National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior "The Great Chief Justice" at Home "The Great Chief Justice" at Home (Courtesy of Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities) John Marshall led the Supreme Court of the United States from obscurity and weakness to prominence and power during his 34 years in office, from 1801 to 1835. More than half his time as chief justice was spent at home in Richmond, Virginia. Marshall’s public duties in Washington, D.C., and on circuit in Virginia and North Carolina, consumed an average of less than six months a year. So he was often with family and friends at his two-and-a-half-story brick house, built between 1788 and 1790. Located at the corner of Ninth and Marshall Streets in downtown Richmond, this house stands as a permanent memorial to the Marshall family. No National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior "The Great Chief Justice" at Home other site, not even the Supreme Court building in Washington, D.C., is so closely connected to "The Great Chief Justice." John Marshall’s public and private roles were intertwined at home. He developed legal opinions, wrote public papers, and greeted famous guests at this place, where he also was a father, husband, and household manager. Today visitors to the John Marshall House can see evidence of both the public and private parts of his life at home. A striking symbol of his public life--a large judicial robe once worn by Marshall as chief justice--is displayed in the visitors’ Orientation Room, as is a small locket that was worn by Marshall’s wife, Mary Willis Ambler, whom he called "my dearest Polly." These two objects represent the public and private domains of a great man’s life, his career and family National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior "The Great Chief Justice" at Home Document Contents National Curriculum Standards About This Lesson Getting Started: Inquiry Question Setting the Stage: Historical Context Locating the Site: Maps 1. Map 1:Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay region 2. Map 2: John Marshall House and surrounding area, Richmond, Virginia Determining the Facts: Readings 1. Reading 1: John Marshall at Home 2. Reading 2: A Black Robe – Symbol of Civil Virtue and Constitutional Principles 3. Reading 2: A Locket and Strand of Hair – Symbols of Love and Family 4. Reading 3: John Marshal on “My Dearest Polly” Visual Evidence: Images 1. Exterior front view, John Marshall House 2. Exterior side view, John Marshall House 3. Withdrawing room, John Marshall House 4. Dining room, John Marshall House 5. Master bedroom, John Marshall House Putting It All Together: Activities 1. Activity 1: Assessing Public and Private Qualities Associated with Greatness 2. Activity 2: Inquiry on the Landmark Supreme Court Opinions of John Marshall 3. Activity 3: Historic Sites in the Local Community References and Endnotes Additional Resources National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior "The Great Chief Justice" at Home Where this lesson fits into the curriculum Time Period: Late 18th century to mid-19th century Topics: The lesson could be used in units on the Marshall Court during the Early National Period. Relevant United States History Standards for Grades 5-12 This lesson relates to the following National Standards for History from the UCLA National Center for History in the Schools: US History Era 3 • Standard 3C: The student understands the development of the Supreme Court's power and its significance from 1789 to 1820. Relevant Curriculum Standards for Social Studies This lesson relates to the following Curriculum Standards for Social Studies from the National Council for the Social Studies: Theme II: Time, Continuity and Change • Standard A: The student demonstrates an understanding that different scholars may describe the same event or situation in different ways but must provide reasons or evidence for their views. • Standard C: The student identifies and describes selected historical periods and patterns of change within and across cultures, such as the rise of civilizations, the development of transportation systems, the growth and breakdown of colonial systems, and others. Theme IV: Individual Development and Identity • Standard C: The student describes the ways family, gender, ethnicity, nationality, and institutional affiliations contribute to personal identity. Theme VI: Power, Authority, and Governance National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior "The Great Chief Justice" at Home • Standard B: The student describes the purpose of government and how its powers are acquired, used, and justified. • Standard E: The student identifies and describes the basic features of the political systems in the United States, and identifies representative leaders from various levels and branches of government. Theme X: Civic Ideals, and Practices • Standard A: The student examines the origins and continuing influence of key ideals of the democratic republican form of government, such as individual human dignity, liberty, justice, equality, and the rule of law. • Standard C: The student locates, accesses, analyzes, organizes, and applies information about selected public issues - recognizing and explaining multiple points of view. • Standard D: The student practices forms of civic discussion and participation consistent with the ideals of citizens in a democratic republic. Relevant Common Core Standards This lesson relates to the following Common Core English and Language Arts Standards for History and Social Studies for middle and high school students: Key Ideas and Details • CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6-12.1 • CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6-12.2 • CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6-12.3 Craft and Structure • CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6-12.4 • CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6-12.5 Integration of Knowledge and Ideas • CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6-12.7 • CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6-12.8 Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity: • CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6-12.10 National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior "The Great Chief Justice" at Home About This Lesson This lesson is based on the National Register of Historic Places registration file "John Marshall House" [https://npgallery.nps.gov/pdfhost/docs/NHLS/Text/66000916.pdf] (with photographs https://npgallery.nps.gov/pdfhost/docs/NHLS/Photos/66000916.pdf) and information from the John Marshall Foundation of Richmond, Virginia, and the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities. It was written by John J. Patrick, a professor of education at Indiana University, where he is also director of the Social Studies Development Center and director of the ERIC Clearinghouse for Social Studies/Social Science Education. It was published in 2000. TwHP is sponsored, in part, by the Cultural Resources Training Initiative and Parks as Classrooms programs of the National Park Service. This lesson is one in a series that brings the important stories of historic places into the classrooms across the country. Objectives 1. To describe the John Marshall House and the Marshall family's way of life there; 2. To identify the civic virtues and personal values that motivated John Marshall, and explain how they influenced his public and private actions and decisions; 3. To examine how the public and private sides of John Marshall's life and personality were related and integrated; 4. To identify and explain Marshall's core principles of constitutional government in his career as chief justice of the Supreme Court; 5. To investigate persons of historical significance in their own community and the historic sites that commemorate notable deeds and lives. Materials for students The materials listed below can either be used directly on the computer or can be printed out, photocopied, and distributed to students. 1. Two maps showing the Chesapeake Bay region and Richmond; 2. Four readings drawn from biographies and papers of John Marshall emphasizing the virtues underlying John Marshall's commitment to his public and private duties; 3. Five photographs of the exterior and interior of the John Marshall House. Visiting the site The John Marshall House is maintained and operated by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA). Admission is charged and tours are provided. The house is open to visitors March through December: Friday and Saturday, 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., and on Sunday 12:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. The house is open by appointment only January through National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior "The Great Chief Justice" at Home March and is closed July 4 and Thanksgiving. Private and group tours are available by prior arrangement by calling 804-648-7998. Reservations for tours must be made at least 24 hours in advance. The minimum fee for private and group tours is $100. The house is located at the corner of Ninth and Marshall Streets in Richmond, Virginia. For more information, write to the John Marshall House, 818 East Marshall Street, Richmond, VA 23219. You may also want to contact the John Marshall Foundation, 701 E. Franklin Street, Suite 1515, Richmond, VA 23219. National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior "The Great Chief Justice" at Home Getting Started What style architecture do you think this building is? What purpose do you think the building serves? National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior "The Great Chief Justice" at Home Photo Analysis Worksheet Step 1: Examine the photograph for 10 seconds. How would you describe the photograph? Step 2: Divide the photograph into quadrants and study each section individually. What details--such as people, objects, activities--do you notice? Step 3: What other information--such as time period, location, season, reason photo was taken--can you gather from the photo? Step 4: How would you revise your first description of the photo using the information noted in Steps 2 and 3? Step 5: What questions do you have about the photograph? How might you find answers to these questions? National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S.