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Langages, Espaces, Temps, Societes » La Transmission UNIVERSITE DE FRANCHE-COMTE ECOLE DOCTORALE « LANGAGES, ESPACES, TEMPS, SOCIETES » Thèse en vue de l’obtention du titre de docteur en SOCIOLOGIE LA TRANSMISSION DES SAVOIRS DU SKATEBOARD A L’EPREUVE DES NOUVELLES TECHNOLOGIES DE L’INFORMATION ET DE LA COMMUNICATION (Volume 1) Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Sébastien CRETIN Le 25 Octobre 2007 Sous la co-direction de Mme la Professeur Dominique JACQUES-JOUVENOT Et M Gilles VIEILLE-MARCHISET Maître de Conférence Universitaire- Habilité à diriger des recherches Membres du jury : Christophe GIBOUT, Maître de conférences à l’université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale Dominique JACQUES-JOUVENOT, Professeur à l’université de Franche-Comté Pascal LARDELLIER, Professeur à l’université de Bourgogne Gilles VIEILLE-MARCHISET, Maître de Conférences à l’université de Franche-Comté - Habilité à diriger des recherches LA TRANSMISSION DES SAVOIRS DU SKATEBOARD A L’EPREUVE DES NOUVELLES TECHNOLOGIES DE L’INFORMATION ET DE LA COMMUNICATION - Page 2 sur 515 - LA TRANSMISSION DES SAVOIRS DU SKATEBOARD A L’EPREUVE DES NOUVELLES TECHNOLOGIES DE L’INFORMATION ET DE LA COMMUNICATION Remerciements Je tiens sincèrement à remercier l’ensemble des personnes qui ont été à mes côtés durant la réalisation de cette thèse. D’une part, à Dominique Jacques-Jouvenot et à Gilles Vieille-Marchiset qui ont accepté d’assumer la direction de mes recherches depuis mon DEA, et qui m’ont guidé par leurs regards avisés de sociologues. Je leur suis très reconnaissant de m’avoir fait part de leurs connaissances et d’avoir su orienter mes lectures et mes recherches. Leurs conseils, ainsi que leurs critiques, m’ont accompagné jusqu'à l’achèvement de ma thèse. D’autre part, à Eric Amiotte et à Claude Filisetti qui ont cru en moi et qui m’ont donné la chance et les moyens, de réaliser cette thèse tout en travaillant dans leur entreprise. Le ministère de la recherche et l’Association Nationale de la Recherche Technique, qui m’ont soutenu financièrement pendant ces trois années par l’intermédiaire d’une Convention Industrielle de Formation par la Recherche en Entreprise (CIFRE). Aux skateurs interviewés, et particulièrement à Johan, Ludovic, et Guillaume qui m’ont consacré du temps et m’ont fait partager leurs passions sur cet univers fabuleux qu’est le skateboard. Aux membres du laboratoire LASA et de l’association ACE-SHS, et notamment aux doctorants (Isabelle, Emmanuelle, Sébastien), qui s’attèlent à achever leur thèse, et qui m’ont apporté à de multiples occasions des références et des réflexions sur ma thématique. Je termine par un grand remerciemnt à mon amour qui a su me réconforter, m’encourager pendant la rédaction de ma thèse, et m’aider par ses multiples lectures. - Page 3 sur 515 - LA TRANSMISSION DES SAVOIRS DU SKATEBOARD A L’EPREUVE DES NOUVELLES TECHNOLOGIES DE L’INFORMATION ET DE LA COMMUNICATION Table des matières I. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 7 II. PROBLEMATIQUE ET HYPOTHESES............................................................................................... 16 III. METHODOLOGIE ET CADRE DES ENQUETES ......................................................................... 33 A. LES ENTRETIENS ...................................................................................................................................... 36 B. ETUDE ETHNOGRAPHIQUE DES LIEUX DE PRATIQUE................................................................................. 47 C. ANALYSE DES SUPPORTS D’INFORMATION ET DE COMMUNICATION......................................................... 50 D. CONCLUSION : QUEL REGARD EPISTEMOLOGIQUE PORTER SUR NOTRE ETUDE ......................................... 57 IV. HISTORIQUE ET PRESENTATION DU SKATEBOARD ............................................................ 58 A. LE SKATE : UNE DISCIPLINE APPARTENANT A LA GLISSE URBAINE ........................................................... 59 1. Une discipline californienne importée en France.............................................................................. 62 2. Les différentes disciplines .................................................................................................................. 69 3. Le skateboard à Besançon ................................................................................................................. 75 4. Synthèse ............................................................................................................................................. 78 B. LES ETUDES RECENSANT LES SKATEBOARDEURS..................................................................................... 80 1. Approche quantitative des pratiquants .............................................................................................. 82 2. Approche qualitative des pratiquants ................................................................................................ 86 C. LE MARCHE DES FABRICANTS DE VETEMENTS ET D’EQUIPEMENTS .......................................................... 91 1. Les entreprises américaines à l’origine du marché ........................................................................... 93 2. La France, un marché en pleine structuration................................................................................... 94 3. La fabrication des planches, roues et trucks...................................................................................... 95 4. Le mix marketing appliqué au marché du Skateboard....................................................................... 96 a) Le produit....................................................................................................................................................... 96 b) La distribution................................................................................................................................................ 98 c) Le prix.......................................................................................................................................................... 101 d) La promotion ............................................................................................................................................... 102 5. Synthèse ........................................................................................................................................... 105 D. LES SKATEBOARDEURS : DES PROFILS ATYPIQUES................................................................................. 107 1. Les savoirs être et les normes sociales des skateboardeurs............................................................. 111 2. Le langage........................................................................................................................................ 113 3. La musique....................................................................................................................................... 115 4. L’occupation et la réappropriation de lieux urbains ....................................................................... 117 5. L’apparence..................................................................................................................................... 121 6. La prise de risque............................................................................................................................. 124 7. Synthèse ........................................................................................................................................... 131 E. LES SAVOIRS TECHNIQUES NECESSAIRES A LA PRATIQUE : .................................................................... 132 1. Les figures........................................................................................................................................ 133 a) Le nom des figures....................................................................................................................................... 133 b) Les catégories de figures.............................................................................................................................. 133 c) Le vocabulaire.............................................................................................................................................. 134 2. Le matériel utilisé pour skater ......................................................................................................... 136 a) La planche.................................................................................................................................................... 136 b) Les axes ou « trucks ».................................................................................................................................. 136 c) Les roulements............................................................................................................................................. 137 d) Les roues...................................................................................................................................................... 137 e) Le coût d’un skateboard............................................................................................................................... 137 F. SYNTHESE ............................................................................................................................................. 140 V. MONOGRAPHIE DES SKATEBOARDEURS INTERROGES.......................................................
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