Decree Ended the Great Fear in the French Revolution
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The French Revolution Unfolds
WH07_te_ch06_s02_MOD_s.fm Page 216 Monday, March 5, 2007 5:24WH07MOD_se_CH06_s02_s.fm PM Page 216 Thursday, January 25, 2007 4:17 PM Step-by-Step SECTION Instruction 2 Women march WITNESS HISTORY AUDIO to the palace. Parisian Women Storm Versailles Objectives On October 5, 1789, anger turned to action as thousands As you teach this section, keep students of women marched from Paris to Versailles. They wanted focused on the following objectives to help the king to stop ignoring their suffering. They also them answer the Section Focus Question wanted the queen. French women were particularly angry and master core content. 2 with the Austrian-born queen, Marie Antoinette. They 2 could not feed their children, yet she lived extravagantly. ■ Explain how the political crisis of 1789 The women yelled as they looked for her in the palace: led to popular revolts. Death to the Austrian! We’ll wring her neck! ■ Summarize the moderate reforms “ We’ll tear her heart out! enacted by the National Assembly in —mob of women at Versailles,” October 6, 1789 August 1789. Focus Question What political and social reforms did ■ Identify additional actions taken by the the National Assembly institute in the first stage of the National Assembly as it pressed French Revolution? onward. ■ Analyze why there was a mixed reac- tion around Europe to the events unfolding in France. The French Revolution Unfolds Objectives Excitement, wonder, and fear engulfed France as the revolution Prepare to Read • Explain how the political crisis of 1789 led to unfolded at home and spread abroad. Historians divide this revo- popular revolts. -
The Justification of Violence Within the Principles of Maximilien
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DigitalCommons@Providence Providence College DigitalCommons@Providence History Student Papers History Spring 2013 A Plagued Mind: The uJ stification of Violence within the Principles of Maximilien Robespierre Kevin Lynch Providence College Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.providence.edu/history_students Part of the European History Commons, and the Political History Commons Lynch, Kevin, "A Plagued Mind: The usJ tification of Violence within the Principles of Maximilien Robespierre" (2013). History Student Papers. Paper 9. http://digitalcommons.providence.edu/history_students/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History at DigitalCommons@Providence. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Student Papers by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Providence. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTRODUCTION Maximilien Francois Marie Isidore de Robespierre entered the world with humble beginnings on the 6th of May, 1758. In spite of the immense sufferings he endured in his youth, Maximilien Robespierre persevered through these struggles by dedicating himself wholly to his studies. In keeping with his family tradition, Robespierre became a lawyer in his hometown of Arras, working as tirelessly as he had in his childhood. At a first glance of Robespierre’s beginning, it seemed unlikely his life would become as tumultuous as the time he lived. Better yet, it seemed closer to an outright impossibility that he would directly play a role in a revolution that fundamentally changed the society of France, and indeed Europe, forever. The lawyer from Arras rose in simultaneous speed with the French Revolution, although he never saw it completed. -
The French Revolution
The French Revolution ‘This is more than a history of the French Revolution. It covers all Europe during the revolutionary period, though events in France naturally take first place. It is particularly good on the social and intellectual back- ground. Surprisingly enough, considering that Lefebvre was primarily an economic historian, it also breaks new ground in its account of international relations, and sets the wars of intervention in their true light. The French have a taste for what they call works of synthesis, great general summaries of received knowledge. We might call them textbooks, though of the highest level. At any rate, in its class, whether synthesis or textbook, this is one of the best ever produced.’ A. J. P. Taylor Georges Lefebvre The French Revolution From its origins to 1793 Translated by Elizabeth Moss Evanson With a foreword by Paul H. Beik London and New York La Révolution française was first published in 1930 by Presses Universitaires de France. A new, entirely rewritten, version was published in 1951. The present work is a translation of the first three parts of the revised edition of 1957. First published in the United Kingdom 1962 by Routledge and Kegan Paul First published in Routledge Classics 2001 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 1962 Columbia University Press All rights reserved. -
French Revolution and the Trial of Marie Antoinette Background Guide Table of Contents
French Revolution And The Trial Of Marie Antoinette Background Guide Table of Contents Letter from the Chair Letter from the Crisis Director Committee Logistics Introduction to the Committee Introduction to Topic One History of the Problem Past Actions Taken Current Events Questions to Consider Resources to Use Introduction to Topic Two History of the Problem Past Actions Taken Current Events Questions to Consider Resources to Use Bibliography Staff of the Committee Chair: Peyton Coel Vice Chair: Owen McNamara Crisis Director: Hans Walker Assistant Crisis Director: Sydney Steger Coordinating Crisis Director: Julia Mullert Under Secretary General Elena Bernstein Taylor Cowser, Secretary General Neha Iyer, Director General Letter from the Chair Hello Delegates! I am so thrilled to welcome you all to BosMUN XIX. For our returning delegates, welcome back! For our new delegates, we are so excited to have you here and hope you have an amazing time at the conference. My name is Peyton Coel and I am so honored to be serving as your Chair for this incredible French Revolution committee. I’m a freshman at Boston University double majoring in History and International Relations. I’m from the frigid Champlain Valley in Vermont, so the winters here in Boston are no trouble at all for me. When I’m not rambling on about fascinating events in history or scouring the news for important updates, you can find me playing club water polo or swimming laps in the lovely FitRec pool, exploring the streets of Boston (Copley is my favorite place to go), and painting beautiful landscapes with the help of Bob Ross. -
The French Revolution of 1789 Powerpoint Presentation
The French Revolution © Student Handouts, Inc. www.studenthandouts.com The Old Regime (Ancien Regime) • Old Regime – socio-political system which existed in most of Europe during the 18th century • Countries were ruled by absolutism – the monarch had absolute control over the government • Classes of people – privileged and unprivileged – Unprivileged people – paid taxes and treated badly – Privileged people – did not pay taxes and treated well Society under the Old Regime • In France, people were divided into three estates – First Estate • High-ranking members of the Church • Privileged class – Second Estate • Nobility • Privileged class – Third Estate • Everyone else – from peasants in the countryside to wealthy bourgeoisie merchants in the cities • Unprivileged class The Three Estates Estate Population Privileges Exemptions Burdens First •Circa 130,000 •Collected the tithe •Paid no taxes •Moral obligation (rather than legal •Censorship of the press •Subject to Church obligation) to assist the poor and •High-ranking •Control of education law rather than civil needy clergy •Kept records of births, deaths, law •Support the monarchy and Old marriages, etc. Regime •Catholic faith held honored position of being the state religion (practiced by monarch and nobility) •Owned 20% of the land Second •Circa 110,000 •Collected taxes in the form of •Paid no taxes •Support the monarchy and Old feudal dues Regime •Nobles •Monopolized military and state appointments •Owned 20% of the land Third •Circa 25,000,000 •None •None •Paid all taxes •Tithe (Church tax) •Everyone else: •Octrot (tax on goods brought into artisans, cities) bourgeoisie, city •Corvée (forced road work) workers, •Capitation (poll tax) merchants, •Vingtiéme (income tax) peasants, etc., •Gabelle (salt tax) along with many •Taille (land tax) parish priests •Feudal dues for use of local manor’s winepress, oven, etc. -
Chapter 18: the French Revolution and Napoleon, 1789-1815
0544A-0544D C18 TE-Nat/FL©05 3/11/04 1:28 PM Page 544 Chapter 18 Resources Timesaving Tools ™ Use Glencoe’s Presentation Plus! • Interactive Teacher Edition Access your Teacher Wraparound Edition and multimedia teacher your classroom resources with a few easy clicks. tool to easily present dynamic lessons that visually excite your stu- Interactive Lesson Planner Planning has never been easier! Organize your • ® week, month, semester, or year with all the lesson helps you need to make dents. Using Microsoft PowerPoint you can teaching creative, timely, and relevant. customize the presentations to create your own personalized lessons. TEACHING TRANSPARENCIES Graphic Organizer Student Chapter Map Overlay Activity 18 Transparency L2 Transparency 18 L2 Transparency 18 L2 Graphic Organizer 15: Chain-of-Events or Flowchart CHAPTER TRANSPARENCY 18 The French Revolution and Napoleon (1789–1815) “My glory is not to have won France and Europe Map Overlay Transparency 18 forty battles, for Waterloo’s 20°W 10°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E France, 1789 defeat will destroy the memory SWEDEN North Sea Baltic Sea of as many victories. But what RUSSIA 0 150 300 mi. 50° GREAT N BRITAIN nothing will destroy, what 0150 300 km 40°E r e v i R e will live eternally is my n ATLANTIC i Paris h OCEAN R Civil Code.” N FRANCE W Sea E ck Bla —Napoleon Bonaparte S O 40 TT °N OM AN Corsica GAL E TU M PI RE POR APPLICATION AND ENRICHMENT Primary Source History Simulation Historical Significance Cooperative Learning Enrichment Activity 18 L3 Reading 18 L2 Activity 18 L1 Activity 18 L2 Activity 18 L1/ELL Name Date Class Name Date Class Name Date Class Name Date Class Name Date Class ISTORY ★ Enrichment Activity 18 ★ ★ Historical Significance Activity 18 H IMULATION P RIMARY S OURCE R EADING ! ★ ★ ★ 18 S CTIVITY 18 Cooperative Learning Activity 18 The Levée en Masse A HANDOUT MATERIAL Three Ways Napoleon Changed the World Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Four months after the French revolution- spread of the revolution. -
French Revolution French Revolution French Revolution French
French Revolution Overview His. 102: Intro. to Western • The year 1789 witnessed two far-reaching events: Civilization the ratification of the Constitution of the United French Revolution States of America and the eruption of the French Revolution. Instructor: Michael D. Berdine, Ph.D. • Compared to the American Revolution, the French Pima Community College – West Campus Revolution was more complex, more violent, and TTh, 10:10-11:25am, Tucson H205 Fall 2003 far more radical in its attempt to reconstruct both a http://wc.pima.edu/~mberdine new political and a new social order. French Revolution French Revolution Background Background • The long-range or indirect causes of the • The First Estate consisted of the clergy and French Revolution must first be sought in numbered about 130,000 people who owned the condition of French society. approximately 10% of the land. – Before the Revolution, France was a society – Clergy were exempt from the taille, France’s chief tax. grounded in the inequality of rights or the idea – Clergy were also radically divided: of privilege. • The higher clergy, stemming from aristocratic families, shared – Its population of 27 million was divided, as it the interests of the nobility; • While the parish priests were often poor and from the class of had been since the Middle Ages, into three commoners. orders, or Estates. French Revolution French Revolution Background Background • The Second Estate was the nobility, composed of Second Estate (cont.) about 350,000 people who nevertheless owned about 25 to 30% of the land. – Moreover, the possession of privileges – The nobility had continued to play an important and remained a hallmark of the nobility. -
The Coming of the Terror in the French Revolution
THE COMING OF THE TERROR IN THE FRENCH REVOLUTION The Coming of the Terror in the French Revolution Timothy Tackett The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, En gland 2015 Copyright © 2015 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First printing Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Tackett, Timothy, 1945– Th e coming of the terror in the French Revolution / Timothy Tackett. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978- 0- 674- 73655- 9 (alk. paper) 1. France— History—Reign of Terror, 1793– 1794. 2. France— History—Revolution, 1789– 1799. I. Title. DC183.T26 2015 944.04—dc23 2014023992 Contents List of Illustrations vii List of Maps ix Introduction: Th e Revolutionary Pro cess 1 1 Th e Revolutionaries and Th eir World in 1789 13 2 Th e Spirit of ’89 39 3 Th e Breakdown of Authority 70 4 Th e Menace of Counterrevolution 96 5 Between Hope and Fear 121 6 Th e Factionalization of France 142 7 Fall of the Monarchy 172 8 Th e First Terror 192 9 Th e Convention and the Trial of the King 217 10 Th e Crisis of ’93 245 11 Revolution and Terror until Victory 280 12 Th e Year II and the Great Terror 312 Conclusion: Becoming a Terrorist 340 Abbreviations 351 Notes 353 Sources and Bibliography 419 A c k n o w l e d g m e n t s 447 Index 449 Illustrations Th e Tennis Court Oath 50 Attack on the Bastille 56 Market women leave Paris en route to Versailles 67 Federation Ball 93 Confrontation between Catholics and -
AP European History Chapter 18 the French Revolution Overview The
AP European History Chapter 18 The French Revolution Overview The shape of the modern world first became visible during ten years of upheaval in France, between the years 1789 and 1799. Radical ideas about society and government were developed during the 18th century in response to the success of the “Scientific” and “intellectual” revolutions of the preceding two centuries. Armed with new scientific knowledge of the physical universe, as well as a new view of human capacity to detect “truth,” social critics assailed the existing modes of thought governing political social, religious and economic life. Thus the modern world that came of age in the 18th century was characterized by rapid, revolutionary changes, which paved the way for economic modernization and political centralization throughout Europe. The ideas and institutions created by the revolutionaries would be perpetuated and extended by Napoleon Bonaparte, who conquered and converted Europe. Terms Marie Antoinette Civil Constitution of the Clergy Louis XVI Declaration of Pillnitz Abbe Sieyes Legislative Assembly Danton The Convention Maximilian Robespierre Jacobins Edmund Burke Enrages Estates General Sans-culottes Three Estates (characteristics) Committee of Public Safety The Bastille The Republic of Virtue Great Fear Thermidorian Reaction Declaration of the Rights of Man The Directory Declaration of the Rights of Woman Reign of Terror National Constituent Assembly Emigres Temple of Reason Levee En Masse Assignats Refractory priests Varennes Tennis Court Oath Girondist Constitution of 1791 September Massacres Cahiers de doleances Jacques Louis David Jean Paul Marat Chapter 18 Review Questions: 1. How did the financial weakness of the French monarchy lay the foundations of the revolution of 1789? 2. -
1 Social Studies Name
Social Studies Name: _______________________ Directions: Complete the following questions using the link listed below. You will need to go to the related websites and videos listed on the website in order to complete all of the questions. http://www.history.com/topics/french-revolution For question #1 use the video that plays at the top of the website. 1. According to the video, what makes the French Revolution significant to our lives today (Western Society)? Explain. 1 2. What were the Three Estates in French society? Explain each. 3. According to the website, what led to the explosive anger among the representatives of the Third Estate? The following picture is represents the three estates in France. Use it to answer question #4. 4. In what ways does the picture above represent French society before the French Revolution? 2 5. When did the French Revolution begin and when did it last until? 6. According to the website, what left France on the “brink of bankruptcy” near the end of the 18th Century? 7. Besides the financial issues facing France, what else caused unrest to begin among the French peasants? 8. What was the Estates-General? 9. What was request of the Third Estate at the Estates-General? Why would they want this? 10. Who represented the Third Estate at the Estates-General? 3 11. An argument between the Estates broke out during the meeting of the Estates- General. What was the argument over? 12. France’s population had changed considerably since 1614. The non-aristocratic members of the Third Estate now represented _____ percent of the people 13. -
French Revolution by the History Channel Continued
French Revolution Name: ______________________________ Period: _______ By The History Channel Pre Movie Work: Three Estates of France: First = Clergy: 130,000 (1%) Second = Nobility: 280,000 (2%) Third = Everyone Else: 27.4m (97%) The Assembly of the Estates: Clergy Votes: 33.3% Nobility Votes:33.3% Everyone Else Votes: 33.3% The Elements of the French Revolution: Weak Leadership: Louis XVI was a weak State of the state: France was in weak- Crisis: Louis dabbles in the markets and the monarch that bankrupted the country by aiding ened position economically, bad harvests, price of flour sky-rockets which makes the price America and leaving his state in a weak position. of bread double. People begin to starve... weak leadership. The Enlightenment: This period is marked by an intense movement to learn and discuss ideas including politics, religion, the state, the state of the state, should the state change its methods, its leaders, its policies, and how should that change come? Slowly, quickly, peacefully, or violently? This was the “climate” which nurtured the sentiment that would surface after the crisis. The French Revolution is famous because: For the first time in Europe a people rose up against feudal aristocratic rule and dis- mantled the structure of power including aristocracy (equality for all) the Church (powerful church figures, wealth, & property), people began to believe they could recreate almost everything in a society including, politics, institutions, human nature itself through political and violent action. Democracy?: Look at the manner in which the Assembly of States was structured. The Clergy and Nobility could easily defeat the Third Estate democratically by voting as a block. -
The French Revolution and 23 Napoleon, 1789–1815
CHAPTER The French Revolution and 23 Napoleon, 1789–1815 Essential Question Previewing Themes What was the impact of the French Revolution, the rise and fall of Napoleon, ECONOMICS The gap between rich and poor in France was vast. and the Congress of Vienna? The inequalities of the economy of France were a major cause of the French Revolution. What You Will Learn Geography Why do you think the royal palace at Versailles became a focal point for the anger of the poor people of Paris In this chapter you will learn about the French during the Revolution? Revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte's empire, and the Congress of Vienna. REVOLUTION Driven by the example of the American Revolution SECTION 1 The French Revolution Begins and such Enlightenment ideas as liberty, equality, and democracy, Economic and social inequalities the French ousted the government of Louis XVI and established a in the Old Regime helped cause the French new political order. Revolution. Geography Why do you think some historians cite the “wind from SECTION 2 Revolution Brings Reform and Terror America” as a cause of the French Revolution? The revolutionary government of France made reforms but also used terror and POWER AND AUTHORITY After seizing power in 1799, Napoleon violence to retain power. conquered a huge empire that included much of Western Europe. SECTION 3 Napoleon Forges an Empire His attempt to conquer Russia, however, led to his downfall. Napoleon Bonaparte, a military Geography What challenges and hazards of invading Russia might genius, seized power in France and made be inferred from the map? himself emperor.