Final Report Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan Strategic
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FINAL REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized DHAKA METROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared for: The World Bank Washington, DC Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by: SENES Consultants Limited In association with Techno Consult International Limited Dhaka Bangladesh July 2007 Public Disclosure Authorized Printed on Recycled Paper Containing Post-Consumer Fibre Dhaka-Strategic Environmental Assessment TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................................... 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................1-1 1.1 Rationale for the Strategic Assessment Study......................................................1-1 1.2 Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................1-3 1.3 Approach and Methodology of SEA....................................................................1-3 1.3.1 Analytical Component..............................................................................1-5 1.3.2 Participatory Component..........................................................................1-6 1.4 Output and Dissemination....................................................................................1-7 1.5 Report Structure ...................................................................................................1-8 2.0 SITUATION ANALYSIS OF DHAKA’S ENVIRONMENT....................2-1 2.1 Urbanization In Dhaka .........................................................................................2-1 2.2 Land-use and Land Management .........................................................................2-6 2.2.1 Housing, Slums & Open Spaces ..............................................................2-6 2.2.2 Industries ..................................................................................................2-9 2.2.3 Roads & Transportation .........................................................................2-10 2.2.4 Solid Waste ............................................................................................2-12 2.3 Water Resources and Quality.............................................................................2-13 2.3.1 Water Resources.....................................................................................2-13 2.3.2 Water Pollution ......................................................................................2-14 2.4 Air and Noise Quality ........................................................................................2-16 2.5 Flooding and Drainage.......................................................................................2-18 2.5.1 Illegal Filling of low lying areas ............................................................2-13 2.5.2 Illegal Filling of ditches and drainage channels.....................................2-14 2.5.3 Potential Climate Change Impacts on Dhaka.........................................2-14 2.6 Formulation of Environmental Priorities .........................................................2-222 3.0 URBAN PLANNING IN DHAKA .............................................................3-1 3.1 Overall Planning Process in Dhaka......................................................................3-1 3.1.1 Policy Guidance .......................................................................................3-1 3.1.2 High level Planning Focus .......................................................................3-2 3.1.3 Urban Planning for Dhaka........................................................................3-2 3.2 Regional Plans – Structure Plan & Urban Area Plan...........................................3-5 3.2.1 Detailed Area Plans..................................................................................3-6 3.3 Sectoral Planning..................................................................................................3-7 3.3.1 Water Supply............................................................................................3-8 3.3.2 Sewerage and Sanitation ..........................................................................3-8 3.3.3 Drainage and Flood Protection ............…………… ………………… 3-10 3.3.4 Transportation ........................................................................................3-11 3.3.5 Solid Waste Management.......................................................................3-11 3.3.6 Industrialization......................................................................................3-12 3.3.7 Housing and Slum Improvement............................................................3-13 34445 –Final – Aug 2007 i SENES Consultants Limited Dhaka-Strategic Environmental Assessment 3.4 Institutional Set up for Governance & Urban Planning .....................................3-14 3.4.1 RAJUK – An Institutional Analysis.......................................................3-17 3.5 Analyzing Stakeholder Influence in Planning & Plan Implementation Process 3-21 3.6 Analysis of Planning Framework in Context of Environmental Priorities ........3-24 3.6.1 High urban densification in certain areas...............................................3-24 3.6.2 Surface water pollution due to discharge of untreated sewage & effluent ...................................................................................................3-25 3.6.3 Depletion of groundwater.......................................................................3-27 3.6.4 Increasing vulnerability of floods ..........................................................3-27 4.0 RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF PLANNING FRAMEWORK..........4-1 4.1 Land and Land use Management .........................................................................4-1 4.2 Water Resources and Quality...............................................................................4-2 4.2.1 Depletion of Groundwater........................................................................4-2 4.2.2 Surface water pollution ............................................................................4-3 4.3 Flooding and Drainage.........................................................................................4-6 4.3.1 Increasing Vulnerability to Floods...........................................................4-6 5.0 SEA FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................5-1 5.1 Background ..........................................................................................................5-1 5.2 Summary of SEA Findings ……………………………………………………..5-2 5.3 Environmental Priorities that need to be addressed by DAP ..............................5-5 5.4 Recommendations ...............................................................................................5-7 APPENDIX A: Final Consultation Workshop Proceedings 34445 –Final – Aug 2007 ii SENES Consultants Limited Dhaka-Strategic Environmental Assessment LIST OF TABLES Page No. 2.1 Environmental Priorities in Dhaka.................................................................................2-24 3.1 DAP zones and categorization .........................................................................................3-5 LIST OF FIGURES Page No. 2.1 Spatial Growth of Dhaka..................................................................................................2-2 2.2 Administrative Map of the DMDP Region ......................................................................2-4 2.3 Spatial Disposition of Development Zones......................................................................2-5 2.4 Air Pollution from Vehicles in Dhaka............................................................................2-16 2.5 Ranking Matrix for Stakeholder Perception...................................................................2-23 3.1 DMDP and DAP Planning Areas.....................................................................................3-4 3.2 Urban Governance and Flow of Authority.....................................................................3-15 3.3 Interaction between Planning Institutions......................................................................3-16 3.4 Principal Agencies Related to Urban Planning in DMDP Region ................................3-17 3.5 RAJUK Organizational Structure...................................................................................3-19 3.6 Stakeholder Analysis Matrix..........................................................................................3-22 3.7 Proposed Flood Retention Ponds – FAP 8A..................................................................3-29 3.8 Proposed Flood Retention Ponds –Structure Plan .........................................................3-30 3.9 Proposed Flood Retention Ponds –Eastern Bypass........................................................3-31 34445 –Final – Aug 2007 iii SENES Consultants Limited Dhaka-Strategic Environmental Assessment ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank AQMP Air Quality Management Project BLD Billion Liters per Day BOD Biological Oxygen Demand BUET Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology BWDB Bangladesh Water Development Board BWTA Bangladesh Water Transport Authority CETP Centralised Effluent Treatment Plant COD Chemical Oxygen Demand DAP Detailed Area Plan DCC Dhaka City Corporation DEPZ Dhaka Export Processing Zone DIEWRMP Dhaka Integrated Environment and Water Resources