NHB College 2012 Round 10 Tossups 1
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NHB College 2012 Round 10 Tossups 1. One publication which advocated for this movement was For the Right. This movement was also promoted in a journal called The Independent which was edited by Washington Gladden. A major source for the history of this movement was the autobiography of Shailer Matthews, titled New Faith for Old, and other adherents of this movement included Richard Ely and Charles Sheldon. After a 1908 conference, this movement launched the (*) Men and Religion Forward campaign. Strongly critiqued by Paul Tillich and Reinhold Niebuhr, this movement was promoted in works like Christianity and the Social Crisis by Walter Rauschenbusch. For 10 points, identify this late 19th and early 20th century movement which sought to apply Christian ethics to contemporary problems. ANSWER: Social Gospel 043-12-54-10102 2. The land for these institutions was bought with money raised through the Blue Box coin donation campaign. Security for them was provided by the Watchman’s Guild. The Nahal program sought to establish them in strategically important areas. The umbrella group Artzi proclaimed that these places were “monasteries without God.” The first one was founded by Joseph Baratz at (*) Deganya in 1909, and they now represent about two percent of the country’s population and nearly ten percent of its agricultural and industrial output. Many of these institutions now operate five-month-long classes for immigrants and give a greater role to private family life. For 10 points, name these institutions, which are voluntary, collectively worked farming and factory communities in the Israeli countryside. ANSWER: kibbutzes [or kibbutzim; or kevuzot] 019-12-54-10103 3. This man never completed a collaboration with Willy Schaeffler in Mineral King, California. His company was targeted by a 1941 strike led by Herbert Sorrell. He designed the WEDway PeopleMover for a utopian venture, and Ward Kimball and Ollie Johnston were two of the “Nine Old Men” who worked for him. He commissioned Robert Moses to design the “Great Moments with Mr. (*) Lincoln” for the 1964 World's Fair, which was later used in his Hall of Presidents. His company promoted the Good Neighbor policy with Saludos Amigos. For 10 points, name this man whose namesake studio made The Fox and the Hound, Fantasia and Bambi. ANSWER: Walter Elias “Walt” Disney 094-12-54-10104 4. This document notes that "indirect taxes weigh heavily upon the people" and calls for a single progressive income tax. It notes that one group is "confining its activity within national bounds" but recognizes the "international character" of its aims. Perhaps the most controversial section of this document asserts that it pursues its goals “by every lawful means.” One person found this document overly influenced by Ferdinand Lassalle and recommended that the Eisenachers reject it, in a (*) letter that outlined the "dictatorship of the proletariat" and coined the phrase "from each according to his ability, to each according to his need." For 10 points, name this 1875 political manifesto, which was replaced in 1891 by the Erfurt program and was “critiqued” by Karl Marx. ANSWER: the Gotha Program [or the 1875 platform of the SPD; or the 1875 platform of the German Social Democratic Party] 019-12-54-10105 NHB College 2012 Round 10 Page 1 of 13 5. One work by this artist shows an open book in front of a man who grasps a lute with his left hand. The subject of one of his three-quarters portraits rests his fingers on a book that describes his “Herculean labors”. He borrowed from Leonardo’s Last Supper in his Venus and Amor. A vase appears in front of his portrait of George Giesze, and he painted the (*) Darmstadt Madonna. In one work, a globe rests next to the arm of Jean de Dinteville, who stands on one of this man's namesake carpets near an anamorphic skull. For 10 points, name this artist who made portraits of Erasmus and Thomas More and The French Ambassadors. ANSWER: Hans Holbein the Younger 094-12-54-10106 6. A full account of this period is given by Cassius Dio in Books 47 through 50 of his histories. The beginning of the this period was formally instituted by the Lex Titia, and this period saw a defensive war against Pacorus and Labienus, who had secured aid from the Parthian king Orodes. During this period, one leader found himself isolated against Domitius Ahenobarbus and the latter’s ally, and was thus forced to sign the Treaty of (*) Brundisium. This period saw one of its namesakes defeat Brutus at Philippi and ended with that same namesake’s defeat at the hands of Agrippa in the battle of Actium. For 10 points, identify this period of Roman history that followed the republic and preceded the empire, during which Rome was formally ruled by Mark Antony, Octavian, and Marcus Lepidus. ANSWER: triumviral period [accept Second Triumvirate] 043-12-54-10107 7. A leader of one side in this controversy compared his cause to “a river flowing peacefully to the sea” while the opposing side was “a torrent rushing violently over a precipice.” One participant in this controversy was Harold Brown, who performed a stage show in which dogs and horses died, and who killed William Kemmler at Auburn, New York in 1890. One of the last casualties of this controversy was the elephant (*) Topsy. This controversy began to settle after the Chicago World’s Fair, as the Hall of Machinery was activated by President Cleveland to light the fair using Westinghouse Corporation materials. For 10 points, identify this rivalry between the two proposed systems for distributing electric power over a distance, which was won by the “alternating” form of electricity. ANSWER: the War of the Currents [or the Edison-Tesla rivalry; or the Edison-Westinghouse rivalry before “Westinghouse” is read; or the AC-DC rivalry; or the alternating-direct current rivalry; or other equivalents] 019-12-54-10108 8. Chinese babies are traditionally named during a ceremony named for this type of egg. Ruins from the Dong Son culture have been found in the valley of a river of this name in Vietnam. This is the first word in the name of a group that allied with the Green Foresters to sack Chang’an in 23 CE during Wang Mang’s rule. Zhang Yimou directed a film about this type of (*) Sorghum. Zhu Yuanzhang led a group named for this color that overthrew the Mongols and established the Ming dynasty. For 10 points, give this color that names a rebellion of “Eyebrows” and “Turbans” in Chinese History, also the color associated with its Communist Party. ANSWER: Red 094-12-54-10109 NHB College 2012 Round 10 Page 2 of 13 9. The singer of one of this band’s songs says, “I want to go down in celluloid history” on the song “Frankly, Mr. Shankly”. The title track of their second album declares, “Kitchen aromas aren’t very homely / It’s not ‘comforting’, cheery or kind.” This group recorded (*) “Bigmouth Strikes Again”. Another of their songs states, “and if a double-decker bus / crashes into us / to die by your side / is such a heavenly way to die”. This band behind “There Is a Light That Never Goes Out” recorded the hits, “Heaven Knows I’m Miserable Now” and “How Soon Is Now”. For 10 points, name this British alt-rock group founded by Johnny Marr and Morrissey. ANSWER: The Smiths 094-12-54-10110 10. One writer identifies this man’s most important opinion as a defense of the right to picket on private property in the Amalgamated Food Employees case. In other opinions, this man advocated a “sliding scale” view of the Fourteenth Amendment and criticized the notion that the Constitution is a “barrier” to remedying past wrongs. Earlier, he argued for the winning side of the Supreme Court cases (*) Smith v. Allwright and Sweatt v. Painter. On another case, he was the lead attorney alongside William Coleman, Harold Boulware, and Spottswood Robinson. For 10 points, name this lawyer who successfully argued for the end of the “separate but equal” doctrine in Brown v. Board before he was appointed by Lyndon Johnson as the first black Supreme Court Justice. ANSWER: Thurgood Marshall [or Thoroughgood Marshall] 019-12-54-10111 11. The lone dissenting opinion in this case relied partially on a reading of Kidd v. Pearson to establish that contracts to purchase goods for transportation were included under the rubric of interstate commerce. The majority opinion in this case opened by citing Edward Coke’s pamphlet “Against (*) Monopolists, Propounders, and Projectors;” that opinion was delivered by Melvin Fuller, who argued that the substance in question was probably only intended to be sold in Philadelphia and was thus not interstate commerce. For 10 points, identify this Supreme Court case which held that the Sherman Anti-Trust Act did not apply to manufacturing, brought by the namesake sugar corporation. ANSWER: E.C. Knight v. U.S. 043-12-54-10112 12. One ruler of this city fortified its Epipolae Plateau and lost the battle of Cronium. A notable defense of this city was aided by Gylippus. This city saw a radical democracy installed at the instigation of Diocles, who exiled the more moderate Hermocrates. Originally governed by an elite class called the "gamoroi," this city was briefly ruled by Hippocrates of (*) Gela, and it became the center of a modest empire after its ruler Agathocles overthrew Corinth's Timoleon. Plato and the minister Dion both tried to turn a ruler of this city into a “philosopher-king,” and this city was reinforced by Sparta against an Athenian siege.