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Potentiality of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Spp.) in Medicine- a Review

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Potentiality of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Spp.) in Medicine- a Review Central Annals of Food Processing and Preservation Bringing Excellence in Open Access Review Article *Corresponding author Nirmalendu Das, Department of Botany, Barasat Govt. College, Barasat, Kolkata 700124, West Bengal, India, Potentiality of Oyster Tel: 91 9433451166; Email: Submitted: 12 May 2017 Mushroom (Pleurotus Spp.) in Accepted: 24 May 2017 Published: 29 May 2017 Copyright Medicine- A Review © 2017 Das et al. Chandana Paul, Tina Roy, and Nirmalendu Das* OPEN ACCESS Department of Botany, Barasat Govt. College, India Keywords • Antioxidants Abstract • Medicinal mushroom The members of the genus Pleurotus generally known as oyster mushroom positioned • Nutraceuticals second among the commercially cultivated edible mushrooms. Different Pleurotus species not • Oyster mushroom only contained a large amount of polysaccharides, proteins and vitamins but also phenolics, • Pleurotus spp flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, glucans and other antioxidants. Presence of these nutraceuticals enable them to exhibit different therapeutic activities such as antitumor, immunomodulatory, genoprotective, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolaemic, antihypertensive, antiplatelets, antihyperglycaemic, antimicrobial and antiviral activities. Some of these properties of oyster mushroom are discussed in the present review. INTRODUCTION The genus Pleurotus (oyster mushroom) constitute about 40 species and all are edible. About ten species are commercially Mushrooms are the fruiting bodies of edible macrofungi cultivated. Oyster mushroom has been regarded as a popular and commonly belonging to Basidiomycotina and rarely to edible mushroom essentially owing to its easy cultivation procedures within a wide range of temperatures (15-30°C). macrofungus with distinctive fruiting body which can be either They can be cultivated on different varieties of substrates like Ascomycotina. Chang and Miles defined mushroom as “a hypogeous or epigeous and large enough to be seen with naked agro-forest residues even on weeds for the production of food, eye and to be picked by hand” [1]. They were known by the feed, enzymes and a number of nutraceuticals in addition to ancient Egyptians since long back, probably from three thousand their bioremedial properties [7,8]. A number of nutraceuticals like polysaccharide, protein, polysaccharide-protein complexes, the ancient Greeks and Romans and considered as luxury food andyears were ago. eatenMushrooms only by were the describednobility for as culinary “food for purposes the god” [2]. by culture media, mycelium or fruiting body extracts of oyster Mushrooms constitutes about 14000-22000 species while the mushroomproteoglycans, which phenolics, show anflavonoids array of etc.medicinal can be propertiesderived from [9- exact number might be much higher [3]. 12]. The therapeutic activities of different Pleurotus species are discussed in this review. Exploitation of mushroom as an alternative source of protein has been emphasized to be of great enthusiasm to the DISCUSSION researchers for last few decades [4]. After yeast fermentation, Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.) are not only nutritionally mushroom production has been considered as second most rich but also medicinally important. They are the rich sources of amongst the esteemed commercial microbial technologies. antioxidants and possess antitumor, immunomodulatory, geno- Cultivation of mushroom does not require fertile soil as they can - grow inside the shady rooms degrading altogether various agro- tensive, antiplatelets, antihyperglycaemic, antimicrobial and an- residues. Due to their inherent tendency to grow upon a variety tiviralprotective, activities. anti-inflammatory, Some of these hypocholesterolaemic, activities are summarized antihyper (Table of substrates, mushrooms are considered to recycle organic 1). wastes which unless are problematic for disposal [5]. A number of mushrooms are considered not only as nutritionally rich food Antioxidant activities from the standpoint of medicinal purposes. Mushrooms are rich sources of antioxidant that defense the Button mushroom (Agaricus spp) and shitake (Lentinus spp) are body against free radicals which cause oxidative damage [13-16]. widelybut also accepted beneficial for commercial production but recently oyster Oxidative damage is related to aging and a number of diseases mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) cultivation has stepped up in second such as atherosclerosis, cirrhosis, diabetes and even cancer are position after the button mushroom as per its consumption prevented by antioxidants. Sporophores of oyster mushrooms around the globe [6]. are rich in antioxidants [17-19]. Oyster mushrooms are the Cite this article: Paul C, Roy T, Das N (2017) Potentiality of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Spp.) in Medicine- A Review. Ann Food Process Preserv 2(2): 1014. Das et al. (2017) Email: Central Bringing Excellence in Open Access Table 1: Bioactive Compounds and Therapeutic Uses of Some Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus spp.). NAME OF THE ACTIVE COMPOUND (S)/ PROPERTIES REFERENCES SPECIES EXTRACT Inhibited the growth of a solid sarcoma 180 tumor implanted in Protein polysaccharide Facchini et al., 2014 [89] mice. Enhanced concanavalin A (con A) or induced lymphocyte Polysaccharide (2.4x104 )Da Sun et al., 2009 [90] proliferation on male mice. Sapena et al., 2015 [91] Exhibited strong anti-respiratory tract infection and anti-allergic Jesenak et al., 2013, 2014 (1,6) linkage effect. β– glucan with (1,3) and [92, 93] Protein extract Wu et al., 2011 [94] human colorectal adenocarcinomona cells. Ribonuclease (17.7 K.Da) Showed efficiency against human monocytic leukemia cell and Nomura et al., 1994 [81] P. ostreatus (oyster Dimeric lectin Exhibited anti-tumor activity in mice bearing hepatoma and sarcoma. Wang et al., 2000 [52] Efficient to degrade genetic material of HIV. mushroom) Proteoglycan fraction (water Exhibited immunomodulator and anticancer activity. Sarangi et al., 2006 [55] soluble Inhibited the growth of Gram-positive, Gram- negative bacteria and Gerasimenya et al., 2002 Crude extract A. niger. [84] Possessed inhibitory activity on growth of A. niger, F. oxysporum, B. extracts containing Okamoto et al., 2005 [85] subtilis and P. aeruginosa. anisaldehyde.Hexane-dichloro-methane Acetone extract Exhibited anticancer potential. Akanni et al., 2010 [95] Possessed antioxidant, reducing power, iron chelating and radical Methanolic extract Yang et al., 2002 [22] scavenging properties. Mevinolin, a polysaccharide Showed antihypercholesterolemic activity in rat. P. ostreatus var Inhibited mutagenicity elicited through mutagens requiring Methanolic extract HossainLakshmi et et al., al., 2003 2004 [63]. [96] florida activities. Polysaccharide extract Exhibited antiproliferative effect on cancer cell. Lavi et al., 2010 [97] Jose et al., 2002 [24] P. pulmonarius induced paw edema and carrageenan in rats. Adebayo et al., 2012 [98] (The lung polysaccharide with both α - InhibitedShowed potent colitis-association anti- inflammatory carcinogenesis activities in against mice. formalin- Lavi et al., 2012 [99] oyster/phoenix and β – linkages protein in hot water extracts Wang and Ng, 2007 [79] mushroom) β- glucan Acetone extract Exhibited anticancer and tumor suppressor activities. Akanni et al., 2010 [95] Inhibited HIV 1 reverse transcriptase activity Patel et al., 2012 [100] Chen et al., 2009 [101] HotFunctional water extract protein(PCP-3A) Inhibited the reverseproliferation transcriptase of human activity leukemia of HIV-1 cell U 937. P. citrinopileatus Reduced the number of metastatic tumor nodule. (Golden oyster Water soluble Wang et al., 2005 [41]. Exhibited antihyperglycaemic activity and lowers the blood glucose mushroom) polysaccharide level in diabetic rats. Lectin Exhibited antitumor activity in mice bearing sarcoma 180. HuLi et et al., al., 2008 2006 [103] [41] Glucans Activated the phagocytic activity of mouse macrophages in vitro. Rout et al., 2005 [57] Stimulated thymocytes, spleenocytes,and bone marrow cells and Maiti et al., 2008 [104] Protein fraction cytotoxicity of mouse natural killer cells. It also exhibited the (The P. florida antiproliferative activity. Lectin Showed capability of modulating arsenic mediated toxic effects. Rana et al., 2012 [105]. florida oyster) Inhibited platelet aggregation, decreased induced paw oedema in Methanolic extract Jose et al, 2004 [70]. Protein- polysaccharide Inhibited the solid sarcoma 180 tumor implanted in mice. Facchini et al., 2014 [89] mice and inhibits inflammation. Exhibited antimicrobial activities; and antiproliferative effect on P. sajor-caju Ribonuclease Nagi and Ng, 2004 [83] murine spleenocytes. Patel et al., 2012 [100] Inhibited the activity of mammalian topoisomerase 1 and induced Ubiquinone-9 Bae et al., 2009 [106] Hot water extract theInhibited apoptosis HIV of1 reverse cancer cells.transcriptase activity. Pleurone Lee et al., 2011 [107] P. eryngii (King InhibitedExhibited theinhibitory stimulated activity mitogenic on human response neutrophil of murine elastase spleenocytes (HNE) Erytngeolysin- a heamolysin and also beneficial for the prevention of skin aging. Nagi and Ng,2006 [108] oyster mushroom) and exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus sp. Eryngin Exhibited antibacterial activity. Wang et al., 2004 [86] Ethanolic extract Sano et al.,2002 (74) and exhibited antiallergic activity. Suppressed hypersensitive immune responses such as inflammation Ann Food Process Preserv 2(2): 1014 (2017) 2/8 Das et al. (2017) Email: Central
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