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Algemeen Ambtsbericht Sudan Van Maart 2021

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Algemeen Ambtsbericht Sudan Van Maart 2021 Algemeen Ambtsbericht Sudan Maart 2021 Pagina 1 van 117 Algemeen Ambtsbericht Sudan | maart 2021 Colofon Plaats Den Haag Opgesteld door Afdeling Ambtsberichten (DAF/AB) Pagina 2 van 117 Algemeen Ambtsbericht Sudan | maart 2021 Inhoudsopgave Colofon ..........................................................................................................2 Inhoudsopgave ...............................................................................................3 Inleiding .........................................................................................................5 1 Politieke ontwikkelingen ............................................................................. 7 1.1 Transitieregering .............................................................................................7 1.1.1 Civiele component ...........................................................................................8 1.1.2 Militaire component .........................................................................................9 1.1.3 Fricties ...........................................................................................................9 1.2 Nieuwe politieke partijen ................................................................................ 10 1.3 Oppositie ...................................................................................................... 10 1.3.1 Gewapende oppositie ..................................................................................... 10 1.3.2 Niet-gewapende oppositie ............................................................................... 11 1.4 Militaire/Civiele gouverneurs ........................................................................... 12 1.5 Demonstraties............................................................................................... 13 1.6 Vredesonderhandelingen ................................................................................ 14 1.6.1 Vredesakkoord .............................................................................................. 14 1.6.2 Rebellenbewegingen die niet aansloten bij het vredesakkoord ............................. 16 1.7 VN-missies ................................................................................................... 16 1.8 Relatie met Zuid-Sudan .................................................................................. 17 2 Veiligheidssituatie ..................................................................................... 18 2.1 Toegang voor (internationale) humanitaire organisaties ..................................... 18 2.2 Rekrutering .................................................................................................. 20 2.3 Bewegingsvrijheid ......................................................................................... 21 2.3.1 COVID-19 ..................................................................................................... 21 2.4 Twee Gebieden ............................................................................................. 22 2.4.1 Gebieden onder controle van SPLM-N ............................................................... 23 2.4.2 Geweldsincidenten tussen de SPLM-N en nationale veiligheidstroepen .................. 23 2.4.3 Tribale gevechten, geweld tegen burgers en overige geweldsincidenten ............... 24 2.5 Darfur .......................................................................................................... 29 2.5.1 UNAMID ....................................................................................................... 29 2.5.2 Algemene ontwikkeling en cijfers ..................................................................... 29 2.5.3 Gevechten tussen Sudanese regeringstroepen en rebellenbewegingen ................. 32 2.5.4 Geweldsincidenten tussen veehouders en landbouwers en intercommunaal geweld 34 2.5.5 Criminaliteit en banditisme ............................................................................. 40 2.5.6 Mensenrechtensituatie ................................................................................... 40 2.6 Abyei ........................................................................................................... 41 2.6.1 UNISFA ........................................................................................................ 41 2.6.2 Veiligheid ..................................................................................................... 42 2.7 Overige provincies ......................................................................................... 43 2.7.1 Geweldsincidenten in Khartoum....................................................................... 43 2.7.2 Geweldsincidenten in het oosten van Sudan ...................................................... 44 2.7.3 Schermutselingen in het Al Fashaga gebied ...................................................... 45 2.8 Janjaweed .................................................................................................... 45 3 Identiteit, nationaliteit en documenten ..................................................... 47 3.1 Documenten voor buitenlanders in Sudan ......................................................... 47 3.2 Identiteitsdocumenten ................................................................................... 48 Pagina 3 van 117 4 Mensenrechten .......................................................................................... 50 4.1 Ontwikkelingen na machtsovername ................................................................ 50 4.1.1 Vrijheid van vereniging en vergadering ............................................................ 53 4.1.2 Persvrijheid .................................................................................................. 54 4.1.3 Doodstraf ..................................................................................................... 56 4.2 Positie van specifieke groepen ......................................................................... 56 4.2.1 Etnische groepen ........................................................................................... 56 4.2.2 Religieuze groepen ........................................................................................ 59 4.2.3 Dienstplichtweigeraars en deserteurs ............................................................... 63 4.2.4 Leden van oppositiepartijen / politieke activisten ............................................... 64 4.2.5 LHBTI .......................................................................................................... 67 4.2.6 Vrouwen ....................................................................................................... 69 4.2.7 Bloed- en eerwraak........................................................................................ 77 4.2.8 (Alleenstaande) minderjarigen ........................................................................ 78 4.3 Vrijheid van meningsuiting ............................................................................. 81 4.3.1 Mensenrechtenactivisten ................................................................................ 81 4.3.2 Demonstranten ............................................................................................. 83 4.3.3 Politieke activisten of leden van politieke partijen .............................................. 84 4.3.4 Kritiek uiten tegen de regering ........................................................................ 87 4.3.5 Internet ....................................................................................................... 89 5 Vluchtelingen en ontheemden ................................................................... 93 5.1 Binnenlandse ontheemden .............................................................................. 93 5.1.1 Levensomstandigheden .................................................................................. 94 5.1.2 Bewegingsvrijheid ......................................................................................... 94 5.1.3 Abyei ........................................................................................................... 94 5.1.4 Twee Gebieden ............................................................................................. 95 5.1.5 Darfur .......................................................................................................... 96 5.2 Sudanese vluchtelingen in het buitenland ......................................................... 97 5.2.1 Tsjaad .......................................................................................................... 97 5.2.2 Egypte ......................................................................................................... 98 5.2.3 Libanon ........................................................................................................ 99 5.2.4 Israël ........................................................................................................... 99 5.3 Asielzoekers en vluchtelingen .......................................................................... 99 5.3.1 Levensomstandigheden ................................................................................ 100 5.3.2 Syrische en Jemenitische vluchtelingen .......................................................... 103 5.3.3 Centraal Afrikaanse Republiek (CAR) .............................................................. 103 5.3.4 Tsjaad .......................................................................................................
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