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Coming Soon … Nanotechnology Revolution Tamar Z. COMING SOON … Chachibaia- Saginashvili Founder of Georgian National NANOTECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION NanoInnovation Initiative http://gnni.com.ge COMPILED BY PhD candidate, TAMAR Z. CHACHIBAIA-SAGINASHVILI graduated from Tbilisi State Medical University, DEDICATED TO MY TEACHER DOCTOR EDWARD R. RAUPP Georgia, with the diploma of General Practitioner. Interested in Nanotechnology, Oncology, General Pathology, Neuroendocrinology, General Endocrinology, Medical Law ... Current publication is issued strictly for educational purposes and declined to pursue any for-profit and commercial attitude. This is compilation report of State-of-the-Art literature in nanotechnology. Special acknowledgements to all involved individuals Tbilisi, Georgia for their immense contribution to hasten nanotechnology era. 2007 ISBN 978 9941 0 0193 2 COMING SOON … NANOTECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION COMPILED BY TAMAR Z. CHACHIBAIA-SAGINASHVILI DEDICATED TO MY TEACHER DOCTOR EDWARD R. RAUPP Tbilisi, Georgia 2007 ISBN 978 9941 0 0193 2 Copyright © Tamar Z. Chachibaia-Saginashvili, Tbilisi, Georgia, 2006 Copyright © Georgian National NanoInnovation Initiative, 2005 Free on-line download: http://gnni.com.ge/book.pdf. PREFACE Nanotechnology powers enormous resources to impact at various field of science and industry. All aspect of involvement of NT is hard to cover at the same moment. Opportunities of NT often outpace our imaginations and resemble science fiction. However even more incredible accomplishment are achieved, due to outstanding inventions in physics, chemistry and material sciences. From contemporary vision NT represents not only single discipline, but outreaches abilities of each fields of S&T and overlapped utilities enable NanoS&T more versatile. We should distinguish extent of hype, accompanying this novel sphere of technology on it’s way of maturation. In the chapter one is revised attitudes towards this intriguing discipline and discovered what is realistic versus fanciful. Realistic landscape will be uncovered if we’ll delve in the search of indicators and denominators of research activities in the field of NanoS&T. By proper selection of the exact type for investigational method at the starting stage of our research, will give the tool to determine the extent of interest into nano innovation. In the chapter two then suggested sources to determine “leading indicators” that can be helpful and that might provide early hints of change. To highlight the certain type of innovation it is important to choose appropriate type of evaluation method. In the case of nanotechnology bibliometric and patent application analysis will be helpful, as these are the most indicative methods for pursuance the scale of implication of nanotechnology in science, technology and industry. In the chapter three are represented some assumptions about technology assessment of nanotechnology, as emerging technology, to highlight present goals for socio-economic and ethical implications of nanotechnology. Finally, overview of nano medical applications is presented, focused on novel drag delivery systems, which reside on their inceptive stages of development. Most of drugs are at preclinical or starting phases of clinical investigations. 3 NANOTECHNOLOGY –BRIDGE TO THE FUTURE • 'Nano" is a term creeping into our vocabulary and our culture these days, and it's likely to be one of the buzzwords of the future, the way "cyber" was in the '90s.1 •Nanotechnology is widely expected to be one of the most important industrial innovations of the 21st century. U.S. Senator Ron Wyden, Democrat from Oregon, said, "My own judgment is that the nanotechnology revolution has the potential to change the world on a scale equal to, if not greater than, the computer revolution. • Nanotechnology is the science of building things or devices at the molecular and atomic level - at the nanometer scale, usually 100 nanometers or less in size. For example, a single data bit might be represented by only one atom some time in the future. National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) • The term "nano" refers to the measurement of a nanometer - one nanometer equals one thousandth of a micrometer, or one millionth of a millimeter, or one billionth of a meter. source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm • Nanotechnology is expected to produce an immense new wave of novel products and improved versions of what we have now. Scientists envision materials with several times the strength of steel but a fraction of its weight. Developments in data storage could put nearly all the world's information on a single tiny chip. A swatch of NanoCare fabric, for example, resists stains and liquids because it is layered with billions of microscopic hairs that 1 Chapman, G., (2005) Nanotechnology looks like the next big thing. Nanotech. 4 act like the fur on a seal. But these hairs are so small that NanoCare fabric looks no different than plain cotton. • Nanotechnology is providing a critical bridge between the physical sciences and engineering, on the one hand, and modern molecular biology on the other. Materials scientists are learning the principles of the nanoscale world by studying the behavior of biomolecules and biomolecular assemblies. In return, engineers are creating a host of nanoscale tools that are required to develop the systems biology models of malignancy needed to better diagnose, treat, and ultimately prevent cancer. Going Small for Big Advances Using Nanotechnology to Advance Cancer Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute July 2004 • There should be major advances in medical technology. Beyond being used in computers and communications devices, nanotechnology could be used extensively in biotechnology to build devices, fight disease, and change the properties of materials. There should be major advances in medical technology. 5 CHAPTER ONE FINE LINE BETWEEN REALITY AND SCIENCE FICTION Science fiction has played a powerful role in creating excitement and fascination for nanotechnology in society. It envisions fictitious scenarios of both the meritorious and the dark side of nanotechnology. The public perception of the power of nanotechnology in medicine is still dominated by scenarios described in movies and science fiction literature. In the movie “Fantastic Voyage” from the 1960s, for example, macroscopic design principles were scaled down to the nanoscale to create nanobots — nanoscale robots — that travel through the blood stream equipped with intelligently controlled arms and sensors. In Star Trek, the blind wear goggles that transmit visual images directly to the brain; and with the command “Energize” people are transported across space, disassembled and reassembled in an instant. Robots are often indistinguishable from humans, able to rationalize, argue and perform intelligent tasks. And the endless dream of immortality is portrayed by some to become reality once society fully exploits its new nanotech toys. In fact, scientists must play a vital role in drawing the line between realistic predictions and futuristic dreams, to prevent the public podium from remaining occupied by scientifically unsubstantiated optimists or worriers (Vogel, 2001). It no longer seems a question of whether nanotechnology will become a reality. No one knows how much of nanotechnology’s promise will prove out. Technology prediction has never been too reliable. “Nanotechnology is the builder's final frontier,” remarked Nobel laureate Richard Smalley (Amato, 1999). Richard Smalley, in the introductory part of a public speech about his very specific work on the use of carbon nanotubes for energy storage, claims: ‘The list of things you could do with such a 6 technology [nanotechnology] reads like much of the Christmas Wish List of our civilization’ (Smalley, 1995). The prefix “nano” has begun diffusing into popular culture. It’s getting into screenplays and scripts for TV shows like the Xfiles and Star Trek: The Next Generation. Companies are using it in their names. It’s a favorite topic of science fiction writers. For many years futurists steeped in the culture of science fiction and prone to thinking in time frames that reach decades ahead have been dreaming up a fantastic future built using nanotechnologies. (Amato, 1999). Organization and process professionals like those from ITRI and the Institute for Alternative Futures can coordinate experts who would typically not relate to each other. Technology assessment professionals like those with Coates & Jarratt, Inc. can apply time-tested tools to estimate a range of possible circumstances and assess the secondary and tertiary effects of incremental and radical changes (Smith, 2001). Joe Coates is a world-renowned thinker, writer, and speaker on the future. After leading Coates & Jarratt, Inc. through more than two decades of designing and delivering studies on the future of technology, business and government. In the course of his pioneering future studies, Joe has consulted with 45 of the Fortune 500 companies and numerous smaller firms, scores of professional, trade and public interest groups, and with all levels of government. The history of predictions about the societal and economic impacts of promising new technologies is replete with predictions that incipient advances will amount to little, only to have them substantially transform daily life, and those about major advances that subsequently fizzle. Here are some brief examples from The Experts Speak, compiled by Cerf
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