DOCSLIB.ORG

Imperial College & Science Museum Libraries

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Imperial College & Science Museum Libraries 0275432 0 v.-/ pother'work* reported in t bi 2p % ' $ r ' s ?§ was 'carri e^ ^ d ^ V --' ■ ‘ . V' ’'"; ■ V.' •■■•■ . <$,-'W»*VV at Leeds University and at Imperial College* Londai^f(under the supervision of the late Prof. J.V. Watson). Tbe, bulk of the non-palaeomagnetic work* which formed a very .ffcjjdrtant and integral part of the overall study* was per^ffted f,t ,:V .. , .. -jy 4*.« • ■■ Imperial College. This work is referred to a n c& JH scussed ■ 7 * r :*Vi ■ throughout the thesis* particularly in chapter 6 V - im ­ parts of chapters 3*T,7 and 8. Selected raw data are gi.ye/ijVin;;:; • K appendices C and D. Conclusions based specifically on mi nera logi c “J 1 ----1 ~ ~ 1 ~ - - - ---- - sections 9.3 and 9.4 Imperial College & Science Museum Libraries London SW7 2AZ Issue Desk Tel. 020-7594 8810 LONG LOAN To be returned by the last date stamped (normally one term), or after three weeks if the book is reserved by another reader. A fine may be charged if the book is returned late. Palaeomagnetfsm of Old Red Sandstones and related rocks of the Orcadian Basin, including mineralogical studies of the remanence carriers Martin A. Robinson Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Diploma of the Imperial College (DIC) Main depart men t: A Iso at: Dept- of Earth Sciences Dept. of Geology The University Impe rial College Leeds London February 1986 ABSTRACT A wide range of rock types, including sediments# extrusive lavas and intrusive igneous rocks# have been analysed in an attempt to suggest a model for remanence acquisition in the Orcadian Basin. Extrusive lavas and their baked contacts (of upper Middle ORS age) give a mean palaeomagnetic pole position of Lat. ION# Long. 163E. This is proposed as a good estimate of the upper Middle ORS geomagnetic field with respect to northern Scotland. A similar pole to that of the lavas is found in many sediments# particularly those of Emsian or upper ORS age. The primary remanence is carried predominantly in hematite although a few sites which escaped early oxidation may show a primary magnetite component. Oxidation of detrital magnetite is considered to be the chief mechanism by which a primary hematitic remanence was acquired. Detrital grains often show marked martitisation textures indicative of oxidation; they give analyses strongly suggestive of hematite. The primary remanence may be found in close association with a secondary Carboniferous-Permian component# often in the same specimen. Attempts have been made to characterise the nature of this secondary remanence using a variety of techniques# particularly electron microscopy and geochemical analysis. These would seem to suggest that much of the secondary remanence resulted from the diagenesis of ferroan carbonates; these may constitute a large part of the rock (e.g. the Midle ORS lacustrine laminites# which have been totally remagnetised) or may be present only as a minor cement (e.g. some of the Lower ORS and many other formations). Delayed martitisation probably also occurred# as evidenced by late diagenetic titanium oxides. A model is proposed in which remagnetisation of sediments occurred during the Kiaman reversed polarity period as a result of a very deeply depressed water table level# resulting from extreme continentality and aridity. This enabled processes to occur to a very great depth which are normally associated with surface conditions. Such processes are those which require the free flow of water and/or high Eh# such as oxidation of magnetite and calcitisation and leaching of ferroan carbonate cements. By this means# a pervasive oxidative remagnetisation of a very great thickness of sediment could occur. Such a model may be extended to many other Upper Palaeozoic sediments throughout Laurentia-Baltica which are currently being recognised as having suffered severe oxidative remagnetisation in the Kiaman. This has been tested by an analysis of Carboniferous sandstones on the Solway Firth which have been found to have acquired a post- tectonic remanence. Any further studies of the Upper Palaeozoic# particularly sediments such as redbeds and carbonates# will need to follow a similar pattern of investigation in order to characterise their remanence sufficiently well to enable the apparent polar wander path for the period to have any validity. The use of the electron microscope in such studies is particularly recomended. This thesis is dedicated to the memory of Tarqui n Tea le ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My thanks must go first and foremost to my two supervisors/ Prof- J-C- Briden (Leeds University) and Prof. J-V- Watson (Imperial College). Their interest and enthusiasm for very different but closely inter-related aspects of Earth Sciences laid the foundations for a very varied and challenging research project. Janet Watson’s untimely death part way through the study was an enormous loss which will be felt very deeply by many people for a very long period of time. It was the loss not only of an outstanding and pioneering geologist but also of one of the most sincere/ friendly and helpful people in the geological community. I would like to thank Tim Astin* Dave Hatfield* Dave Ord* John Parnell and Doyle Watts* in addition to my supervisors* for invaluable advice and assistance in the field. Tim Astin is also thanked for organising a very useful and informative thematic conference on the Orcadian Basin. The support and assistance of the 'Palaeomag Crew* (Martin Bates* Dave Hatfield* Buffy McClelland Brown* Bundan Mubroto* David Robertson and Mark Smethurst) is greatly appreciated* particularly the efforts of Mark Smethurst to bring computer graphics into the 21st century and of Dave Hatfield and Buffy McClelland Brown to keep equipment functional against all the odds. On the technical side* the assistance of Mrs E. Bannerjee (ICP analysis)* Dr. E. Condliffe* Mr. R. Giddens and Mr. P. Grant (electron microscopy)* Mr. R. Boud (cartography)* Dr. R. Clark (computing)* Mr. F. Bouckley (ferrous iron determinations)* Mr. A. Grey (sample preparation)* Mr. F. Johnston (just about everything) and the technical and support staff of both Leeds University and Imperial College is gratefully acknowledged. The photography department of Leeds University made especial efforts in plate production. In addition to names already mentionedd* discussion and help from many people including Mr. M. Enfield* Prof. E.H. Francis* Dr.M. Leeder* Dr.R. Raiswell and Prof.D. Shearman has been of invaluable assistance. On a less formal note* the members of the departments of both Leeds and I.C. have a tot to answer for. I would particularly like to mention Jan Alexander* Mark Bennett* Sarah Drewery* Basem El-Haddadeh* Steve Flint* Alison Fraser* Rob Gawthorpe* Kathryn Loynes* Bob Maddock* Keith Myers* Clive Neal* Andy Sims* Ann Strudwick* Andy Thickpenny* Alastair Welbon (proof-reader and photocopier extraordinaire)* John Wheeler and Jeremy Young* in addition to many other friends (both within these departments and in my ’other life*)* from whom it would be unfair to select a small number of names. Penu11imate l y* I would like to offer my sincere gratitude to my family for their love and support* especially during the hard times. The final months of this research were marred by the sudden death in Italy of Tarquin Teale* one of the closest friends one could wish to have. This thesis is dedicated to his memory. IV SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED a95 Circle of 95% confidence about a mean direction A95 Semi-angle of the 95*i cone of confidence about a VGP AF Alternating Field APW Apparent Polar Wander ARM Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetisation B Magnetic induction Be Coe rc i ve force Bs Saturating field Cong • Cong l omerate CRM Chemical Remanent Magnetisation dp/ dm Oval of 95S confidence about a VGP Dec • Declination DRM Detrital Remanent Magnetisation DW Dykewidth /^ecLoc pyt EM Eday Marls EPMA Electron Probe Microanalysis EV Eday Volcani cs f Frequency factor GGF Great Glen Fault H Magnet i c field ICP Inductively-coupled plasma spectroscopy IRM Isothermal Remanent Magnetisation J Magneti sat ion K Conduct i vi ty k Di ffusivi ty k Estimate of Fisher's precision parameter LES Lower Eday Sandstone M Magnetic dipole moment per unit volume Ms Saturation Magnetisation Mr Unsaturated IRM Mrs Saturation IRM MCR Multi-component Remanence md multidomain MES Middle Eday Sandstone m . y . Million years N Number (of observations etc) NspsNsi. Number of specimens/sites NRM Natural Remanent Magnetisation ORS Old Red Sandstone PEF Present Earth's Field (direction) psd pseudo-single domain PTRM Partial Thermoremanent Magnetisation PWP Polar Wander Path Q Koenigsberger Ratio R Resultant (of N^^ectors) SCR Single-Component Remanence sd single-domain SEI Secondary Electron Image SEM Scanning Electron Microscope Tb Blocking Temperature Tc Curie Temperature T c o Contact Temperature T CRM Thermo-Chemical Remanent Magnetisation Th The rmal Ti Intrusion temperature TiMt Ti t anomagne t i t e TRM Thermoremanent Magnetisation UES Upper Eday Sandstone v Volume (of a magnetic grain) VGP Virtual Geomagnetic Pole VRM Viscous Remanent Magnetisation Z Atomic Numbe r Volume Susceptibility Initial Susceptibility r Relaxation time CONTENTS V| Abstract i Dedication ji Acknowledgements ijj Symbols and abbreviations jv Contents vi Figures x Tables xii PlateS xiij CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1. Preface 1 1-2. Sampling strategy and objectives 4 1.3. Structure of thesis 5 1.4. Experimental techniques 1.4.1. Palaeomagnetic techniques 5 1.4.2. Other techniques 8 1.5. Pa l aeomagnetic units 8 CHAPTER 2 GEOLOGICAL AND PALAEOMAGNETIC BACKGROUND 2.1. The Orcadian Basin 2.1.1. The Orcadian Basin in context 10 2.1.2. Old Red Sandstone of the Orcadian Basin 10 2.1.3. Bulk analyses and source areas 20 2.1.4. Origin of the basin 20 2.1.5. Structure 22 2.1.6.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Expeditions Summer 1973
    SCHOOLS HEBRIDEAN SOCIETY SOUTH RONA EXPEDITIONS SUMMER 1973 COLONSAY THE SCHOOLS HEBRIDEAN SOCIETY W as Born after an expedition to the island of Rhum organised by ten undergraduates and schoolboys in 1959. Has since 1960 successfully organised more than 40 expeditions to more than 20 different sites in the Hebrides and, lately, Shetlands. Is in 1973, mounting the expeditions shown on the opposite page and providing the opportunity for boys of all ages to experience an unusual and challenging situation. Believes that the beauty and remoteness of the Hebridean setting contributes toward the value derived from expeditions by the members. Provides the opportunity for boys to learn the techniques of climbing, walking and canoeing under the instruction of specialist officers. Encourages project work, depending upon the nature of the island—the study of ornithology usually features in every expedition. Provides tents, cooking and eating utensils, boats, canoes and climbing equipment— but each expedition builds its own furniture! Ensures that safety rules arc strictly adhered to it is always possible to obtain a doctor, even on the remotest islands. Limits the size of its expeditions to between twenty and thirty boys, with a Leader, a Camp Administrator and between six and nine officers. Welcomes all boys who are prepared to regard their expedition as something more than a "holiday” and work hard for its success. Proprietor: THE SCHOOLS HEBRIDEAN COMPANY LIMITED (Registered as a charity) COLONSAY EXPEDITION GROUP L 1973 (Age 12¾-14 years) In the southern part of the Inner Hebrides, Colonsay is a small island with a remarkably varied terrain which has proved eminently suitable for previous junior expeditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Provisii)Nal Atlas of the Mammals
    I I T PROVISII)NALATLAS I I OFTHE T MAMMALS I OFTHE BRITISH ISLES I I I Edited for the MammalSociety by I Henry R.ARNOLD I I NaturalEnvironment Research Council, The Instituteof TerrestrialEcology, t MonksWood Experimental Station, AbbotsRipton, I Huntingdon, T I 1978 I f,3.00 rsBN 0-9042A2-19-a I Producedby the Biological RecordsCentre, Institute of Te.rBstrialEcology under contract to the Nature ConservancyCouncil Copyright tsBN0.004282.19€ I INTRODUCTION In 1965the MammalSociety began the collectionof mammaldistribution records on a 10 km. squarebasis. The recordingscheme was co-ord inated by Dr G B Corbetat the British Museumof I Nitural History. In 1971a setof provisionaldistribution maps was published in MammalRetuiew (Corbet1971)io providea statementof distributionas then knownand to stimulatefurther recording I by showingiust how muchremained to be done. The dataused to producethe 1971maps have been transferred to MonksWood and will be entered into the BiologicalRecords Centre national data bank. The presentset of mapshas been prepared as a secondprogress report and a furtherstimulus to recording.The mapsare stillvery muchprovisional, I particularlythose of the smallermammals. I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I My primedebt is to Dr G B Corbet,who laid the foundationsfor this setof mapswith the work he did on the fifst ten yearsof the Survey, lam alsograteful tothe many recorders,both within andwithoutthe MammalSociety, who have continued to sendin records. I havealso receivedinvaluable assistance from the organisersof specialsurveys and the I Group referees:-Dr S Harris(Harvest Mice), Dr P Chanin(Otters), Miss E Hurrell(Dormice), M Clarke(Deer), R W Vaughan(Seals), E D Clementsand MissFarquharson (Badgers), and Dr R E Stebbings(Bats).
    [Show full text]
  • The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation
    M DC, — _ CO ^. E CO iliSNrNVINOSHilWS' S3ldVyan~LIBRARlES*"SMITHS0N!AN~lNSTITUTl0N N' oCO z to Z (/>*Z COZ ^RIES SMITHSONIAN_INSTITUTlON NOIiniIiSNI_NVINOSHllWS S3ldVaan_L: iiiSNi'^NviNOSHiiNS S3iavyan libraries Smithsonian institution N( — > Z r- 2 r" Z 2to LI ^R I ES^'SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTlON'"NOIini!iSNI~NVINOSHilVMS' S3 I b VM 8 11 w </» z z z n g ^^ liiiSNi NviNOSHims S3iyvyan libraries Smithsonian institution N' 2><^ =: to =: t/J t/i </> Z _J Z -I ARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIiniliSNI NVINOSHilWS SSIdVyan L — — </> — to >'. ± CO uiiSNi NViNosHiiws S3iyvaan libraries Smithsonian institution n CO <fi Z "ZL ~,f. 2 .V ^ oCO 0r Vo^^c>/ - -^^r- - 2 ^ > ^^^^— i ^ > CO z to * z to * z ARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNl NVINOSHllWS S3iaVdan L to 2 ^ '^ ^ z "^ O v.- - NiOmst^liS^> Q Z * -J Z I ID DAD I re CH^ITUCnMIAM IMOTtTIITinM / c. — t" — (/) \ Z fj. Nl NVINOSHIIINS S3 I M Vd I 8 H L B R AR I ES, SMITHSONlAN~INSTITUTION NOIlfl :S^SMITHS0NIAN_ INSTITUTION N0liniliSNI__NIVIN0SHillMs'^S3 I 8 VM 8 nf LI B R, ^Jl"!NVINOSHimS^S3iavyan"'LIBRARIES^SMITHS0NIAN~'lNSTITUTI0N^NOIin L '~^' ^ [I ^ d 2 OJ .^ . ° /<SS^ CD /<dSi^ 2 .^^^. ro /l^2l^!^ 2 /<^ > ^'^^ ^ ..... ^ - m x^^osvAVix ^' m S SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION — NOIlfliliSNrNVINOSHimS^SS iyvyan~LIBR/ S "^ ^ ^ c/> z 2 O _ Xto Iz JI_NVIN0SH1I1/MS^S3 I a Vd a n^LI B RAR I ES'^SMITHSONIAN JNSTITUTION "^NOlin Z -I 2 _j 2 _j S SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI NVINOSHilWS S3iyVaan LI BR/ 2: r- — 2 r- z NVINOSHiltNS ^1 S3 I MVy I 8 n~L B R AR I Es'^SMITHSONIAN'iNSTITUTIOn'^ NOlin ^^^>^ CO z w • z i ^^ > ^ s smithsonian_institution NoiiniiiSNi to NviNosHiiws'^ss I dVH a n^Li br; <n / .* -5^ \^A DO « ^\t PUBLISHED BI-MONTHLY ENTOMOLOGIST'S RECORD AND Journal of Variation Edited by P.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Studies Vol. 12: an T-Eilean Sgitheanach: Port Rìgh, an Srath
    Gàidhlig (Scottish Gaelic) Local Studies Vol. 12 : An t-Eilean Sgitheanach: Port Rìgh, An Srath & Slèite 2 nd Edition Gàidhlig (Scottish Gaelic) Local Studies 1 Vol. 12: An t-Eilean Sgitheanach: Port Rìgh, An Srath & Slèite (Isle of Skye: Portree, Strath & Sleat) Author: Kurt C. Duwe 2nd Edition April, 2006 Executive Summary This publication is part of a series dealing with local communities which were predominantly Gaelic- speaking at the end of the 19 th century. Based mainly (but not exclusively) on local population census information the reports strive to examine the state of the language through the ages from 1881 until to- day. The most relevant information is gathered comprehensively for the smallest geographical unit pos- sible and provided area by area – a very useful reference for people with interest in their own commu- nity. Furthermore the impact of recent developments in education (namely teaching in Gaelic medium and Gaelic as a second language) is analysed for primary school catchments. The Isle of Skye has been a Gaelic-speaking stronghold for centuries. After World War II decline set in especially in the main townships of Portree, Broadford and Kyleakin. However, in recent years a re- markable renaissance has taken place with a considerable success in Gaelic-medium education and of course the establishment and growth of the Gaelic further education college at Sabhal Mòr Ostaig on the Sleat peninsula. Foundations have now been laid for a successful regeneration of Gaelic in the south- eastern parts of the Isle of Skye. However, there is still much room for improvement especially in the pre-school sector and in a few locations like Raasay where Gaelic has shown a dramatic decline recently.
    [Show full text]
  • Outer Hebrides (2017)
    Clyde Cruising Club Amendments to Sailing Directions © Clyde Cruising Club Publications Ltd. Outer Hebrides (2017) This PDF file contains all the amendments for the above volume of the CCC Sailing Directions issued since the edition date shown in brackets. They are grouped by the date of issue and listed by page number. Plans are included only where major changes have been made or when certain amendments are difficult to describe. Users should be aware that the amendments to this website are not made with the same frequency as those issued by official hydrographic and navigational sources . Accordingly it remains necessary for those who use the CCC Sailing Directions as an aid to navigation to consult the most recent editions of Admiralty charts, all relevant Notices to Mariners issued by the UKHO, NLB, Port Authorities and others in order to obtain the latest information. Caution Whilst the Publishers and Author have used reasonable endeavours to ensure the accuracy of the contents of the Sailing Directions, and these amendments to them, they contain selected information and thus are not definitive and do not include all known information for each and every location described, nor for all conditions of weather and tide. They are written for yachts of moderate draft and should not be used by larger craft. They should be used only as an aid to navigation in conjunction with official charts, pilots, hydrographic data and all other information, published or unpublished, available to the navigator. Skippers should not place reliance on the Sailing Directions in preference to exercising their own judgement.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 0 1 5 Annual
    IRISH CRUISING CLUB 2015 ANNUAL 2 0 1 5 ANNUAL IRISH CRUISING CLUB Published by Irish Cruising Club Publications Limited. © 2015 Irish Cruising Club Publications Limited, for private circulation. Front and Back Covers: Ainmara in Strangford Narrows, with the Mourne Mountains behind. Photo: Pete Adams Frontispiece: Coire Uisge in Blind Harbour, Co. Waterford. Photo: Norman Kean. Submissions for the 2016 Annual To reach the Honorary Editor, Ed Wheeler, Hilltop Farm, 31 Ballyhay Rd., Donaghadee, Co Down, BT21 0LU. Email: [email protected]. Tel. 00 44 28 91 884098, Mob. 00 44 7896733942, by Fri 21st October 2016. Logs received after that date will not be included nor considered for an award. Notes for Contributors Logs Length: may be typically 1,000-5,000 words, major cruises 6,000-10,000. Format: logs should be submitted by email or on disc or data stick in MS Word or Text format only. Log titles must include the name of the author and the name of the area cruised. Track charts are always useful and will be standardised from sketch maps submitted in paper or electronic format. Summaries (including such items as dates and durations of passages, etc) are optional but desirable. Photographs: send about 1 photo per 800 words. Photos should be .jpg or similar format. Photographs may be emailed. Please ensure that captions are provided for all photographs. Photographs which illustrate the places visited in a manner useful to other members are appreciated. Pictures of members and their crews are welcome, but be sure to indicate the names in the caption (in the sequence shown on the photograph).
    [Show full text]
  • O Rth East Skye
    7 k . u 2 h. 0 lso 1 a c N h . c m o f L n i l dl DUNTULMn i a u 7 e c . y : FLODIGARRY o 2 k e 0 S n 1 l i g n Flora n o i MacDonald's QUIRAING v n r e Monument r e t S s l i KILMUIR T STAFFIN t UIG R O h T L i T E CU R N E GLENHINNISDALE I S H a ORNISH KENSALEYRE Old Man s of Storr E t BERNISDALE S S S k Snap shot y Spectacular landscape and incredible rock formations make a leisurely drive through e the North East of Skye a must do for any itinerary 56 The Kilmartin Mon–Sat 10am–5pmLic etnhseend R6 e–s8ta.u3r0anptm /Café Good Scottish Fayre • Homebaking (made on site) ContaFcrte Msho Braargis otan C 0of1fe4e7 •0T 5ak6e2a3w2a2y Fish & Chips, etc Find uLso cianl ASrttas fafnind CCroamftsm • uChniiltdyre Hn aWlel,l cSotmae ffin (OPEN UNTIL 9pm DURING AUGUST) Check out The Visitor website at www.welcometothehighlands.com ! ! Ellishadder ART CAFE Ellishadder Art Café offers irresistible home baking, mouth-watering meals using fresh local produce, original artwork, a luxury range of handmade gifts and a warm welcome! We look forward to seeing you soon! ! dogs welcome ! credit cards accepted ! Ellishadder, Nr Staffin, Isle of Skye IV51 9JE 01470 562734 www.ellishadderartcafe.co.uk 57 58 Published by West Highland Publishing Company Limited, Pairc nan Craobh, Broadford, Isle of Skye IV49 9AP TRACK LISTING 1 The Loch Tay Boat Song 2 Introduction The FREE V THE 3 South West Ross – Lochcarron, Plockton, Kyle 4 North West Ross – north of Lochcarron to Ullapool Holiday Guide 5 South Skye, Sleat and Mallaig 6 Portree, Central Skye and Raasay to
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity Studies of Trifolium Species from the Extremes of the UK
    Genetic diversity studies of Trifolium species from the extremes of the UK by SERENE HARGREAVES A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Biosciences College of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Birmingham September 2010 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT Crop wild relatives have been identified as ecologically and economically important plant genetic resources but are often a neglected resource. The recognition of the need for their specific conservation and their value for future use has been strengthened by the Convention on Biological Diversity and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, both of which have been ratified by the UK. This thesis provides a detailed view of the ecological, geographic and genetic background to three crop wild relative species, Trifolium dubium, T. pratense and T. repens, of which the latter two are amongst some of the most economically important legume species in the UK. Assessments of ecogeography, amplified fragment polymorphism and single nucleotide polymorphism markers were employed to investigate the distribution of variation in these species across the UK, including outlying island sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Butterflies on British and Irish Offshore Islands
    Butterflies on British and Irish offshore islands: Ecology and Biogeography i. Butterflies on British and Irish offshore islands: Ecology and Biogeography Roger L. H. Dennis The Manchester Museum, Manchester University, Oxford Road, Manchester M 13 9PL & Tim G. Shreeve School of Biological & Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford 0X3 OBP GEM PUBLISHING COMPANY, WALLINGFORD iii Gem Publishing Company Brightwell cum Sotwell Wallingford, Oxfordshire 0X10 OQD Copyright © R.L.H. Dennis &T.G. Shreeve, 1996 First published December 1996 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Gem Publishing Company. Within the UK, exceptions are allowed in respect of any fair dealing for the purpose of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 0 906802 06 7 Typeset by Gem Publishing Company, Wallingford, Oxfordshire. Printed in England by Swindon Press Ltd, Swindon, Wiltshire. iv. For Tom Dunn and the late Ian Lorimer v. CONTENTS List of Figures vii List of Tables viii Preface ix Acknowledgements xi I. Biogeography of butterflies on British and Irish offshore islands 1. Ecology of butterflies on islands 1 2. Analysis of island records 9 3. Factors underlying species' richness on islands 13 4. Relationships among islands for butterfly faunas 23 5. Butterfly associations on islands 31 6. Predicting butterfly records for islands 37 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Status of Cetaceans in the Vicinity of the Isle of Skye
    STATUS OF CETACEANS IN THE VICINITY OF THE ISLE OF SKYE Peter G.H. Evans 1, 2 and Kathy James 3 1Sea Watch Foundation, Ewyn y Don, Bull Bay, Amlwch, Anglesey LL68 9SD 2School of Ocean Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Bangor, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB 3Sea Watch Foundation, Paragon House, Wellington Place, New Quay, Ceredigion SA45 9NR INTRODUCTION The waters around the Isle of Skye are some of the richest of any coastal region in the UK for cetaceans, and one of the most important regions in Northwest Europe (Evans, 1998). Sixteen species of cetaceans have been recorded in the vicinity of the Isle of Skye since 1980 (Table 1), eleven of which are either present throughout the year or recorded annually as seasonal visitors. Some (e.g. sperm whale, northern bottlenose whale, and Cuvier’s beaked whale) are pelagic species that normally live along or west of the continental shelf edge, and rarely come close inshore. However, they may be attracted to the seas around Skye as they include some of the deepest waters in the British Isles, with depths to 230 metres between the island of Rum and the Sleat Peninsula, and to 316 metres in the Inner Sound between Raasay and the mainland. The status and seasonal occurrence of the eleven most common species are summarised below, along with distribution maps showing sightings plots. Overall, North Atlantic and UK status are taken from Evans et al . (2003), Reid et al . (2003), and Hammond et al . (2013) with updates as appropriate. DATA SOURCES The Sea Watch Foundation has been running a sighting scheme from the mid 1970s, utilising volunteer observers all around the UK, including the west of Scotland (Evans, 1976, 1980; Evans et al ., 1986; Evans, 1990, 1998; Evans et al ., 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Pabay (Harris), Pabaigh
    Iain Mac an Tàilleir 2003 94 Pabay (Harris), Pabaigh. Peinness (Skye), Peighinn an Easa. "Priest island", from Norse. A native of "The pennyland by the waterfall or stream". Pabay was a Pabach or cathan, "sea bird". Penbreck (Ayr). Pabbay (Barra, Skye), Pabaigh. "Speckled pennyland", from Peighinn Breac. See Pabay. Penick (Nairn). Paible (North Uist), Paibeil. This may be "small pennyland", from "Priest village", from Norse. A saying warns, Peighinneag. Na toir bó á Paibeil, 's na toir bean á Penifiler (Skye), Peighinn nam Fìdhleir. Boighreigh, "Don't take a cow from Paible or "The pennyland of the fiddlers". a wife from Boreray". Peninerine (South Uist), Peighinn nan Paiblesgarry (North Uist), Paiblisgearraidh. Aoireann. "The pennyland at the raised "Fertile land of Paible", from Norse. beaches". Pairc (Lewis), A' Phàirc. Pennycross (Mull), Peighinn na Croise. "The park". The full name is A' Phàirc "The pennyland of the cross", the cross in Leódhasach, "the Lewis Park". question being Crois an Ollaimh, known as Paisley (Renfrew), Pàislig. "Beaton's Cross" in English. "Basilica". Pennyghael (Mull), Peighinn a' Ghaidheil. Palascaig (Ross), Feallasgaig. "The pennyland of the Gael". "Hilly strip of land", from Norse. Pensoraig (Skye), Peighinn Sòraig. Palnure (Kirkcudbright). "Pennyland by the muddy bay", from Gaelic/ This may be "the pool by the yew tree or Norse. trees", from Poll an Iubhair or Poll nan Pentaskill (Angus). Iubhar, but see Achanalt. "Land of the gospel", from Pictish pett and Panbride (Angus). Gaelic soisgeul. "Bridget's hollow", with Brythonic pant, Persie (Perth), Parasaidh or Parsaidh. "hollow", or a gaelicised version giving Pann See Pearsie. Brìghde. Perth, Peairt.
    [Show full text]
  • Download (2MB)
    Crawford, Ross Mackenzie (2016) Warfare in the West Highlands and Isles of Scotland, c. 1544-1615. PhD thesis http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7310/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Warfare in the West Highlands and Isles of Scotland, c. 1544-1615 Ross Mackenzie Crawford Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Scottish History January 2016 School of Humanities College of Arts University of Glasgow Abstract Warfare has long been associated with Scottish Highlanders and Islanders, especially in the period known in Gaelic tradition as „Linn nan Creach‟ (the „Age of Forays‟), which followed the forfeiture of the Lordship of the Isles in 1493. The sixteenth century in general is remembered as a particularly tumultuous time within the West Highlands and Isles, characterised by armed conflict on a seemingly unprecedented scale. Relatively little research has been conducted into the nature of warfare however, a gap filled by this thesis through its focus on a series of interconnected themes and in-depth case studies spanning the period c.
    [Show full text]