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Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society
ISSN 1512-1127 saqarTvelos geofizikuri sazogadoebis Jurnali seria a. dedamiwis fizika JOURNAL OF THE GEORGIAN GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY Issue A. Physics of Solid Earth tomi 15a 2011-2012 vol. 15A 2011-2012 ISSN 1512-1127 saqarTvelos geofizikuri sazogadoebis Jurnali seria a. dedamiwis fizika JOURNAL OF THE GEORGIAN GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY Issue A. Physics of Solid Earth tomi 15a 2011-2012 vol. 15A 2011-2012 saqarTvelos geofizikuri sazogadoebis Jurnali seria a. dedamiwis fizika saredaqcio kolegia k. z. qarTveliSvili (mT. redaqtori), v. abaSiZe, b. ba l av aZ e, a. gvelesiani (mT. redaqtoris moadgile), g. gugunava, k. eftaqsiasi (saberZneTi), T. WeliZe, v. WiWinaZe, g. jaSi, i. gegeni (safrangeTi), i. CSau (germania), T. maWaraSvili, v. starostenko (ukraina), j. qiria, l. daraxveliZe (mdivani) misamarTi:!! saqarTvelo, 0193, Tbilisi, aleqsiZis q. 1, m. nodias geofizikis instituti tel.: 33-28-67; 94-35-91; Fax; (99532 332867); e-mail: [email protected] Jurnalis Sinaarsi: Jurnali (a) moicavs myari dedamiwis fizikis yvela mimarTulebas. gamoqveynebul iqneba: kvleviTi werilebi, mimoxilvebi, mokle informaciebi, diskusiebi, wignebis mimoxilvebi, gancxadebebi. gamoqveynebis ganrigi da xelmowera seria (a) gamoicema weliwadSi erTxel. xelmoweris fasia (ucxoeli xelmomwerisaTvis) 50 dolari, saqarTveloSi _ 10 lari, xelmoweris moTxovna unda gaigzavnos redaqciis misamarTiT. ЖУРНАЛ ГРУЗИНСКОГО ГЕОФИЗИЧЕСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА серия A. Физика Твердой Земли Редакционная коллегия; К. З. Картвелишвили (гл. редактор), В.Г. Абашидзе, Б . К . Балавадзе , А.И. Гвелесиани (зам. гл. редактора), Г.Е. Гугунава, К. Эфтаксиас (Греция), Т.Л. Челидзе, В.К. Чичинадзе, Г.Г. Джаши, И. Геген (Франция), И. Чшау (Германия), Т. Мачарашвили, В. Старостенко (Украина), Дж. Кириа, Л. Дарахвелидзе Адрес; Грузия, 0171, Тбилиси, ул. Алексидзе, 1. Институт геофизики им. М. З. -
Review of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development Potentials in Georgia
FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1055/1 REU/C1055/1(En) ISSN 2070-6065 REVIEW OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIALS IN GEORGIA Copies of FAO publications can be requested from: Sales and Marketing Group Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +39 06 57053360 Web site: www.fao.org/icatalog/inter-e.htm FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1055/1 REU/C1055/1 (En) REVIEW OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIALS IN GEORGIA by Marina Khavtasi † Senior Specialist Department of Integrated Environmental Management and Biodiversity Ministry of the Environment Protection and Natural Resources Tbilisi, Georgia Marina Makarova Head of Division Water Resources Protection Ministry of the Environment Protection and Natural Resources Tbilisi, Georgia Irina Lomashvili Senior Specialist Department of Integrated Environmental Management and Biodiversity Ministry of the Environment Protection and Natural Resources Tbilisi, Georgia Archil Phartsvania National Consultant Thomas Moth-Poulsen Fishery Officer FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia Budapest, Hungary András Woynarovich FAO Consultant FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2010 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. -
National Report on the State of the Environment of Georgia
National Report on the State of the Environment of Georgia 2007 - 2009 FOREWORD This National Report on the State of Environment 2007-2009 has been developed in accordance with the Article 14 of the Law of Georgia on Environmental Protection and the Presidential Decree N 389 of 25 June 1999 on the Rules of Development of National Report on the State of Environment. According to the Georgian legislation, for the purpose of public information the National Report on the State of Environment shall be developed once every three years. 2007-2009 National Report was approved on 9 December 2011. National Report is a summarizing document of all existing information on the state of the environment of Georgia complexly analyzing the state of the environment of Georgia for 2007-2009. The document describes the main directions of environmental policy of the country, presents information on the qualita- tive state of the environment, also presents information on the outcomes of the environmental activities carried out within the frames of international relations, and gives the analysis of environmental impact of different economic sectors. National Report is comprised of 8 Parts and 21 chapters: • Qualitative state of environment (atmospheric air, water resources, land resources, natural disasters, biodiversity, wastes and chemicals, ionizing radiation), • Environmental impact of different economic sectors (agriculture, forestry, transport, industry and en- ergy sector), • Environmental protection management (environmental policy and planning, environmental regula- tion and monitoring, environmental education and awareness raising). In the development of the present State of Environment (SOE) the Ministry of Environment Protection was assisted by the EU funded Project Support to the Improvement of the Environmental Governance in Georgia. -
This Learning Toolkit Was Developed in the Framework of the UNDP-GEF
1 This learning toolkit was developed in the framework of the UNDP-GEF project “Advancing Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) across the Kura river basin through implementation of the transboundary agreed actions and national plans”. It aims to provide a better understanding of the current state of water resources in the Kura river basin. It examines links between human activities and environmental degradation in the basin, as well as potential impacts of such global threats as climate change and disasters on water resources of the Kura river basin. The publication also includes interesting facts about water resources, related ecosystems and provides additional information about some environmental concepts. The toolkit is applicable as an additional source of information for the schoolteachers, students and everyone else who uses water. Contributors: Mary Matthews, Nino Malashkhia, Hajar Huseynova, Ahmed Abou Elseoud, Tamar Gugushvili, Elchin Mammadov, Jeanene Mitchell, Surkhay Shukurov, Aysel Muradova, Maia Ochigava, Sona Guliyeva Disclaimer: The views expressed in this publication are those of the UNDP-GEF Kura II Project Team and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations or UNDP or the Global Environment Facility TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................9 Is water an economic or social good? ..................................................................13 2. Water cycle in a nutshell .............................................................................15 -
On-Going Investment Projects
Ongoing Renewable Investment Projects - 29.12.2017 Licensing and Construction Stage Estimated Estimated Feasibility Constraction Estimated MOU Constraction Installed Annual Study Permit Completion of Commencment of Project Company Investment Cost Region River Signing Works Start Capacity Generation Submission Obtainment Construction Operation (USD) Date Date (MW) (GWh) Date Date 1 Kirnati HPP LLC Achar Energy-2007 90,000,000 Adjara Chorokhi 51.25 226.39 28.02.2008 - 06.02.2012 06.02.2012 30.10.2017 31.12.2017 LLC Georgian Investmnent 2 Khobi HPP 2 63,100,000 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti Khobistskali 46.70 202.00 15.09.2009 - 10.03.2018 10.03.2018 10.08.2021 10.08.2021 Group Energy 3 Mtkvari HPP LLC Mtkvari Hesi 115,000,000 Samtskhe-Javakheti Mtkvari 53.00 230.00 24.11.2008 - 19.11.2009 19.11.2009 16.02.2019 16.02.2019 Racha-Lechkhumi and 4 Lukhuni HPP 2 LLC Rustavi Group 23,000,000 Lukhuni 12.00 73.58 03.02.2015 - 30.07.2010 30.07.2010 30.09.2018 30.09.2018 Kvemo Svaneti 5 Shuakhevi HPP LLC Adjaristsqali Georgia 400,000,000 Adjara Adjaristskali 178.00 436.50 10.06.2011 10.06.2012 31.07.2013 30.09.2013 09.11.2017 09.01.2018 6 Skhalta HPP LLC Adjaristsqali Georgia 16,000,000 Adjara Adjaristskali 9.80 27.10 10.06.2011 10.06.2012 31.07.2013 09.09.2015 09.05.2020 09.07.2020 7 Shilda HPP 1 LLC Hydroenergy 1,800,000 Kakheti Chelti 1.20 8.70 15.08.2015 - 15.02.2016 15.02.2016 25.12.2017 25.12.2017 Racha-Lechkhumi and 8 Rachkha HPP LLC GN Electric 13,612,290 Rachkha 10.25 31.50 09.03.2015 - 09.05.2015 09.05.2015 09.09.2017 09.09.2017 Kvemo Svaneti 9 -
Environment and Society in the Late Prehistory of Southern Georgia, Caucasus
Environment and society in the late prehistory of southern Georgia, Caucasus Connor, S.E. and Sagona, A. This is a draft version of a manuscript published in Les Cultures du Caucase (VIe-IIIe millénaires avant notre ère): leurs relations avec le Proche-Orient (edited by B. Lyonnet, 2007, Editions CNRS, Paris, pp. 21-36). Please note that there may be differences between this version and the final published version. The authors will be happy to provide copies on request. ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY IN THE LATE PREHISTORY OF SOUTHERN GEORGIA, CAUCASUS Simon CONNOR and Antonio SAGONA INTRODUCTION Recent investigations into the palaeo-vegetation of southern Georgia, specifically on the Tsalka Plateau, have yielded significant results that help us to understand the environmental context of the late prehistoric societies in southern Caucasus. Despite discussions that have inferred ancient socio- economic developments in the South Caucasus, trustworthy data have been limited. Attempts to provide a holistic picture, using multidisciplinary approaches that integrate the results from various fields, have been even fewer. In this paper we draw together data on the palaeo-vegetation and archaeology of southern Georgia from the Mesolithic until the Middle Bronze Age. The present-day landscapes of southern and eastern Georgia are dominated by steppe vegetation, with only a narrow and fragmented forest-belt that divides lowland and highland steppes (Figs. 1 and 2). Evidence from various quarters has suggested, however, that what are nowadays steppes may have been more wooded in the prehistoric past. This evidence includes forest faunal assemblages from archaeological sites in presently treeless landscapes (1), the presence of relict forest soils in steppe areas (2), remnant dwarf stands of trees on the Javakheti Plateau (3), as well as Bronze Age archaeological finds depicting deer-hunting scenes (4) and historical legends, such as the founding of Tbilisi during a pheasant- or deer-hunt (5). -
Debeda HPP • Region – Kvemo Kartli • River - Debeda • Installed Capacity - 3 MW
Ministry of Energy of Georgia Power Industry Development Plan of Georgia Main directions of Energy Policy of Georgia • Diversification of energy supply sources, optimal utilization of energy resources and creation of reserves; • Utilization of Georgian renewable energy resources; • Gradual harmonization of Georgian legislation with EU legislation; • Development of Georgian energy market and improvement of energy trade mechanism ; • Strengthening the transit role of Georgia in the region; • Georgia – Regional Center for clean energy production and trade; • A coherent approach to the development and implementation of energy efficiency; • Implementation of energy projects considering environmental factors; • Improvement of service quality and protection of consumer interests. 2 Existing Electricity Generation Units in Georgia Total Installed Capacity – 3719MW. Hydro Power Plants: Thermal Power Plants: 65 HPPs 5 TPPs Installed Capacity– 2795 MW. Installed Capacity - 914 MW. 3 Investment Made and Planed in Energy Sector of Georgia • Ten Year Network Development Plan of Georgia- 850 mln. USD; • Completed Construction of 14 Hydropower Plant and 2 Thermal Power Plant - 420 MW. - 540 mln. USD; • Ongoing 122 Projects - 4,300 MW. – 8 bln. USD; • Ongoing Construction of 17 Power Plants - 841 MW- 1.95 bln. USD; • Thermal Power Plants - 500 MW- 500 mln. USD; • 7 Power Plants will become operation with total installed capacity of 422.7 MW 4 10 Year Network Development Plan Transmission Lines length increases by 1700 KM, Estimated Investment 850 Mln. USD Shilda HPP • Region- Kakheti • River - Chelti • Installed Capacity - 5 MW. • Annual Generation- 30 Mln. KWH • Implemented Investment- $ 6,312,000 • Investor - LLC “ENERGIA” Russia Black Sea Kakheti Turkey Armenia Azerbaijan 12 Shilda HPP 13 Akhmeta HPP • Region - Kakheti • River – Alazani, Ilto • Installed Capacity - 9.1 MW. -
The Ecological Problems of Rivers of Georgia (The&Nbsp
annals of agrarian science xxx (2016) 1e6 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/annals-of- agrarian-science The ecological problems of rivers of Georgia (the Caspian Sea basin) Zurab Lomsadze*, Ketevan Makharadze, Rusudan Pirtskhalava The Technical University of Georgia, The Center for Studying Productive Forces and Natural Resources of Georgia, 69, M. Kostava str., Tbilisi, 0175, Georgia article info abstract Article history: The increasing demands of fresh water in the world threaten the biodiversity and the Received 29 April 2016 supply of water for food production and other vital human needs. Providing adequate Accepted 7 July 2016 quantities of pure, fresh water for humans and their diverse activities is the major problem Available online xxx worldwide. In spite of the fact that Georgia is considered rather rich of fresh water re- sources our research showed that the major rivers of The Caspian Sea basin are polluted Keywords: with different contaminants like, nitrates, ammonium nitrogen. Heavy metals, oil prod- Water pollution ucts, pesticides and other toxic chemicals. From researched rivers the most polluted are Contaminants Mashavera and Kazretula (Bolnisi Municipality). They are mainly contaminated with toxic River basin releases of joint-stock company, Madneuli's activities. The rivers are also polluted from Toxic chemicals other plants, agricultural activities and farms. To protect the public and the environment Pesticides from toxic releases the government should prevent pollution by requiring industries to Suspended particles reduce their use of toxic chemicals and restore and strengthen protection for all water Mineralization objects. Concerted actions are needed to safely manage the use of toxic chemicals and develop monitoring and regulatory guidelines. -
Field Trip Guide of the First Plenary Conference
Institute of Earth Sciences of the Georgia Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia 12-19 October 2013 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMME 2011 2006 2007Sea 2015 of Azov 2016 Caspian Sea 2008 Black Sea 2013 2005 2014= Bosphorus Sea of Dardanells2017Marmara Aegean Sea 2009 2010 Levantine Mediterranean Sea 2017 Field Trip Guide of the First Plenary Conference IGCP 610 “From the Caspian to Mediterranean: Environmental Change and Human Response during the Quaternary” (2013 - 2017) http://www.avalon-institute.org/IGCP IGCP 610 First Plenary Conference and Field Trip, Tbilisi, Georgia12-19 October 2013 FIELD TRIP GUIDE Authors Avtandil OKROSTSVARIDZE, Ilia State Universiry Zurab JANELIDZE, Ilia State Universiry Nikoloz TUSHABRAMISHVILI, Ilia State Universiry Editors Mikhais KAKABADZE, A. Djanelidze Institute of Geology, Georgia Allan GILBERT, Fordham University, U.S.A. Ilia State University Tbilisi, Georgia 12-19 October 2013 FIELD TRIP GUIDE IGCP 610 First Plenary Conference and Field Trip “From the Caspian to Mediterranean: Environmental Change and Human Response during the Quaternary” (2013 - 2017) http://www.avalon-institute.org/IGCP Tbilisi u LTD “Sachino” u 2013 ISBN - 978-9941-0-6000-7 Printed in Georgia, LTD “Sachino”, Tbilisi ©IGCP 610- all rights reserved IGCP 610 First Plenary Conference and Field Trip, Tbilisi, Georgia, 12-19 October 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents…………………………...………………………………………………3 Outline of Georgian Quaternary geology (the Caucasus)...................................... 4 Volcanism.............................................................................................................................. -
Ride World Wide Georgia 2021
RIDE WORLD WIDE GEORGIA 2021 RIDE INFORMATION Georgia, which was part of the old USSR and lies east of the Black Sea, south of the Caucasus, bordering Turkey and Azerbaijan on its southern border, is a fascinating country with a rich and colourful history. It also has some of the most beautiful riding terrain imaginable. As one of the first settled areas of Christendom, some of the oldest Christian churches in the world are found here. The country is rich in both minerals and agriculture - it boasts 500 different grape varieties and has been growing wine for centuries longer than France. The legend of Jason's Golden Fleece is of Georgian origin - fleeces of wool were placed in mountain streams to collect the gold particles washed down from the mountains thus creating a 'fleece of gold'. The rides we offer in Georgia start in the hills, from a small village about an hours drive from the capital Tbilisi and take you through forests and meadows, passing mountain villages and remote monasteries. They are run by Levan Kobakhidze who used to manage a Thoroughbred stud in Georgia. Levan speaks excellent English and guides the rides himself with his friends helping and arranging the back up. This is an exciting holiday but is also one for adventurous people who enjoy exploring off the beaten track, and can cope without luxuries! Anyone considering a visit to Georgia should remember that its borders have only recently opened up after years of communism. It is still very much a developing country in terms of service and infrastructure and as a result, delays and changes to even the most carefully planned itinerary are always possible. -
Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan (
ENPI Project: Trans-Boundary River Management for the Kura River basin Phase III – Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan (www.kuraarasbasin.net) PROJECT PROGRESS Dr Anatoly Pichugin, Team Leader 9th Steering Committee Meeting EUWI National Policy Dialogue in Armenia 12 December 2012 Yerevan EU Project: Trans-Boundary River Management Phase II and Phase III for the Kura River basin – Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan (www.kuraarasbasin.net) Regional Project Technical Assistance Implemented by: Eptisa Servicios de Ingenieria S.L. Beneficiary Countries: Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan Client: European Commission, DG EuropeAid , Brussels Start date: 30 Jan 2012 Finish: 29 Jan 2013 ENPI Project: Trans-Boundary River Management for the Kura River basin Phase III – Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan (www.kuraarasbasin.net) Project objectives To help the project countries to develop a common approach to water quality assessment in the Kura basin based on the EU Water Framework Directive methodology To help the project countries to improve technical capacity in water quality monitoring and assessment to enable them to amend policies and practices in accordance with EU WFD ENPI Project: Trans-Boundary River Management for the Kura River basin Phase III – Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan (www.kuraarasbasin.net) Project Components Component 1: Development of a common approach to water quality assessment Component 2: Institutional technical assistance and training Component 3: Joint field survey to pilot the proposed common approach Component 4: Coordination with -
Chapter 4 Drainage Basin of the Caspian Sea
131 CHAPTER 4 DRAINAGE BASIN OF THE CASPIAN SEA This chapter deals with the assessment of transboundary rivers, lakes and groundwaters, as well as selected Ramsar Sites and other wetlands of transboundary importance, which are located in the basin of the Caspian Sea. Assessed transboundary waters in the drainage basin of the Caspian Sea Transboundary groundwaters Ramsar Sites/wetlands of Basin/sub-basin(s) Recipient Riparian countries Lakes in the basin within the basin transboundary importance Ural/Zaiyk Caspian Sea KZ, RU South-Pred-Ural, Pre-Caspian, Syrt (KZ, RU) Atrek/Atrak Caspian Sea IR, TM Gomishan Lagoon (IR, TM) Kura Caspian Sea AM, AZ, GE, IR, TR Lake Jandari,Lake Kura (AZ, GE) Wetlands of Javakheti Region Kartsakhi/Aktaş Gölü – Iori/Gabirri Kura AZ, GE Iori/Gabirri (AZ, GE) – Alazani/Ganyh Kura AZ, GE Alazan-Agrichay (AZ, GE) – Agstev/Agstafachai Kura AM, AZ Agstev-Akstafa/Tavush-Tovuz (AM, AZ) – Potskhovi/Posof Kura GE, TR – Ktsia-Khrami Kura AM, AZ, GE Ktsia-Khrami (AZ, GE) – –Debed/Debeda Ktsia-Khrami AM, GE Debed (AM, GE) – Aras/Araks Kura AM, AZ, IR, TR Araks Govsaghynyn Nakhichevan/Larijan and Djebrail Flood-plain marshes and fishponds Reservoir (AZ, IR) in the Araks/Aras River valley (AM, AZ, IR, TR) – – Akhuryan/Arpaçay Aras/Araks AM, TR Akhuryan/Arpaçay Leninak-Shiraks (AM, TR) Reservoir – –Arpa Aras/Araks AM, AZ Herher, Malishkin and Jermuk (AM, AZ) – –Vorotan/Bargushad Aras/Araks AM, AZ Vorotan-Akora (AM, AZ) – –Voghji/Ohchu Aras/Araks AM, AZ – –Sarisu/Sari Su Aras/Araks TR, IR Astarachay Caspian Sea AZ, IR Samur