureşti, Iaşi, Cluj- the studies (in collaboration) of sporoderm Napoca, Bacău etc.) being a school creator in the ultrastructure in bryophytes. Romanian biology studies. His work also includes research on some A rich activity is the one concerning the relict cormophytes considered under various points knowledge and popularizing the botanic of view (ecological, corological, caryological, historiography in Romania and abroad,to whom he phytogeographic-arealogic and phytocenological) as dedicated some monographical studies and the following: Salix bicolor, Betula nana, B. numerous articles and conferences, exhibitions etc., warnstorfii, Coclearia piyrenaica, Saxifraga (Sect. largely contributing to the valorification of the Tridactylites), Viola palustris, V. epipsila, botanic conquers of our illustrious forerunners Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Teientalis europaea, underlining the priorities in biological thinking and Andriala levitomentosa, Carex chordorrhiza, C. practice. Loliaceea, C. Dacica, Aristella bromoides, Calla Professor Traian Ştefureac was appointed to palustris etc. identified especially in Bukovina and the position of custodian and honorary inspector of Maramureş. Among both bryophytes and the Endangered Species Commission belonging to cormophytes he distinguished and described various the Academy in what concerned the natural muscinal associations and vegetal associations in reservations of Bukovina, regarding the scientific general. and organizing fields, in which he activated in order Next, we mention some of his monographical to deal with major problems of nature and studies: Synecological and sociological research environment protection, greatly enriching their upon bryophytes in Slătioara secular forest, genofund. Bryological studies in some vegetal associations in We can mention the fact that, in order to Romania, Plant evolution presented in recent works make known the preoccupations of the Romanian of phylogenetic botanics, Bryological conspects (in vegetal biology, he was also appointed to participate collaboration) in Dobrogea, Moldova, Bukovina etc. as a delegate with the presentation of scientific He was also a collaborator and a coordinator in other communications and conferences in some countries collective monographical studies: Alpine lawns in (Tchekoslovakia, Hungary, Mongolia, USSR) Bucegi Mountains, Porţile de Fier Atlas, Porţile de where, besides enriching the specialty knowledge he Fier flora and vegetation, Romanian Encyclopedic also gathered a valuable botanical informational Dictionary etc. He was a collborator and a member material. in the editing committee of the monumental work His great merits in the field of bryological Flora of R. S. R. Romania, an initiator and a were awarded being chosen as a member of the coordinator of Cryptogamic flora of Romania International Bryological Society in Utrecht, of the realized under the care of the Romanian Academy. Society for Bryological Flora Charting in Liege and Among other synthesis works we mention those as a reviewer for the Romanian bryology studies to regarding the general character of the flora in be published in the „Revue de bryologie et Dobrogea, Maramureş, Bukovina, Bucegi lichenologie” in Paris. Mountains, Apuseni Mountains etc. A restless and passionate traveller, Professor Traian Ştefureac explored, often in hard conditions,

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http://www.studiisicomunicaribacau.ro / https://biblioteca-digitala.ro the Romania’s flora and vegetation, preoccupations Council awarded him the Order „Star of R. P. R. he followed earnestly, being present in the scientific Romania” (1964) for his long education and research events (sessions, conferences, symposiums etc.) in activity. various cities as well as in the itinerary applications We outlined this portrait of a great savant, in various places of the country. who was an example of work, honour and He was recognized for his ample scientific, correctness, with ample merits in the service of his didactic and social activity being awarded the „Gh. noble occupation dedicated to the field of „amiable Doja” Prize (1957) and the „Em. C. Teodorescu” science” in order to promote him as an example of a Prize (1974) from the Academy and then the State genius for today’s world.

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